331:, TCA's contract with Avro demanded fixed prices for the entire development, as well as a fixed price for the aircraft of C$ 350,000. Additionally, Avro was not allowed to sell the aircraft to any other airline for three years. After that period, if a buyer paid less than C$ 350,000 for the aircraft, Avro would have to pay the difference to TCA. Furthermore, during the testing period of one year after the first aircraft was introduced, Avro would have to pay all costs, even if paying passengers were carried. Jack Dyment, chief of TCA's entire engineering department, suggested that Avro pay for the testing so that it would "permit us to learn how to successfully operate a jet aircraft without having to pay for such experience the hard way."
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had not yet been fitted for the high-speed taxi trials which included braking tests and steering control checks. These high speed runs had to be done on a shorter runway than had been planned as the
Department of Transport had taken the longer runway out of service for rework at the last minute. On its second flight, on 16 August, the landing gear failed to extend, and the Jetliner had to make a
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242:, both of which were conversions of piston engine airliners. The name "Jetliner" was chosen as a shortening of the term "jet airliner", a term which is still in popular usage. The aircraft was considered suitable for busy routes along the US eastern seaboard and garnered intense interest, notably from
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first flying in 1950), Floyd's design was conceived from the outset as a commercial jet airliner. The updated design was presented in
October 1948, and in February 1948 TCA responded with changes of their own. Now they wanted the aircraft to cruise at 500 mph (800 km/h), and they increased
310:
Over the next few months, the teams at TCA and Avro refined the requirements, which were signed off on 9 April 1946. They called for a 36-seat aircraft with a cruising speed of 425 miles per hour (684 km/h), a range of 1,200 miles (1,900 km), an average distance between stops of 250 miles
433:
Two years later, the first prototype, CF-EJD (-X), began taxiing tests, and first flew on 10 August 1949, only 25 months after the design had started, and only 13 days after the first flight of the DH Comet. Delays to the first flight were caused by many burst tires as the anti-skid braking system
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stepped in and offered $ 1.5 million to continue the project, at a slower pace. At about the same time, Rolls-Royce told Avro that the civil certification of the Avon could not be guaranteed in time for the
Jetliner's rollout. This, in turn, would lead to higher operational and maintenance costs.
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in 58 minutes– half the previous record (c. 340 miles, 352 mph). The flight was highly publicized and the crew was welcomed with a ticker tape parade through the streets of
Manhattan. So new was the concept of jet power that the Jetliner was made to park far from the terminal, and pans were
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was upset by these developments, but in the end found a number of advantages to the four-engine layout. The main advantage was that in an engine-out situation, the aircraft would lose only a quarter of its thrust, rather than half. In particular, the asymmetry in thrust originally called for a
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the fuel requirements to allow for wider diversions. In April, Gordon McGregor took over the presidency of TCA, and told Smye that he did not want it to be the first airline with a jet. Nevertheless, the project pressed on, and was the topic of a major article in
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and diversion to a 120-mile (190-km)-distant alternate airport in a 20 mph (32 km/h) headwind. The aircraft also needed to be able to operate from existing 4,000 ft (1,200 m) runways. Load was 12,700 lbs and 50 passengers.
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The
Jetliner was later used for taking in-flight photographs of CF-100 development trials such as canopy jettison and rocket firing. On 10 December 1956, the Jetliner was grounded and ordered not to fly again. It was donated to the
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but they had no room to store it and took only the nose section for cockpit layout design. The rest of the
Jetliner was cut up on 13 December 1956. The only surviving parts are the nose and cockpit section in the
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engine later called the Avon, was the right engine for his new aircraft. On his return to Canada Bain insisted a twin-engined aircraft powered by these engines was the only arrangement acceptable to TCA.
468:. The project was somewhat delayed, although the company's continuing work on the Jetliner caused some controversy. After the prototype returned, it still had no immediate sales prospects, and
472:(the "minister of everything") therefore ordered the program stopped in December 1951. The second prototype Jetliner, nearly completed in the main assembly hangar, was broken up at that time.
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first learned of the design and leased the
Jetliner prototype for testing, flying it for a few circuits when it arrived in Culver City, California. He tried to buy 30 Jetliners for use by
483:, but Avro had to repeatedly turn him down due to limited manufacturing capabilities and overwork on the CF-100 project. Hughes then started looking at US companies to build it for him;
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powered rudder to correct for yaw in the case of an engine failure, but with four engines it was found yaw was so small it could be corrected easily with just the manual trim controls.
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was starting and the
Canadian authorities were in the midst of expanding the military. Avro was involved in designing the first dedicated jet-powered, all-weather fighter for the
441:
During its first inspection in
November the servo rudder was removed as unnecessary but the servo elevators were retained for dealing with extreme centre-of-gravity positions.
311:(400 km) and a longest single flight of 500 mi (800 km). The difference between the range and maximum airport distances was to allow for the required 45 minutes
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and CF-100 jet fighter programs. Furthermore, the U.S. government decided that
Convair's military commitments had priority for facilities over any additional civil projects.
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The agreement also specified a number of contractual terms that, in retrospect, appear especially odd. In spite of TCA's experience with contracting for the
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271:(TCA) started exploring a number of aircraft developments under the direction of Jim Bain, at that time superintendent of engineering and maintenance.
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The aircraft was scheduled to begin deliveries in May 1952, and enter service in October, which would have given it a full six years headstart on the
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placed under the engines in case they dripped any "self-igniting fuel." On its return the next day, the Jetliner returned to Canada via Montreal.
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proved interested and started studies on gearing up a production line. C.D. Howe again stepped in and insisted that Avro concentrate on its
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engines, 3,600 lbf (16 kN) thrust each (later fitted with 2x Derwent 8 {#2 & #4} and 2x Derwent 9 engines {#1 & #3})
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in England. These were the first turbine-powered aircraft in regular service in North America. They continued in service until 1974.
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The project was almost restarted in 1953, when CF-100 production was in full swing, but this never happened. In 1955, TCA ordered 51
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issued a stamp to commemorate the development of the Jetliner. Jetliner Road in Mississauga, Ontario is named for the airliner at
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279:"shadow factory" in Toronto, jointly with TCA, came up with a layout for an aircraft powered by four Armstrong-Siddeley
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of TCA that they could not meet the fixed price contract. Symington's response was to pull out of the project.
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who even offered to start production under license. However, continued delays in Avro Canada's all-weather
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1066:, transcript of speech by Avro Canada C102 Jetliner test pilot Don Rogers, 2003. Retrieved: 27 June 2009.
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airliner. In the fall of 1945, Bain travelled to England to visit various aircraft companies and
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Woe Canada: The only thing that kept Canada from beating the U.S. to a jet airliner was Canada
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Proposals exist for 30-, 40-, and 50-seat models, as well as 52- and 64-seat
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8 and 9 (the former flying on jet power in 1948 and the latter becoming the
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Nevertheless, Avro continued with its plan to build the jet, selecting four
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376 mph (605 km/h, 327 kn) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
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417 mph (671 km/h, 362 kn) at 30,000 ft (9,100 m)
299:, head of the Rolls-Royce Aero Engine, convinced him the AJ65, a new
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In April 1950, the Jetliner carried the world's first jet airmail from
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One (second prototype cancelled whilst in production and scrapped)
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1135:, By Graham Chandler, Air & Space Magazine, 1 March 2009
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in 1949. It was beaten to the air by only 13 days by the
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Certified/factory-built aircraft manufactured in Canada
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Nevertheless, only a few months later, the enigmatic
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Although bearing some resemblance to the jet-powered
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Rolls-Royce Derwent engine, used in the Avro Jetliner
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Canadian prototype jet airliner built by Avro Canada
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1156:The AVRO Jetliner – America's First Jet Transport
973:(1st ed.). Putnam Aeronautical. p. 444.
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544:Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport
275:of England, which had recently taken over the
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925:The Avro Canada C102 Jetliner,Jim Floyd 1988,
670:1,680 mi (2,700 km, 1,460 nmi)
429:Avro Canada Jetliner in flight, 11 March 1950
8:
790:The Avro Canada C102 Jetliner,Jim Floyd1986,
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1076:. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd., 1979.
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688:51.86 lb/sq ft (253.2 kg/m)
402:. Its short-field performance exceeded the
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406:(with a comparable number of passengers).
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1087:Winchester, Jim. "Avro Canada Jetliner."
1048:Erin, Ontario: Boston Mills Press, 1986.
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1001:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
780:
579:payload 12,700 lb (5,761 kg)
540:Toronto Pearson International Airport
413:versions, high-altitude medical lab,
323:, and Bain's personal arguments that
7:
1994:DH.82C Tiger Moth & Menasco Moth
1145:Arrow Recovery Canada: Avro Jetliner
597:1,097 sq ft (101.9 m)
49:adding citations to reliable sources
1165:advertisement for the AVRO Jetliner
591:98 ft 1 in (29.90 m)
585:82 ft 5 in (25.12 m)
456:At the time, in the mid-1950s, the
1091:. London: Amber Books Ltd., 2005.
14:
2467:Abandoned civil aircraft projects
1140:Avroland: The Avro C.102 Jetliner
682:2,220 ft/min (11.3 m/s)
550:Specifications Avro C102 Jetliner
417:, cargo, and crew trainer types.
1123:Photos of the Avro Canada C-102
1033:. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2003.
895:Floyd 1986, pp. 268, Appendix 2.
713:
699:
521:Canada Aviation and Space Museum
131:
25:
630:55,000 lb (24,948 kg)
624:27,427 lb (12,441 kg)
36:needs additional citations for
2285:Ontario Provincial Air Service
1046:The Avro Canada C102 Jetliner.
807:McArthur 2003, Roger's speech.
676:40,300 ft (12,300 m)
1:
343:, president of Avro, advised
2477:Aircraft first flown in 1949
1786:Hurricane Mk.X, XI & XII
1723:Canadian Associated Aircraft
1061:"Testing the Avro Jetliner."
944:"AVRO CANADA C.102 JETLINER"
283:engines later known as the
60:"Avro Canada C102 Jetliner"
2493:
2472:Aviation history of Canada
2206:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm
1688:Toronto Curtiss Aeroplanes
1658:Canadian Aerodrome Company
869:"Aviation Week 1948-11-01"
356:to replace the two Avons.
327:be used as a ward against
289:Armstrong Whitworth Apollo
2224:National Research Council
1555:Bristol/McDonald Brothers
1454:Boeing Aircraft of Canada
1253:
1169:"Jetliner's First Flight"
828:Campagna 2003, pp. 27–28.
641:centrifugal-flow turbojet
516:National Research Council
466:Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck
212:Avro Canada C102 Jetliner
130:
2452:1940s Canadian airliners
1741:Canadian Car and Foundry
1127:(Canada Aviation Museum)
971:Avro Aircraft since 1908
565:Avro Aircraft since 1908
285:Armstrong Siddeley Mamba
2303:Ottawa Car and Aircraft
1796:Harvard Mk.IIB and Mk.4
1791:Norseman Mk.V & VII
1089:X-Planes and Prototypes
1005:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
904:Floyd 1986, pp. 56, 63.
858:Winchester 2005, p. 68.
570:General characteristics
345:Herbert James Symington
2426:CL-515 First Responder
1756:Anson Mk.II & Mk.V
1271:Hawker Siddeley Canada
969:Jackson, A.J. (1965).
559:
430:
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258:Design and development
1749:Maple Leaf Trainer II
1064:Arrow Recovery Canada
1059:McArthur, Scott, ed.
837:Campagna 2003, p. 28.
816:Campagna 2003, p. 26.
764:list of jet airliners
638:Rolls-Royce Derwent V
557:
428:
362:
321:Ministry of Transport
269:Trans-Canada Airlines
181:Trans Canada Airlines
2447:Avro Canada aircraft
1686:Canadian Aeroplanes/
1611:CL-415 Super Scooper
1150:Avro Canada Jetliner
1104:"Canadian Contender"
849:Campagna 2003, p. 29
415:photo reconnaissance
354:Rolls-Royce Derwents
45:improve this article
1939:de Havilland Canada
1031:Requiem for a Giant
1029:Campagna, Palmiro.
886:Floyd 1986, p. 143.
729:Vickers VC.1 Viking
421:Operational history
325:cost-plus contracts
140:General information
2242:National Steel Car
1606:CL-215 Waterbomber
1074:Aviation In Canada
752:de Havilland Comet
560:
431:
365:
232:de Havilland Comet
2462:Low-wing aircraft
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2335:Reid/Curtiss-Reid
1676:Hubbard Monoplane
1616:CL-600 Challenger
1462:C-204 Thunderbird
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999:Lednicer, David.
558:Model of the C102
503:Vickers-Armstrong
208:
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121:
120:
113:
95:
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2421:DHC-6 Twin Otter
2403:York C.1 Special
2380:Victory Aircraft
2111:Federal Aircraft
2019:Diamond Aircraft
1989:DH.60 Gipsy Moth
1972:DHC-6 Twin Otter
1861:CH-300 Pacemaker
1806:Canadian Vickers
1766:CBY-3 Loadmaster
1439:505 Jet Ranger X
1434:429 GlobalRanger
1346:Avian Industries
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1281:Victory Aircraft
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1110:, 5 January 1950
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871:. November 1948.
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155:National origin
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758:Related lists
753:
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739:
738:
737:
731:– Nene Viking
730:
727:
726:
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721:Canada portal
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477:Howard Hughes
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436:belly landing
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391:in November.
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389:Aviation Week
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252:CF-100 Canuck
250:project, the
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126:C102 Jetliner
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93:
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72:
69:
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62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2151:50 Freighter
2055:45-80 Sekani
2009:CS2F Tracker
1952:DHC-2 Beaver
1906:Cub Aircraft
1761:T-34A Mentor
1696:JN-4C Canuck
1623:Cosmopolitan
1506:700/900/1000
1396:Bell Textron
1386:VZ-9 Avrocar
1381:CF-105 Arrow
1375:
1257:
1245:VZ-9 Avrocar
1240:CF-105 Arrow
1224:
1172:
1160:
1155:
1132:
1124:
1107:
1088:
1073:
1063:
1045:
1044:Floyd, Jim.
1030:
1023:Bibliography
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
994:
986:
970:
964:
952:. Retrieved
947:
938:
921:
913:
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900:
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854:
833:
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803:
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735:
734:
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661:
655:
648:
646:
633:
627:
621:
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610:NACA 23016.5
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
569:
567:
562:
561:
534:
512:
509:Cancellation
493:
474:
455:
443:
440:
432:
408:
393:
388:
381:experimental
374:
366:
338:
318:
309:
297:Ernest Hives
266:
224:jet airliner
211:
209:
201:First flight
188:Number built
177:Primary user
166:Manufacturer
149:Jet airliner
107:
101:October 2016
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2393:Lancastrian
2118:Anson Mk.II
2092:Bolingbroke
1957:DHC-3 Otter
1866:PBV-1 Canso
1648:Starfighter
1643:Silver Star
1596:CL-44 Yukon
1591:CL-41 Tutor
1586:CL-28 Argus
1467:A-213 Totem
1363:Avro Canada
1210:Avro Canada
954:12 December
742:Avro Ashton
649:Performance
634:Powerplant:
536:Canada Post
527:, Ontario.
384:Avro Ashton
293:Rolls-Royce
248:interceptor
240:Nene Viking
228:Avro Canada
171:Avro Canada
2441:Categories
2413:Viking Air
2060:F-11 Husky
1701:C-1 Canada
1563:Anson Mk.V
1494:Bombardier
1125:"Jetliner"
950:. Ingenium
770:References
617:NACA 23012
595:Wing area:
404:Caravelles
400:Boeing 727
377:Avro Tudor
349:C. D. Howe
301:axial-flow
238:, and the
183:(intended)
71:newspapers
2161:80 Canuck
2042:Fairchild
1896:Viking IV
1891:Stranraer
1851:Avro 504N
1814:Vancouver
1525:CS100/300
1258:See also:
1175:news item
1159:– a 1950
747:Baade 152
589:Wingspan:
577:Capacity:
563:Data from
499:turboprop
470:C.D. Howe
411:paratroop
341:Fred Smye
339:In 1947,
281:turboprop
267:In 1945,
226:built by
222:-powered
216:prototype
2457:Quadjets
2357:Saunders
2268:Norseman
2260:Noorduyn
2250:Lysander
2146:16 Finch
2065:Super 71
1856:Avro 552
1708:Avro 504
1573:Canadair
1212:aircraft
1010:16 April
948:Ingenium
916:p14, p22
693:See also
458:Cold War
313:stacking
304:turbojet
295:, where
220:turbojet
2347:Rambler
2342:Courier
2326:Prefect
2168:Cornell
2156:60 Fort
2082:Cornell
1919:J-3 Cub
1914:J-2 Cub
1829:Vedette
1819:Vanessa
1731:Hampden
1171:a 1949
933:, p.118
602:Airfoil
583:Length:
485:Convair
446:Toronto
263:Genesis
196:History
85:scholar
2316:Siskin
2214:Bo 105
2141:7 Fawn
1982:Dash 8
1977:Dash 7
1824:Varuna
1545:Dash 8
1515:Global
1235:CF-103
1173:Flight
1162:Flight
1108:Flight
1095:
1080:
1052:
1037:
987:Flight
929:
914:Flight
794:
668:Range:
531:Legacy
525:Ottawa
464:, the
159:Canada
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
2370:ST-28
2365:ST-27
2321:Tutor
2311:Atlas
2191:FBA-2
2186:FBA-1
2178:Found
2128:Fleet
2097:HS-2L
2050:34-42
1886:Delta
1871:HS-3L
1844:Vista
1839:Vigil
1834:Velos
1776:FDB-1
1638:Sabre
1628:Canso
1479:Shark
1474:40H-4
1409:214ST
798:,p.33
775:Notes
607:root:
92:JSTOR
78:books
2087:FC-2
2027:DA20
1876:FC-2
1520:Q400
1337:A220
1261:Avro
1093:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1050:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1012:2019
956:2017
927:ISBN
792:ISBN
636:4 Ă—
614:tip:
462:RCAF
273:Avro
210:The
145:Type
64:news
1713:F5L
1540:850
1536:600
1429:427
1424:412
1419:407
1414:230
1404:212
989:p22
523:in
481:TWA
448:to
396:707
47:by
2443::
2077:71
2072:51
1106:,
1072:.
1003:.
979:^
946:.
877:^
842:^
821:^
783:^
612:;
546:.
1538:/
1534:/
1513:/
1504:/
1315:e
1308:t
1301:v
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
1099:.
1084:.
1056:.
1041:.
1014:.
958:.
604::
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
