215:
546:
468:
273:. His position changed with the great insult he suffered when Gaveston, as a prisoner in his custody whom he had sworn to protect, was removed and beheaded at the instigation of Lancaster. This led Pembroke into close and lifelong cooperation with the king. Later in life, however, political circumstances combined with financial difficulties would cause him problems, driving him away from the centre of power.
58:
588:
496:
Although ostracised because of the murder of
Gaveston, Thomas of Lancaster had regained virtual control of royal government in the period after England's defeat at Bannockburn. Proving himself as incapable to rule as Edward, however, he soon grew unpopular. Pembroke was one of the magnates who in the
563:
in 1914, one of the first historians to make a thorough academic study of the period, considered
Pembroke the one favourable exception in an age of small-minded and incompetent leaders. Tout wrote of a "middle party", led by Pembroke, representing a moderate position between the extremes of Edward
435:
was introduced, severely limiting Royal powers in financial matters and in the appointment of officers. Equally important, Gaveston was expelled from the realm, as Edward I had already done once before. Pembroke, who was not among the most radical of the
Ordainers, and had earlier been sympathetic
276:
Though earlier historians saw
Pembroke as the head of a "middle party", between the extremes of Lancaster and the king, the modern consensus is that he remained essentially loyal to Edward throughout most of his career. Pembroke was married twice, and left no legitimate issue, though he did have a
341:
until
January 1273, a date towards the end of this period is more likely. The later date is problematic, however, because his mother by then was in her mid-forties. With the death in battle in Wales of his remaining brother William in 1282 (John, the elder brother, was dead in 1277), Aymer found
532:
had lost all faith in him, but at the same time, he found himself marginalised at court where the
Despensers' power grew more and more complete. On top of this came his financial problems. On 23 June 1324, while on an embassy to France, he suddenly collapsed and died while lodging somewhere in
455:, seized Gaveston and executed him on 19 June. This act had the effect of garnering support for the king and marginalising the rebellious earls. As far as Pembroke was concerned, the seizing and execution of a prisoner in his custody was a breach of the most fundamental
349:
William de
Valence died in 1296, and Aymer inherited his father's French lands, but had to wait until his mother died in 1307 to succeed to the earldom. In 1320, his first wife Béatrice de Clermont died. In 1321, Aymer married his second wife
622:, Count of St Pol and Butler of France. He never had any legitimate children, but he had an illegitimate son, Henry de Valence, whose mother is unknown. Pembroke's most lasting legacy is probably through his second wife, who in 1347 founded
572:
rejects this view. In spite of misgivings with the king's favourites, Pembroke was consistently loyal to Edward. What was accomplished in 1318 was not the takeover by a "middle party", but simply a restoration of royal power.
1559:
389:, and seems to have been knighted by this time. With his French connections he was in the following years a valuable diplomat in France for the English king. In 1302 he was amongst the team of
505:
as another favourite, in much the same position as
Gaveston. Pembroke's attempts at reconciliation eventually failed, and civil war broke out in 1321. In 1322 Lancaster was defeated at the
493:, he was captured by a Jean de Lamouilly, and held for ransom in Germany. The ransom of £10,400 was to cause Pembroke significant financial difficulties for the remainder of his life.
485:
In the following years, Pembroke worked closely with the king. He was appointed the king's lieutenant in
Scotland in 1314, and was present at the disastrous English defeat at the
424:. The new king at first enjoyed the goodwill of his nobility, Valence among them. Conflict soon ensued, however, connected especially with the enormous unpopularity of Edward's
333:. Aymer was the third son of his family, so little is known of his birth and early years. He is believed to have been born some time between 1270 and 1275. As his father was on
459:
codes, and a serious affront to his honour. The event must therefore be seen as pivotal in turning his sympathies away from the rebels and towards the king.
431:. Gaveston's arrogance towards the peers, and his control over Edward, united the Baronage in opposition to the king. In 1311 the initiative known as the
1544:
1564:
1444:
1480:
196:
1123:
497:
years 1316–1318 tried to prevent civil war from breaking out between the supporters of Edward and those of
Lancaster, and he helped negotiate the
448:
1574:
1569:
444:
1367:
452:
443:, with the task of taking him into custody. This they did on 19 May 1312, but not long after Thomas of Lancaster, acting with the earls of
440:
752:
1424:
109:
1326:
1292:
1258:
214:
253:
1270 – 23 June 1324) was an Anglo-French nobleman. Though primarily active in England, he also had strong connections with the
290:
262:
1050:
501:
in Nottinghamshire in 1318, restoring Edward to power. Peace did not last long, however, as the king by now had taken on
439:
When Gaveston without permission returned from exile later the same year, a Baronial council entrusted Pembroke and the
489:, where he helped lead Edward away from the field of battle. In 1317, however, while returning from a papal embassy to
623:
282:
1549:
619:
502:
1554:
31:
1463:
529:
310:
506:
254:
257:. One of the wealthiest and most powerful men of his age, he was a central player in the conflicts between
409:
394:
119:
528:
After Boroughbridge Pembroke found himself in a difficult situation. The opponents of Hugh Despenser and
1534:
791:
518:
486:
318:
124:
1200:
1130:
1539:
603:
581:
549:
343:
314:
258:
129:
639:
627:
611:
513:, and executed. Pembroke was among the earls behind the conviction. Also in 1322, Pembroke founded
382:
338:
322:
1471:
432:
306:
302:
266:
564:
and Lancaster. This "middle party" supposedly took control of the royal government through the
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1373:
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326:
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206:
114:
95:
1487:
1416:
756:
669:
401:
228:
220:
49:
1223:
Westminster Abbey and the Plantagenets: Kingship and the Representation of Power, 1200–1400
545:
1451:
1317:
Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, 1307–1324: baronial politics in the reign of Edward II
615:
565:
510:
498:
471:
359:
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330:
278:
232:
170:
1389:
1315:
1281:
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1242:
467:
428:
270:
587:
321:, and as such gained a central position in the Kingdom of England. He had come to the
1528:
1512:
475:
408:
he won the day over Bruce in a sneak attack, only to be soundly defeated by Bruce at
1276:
602:
Aymer married twice; his first marriage, before 1295, was to Beatrice, daughter of
596:
1409:
1385:
664:
659:
635:
363:
17:
57:
1179:
703:
560:
358:
in Pembrokeshire—property spread out across England primarily in a strip from
1302:
1377:
1344:
522:
456:
425:
421:
1336:
1268:
354:. Through inheritance and marriages his lands consisted of—apart from the
342:
himself heir to the Earldom of Pembroke. He married Béatrice, daughter of
577:
553:
386:
84:
607:
534:
514:
490:
367:
334:
236:
400:
He also served as a military commander in Scotland, fighting against
375:
371:
224:
30:"Aymer de Valence" redirects here. For the Bishop of Winchester, see
436:
with the king, had now realised the necessity of exiling Gaveston.
586:
544:
466:
239:
213:
1249:
Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: a study in the reign of Edward II
576:
Aymer and his sister Agnes rented one of the old manor houses of
277:
bastard son. He is today remembered primarily through his wife
269:
appointed to restrict the power of Edward II and his favourite
1196:
317:'s half-brother through his mother's prior marriage to King
630:
side of the college arms. Aymer de Valence was buried in
1129:. London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. Archived from
686:
684:
1391:
The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History
1345:
Valence, Aymer de, eleventh earl of Pembroke (d. 1324)
1225:(New Haven 1995), pp. 118–119, 176–177; M. Prestwich,
285:, and for his splendid tomb that can still be seen in
1180:
St Pol, Mary de, countess of Pembroke (c. 1304–1377)
1560:
English people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
420:Edward I died in 1307 and was succeeded by his son
202:
192:
140:
102:
90:
78:
67:
41:
1408:
1314:
1280:
1246:
642:, elaborating on the design of the nearby tomb of
1394:. Historical series. Manchester University Press
638:can still be seen as a splendid example of late
614:. Beatrice died in 1320, and in 1321 he married
704:Valence, William de, earl of Pembroke (d. 1296)
626:. The family arms are still represented on the
1098:
1086:
568:in 1318. In his authoritative study of 1972,
8:
591:The magnificent tomb of Aymer de Valence in
1433:
793:Temple Newsam: its history and antiquities
56:
38:
1037:
1013:
1001:
941:
881:
289:. He was also an important figure in the
1166:
1154:
1110:
1074:
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989:
977:
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929:
917:
905:
893:
860:
830:
818:
806:
777:
719:
690:
197:William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke
1349:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1184:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
708:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
680:
393:appointed by Edward I to negotiate the
162: 1295; died 1320)
247:Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
218:Arms of de Valence Earls of Pembroke:
27:Anglo-French nobleman (c. 1270 – 1324)
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
478:, Wales was the original seat of the
207:Joan de Valence, countess of Pembroke
7:
82:23 June 1324 (aged 48–49)
1362:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1203:from the original on 22 August 2008
110:First War of Scottish Independence
62:19th-century depiction of Pembroke
25:
1545:Earls of Pembroke (1247 creation)
796:. A. Mann, Leeds. pp. 32–33.
397:that returned Gascony to Edward.
346:, sometime before October 1295.
1565:English people of French descent
1283:The fourteenth century 1307–1399
584:ever since; it is now a museum.
580:in Essex, which has been called
842:CPR Edward I vol 4 1301. 17, 56
261:and his nobility, particularly
179:
159:
1:
1575:14th-century English nobility
1570:13th-century English nobility
1360:Plantagenet England 1225–1360
1227:Plantagenet England 1225–1360
1197:"Pembroke College, Cambridge"
416:Ordinances and Piers Gaveston
291:Wars of Scottish Independence
263:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
250:
71:
1101:, pp. 111–112, 144–145.
1055:britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
1417:Roberts Rinehart Publishers
1321:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1287:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1051:"Milton Chantry, Gravesend"
624:Pembroke College, Cambridge
370:), and French lands in the
283:Pembroke College, Cambridge
1591:
1415:. University of Virginia:
1124:"History of Valence House"
503:Hugh Despenser the Younger
307:Hugh X, Count of La Marche
265:. Pembroke was one of the
29:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1460:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1099:Tout & Johnstone 1914
1087:Tout & Johnstone 1914
790:Wheater, William (1868).
366:, in south-east Ireland (
55:
48:
32:Aymer de Valence (bishop)
1407:Traquair, Peter (1998).
1388:; Johnstone, H. (1914).
325:through his marriage to
1229:(Oxford, 2005), p. 565.
658:Aymer was portrayed by
507:Battle of Boroughbridge
381:In 1297 he accompanied
1464:The Earl of Winchester
1253:. London: Oxford U.P.
599:
557:
482:
297:Family and early years
243:
120:Battle of Loudoun Hill
590:
548:
487:Battle of Bannockburn
470:
311:Isabella of Angoulême
301:Aymer was the son of
217:
125:Battle of Bannockburn
1199:. Pembroke College.
344:Raoul II of Clermont
259:Edward II of England
149:Béatrice de Clermont
130:Battle of Old Byland
1455:south of the Trent
1445:The Lord Monthermer
1343:Phillips, J. R. S.
1178:Jennifer C. Ward, '
1113:, pp. 136–177.
1077:, pp. 233–234.
1040:, pp. 311–312.
992:, pp. 194–197.
980:, pp. 111–116.
944:, pp. 126–129.
809:, pp. 240–242.
640:gothic architecture
612:Constable of France
606:, Lord of Nesle in
383:Edward I of England
329:, granddaughter of
323:earldom of Pembroke
1481:William de Valence
1472:Peerage of England
1356:Prestwich, Michael
1311:Phillips, J. R. S.
753:"Aymer de Valence"
662:in the 2018 movie
600:
558:
483:
303:William de Valence
255:French royal house
244:
1550:House of Lusignan
1521:
1520:
1461:Succeeded by
1369:978-0-19-922687-0
968:, pp. 36–37.
908:, pp. 12–17.
884:, pp. 67–71.
833:, pp. 23–24.
759:on 2 January 2021
702:H. W. Ridgeway, '
648:Earl of Lancaster
644:Edmund Crouchback
632:Westminster Abbey
604:Raoul de Clermont
593:Westminster Abbey
570:J. R. S. Phillips
480:earls of Pembroke
406:Battle of Methven
404:. In 1306 at the
391:plenipotentiaries
385:on a campaign to
327:Joan de Munchensi
287:Westminster Abbey
281:'s foundation of
212:
211:
115:Battle of Methven
96:Westminster Abbey
16:(Redirected from
1582:
1555:English generals
1488:Earl of Pembroke
1478:Preceded by
1442:Preceded by
1434:
1430:
1414:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1381:
1340:
1320:
1306:
1286:
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1230:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1193:
1187:
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1128:
1120:
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1078:
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1029:
1023:
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1005:
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927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
891:
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879:
873:
870:
864:
858:
852:
849:
843:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
797:
787:
781:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
755:. Archived from
749:
743:
740:
723:
717:
711:
700:
694:
688:
670:Robert the Bruce
620:Guy de Châtillon
402:Robert the Bruce
252:
183:
181:
163:
161:
103:Wars and battles
98:
73:
60:
50:Earl of Pembroke
43:Aymer de Valence
39:
21:
18:Aymer de Valence
1590:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1466:
1457:
1454:
1452:Justice in Eyre
1447:
1427:
1411:Freedom's Sword
1406:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1370:
1354:
1351:(Oxford, 2004).
1329:
1309:
1295:
1275:
1261:
1243:Maddicott, John
1241:
1238:
1233:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1186:(Oxford, 2004).
1177:
1173:
1169:, pp. 6–7.
1165:
1161:
1157:, pp. 5–6.
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1136:on 6 March 2016
1133:
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1008:
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988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
912:
904:
900:
896:, pp. 2–4.
892:
888:
880:
876:
872:Traquair p. 146
871:
867:
859:
855:
851:Traquair p. 137
850:
846:
841:
837:
829:
825:
817:
813:
805:
801:
789:
788:
784:
776:
772:
762:
760:
751:
750:
746:
741:
726:
718:
714:
710:(Oxford, 2004).
701:
697:
689:
682:
678:
656:
616:Marie de St Pol
566:Treaty of Leake
543:
511:North Yorkshire
509:in what is now
499:Treaty of Leake
472:Pembroke Castle
465:
418:
412:the next year.
395:Treaty of Paris
360:Gloucestershire
356:county palatine
352:Marie de St Pol
331:William Marshal
299:
279:Marie de St Pol
267:Lords Ordainers
188:
185:
182: 1321)
177:
173:
171:Marie de St Pol
165:
157:
153:
150:
136:
94:
83:
63:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1493:Third creation
1484:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1437:Legal offices
1432:
1431:
1426:978-1570982477
1425:
1404:
1382:
1368:
1352:
1341:
1327:
1307:
1293:
1273:
1259:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1214:
1188:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1042:
1038:Maddicott 1970
1030:
1018:
1016:, p. 191.
1014:Prestwich 2007
1006:
1004:, p. 160.
1002:Maddicott 1970
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
942:Maddicott 1970
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
882:Maddicott 1970
874:
865:
853:
844:
835:
823:
811:
799:
782:
770:
744:
742:Phillips 2004.
724:
712:
695:
679:
677:
674:
655:
652:
618:, daughter of
595:, engraved by
542:
539:
464:
461:
441:Earl of Surrey
429:Piers Gaveston
417:
414:
313:. William was
298:
295:
271:Piers Gaveston
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
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69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1587:
1576:
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1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1513:Baron Valence
1508:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1328:0-19-822359-5
1324:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1294:0-19-821712-9
1290:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1277:McKisack, May
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1260:0-19-821837-0
1256:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:Phillips 1972
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:Phillips 1972
1151:
1148:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:Phillips 1972
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:, p. 30.
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:Phillips 1972
1071:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1031:
1028:, p. 58.
1027:
1026:McKisack 1959
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
991:
990:Phillips 1972
986:
983:
979:
978:Phillips 1972
974:
971:
967:
966:Phillips 1972
962:
959:
956:, p. 28.
955:
954:McKisack 1959
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
932:, p. 32.
931:
930:Phillips 1972
926:
923:
920:, p. 30.
919:
918:Phillips 1972
914:
911:
907:
906:McKisack 1959
902:
899:
895:
894:McKisack 1959
890:
887:
883:
878:
875:
869:
866:
863:, p. 24.
862:
861:Phillips 1972
857:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
832:
831:Phillips 1972
827:
824:
821:, p. 22.
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819:Phillips 1972
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1535:1270s births
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1507:New creation
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1396:. Retrieved
1390:
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1205:. Retrieved
1191:
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1138:. Retrieved
1131:the original
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1058:. Retrieved
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785:
780:, p. 9.
773:
761:. Retrieved
757:the original
747:
722:, p. 8.
715:
707:
698:
693:, p. 2.
663:
657:
634:, where his
601:
597:Edward Blore
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527:
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419:
410:Loudoun Hill
399:
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275:
246:
245:
219:
36:
1540:1324 deaths
1398:16 November
1386:Tout, T. F.
1221:P. Binski,
665:Outlaw King
660:Sam Spruell
636:tomb effigy
517:College of
463:Later years
364:East Anglia
1529:Categories
1517:1299–1324
1496:1307–1324
1458:1320–1324
763:11 October
561:T. F. Tout
530:his father
433:Ordinances
337:with Lord
1303:489802855
1207:22 August
523:Gravesend
457:chivalric
426:favourite
422:Edward II
315:Henry III
305:, son of
141:Spouse(s)
1500:Extinct
1378:77012166
1358:(2007).
1313:(1972).
1279:(1959).
1245:(1970).
1201:Archived
1060:6 August
578:Dagenham
554:Dagenham
449:Hereford
387:Flanders
237:martlets
85:Ponthieu
1236:Sources
1140:3 March
608:Picardy
556:, Essex
535:Picardy
515:Chantry
491:Avignon
453:Arundel
445:Warwick
378:areas.
368:Wexford
335:crusade
184:
176:
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1337:426691
1335:
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1291:
1269:132766
1267:
1257:
668:about
628:dexter
541:Legacy
519:Milton
376:Calais
372:Poitou
339:Edward
225:argent
203:Mother
193:Father
91:Buried
1134:(PDF)
1127:(PDF)
676:Notes
654:Media
521:near
474:, in
240:gules
231:, an
229:azure
221:Barry
178:(
174:
158:(
154:
1421:ISBN
1400:2018
1374:OCLC
1364:ISBN
1333:OCLC
1323:ISBN
1299:OCLC
1289:ISBN
1265:OCLC
1255:ISBN
1209:2008
1142:2016
1062:2024
765:2020
610:and
451:and
374:and
319:John
309:and
233:orle
227:and
79:Died
74:1270
68:Born
1182:',
706:',
362:to
235:of
223:of
1531::
1419:.
1372:.
1347:,
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1297:.
1263:.
1053:.
727:^
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251:c.
180:m.
160:m.
72:c.
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1271:.
1211:.
1144:.
1064:.
767:.
249:(
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20:)
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