212:'s position. Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra continued to resist French dominance for a period, but the confederation's power was gradually eroded. He was succeeded by Attici ag Amellal in 1900, who eventually signed a treaty with the
230:. His leadership during a time of escalating conflict with the French helped preserve the confederation's autonomy for a period, but ultimately could not prevent the encroachment of
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L'Algérie ancienne et moderne: depuis les premiers établissements des
Carthaginois jusqu'à l'expédition du général Randon en 1853
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172:'s control over trade routes and their traditional way of life. Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra likely attempted to resist
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around 1877. He inherited a confederation facing new challenges, most notably the growing presence of
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Européens, "indigènes" et juifs en Algérie (1830-1962): représentations et réalités des populations
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The Lesser Gods of the Sahara: Social Change and
Contested Terrain Amongst the Tuareg of Algeria
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122:. His reign coincided with a period of escalating tensions and eventual conflict with
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Les
Touaregs de l'Ahaggar, Sahara algérien: parenté et résidence chez les Dag-Ghâli
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Les mythes environnementaux de la colonisation française au
Maghreb
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A pivotal event during
Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra's reign was the
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suffered a significant defeat, despite their initial resistance.
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in 1898. French forces launched a surprise attack on the
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encroachment through diplomacy and strategic maneuvering.
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196:, marking the beginning of open conflict. The
208:The defeat at Tit significantly weakened the
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16:Amenokal (chief) of the Kel Ahaggar Tuareg
164:'s desire to expand its influence in the
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313:(in French). Editions Champ Vallon.
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367:(in French). KARTHALA Editions.
106:(ruled c. 1877 – 1900) was the
307:DAVIS, Diana K. (2014-02-17).
253:MURTHY, VASUDEV (2018-01-01).
1:
361:Pandolfi, Paul (1998-01-01).
118:confederation in present-day
412:20th-century Algerian people
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259:. Jaico Publishing House.
224:Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
135:Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
104:Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
22:Aytarel ag Muhammad Biskra
157:French Colonial Expansion
147:French colonial ambitions
26:
180:The Battle of Tit (1898)
168:directly threatened the
388:Galibert, LĂ©on (1854).
334:Keenan, Jeremy (2004).
137:succeeded his father,
124:French colonial forces
280:Kateb, Kamel (2001).
340:. Psychology Press.
204:Aftermath and Legacy
394:(in French). Furne.
286:(in French). INED.
110:, or ruler, of the
130:Accession to Power
374:978-2-86537-821-0
347:978-0-7146-5410-2
320:978-2-87673-949-9
293:978-2-7332-0145-9
266:978-93-86348-80-7
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72:Attici ag Amellal
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218:Kel Ahaggar
210:Kel Ahaggar
198:Kel Ahaggar
192:capital of
190:Kel Ahaggar
170:Kel Ahaggar
112:Kel Ahaggar
58:Predecessor
33:Kel Ahaggar
406:Categories
240:References
49:Coronation
68:Successor
43:1877–1900
143:Amenokal
108:Amenokal
92:Religion
29:Amenokal
120:Algeria
86:Algeria
31:of the
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214:French
174:French
166:Sahara
162:France
116:Tuareg
141:, as
96:Islam
40:Reign
369:ISBN
342:ISBN
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288:ISBN
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78:Born
53:1877
194:Tit
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