482:, the name of the god of victory. On the reverse there is the regular late Sasanian fire-altar with two custodians. Her reason for putting her father was not due to her gender, but primarily to emphasize her legitimacy by relation to the royal Sasanian family, and most importantly to Khosrow II, who was considered the last rightful king of Iran. Azarmidokht's reason for minting coins with the image of her father was thus to restore his image and that of the Sasanian house, an attempt which was first made by Azarmidokht's sister, Boran, who did not however use an image of their father, but instead resorted to pay tribute to him by referring to him in her inscriptions. However, at the time when Azarmidokht ascended the throne, an inscription may have not been enough, thus resulting in the placement of Khosrow II's image on the obverse of the coins.
349:
455:
40:
260:
434:, the capital of the Sasanian Empire, "defeating every army of Azarmidokht that he met". He then defeated Siyavakhsh's forces at Ctesiphon and captured the city. Azarmidokht was shortly afterwards blinded and killed by Rostam, who restored Boran to the throne. After this incident the center of power for the empire possibly drifted to the northeast, which was the homeland of the
380:
nominee) to marry him. Azarmidokht, however, declined. After having his proposal declined, Farrukh
Hormizd "no longer shied away from the throne itself", declaring "Today I am the leader of the people and the pillar of the country of Iran." He started minting coins in the same fashion as a monarch,
498:("The Sasanian picture book") portrayed her as "seated, wearing a red embroidered gown and sky-blue studded trousers, grasping a battle-axe in her right hand and leaning on a sword held in her left hand." The construction of a castle at
215:
to marry her and come to power. After the queen's refusal, he declared himself an anti-king. Azarmidokht had him killed as a result of a successful plot. She was, however, killed herself shortly afterwards by
362:
When
Azarmidokht was made queen of Iran, she stated that the management of the country would be the same of her father, Khosrow II. Farrukh Hormizd, in order to strengthen his authority and create a
967:
296:, with the most powerful members of the nobility gaining full autonomy and starting to create their own government. The hostilities between the Persian (
57:
1048:
312:
swept through the western
Sasanian provinces, killing half of its population including Kavad II. He was succeeded by his about eight-year-old son
1558:
829:
1057:
332:(who was also Shahrbaraz's son). His rule proved even more brief than that of his predecessor−being deposed after less than a year by the
1563:
899:
808:
293:
1573:
1553:
490:
Islamic sources describe
Azarmidokht as an intelligent and very captivating woman. According to the 10th-century historian
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742:
282:
1568:
1226:
961:
443:
328:, who helped Boran ascend the throne. She was, however, the following year deposed and replaced with her cousin
1034:
386:
289:
reportedly criticized and scolded Kavad II for his barbaric actions, which caused him to become remorseful.
936:
923:
348:
211:, who helped Azarmidokht ascend the throne. Her rule was marked by an attempt of a nobleman and commander
821:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
454:
285:. This dealt a heavy blow to the empire, which it would never recover from. Azarmidokht and her sister
949:
1548:
1426:
1001:
329:
308:) noble-families were also resumed, which split up the wealth of the nation. A few months later, a
200:
75:
39:
895:
825:
804:
491:
419:
217:
798:
800:
The
Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia
463:
423:
309:
277:
shah of Iran, Khosrow II, who was overthrown and executed on 28 February 628 by his own son
415:) and briefly shah of Iran. With Siyavakhsh's aid, Azarmidokht had Farrukh Hormizd killed.
1446:
1061:
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44:
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ruled before and after her. Azarmidokht came to power in Iran after her cousin
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minted with the image of her father on the obverse, with the inscription
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172:
30:
1516:
1366:
1306:
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382:
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108:
316:, who was killed two years later by the distinguished Iranian general
1296:
1276:
1136:
755:
749:. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
240:, meaning "daughter of the respected one", referring to her father
220:
in retaliation for his father's death. She was succeeded by Boran.
1476:
1416:
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85:
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422:, who was at that time stationed in the northeastern region of
681:
679:
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640:
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596:
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232:
variant of her name used by scholars; her original name was
760:
International
Journal of the Society of Iranian Archaeology
438:, and was the area where Yazdegerd III, the last Sasanian
710:
708:
706:
518:
516:
514:
756:"The Last Ruling Woman of Iranshahr: Queen Azarmigduxt"
611:
609:
458:
Drachma of
Azarmidokht showing her own face to the left
569:
567:
273:Azarmidokht was the daughter of the last prominent
129:
119:
107:
95:
91:
81:
71:
63:
56:
23:
430:. In order to avenge his father, he led troops to
195:). She was the second Sasanian queen; her sister
502:is attributed to her. Her title was "the Just."
891:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
546:
180:from 630 to 631. She was the daughter of king (
558:
1042:
937:"Personal Names, Iranian iv. Parthian Period"
924:"Personal Names, Iranian iv. Sasanian Period"
157:
8:
685:
668:
656:
644:
627:
600:
585:
340:, who helped Azarmidokht ascend the throne.
486:Personality, appearance and accomplishments
47:of Azarmidokht with the bust of her father
1049:
1035:
1027:
974:
966:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
442:, ultimately fled to seek aid against the
20:
954:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 7
777:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2
743:Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir
573:
462:During her brief reign, Azarmidokht had
878:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4
726:
714:
697:
615:
522:
510:
292:The fall of Khosrow II culminated in a
959:
845:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
790:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
745:(1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.).
426:, succeeded him as the leader of the
7:
824:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
534:
158:
14:
956:. London et al. pp. 678–679.
409:, the famous military commander (
861:"WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia"
450:Coin mints and imperial ideology
38:
872:Chaumont, Marie Louise (1989).
818:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
784:Howard-Johnston, James (2010).
376:, asked Azarmidokht (who was a
246:
190:
894:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.
1:
1559:7th-century Sasanian monarchs
839:Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2005).
496:Kitāb ṣuwar molūk Banī Sāsān
294:civil war lasting four years
58:Queen of the Sasanian Empire
1531:usurpers or rival claimants
1590:
1564:7th-century queens regnant
935:Schmitt, Rüdiger (2005b).
922:Schmitt, Rüdiger (2005a).
865:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol
405:, who was the grandson of
1529:
1071:
1015:
1006:
998:
977:
255:Background and early life
37:
28:
909:Daryaee, Touraj (2009).
754:Daryaee, Touraj (2014).
747:The History of Al-Ṭabarī
1009:Queen of Queens of Iran
948:Sundermann, W. (1988).
494:, the now lost book of
31:Queen of Queens of Iran
1574:Children of Khosrow II
1554:Queens regnant in Asia
459:
418:Farrukh Hormizd's son
359:
270:
18:Sasanian queen of Iran
941:Encyclopaedia Iranica
928:Encyclopaedia Iranica
915:Encyclopaedia Iranica
797:Kia, Mehrdad (2016).
771:Gignoux, Ph. (1987).
457:
444:Arab invasion of Iran
351:
262:
228:"Azarmidokht" is the
659:, pp. 206, 210.
547:Howard-Johnston 2010
1427:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
1002:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
630:, pp. 205–206.
559:Al-Tabari 1985–2007
330:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
203:was deposed by the
201:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
76:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
1569:Women in Shahnameh
841:"Sasanian dynasty"
474:") and the winged
460:
360:
310:devastating plague
271:
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1016:Succeeded by
962:cite encyclopedia
831:978-1-84511-645-3
729:, pp. 79–80.
700:, pp. 78–80.
686:Pourshariati 2008
669:Pourshariati 2008
657:Pourshariati 2008
645:Pourshariati 2008
628:Pourshariati 2008
601:Pourshariati 2008
586:Pourshariati 2008
492:Hamza al-Isfahani
420:Rostam Farrokhzad
218:Rostam Farrokhzad
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886:Daryaee, Touraj
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867:. London et al.
858:
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853:Further reading
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357:Farrukh Hormizd
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336:faction led by
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901:978-0857716668
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880:. p. 366.
869:
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851:
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810:978-1610693912
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779:. p. 190.
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719:
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690:
688:, p. 210.
673:
661:
649:
647:, p. 205.
632:
620:
605:
603:, p. 204.
590:
588:, p. 185.
578:
563:
551:
539:
537:, p. 284.
527:
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509:
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487:
484:
470:("Increase in
468:khwarrah abzūd
451:
448:
345:
342:
256:
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249: 590–628
234:Middle Persian
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193: 590–628
146:Middle Persian
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134:Zoroastrianism
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773:"Āzarmīgduxt"
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723:
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574:Shahbazi 2005
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440:king of kings
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365:modus vivendi
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979:Azarmidokht
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864:
844:
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803:. ABC-CLIO.
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727:Daryaee 2014
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715:Daryaee 2014
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171:
163:
150:Āzarmīgdukht
149:
141:
140:
29:
15:
1520:(pretender)
1510:(pretender)
1500:(pretender)
1437:Azarmidokht
1407:Khosrow III
1310:(498/9–531)
1300:(496–498/9)
1257:Hormizd III
1207:Yazdegerd I
1177:Ardashir II
1157:Adur Narseh
911:"Shapur II"
786:"Ḵosrow II"
480:Verethragna
381:notably in
230:New Persian
164:Āzarmīdokht
154:New Persian
142:Azarmidokht
72:Predecessor
51:to the left
24:Azarmidokht
1549:631 deaths
1543:Categories
1507:Bahram VII
1467:Khosrow IV
1457:Hormizd VI
1397:Shahrbaraz
1357:Khosrow II
1337:Khosrow II
1327:Hormizd IV
1187:Shapur III
1147:Hormizd II
1127:Bahram III
1077:Ardashir I
506:References
403:Siyavakhsh
318:Shahrbaraz
283:Mardanshah
268:Khosrow II
264:Gold dinar
242:Khosrow II
186:Khosrow II
124:Khosrow II
49:Khosrow II
1497:Peroz III
1490:(632–651)
1480:(631–632)
1470:(630–636)
1460:(630–632)
1450:(630–631)
1440:(630–631)
1390:(628–630)
1370:(591–596)
1360:(591–628)
1350:(590–591)
1330:(579–590)
1320:(531–579)
1317:Khosrow I
1290:(488–496)
1280:(484–488)
1270:(459–484)
1260:(457–459)
1250:(438–457)
1240:(420–438)
1217:Shapur IV
1210:(399–420)
1200:(388–399)
1197:Bahram IV
1190:(383–388)
1180:(379–383)
1170:(309–379)
1167:Shapur II
1150:(303–309)
1140:(293–303)
1120:(274–293)
1117:Bahram II
1110:(271–274)
1100:(270–271)
1097:Hormizd I
1090:(240–270)
1080:(224–242)
1065:(224–651)
950:"Bānbišn"
888:(2014a).
432:Ctesiphon
159:آزرمیدخت
102:Ctesiphon
82:Successor
1377:Kavad II
1237:Bahram V
1107:Bahram I
1087:Shapur I
1013:630–631
535:Kia 2016
500:Asadabad
424:Khorasan
399:Mihranid
391:Nahavand
302:Parthian
279:Kavad II
275:Sasanian
173:banbishn
170:queen (
168:Sasanian
130:Religion
1517:Narsieh
1367:Vistahm
1307:Kavad I
1287:Kavad I
1267:Peroz I
1227:Khosrow
1060:of the
874:"Bōrān"
736:Sources
412:spahbed
401:dynast
383:Istakhr
353:Drachma
67:630–631
45:Drachma
1297:Jamasp
1277:Balash
1137:Narseh
1058:Rulers
989:
898:
828:
807:
436:Pahlav
428:Pahlav
378:Parsig
374:Parsig
370:Pahlav
334:Parsig
322:Pahlav
306:Pahlav
300:) and
298:Parsig
205:Parsig
166:) was
120:Father
1477:Boran
1430:(630)
1420:(630)
1417:Boran
1410:(630)
1400:(630)
1380:(628)
1340:(590)
1230:(420)
1220:(420)
1160:(309)
1130:(293)
1019:Boran
991:Died:
476:crown
472:Glory
464:coins
395:Media
344:Reign
287:Boran
197:Boran
176:) of
109:House
86:Boran
64:Reign
968:link
896:ISBN
826:ISBN
805:ISBN
766:(1).
389:and
387:Pars
372:and
224:Name
182:shah
178:Iran
96:Died
993:631
393:in
385:in
355:of
266:of
251:).
99:631
1545::
964:}}
960:{{
952:.
939:.
926:.
913:.
876:.
863:.
843:.
788:.
775:.
762:.
758:.
705:^
676:^
635:^
608:^
593:^
566:^
513:^
446:.
324:,
247:r.
236:,
191:r.
184:)
162:,
156::
152:;
148::
1050:e
1043:t
1036:v
970:)
943:.
930:.
917:.
904:.
847:.
834:.
813:.
792:.
764:1
576:.
549:.
304:(
244:(
188:(
144:(
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