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Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis

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Alan D. Borthwick. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: Synthesis, Reactions, Medicinal Chemistry, and Bioactive Natural Products. DrugMolDesign, 15 Temple Grove, London NW11 7UA, U.K. Chem. Rev., 2012, 112 (7), pp 3641–3716. DOI:
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Cara E. Humphrey, Markus Furegati, Kurt Laumen, Luigi La Vecchia, Thomas Leutert, J. Constanze D. Müller-Hartwieg, and Markus Vögtle (2007). "Optimized Synthesis of
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can be used as a methylene component as well; its condensation products with aromatic aldehydes, on reduction and hydrolysis give the corresponding amino acids.
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H.D. Dakin. Aromatic aldehyde derivatives of proteins, peptides and amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 1929, 84:675-682
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to the azlactone (not displayed) which is ring-opened with sodium acetate in methanol to dehydroamino acid
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Variants of the azlactone synthesis in which analogues of azlactones are used are sometimes advantageous.
448: 424: 257: 121: 215:[On the condensation of hippuric acid with phthalic acid anhydride and with benzaldehyde]. 152: 113: 490: 385:
A. M. Asiri. New Conjugated Systems Derived from Piperazine-2,5-dione. Molecules 2000, 5, 629-636
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Organic Syntheses Based on Name Reactions: A Practical Guide to 750 Transformations
213:"Ueber die Condensation der Hippursäure mit Phtalsäureanhydrid und mit Benzaldehyd" 133: 89: 17: 286: 244: 120:
have each been employed as the enolate-forming component of the condensation.
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In one study the Erlenmeyer amino acid synthesis was used in the heart of an
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which is able to only cleave the methyl ester of the S-enantiomer (forming (
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G. E. VandenBerg, J. B. Harrison, H. E. Carter, B. J. Magerlein (1973).
486: 459: 47: 416: 494: 455: 181:[On some derivatives of benzoyl-imido-cinnaminic acid]. 88:. This intermediate also has two acidic protons and reacts with 44: 64: 485:(the benzyl ether group is also cleaved). This compound is 92:, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate to a so-called 29:
Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis
80:derivative of glycine, cyclizes in the presence of 35:who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of 69:Azlactone chemistry: step 2 is a Perkin variation 517:untouched. The final step is amide cleavage to ( 179:"Über einige Derivate der Benzoylimidozimtsäure" 184:Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 346:(3rd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 219–220. 96:. This compound on reduction gives access to 8: 429:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 340:Richard O.C. Norman, James M. Coxon (1993). 262:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 403:-Tyrosine Suitable for Chemical Scale-Up". 313:Alfred Hassner, Irishi Namboothiri (2011). 405:Organic Process Research & Development 481:gives the N-acyl-m-tyrosine methyl ester 169: 422: 285:H. B. Gillespie, H. R. Snyder (1934). 255: 201: ; see especially pp. 1623-1624. 33:Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer 7: 25: 564:Chemical synthesis of amino acids 139: 343:Principles of Organic Synthesis 233: ; see especially pp. 3-8. 84:, condensing to give 2-phenyl- 1: 554:Heterocycle forming reactions 112:(in Bergmann modification), 580: 301:, vol. 2, p. 489 273:, vol. 5, p. 946 509:) leaving water-soluble ( 454:reacts with the N-acetyl 319:. Elsevier. p. 139. 229:10.1002/jlac.18932750102 197:10.1002/cber.18840170215 493:is brought about by an 211:Erlenmeyer, F. (1893). 549:Condensation reactions 245:"2-Phenyl-2-oxazolone" 70: 449:3-hydroxybenzaldehyde 68: 287:"dl-β-Phenylalanine" 122:2,5-Diketopiperazine 177:Plöchl, J. (1884). 153:Dakin-West reaction 39:which transform an 18:Azlactone synthesis 491:kinetic resolution 217:Annalen der Chemie 71: 58:(also known as an 37:chemical reactions 524: 417:10.1021/op700093y 398: 376:10.1021/cr200398y 299:Collected Volumes 292:Organic Syntheses 271:Collected Volumes 250:Organic Syntheses 50:to various other 16:(Redirected from 571: 533: 522: 467:acetic anhydride 441: 435: 434: 428: 420: 411:(6): 1069–1075. 396: 392: 386: 383: 377: 373: 367: 364: 358: 357: 337: 331: 330: 310: 304: 302: 295: 282: 276: 274: 267: 261: 253: 240: 234: 232: 208: 202: 200: 191:(2): 1616–1624. 174: 143: 82:acetic anhydride 21: 579: 578: 574: 573: 572: 570: 569: 568: 539: 538: 537: 536: 507:dichloromethane 442: 438: 421: 394: 393: 389: 384: 380: 374: 370: 365: 361: 354: 339: 338: 334: 327: 312: 311: 307: 297: 284: 283: 279: 269: 254: 242: 241: 237: 210: 209: 205: 176: 175: 171: 166: 158:Perkin reaction 149: 130: 106: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 577: 575: 567: 566: 561: 559:Name reactions 556: 551: 541: 540: 535: 534: 471:sodium acetate 436: 387: 378: 368: 359: 352: 332: 325: 305: 277: 235: 203: 168: 167: 165: 162: 161: 160: 155: 148: 145: 129: 126: 105: 102: 31:, named after 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 576: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 544: 532: 528: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Hydrogenation 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 457: 453: 450: 446: 440: 437: 432: 426: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 391: 388: 382: 379: 372: 369: 363: 360: 355: 353:9780748761623 349: 345: 344: 336: 333: 328: 326:9780080966304 322: 318: 317: 309: 306: 300: 294: 293: 288: 281: 278: 272: 265: 259: 252: 251: 246: 239: 236: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 207: 204: 198: 194: 190: 186: 185: 180: 173: 170: 163: 159: 156: 154: 151: 150: 146: 144: 142: 137: 135: 127: 125: 123: 119: 115: 114:thiohydantoin 111: 103: 101: 99: 98:phenylalanine 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74:Hippuric acid 67: 63: 61: 57: 53: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 530: 526: 518: 514: 510: 502: 498: 482: 474: 462: 451: 445:benzyl ether 439: 425:cite journal 408: 404: 400: 390: 381: 371: 362: 342: 335: 315: 308: 298: 290: 280: 270: 258:cite journal 248: 238: 220: 216: 206: 188: 182: 172: 138: 134:L-m-tyrosine 131: 107: 90:benzaldehyde 72: 40: 28: 26: 505:soluble in 136:synthesis 52:amino acids 543:Categories 529:-tyrosine 164:References 104:Variations 118:rhodanine 110:Hydantoin 94:azlactone 86:oxazolone 78:benzamide 60:azlactone 56:oxazolone 147:See also 487:racemic 460:glycine 223:: 1–8. 54:via an 48:glycine 495:enzyme 350:  323:  76:, the 456:amide 128:Scope 489:and 469:and 443:The 431:link 348:ISBN 321:ISBN 264:link 116:and 45:acyl 27:The 458:of 447:of 413:doi 225:doi 221:275 193:doi 62:). 545:: 521:)- 513:)- 501:)- 477:. 465:, 427:}} 423:{{ 409:11 407:. 296:; 289:. 268:; 260:}} 256:{{ 247:. 219:. 189:17 187:. 100:. 531:6 527:m 525:- 523:L 519:S 515:4 511:R 503:5 499:S 483:4 475:3 463:2 452:1 433:) 419:. 415:: 401:m 399:- 397:L 356:. 329:. 303:. 275:. 266:) 231:. 227:: 199:. 195:: 43:- 41:N 20:)

Index

Azlactone synthesis
Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer
chemical reactions
acyl
glycine
amino acids
oxazolone
azlactone
Azlactone chemistry: step 2 is a Perkin variation
Hippuric acid
benzamide
acetic anhydride
oxazolone
benzaldehyde
azlactone
phenylalanine
Hydantoin
thiohydantoin
rhodanine
2,5-Diketopiperazine
L-m-tyrosine
ErlenMeyer Amino Acid Synthesis Tyrosine
Dakin-West reaction
Perkin reaction
"Über einige Derivate der Benzoylimidozimtsäure"
Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft
doi
10.1002/cber.18840170215
"Ueber die Condensation der Hippursäure mit Phtalsäureanhydrid und mit Benzaldehyd"
doi

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