574:
73:
233:
3043:
49:
520:"With complete circumferential constriction bands, it is recommended that a two-stage correction approach be used. At the first operation, one-half of the circumference is excised and the other one-half can be excised after three to six months. This will avoid any problems to the distal circulation in the limb, which may already be compromised.
357:
moderate, severe, and amputation and by further defining the presence or absence of lymphedema or soft tissue loss distal to the ring. Expanding over subdivision in depth of the clefts for every classification is not necessary because the principles of treatment and technique for correction are the same.
516:
will be applied to the limb. A tourniquet compresses and controls local arterial and venous circulation for about two hours. The constriction band must be dissected very carefully to avoid damaging the underlying neurovasculature. When the constriction band is excised, there will be a direct closure.
356:
The most widely used classification system was proposed by
Patterson. This classification system is based on the severity of the syndrome and is useful because, the different types require different treatments. Other clinicians have amended this scheme by separating the depth of the ring into mild,
243:. The clinical manifestations can be extremely variable. It could be a single or multiple manifestation. This can be confirmed at the end of the first trimester or at the beginning of the second trimester. However, not every patient will be diagnosed at that moment; most will be diagnosed at birth.
114:
being most common. The precise configuration of the bands, lymphedema, and character of the amputations are not predictable and vary with each individual patient. Also, more than one extremity is usually affected, and it is rare for only one ring to present as an isolated malformation with no other
421:
named acrosyndactyly, the fingers (or toes) were initially separated but due to the constriction they are formed back together. Sometimes multiple fingers can be involved. The distal fusion between digits or toes never initially involves a skeletal coalition. The digits are usually hypoplastic if
396:
There are simple constriction rings which are strands most commonly around the distal extremities as fingers and toes. In general, the thumb is not likely to be affected by a constriction ring because the fetus typically holds the thumb in tight adduction flexion, making entanglement with strands
539:
is a plastic surgery technique that is used to improve the functional and cosmetic appearance of scars. It can elongate a contracted scar or rotate the scar tension line. The middle line of the Z-shaped incision (the central element) is made along the line of greatest tension or contraction, and
223:
Because of these different theories, there are many names for this syndrome. For a long time people believed the second theory about the amniotic rupture and strands. In the research cases not every child had a real (amniotic) strand. It could be that there has to be another explanation for the
246:
Individual strands are small and hard to see on ultrasound, so bands are detected indirectly because of the constrictions and swelling upon limbs or digits. Misdiagnosis is also common, so if there are any signs of amniotic bands, further detailed ultrasound tests should be done to assess the
596:
of the digits. In other instances, bands can wrap around limbs causing restriction of movement resulting in clubbed feet. In more severe cases, the bands can constrict the limb causing decreased blood supply and amputation. Amniotic bands can also sometimes attach to the face or neck causing
604:
that can be attributed to ABS is unknown, although it has been reported that it may be the cause of 178 in 10,000 miscarriages. Up to 50% of cases have other congenital anomalies including cleft lip, cleft palate, and clubfoot deformity. Hand and finger anomalies occur in up to 80%.
196:
produces many small, thin strands that can become entangled within digits and toes. Later, as the fetus grows but the bands do not, the bands become constricting. This constriction reduces blood circulation, hence causes congenital abnormalities. In some cases a complete "natural"
557:
Treatment usually occurs after birth and where plastic and reconstructive surgery is considered to treat the resulting deformity. Plastic surgery ranges from simple to complex depending on the extent of the deformity. Physical and occupational therapy may be needed long-term.
434:
One of the most severe consequence of constriction strains is probably intrauterine amputations, this is where the constriction goes as deep as the bone and cuts off the blood supply of the proximal extremity. The result will be that the developing toe or finger will become
491:
Amniotic band syndrome is considered an accidental event and it does not appear to be genetic or hereditary, so the likelihood of it occurring in another pregnancy is remote. The cause of amnion tearing is unknown and as such there are no known preventative measures.
41:
ADAM Complex, amniotic band sequence, amniotic band syndrome, amniotic disruption complex, amniochorionic mesoblastic fibrous strings, congenital amputation, constriction band syndrome, congenital constriction bands, Streeter bands, tissue bands,
3082:
2351:
2240:
2225:
250:
Decreased fetal movement could be a sign of a serious problem which may include ABS. It is rare but possible for the membrane to become wrapped around the placenta or the neck of the baby in the womb causing strangulation and death.
3075:
544:
In rare cases, if diagnosed in utero, fetal surgery may be considered to save a limb that is in danger of amputation or other deformity. This operation has been successfully performed on fetuses as young as 22 weeks.
531:
Triangular flaps: for this technique, the circumference between the two borders must be measured. Depending on the difference, the number of triangular flaps can be decided. With a triangular flap, more skin can be
2344:
3068:
439:
and fall off. Because the result is a transverse amputation that cuts off the vascular supply to the developing extremity, the actual constriction ring is not seen. This can result in different outcomes:
93:
with unknown cause. Because of the unknown cause there are many different, and sometimes incorrect names. It is a malformation due to intrauterine bands or rings that give deep grooves in, most commonly,
2337:
444:
complete resorption; this is the most common form of amputation. In this form the amputated digit is completely resorbed during intrauterine development and therefore the amputated digit can't be found.
3793:
3048:
475:
The percentage of associated anomalies varies from 40% to as high as 80% Constriction ring deformities are as common on the lower extremity as on the upper, almost all of these involve the
2036:
1924:
708:
353:
The constriction ring syndrome is a complex collection of asymmetric congenital anomalies, in which no two cases are exactly alike. This is why a classification is difficult to make.
422:
multiple digits are involved. When the constriction cuts off the blood supply to the fingers, the fingers can form a peak with the most palmar digit being the index finger. Normal
319:. CRS is the malformation due to a constriction ring around mostly a limb. ADAM complex is the association of limb defects (caused by constriction rings) and certain craniofacial
2602:
220:. An intrauterine trauma could result in hemorrhage leading to acrosyndactyly. One study also showed the presence of bands as confirmed by sonography after fetal surgery.
479:, with clubbed feet being the most common in up to 30% of reported cases. Large reported series reveal an incidence between 5% and 15% of craniofacial malformations with
2944:
3788:
397:
less likely. These malformations need to be surgically removed which must be executed in different stages and can done by different techniques (see also treatment).
3798:
3456:
3471:
3461:
1987:
561:
Prosthetics may help some people with ABS to live more functional lives. The price and complexity of these prosthetics vary dramatically, but advances in
201:
of a digit(s) or limb may occur before birth or the digit(s) or limbs may be necrotic (dead) and require surgical amputation following birth. The names
333:
of the scalp in which a longitudinal defect can vary in size and can often be associated with full-thickness skullcap loss. The distal digital or toe
883:
Weinzweig N, Barr A (1994). "Radial, ulnar and median nerve palsies caused by a congenital constriction band of the arm: single stage correction".
216:
The third theory postulates the involvement of intrauterine trauma. Intrauterine trauma could be something like amniocentesis, or something like a
3783:
597:
deformities such as cleft lip and palate. If the bands become wrapped around the head or umbilical cord it can be life-threatening for the fetus.
920:"Observations on the spontaneous amputation of the limbs of the fetus in utero with an attempt to explain the occasional cause of its production"
1808:
Gabos PG (2006). "Modified technique for the surgical treatment of congenital constriction bands of the arms and legs of infants and children".
3451:
585:
depends on the location and severity of the constricting bands. Every case is different and multiple bands may be entangled around the fetus.
2582:
2549:
782:
1601:
Hudgins RJ, Edward MS, Ousterhout DK, Golabi M (1985–1986). "Pediatric neurosurgical implications of the amniotic band disruption complex".
247:
severity. 3D ultrasound and MRI can be used for more detailed and accurate diagnosis of bands and the resulting damage/danger to the fetus.
3354:
2255:
2109:
181:
and other forms of cleft defects occurring together with ABS; this co-occurrence suggests an intrinsic defect of the blood circulation.
1515:
Coady MS, Moore MH, Wallis K (1988). "Amniotic Band
Syndrome: the association between rare facial clefts and limb ring constrictions".
549:
in
Melbourne, Australia, as well as multiple facilities in the United States, have performed successful amniotic band release surgery.
3359:
2597:
409:
and thus causing fluid retention, distal of the affected extremity. This utters itself with swollen parts distal of the constriction.
3137:
3000:
2855:
2782:
2477:
1956:
3803:
3680:
3655:
3446:
3027:
1663:
Jones K, Smith DW, Hall BD, et al. (1974). "A pattern of craniofacial and limb defects secondary to aberrant tissue bands".
426:
are not present in the distal parts. Hands with fused fingers need to be released in phases to preserve the distal blood supply.
3768:
3747:
3697:
3265:
2648:
2386:
2088:
157:
resulting in the defects. This theory is reinforced by the clinical presentation of the constriction rings with other internal
1701:
Tan P, Chiang Y (2011). "Triangular flaps: A modified technique for the correction of congenital constriction ring syndrome".
1445:
Poswillo D (1966). "Observation of fetal posture and causal mechanism of congenital deformity of palate, mandible and limbs".
2529:
2055:
110:
to the site of constriction (or amputation) is developmentally normal. CRS can be associated with other malformations with
3778:
3773:
3439:
2731:
1873:
3808:
3675:
3598:
3416:
3364:
3015:
2798:
2643:
107:
95:
1899:
3665:
3570:
3507:
2811:
1105:
Graf JL, Bealer JF, Gibbs DL, et al. (2006). "Chorioamniotic membrane separation: a potentially lethal finding".
3388:
2013:
192:
rupture. When spontaneous rupture of the amnion occurs early in the second trimester, the separation of amnion from
3512:
3502:
3393:
2922:
2695:
2431:
2377:
1743:"Surgical correction of congenital constriction band syndrome in children: Replacing Z-plasty with direct closure"
326:
3542:
3251:
3247:
3207:
3060:
2959:
2949:
2867:
2767:
500:
Surgical correction is recommended when a constriction ring results in a limb contour deformity, with or without
1311:
Temtamy SA, McKusick V (1978). "Digital and other malformations associated with congenital ring constrictions".
3608:
3529:
2485:
2266:
2093:
614:
2074:
1935:
573:
3704:
3670:
3275:
3195:
3185:
3132:
2884:
2806:
2564:
1843:
747:
3585:
3403:
3312:
3295:
3005:
2979:
2757:
2577:
2572:
2544:
2521:
2421:
1703:
476:
98:
extremities like fingers and toes. In rare cases the constriction ring can form around other parts of the
2329:
345:
are not present. The digital or toe hypoplasia-aplasia usually contains diminutive nails or nail folds".
3519:
3227:
2969:
2964:
2416:
1372:
Garza A, Cordero JF, Mulinare J (1988). "Epidemiology of the early amnion rupture spectrum of defects".
698:
593:
565:
have helped to increase the availability of artificial fingers while reducing their cost of production.
546:
198:
138:
131:
3557:
3547:
3349:
3305:
2974:
2843:
2738:
2559:
2534:
671:
480:
423:
659:
527:
For the direct closure of the defect after dissecting a constriction band there are two techniques:
153:
The first is the intrinsic theory, which was proposed by
Streeter in 1930, implicates an anomaly in
3742:
3725:
3575:
3431:
3341:
3010:
2954:
2848:
2777:
2762:
2743:
2592:
2406:
2244:
675:
653:
454:
engraftment elsewhere; the amputated digit can be, in rare cases, engrafted somewhere on the fetus.
90:
72:
1149:
Foulkes GD, Reinker K (1994). "Congenital
Constriction Band Syndrome: A seventy-Year Experience".
720:
680:
3660:
3616:
3593:
3483:
3260:
2984:
2939:
2914:
2879:
2726:
2716:
2411:
1583:
1540:
1462:
259:
103:
3493:
3411:
3381:
3322:
3300:
3117:
2889:
2861:
2821:
2816:
2751:
2625:
2426:
2401:
2369:
2306:
2277:
2191:
2156:
1825:
1772:
1720:
1680:
1618:
1575:
1532:
1497:
1427:
1389:
1354:
1290:
1273:
Van Allen MI, Curry C, Walden CE (1987). "Limb body wall complex: II Limb and spine defects".
1255:
1217:
1166:
1122:
1065:
968:
900:
862:
822:
778:
258:(also called talipes). 31.5% of clubfoot cases can be correlated with ABS, with 20% occurring
61:
845:
Ogino T, Saitou Y (1987). "Congenital constriction band syndrome and transverse deficiency".
3735:
3562:
3222:
3163:
3127:
2772:
2711:
2443:
2181:
2148:
1817:
1790:
1762:
1754:
1712:
1672:
1645:
1610:
1567:
1524:
1489:
1454:
1419:
1381:
1344:
1282:
1247:
1207:
1197:
1158:
1114:
1057:
998:
958:
927:
892:
854:
814:
714:
686:
629:
406:
3692:
3478:
3370:
3290:
2927:
2894:
2683:
2668:
2448:
1960:
704:
632:, and maternal drug exposure are predisposing factors for the constriction ring syndrome.
367:
constriction rings associated with deformity of the distal part with or without lymphedema
240:
2110:"Chris Martin performs duet with singer-songwriter: 'One of the best songs ever written'"
1385:
377:
Patterson divided the constriction ring associated with acrosyndactyly into three types:
3317:
3175:
3022:
2932:
2828:
2688:
2677:
2617:
2495:
2317:
2186:
2169:
1767:
1742:
1349:
1332:
1212:
1185:
963:
946:
734:
692:
464:
232:
2249:
2152:
1676:
818:
3762:
3256:
3096:
2904:
2874:
2607:
2490:
1953:
1649:
1571:
1528:
1493:
1238:
Van Allen MI, Curry C, Gallagher L (1987). "Limb body wall complex: I Pathogenesis".
1162:
1061:
896:
858:
665:
625:
524:, when present, will significantly improve within a few weeks of the first surgery."
330:
217:
1587:
1544:
1466:
989:
Pillay VK (1965). "Intrauterine amputations and annular limb defects in
Singapore".
3376:
3217:
2899:
2833:
1186:"Prenatal Diagnosis of Amniotic Band Syndrome in the Third Trimester using 3D Echo"
647:
562:
540:
triangular flaps are raised on opposite sides of the two ends and then transposed."
467:
and cut off the blood supply to the fetus which will result in intrauterine death.
271:
189:
178:
150:
There are three different theories to the cause of the constriction ring syndrome.
1923:'Despite setbacks, swimmer takes head-first approach to reaching Paralympic gold'
1233:
1231:
184:
The second theory postulates the involvement of an intrauterine disruption during
48:
2271:
1821:
1458:
3720:
3622:
3488:
3190:
2838:
2587:
2539:
2472:
2453:
2438:
2301:
2037:"Central Florida's Shaquill and Shaquem Griffin have three hands and NFl dreams"
635:
No positive relationship between CRS and genetic inheritance has been reported.
601:
2282:
1877:
1758:
1002:
617:
of constriction ring syndrome varies from 1/1200 and 1/15,000 live births. The
3730:
3687:
3628:
3466:
2458:
2365:
2234:
2056:"Shaquem, Shaquill Griffin shine for UCF, don't let disability hold them back"
1716:
1423:
618:
589:
521:
513:
501:
418:
334:
315:
275:
154:
66:
1035:
The
Growing Hand: Diagnosis and Management of the Upper Extremity in Children
384:
Type II: the tips of the digits are joined, but web formation is not complete
3633:
3092:
2502:
2361:
2312:
2114:
1903:
1286:
1251:
1202:
731:
seasons 1 and 3 contestant, founder of She Lift for girls with disabilities.
582:
517:
This allows the fatty tissue to naturally reposition itself under the skin.
312:
267:
185:
111:
17:
1829:
1776:
1724:
1684:
1431:
1221:
826:
309:; CRS is sometimes mislabeled as ADAM complex. ADAM is an abbreviation for
2195:
2160:
1622:
1579:
1536:
1501:
1393:
1358:
1294:
1259:
1170:
1126:
972:
904:
866:
695:, University of Wisconsin football player (2017 Cotton Bowl Offensive MVP)
3426:
2396:
1988:"For Wisconsin tight end Troy Fumagalli, amputated finger is no big deal"
1069:
536:
448:
436:
263:
255:
158:
3149:
2701:
931:
338:
193:
2217:
2170:"Congenital constriction band syndrome. Pathophysiology and treatment"
1614:
1558:
Eppley BL, David L, Li M, et al. (1998). "Amniotic band facies".
1333:"Congenital constriction band syndrome: Pathophysiology and treatment"
1118:
947:"Congenital constriction band syndrome. Pathophysiology and treatment"
381:
Type I: conjoined fingertips with well-formed webs of the proper depth
161:
and systematic anomalies. Because of these other anomalies, the names
3153:
2705:
2229:
752:
320:
919:
3537:
3284:
2664:
2635:
2468:
1972:
1048:
Moses J, Flatt AE, Cooper R (1979). "Annular constricting bands".
572:
387:
Type III: joined tips, sinus tracts between digits and absent webs
342:
231:
173:
are given to this defect/disease. This is sometimes attributed to
99:
2139:
Walter JH, Goss LR, Lazzara AT (1998). "Amniotic band syndrome".
773:
Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007).
239:
Diagnosis of constriction ring syndrome can be confirmed with an
130:
Swelling of the extremities distal to the point of constriction (
2260:
683:, a case study of a young woman born with amniotic band syndrome
123:
The constriction of appendages by amniotic bands may result in:
3064:
2333:
341:
is often confused with CRS. Constriction rings with or without
1861:
2603:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
1410:
Kawamura K, Chung KC (2009). "Constriction Band
Syndrome".
1844:"3-D Printer Brings Dexterity To Children With No Fingers"
984:
982:
577:
Amniotic band syndrome of the hand in a 26-year-old male
1636:
Van der Meulen J (1999). "The amniotic band syndrome".
1480:
Causabon J (1983). "Congenital band about the pelvis".
588:
Bands which wrap around fingers and toes can result in
471:
Malformation associated with constriction ring syndrome
447:
recovery of the digit; the digit is recovered with the
56:
An infant's hand affected by constriction ring syndrome
2014:"Model's birth defects, she says, 'gave me a purpose'"
3794:
Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
1900:"Ian T. Jamison Online Portfolio – Single Handed Art"
805:
Patterson T (1961). "Congenital ring constrictions".
463:
In extremely rare cases a strain can form around the
2207:
127:
Constriction rings around the digits, arms, and legs
3713:
3648:
3607:
3584:
3556:
3528:
3425:
3402:
3340:
3333:
3274:
3240:
3204:
3172:
3146:
3114:
3103:
2993:
2913:
2797:
2661:
2634:
2616:
2558:
2520:
2511:
2467:
2385:
2376:
2292:
2211:
60:
37:
32:
1954:http://specialneedsfamilyfun.com/family/monica.htm
1797:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2008-06-08.
2945:Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
2075:"Is the NFL next for one-handed Shaquem Griffin?"
370:constriction rings associated with acrosyndactyly
254:There is a strong relationship between ABS and
1090:Upton J (2006). "Constriction Ring Syndrome".
262:. Other abnormalities found with ABS include:
3076:
2345:
8:
755:, auto-amputation of the fifth toe in adults
405:The CRS involves strands which obstruct the
329:is often mislabeled as CRS and consists of
3337:
3111:
3083:
3069:
3061:
2517:
2382:
2352:
2338:
2330:
2208:
650:, British member Paralympics dressage team
211:amniochorionic mesoblastic fibrous strings
188:followed by a cascade of events involving
71:
47:
29:
2185:
1973:"Men's Eagles - USA Rugby National Teams"
1766:
1348:
1211:
1201:
962:
2174:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
2089:"Champion Gymnast Reveals Secret Sister"
737:, Spanish-American singer and songwriter
643:Notable people living with ABS include:
417:In this form there is a complex form of
3789:Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene
765:
707:, Miami Dolphins Football Player (2016
3799:Syndromes with cleft lip and/or palate
137:Amputation of digits, arms, and legs (
2583:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
2550:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
2141:The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery
286:The differential diagnosis includes:
7:
3355:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
2649:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
2054:Green, Shannon (September 8, 2016).
1736:
1734:
1696:
1694:
1405:
1403:
1386:10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150050079037
1326:
1324:
1322:
1306:
1304:
1275:American Journal of Medical Genetics
1240:American Journal of Medical Genetics
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1033:Gupta A, Kay SP, Scheker LR. "205".
2108:Jeffrey, Joyann (August 22, 2022).
1936:"Jean Jacques Machado - BJJ Heroes"
1741:Choulakian MY, Williams HB (2008).
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
878:
876:
840:
838:
836:
800:
798:
796:
794:
674:, 7th degree red-and-black belt in
3360:Transient tachypnea of the newborn
2598:Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy
2012:Arboleda, Cindy (11 August 2017).
1986:Temple, Jesse (November 4, 2016).
1791:"Surgeons save unborn baby's legs"
512:At the beginning of the surgery a
25:
3138:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
2856:Pain management during childbirth
2783:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
2073:Adelson, Eric (August 17, 2017).
1151:Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
296:Hypoplasias of hand, digit, thumb
3656:Vertically transmitted infection
3042:
3041:
3028:Sexual activity during pregnancy
1650:10.1097/00006534-199903000-00068
1572:10.1097/00001665-199807000-00013
1529:10.1097/00006534-199803000-00010
1494:10.1097/00006534-198301000-00027
1163:10.1097/01241398-199403000-00021
1062:10.2106/00004623-197961040-00011
897:10.1097/00006534-199411000-00022
709:AAC Defensive Player of the Year
224:development of these anomalies.
115:manifestation of this syndrome.
3748:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
3698:Group B streptococcal infection
3266:Intrauterine growth restriction
553:Reconstructions and prosthetics
3784:Cutaneous congenital anomalies
3091:Conditions originating in the
2530:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
1:
3440:Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
2732:Prelabor rupture of membranes
2153:10.1016/s1067-2516(98)80070-7
1677:10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80559-7
819:10.1016/S0007-1226(61)80002-7
621:is equal in male and female.
481:clefting of the lip or palate
102:and cause amputation or even
3599:Periventricular leukomalacia
3417:Persistent fetal circulation
3365:Meconium aspiration syndrome
3011:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2662:Maternal care related to the
2644:Gestational thrombocytopenia
1822:10.3928/01477447-20060501-10
1459:10.1177/00220345660450032301
1313:Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser
859:10.1016/0266-7681(87)90185-9
3508:Intraventricular hemorrhage
2812:Cephalopelvic disproportion
2168:Light TR, Ogden JA (1993).
1862:http://www.sophiewells.com/
1331:Light TR, Ogden JA (1993).
945:Light TR, Ogden JA (1993).
360:There are four categories:
207:amniotic disruption complex
3825:
3513:Germinal matrix hemorrhage
3503:Velamentous cord insertion
3394:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
2923:Breastfeeding difficulties
2722:Constriction ring syndrome
2696:Braxton Hicks contractions
1759:10.1177/229255030801600409
1003:10.1302/0301-620X.47B3.514
624:Fetomaternal factors like
213:are based on this theory.
167:constriction band syndrome
163:constriction ring syndrome
83:Constriction ring syndrome
33:Constriction ring syndrome
3543:Necrotizing enterocolitis
3252:Large for gestational age
3248:Small for gestational age
3036:
2960:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
2950:Pubic symphysis diastasis
1717:10.1142/s021881041100576x
1424:10.1016/j.hcl.2008.10.007
775:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
364:simple constriction rings
55:
46:
2486:Gestational hypertension
3804:Syndromes with dysmelia
3705:Neonatal conjunctivitis
3196:Single umbilical artery
3186:Umbilical cord prolapse
3133:Placental insufficiency
3106:complicating pregnancy,
2885:Umbilical cord prolapse
2807:Amniotic fluid embolism
2565:dermatoses of pregnancy
1287:10.1002/ajmg.1320280303
1252:10.1002/ajmg.1320280302
1203:10.4103/2156-7514.95436
748:List of skin conditions
717:, acrobat and aerialist
689:, US Men's Rugby Player
668:, US Paralympic swimmer
600:The number of cases of
535:Z-plasty or W-plasty: "
3769:Congenital amputations
3681:ureaplasma urealyticum
3389:Wilson–Mikity syndrome
3313:Brachial plexus injury
3001:Concomitant conditions
2980:Postpartum thyroiditis
2758:Circumvallate placenta
2578:Impetigo herpetiformis
2573:Gestational pemphigoid
2545:Hyperemesis gravidarum
2478:hypertensive disorders
727:season 17 contestant,
656:, US volleyball player
578:
477:musculoskeletal system
293:Congenital amputations
282:Differential diagnosis
236:
203:amniotic band syndrome
3629:Congenital hypertonia
3520:Anemia of prematurity
3228:Shoulder presentation
2970:Postpartum infections
2965:Postpartum depression
1952:Monica Price website
1860:Sophie Wells website
924:Dublin J Med Chem Sci
918:Montgomery W (1832).
576:
547:Monash Medical Centre
424:neurovascular bundles
327:Adams–Oliver syndrome
299:Adams–Oliver syndrome
235:
139:congenital amputation
132:congenital lymphedema
3779:Causes of amputation
3774:Congenital disorders
3634:Congenital hypotonia
3548:Meconium peritonitis
3350:Intrauterine hypoxia
3306:Subgaleal hemorrhage
2975:Postpartum psychosis
2844:Obstetrical bleeding
2739:Obstetrical bleeding
2560:Integumentary system
2535:Gestational diabetes
2514:related to pregnancy
2512:Other, predominantly
1184:Nardoza LMM (2012).
1050:J Bone Joint Surg Am
991:J Bone Joint Surg Am
777:. St. Louis: Mosby.
729:Bachelor in Paradise
672:Jean-Jacques Machado
628:, maternal illness,
311:amniotic deformity,
3809:Types of amputation
3743:Neonatal withdrawal
3726:Perinatal mortality
3576:Sclerema neonatorum
3432:hematologic disease
2955:Postpartum bleeding
2778:Placental abruption
2763:Monochorionic twins
2593:Prurigo gestationis
1638:Plast Reconstr Surg
1517:Plast Reconstr Surg
1482:Plast Reconstr Surg
1037:. pp. 185–212.
885:Plast Reconstr Surg
676:Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
175:vascular disruption
91:congenital disorder
3676:mycoplasma hominis
3661:Neonatal infection
3617:Gray baby syndrome
3594:Perinatal asphyxia
3484:Hyperbilirubinemia
3261:Postterm pregnancy
3108:labour or delivery
2985:Puerperal mastitis
2940:Breast engorgement
2727:Monoamniotic twins
2717:Chorionic hematoma
2293:External resources
1959:2020-08-09 at the
1897:Single-handed art
1190:J Clin Imaging Sci
1107:J Fetal Diagn Ther
932:10.1007/BF02967985
847:J Hand Surg Br Vol
699:Lyric Mariah Heard
579:
508:Surgical technique
459:Intrauterine death
373:uterine amputation
237:
119:Signs and symptoms
104:intrauterine death
3756:
3755:
3644:
3643:
3494:Neonatal jaundice
3412:Pneumopericardium
3382:Pneumomediastinum
3323:Klumpke paralysis
3301:Caput succedaneum
3236:
3235:
3104:Maternal factors
3058:
3057:
3016:Thyroid disorders
3006:Diabetes mellitus
2890:Uterine inversion
2822:Shoulder dystocia
2817:Obstructed labour
2793:
2792:
2657:
2656:
2626:Chorea gravidarum
2402:Ectopic pregnancy
2327:
2326:
1644:(13): 1087–1090.
1615:10.1159/000120257
1603:Pediatric Neursci
1119:10.1159/000264436
1092:J Plastic Surgery
784:978-1-4160-2999-1
407:lymphatic vessels
80:
79:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3816:
3736:Infant mortality
3571:Erythema toxicum
3563:thermoregulation
3530:Gastrointestinal
3338:
3334:Affected systems
3211:
3179:
3164:Chorioamnionitis
3157:
3128:Placenta praevia
3121:
3112:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3062:
3045:
3044:
2880:Postmature birth
2868:Placenta accreta
2773:Placenta praevia
2768:Placenta accreta
2712:Chorioamnionitis
2522:Digestive system
2518:
2444:Fetal resorption
2432:Rudimentary horn
2389:abortive outcome
2383:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2331:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2164:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2060:Orlando Sentinel
2051:
2045:
2044:
2035:Glock, Allison.
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1902:. Archived from
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1876:. Archived from
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1747:Can J Plast Surg
1738:
1729:
1728:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1609:(4–5): 232–239.
1598:
1592:
1591:
1560:J Craniofac Surg
1555:
1549:
1548:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1328:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1146:
1131:
1130:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1007:
1006:
986:
977:
976:
966:
942:
936:
935:
915:
909:
908:
880:
871:
870:
842:
831:
830:
802:
789:
788:
770:
715:Jennifer Bricker
687:Kingsley McGowan
630:low birth weight
451:during delivery.
290:Symbrachydactyly
76:
75:
51:
30:
21:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3709:
3693:Neonatal sepsis
3640:
3609:Musculoskeletal
3603:
3580:
3561:
3552:
3524:
3479:Hydrops fetalis
3430:
3421:
3398:
3371:Pleural disease
3329:
3291:Cephalohematoma
3270:
3232:
3205:
3200:
3173:
3168:
3147:
3142:
3115:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3089:
3059:
3054:
3032:
2989:
2933:Cracked nipples
2928:Low milk supply
2909:
2895:Uterine rupture
2789:
2684:Oligohydramnios
2669:amniotic cavity
2663:
2653:
2630:
2612:
2563:
2554:
2513:
2507:
2476:
2463:
2449:Molar pregnancy
2388:
2372:
2358:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2288:
2287:
2220:
2206:
2167:
2138:
2135:
2133:Further reading
2130:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2077:. Yahoo Sports.
2072:
2071:
2067:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1961:Wayback Machine
1951:
1947:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1488:(71): 120–122.
1479:
1478:
1474:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1343:(66): 143–155.
1337:Yale J Biol Med
1330:
1329:
1320:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1148:
1147:
1134:
1113:(21): 255–258.
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1010:
997:(47): 514–519.
988:
987:
980:
957:(66): 143–155.
951:Yale J Biol Med
944:
943:
939:
917:
916:
912:
882:
881:
874:
844:
843:
834:
807:Br J Plast Surg
804:
803:
792:
785:
772:
771:
767:
762:
744:
705:Shaquem Griffin
641:
611:
571:
555:
510:
498:
489:
351:
284:
241:ultrasonography
230:
177:shared between
148:
121:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3671:herpes simplex
3668:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3586:Nervous system
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3443:
3442:
3436:
3434:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3404:Cardiovascular
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:umbilical cord
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3023:Maternal death
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2919:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2829:Fetal distress
2826:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2689:Polyhydramnios
2686:
2678:amniotic fluid
2673:
2671:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2618:Nervous system
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2496:HELLP syndrome
2488:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:Pregnancy with
2380:
2374:
2373:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2274:
2263:
2252:
2237:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:Classification
2205:
2204:External links
2202:
2201:
2200:
2165:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2100:
2080:
2065:
2046:
2027:
2004:
1978:
1964:
1945:
1927:
1916:
1890:
1865:
1853:
1835:
1800:
1782:
1753:(4): 221–223.
1730:
1711:(3): 387–393.
1690:
1655:
1628:
1593:
1566:(4): 360–365.
1550:
1523:(3): 640–649.
1507:
1472:
1453:(3): 584–596.
1437:
1418:(2): 257–264.
1399:
1380:(5): 541–544.
1374:Am J Dis Child
1364:
1318:
1300:
1281:(3): 549–565.
1265:
1246:(3): 529–548.
1227:
1176:
1157:(2): 242–248.
1132:
1097:
1075:
1056:(4): 562–565.
1040:
1008:
978:
937:
910:
891:(6): 872–876.
872:
853:(3): 343–348.
832:
790:
783:
764:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
750:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:Victoria Canal
732:
718:
712:
702:
696:
693:Troy Fumagalli
690:
684:
678:
669:
663:
660:Ian T. Jamison
657:
651:
640:
637:
610:
607:
570:
567:
554:
551:
542:
541:
533:
509:
506:
497:
494:
488:
485:
473:
472:
465:umbilical cord
461:
460:
456:
455:
452:
445:
432:
431:
415:
414:
403:
402:
394:
393:
389:
388:
385:
382:
375:
374:
371:
368:
365:
350:
349:Classification
347:
304:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
283:
280:
229:
226:
171:Streeter bands
147:
144:
143:
142:
135:
128:
120:
117:
106:. The anatomy
78:
77:
64:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3821:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:Preterm birth
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3097:fetal disease
3094:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3074:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2905:Uterine atony
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Preterm birth
2873:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2608:Stretch marks
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:Pre-eclampsia
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:Pathology of
2355:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2180:(3): 143–55.
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2147:(4): 325–33.
2146:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1997:September 30,
1993:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1906:on 2013-02-19
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1880:on 2016-03-04
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1850:. 2013-06-18.
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
839:
837:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
801:
799:
797:
795:
791:
786:
780:
776:
769:
766:
759:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
736:
733:
730:
726:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
677:
673:
670:
667:
666:Anna Johannes
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:Gina Casillas
652:
649:
646:
645:
644:
638:
636:
633:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
613:The reported
608:
606:
603:
598:
595:
591:
586:
584:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
552:
550:
548:
538:
534:
530:
529:
528:
525:
523:
518:
515:
507:
505:
503:
495:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
470:
469:
468:
466:
458:
457:
453:
450:
446:
443:
442:
441:
438:
429:
428:
427:
425:
420:
413:Patterson III
412:
411:
410:
408:
400:
399:
398:
391:
390:
386:
383:
380:
379:
378:
372:
369:
366:
363:
362:
361:
358:
354:
348:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:cutis aplasia
328:
323:
322:
318:
317:
314:
308:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
287:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
248:
244:
242:
234:
227:
225:
221:
219:
218:fetal surgery
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
145:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
125:
124:
118:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
74:
68:
65:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3621:
3377:Pneumothorax
3369:
3283:
3276:Birth trauma
3218:Breech birth
3208:presentation
3206:
3174:
3148:
3116:
3047:
3040:
2900:Vasa praevia
2860:
2834:Locked twins
2750:
2721:
2700:
2676:
2422:Interstitial
2318:orthoped/561
2311:
2300:
2276:
2265:
2254:
2239:
2224:
2177:
2173:
2144:
2140:
2119:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:
2092:
2083:
2068:
2059:
2049:
2040:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1967:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1919:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:the original
1874:"Superhands"
1868:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1816:(5): 401–4.
1813:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1750:
1746:
1708:
1704:Hand Surgery
1702:
1671:(1): 90–95.
1668:
1664:
1658:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1415:
1411:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1340:
1336:
1312:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1243:
1239:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1154:
1150:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1034:
994:
990:
954:
950:
940:
923:
913:
888:
884:
850:
846:
810:
806:
774:
768:
728:
725:The Bachelor
724:
721:Sarah Herron
681:Monica Price
648:Sophie Wells
642:
634:
623:
612:
609:Epidemiology
599:
587:
580:
563:3-D printing
560:
556:
543:
526:
519:
511:
499:
490:
474:
462:
433:
416:
404:
401:Patterson II
395:
376:
359:
355:
352:
324:
310:
307:ADAM Complex
306:
305:
302:ADAM complex
285:
272:cleft palate
253:
249:
245:
238:
222:
215:
210:
206:
202:
183:
179:cleft palate
174:
170:
166:
162:
152:
149:
122:
86:
82:
81:
42:Pseudoainhum
18:ADAM complex
3721:Miscarriage
3623:muscle tone
3489:Kernicterus
3342:Respiratory
3318:Erb's palsy
3223:Asynclitism
3191:Nuchal cord
2839:Nuchal cord
2588:Linea nigra
2540:Hepatitis E
2473:proteinuria
2454:Miscarriage
2439:Embryo loss
2417:Heterotopic
2302:MedlinePlus
1848:News Online
1810:Orthopedics
1795:News Online
813:(4): 1–31.
662:, US artist
626:prematurity
602:miscarriage
594:amputations
430:Paterson IV
392:Patterson I
316:mutilations
260:bilaterally
38:Other names
3763:Categories
3731:Stillbirth
3688:Omphalitis
3649:Infections
3558:Integument
2849:Postpartum
2744:Antepartum
2459:Stillbirth
2370:puerperium
2368:, and the
2366:childbirth
2278:DiseasesDB
2121:2023-09-30
2020:August 12,
1940:BJJ Heroes
1910:2013-08-27
1884:2013-08-27
1447:J Dent Res
1315:(14): 547.
1094:: 185–213.
926:(1): 140.
760:References
619:prevalence
590:syndactyly
522:Lymphedema
514:tourniquet
502:lymphedema
487:Prevention
419:syndactyly
335:hypoplasia
276:hemangioma
199:amputation
155:germ plasm
67:Pediatrics
3457:Anti-Kell
3095:period /
3093:perinatal
2915:Puerperal
2503:Eclampsia
2407:Abdominal
2378:Pregnancy
2362:pregnancy
2313:eMedicine
2115:TODAY.com
1665:J Pediatr
1412:Hand Clin
1196:(2): 22.
615:incidence
583:prognosis
569:Prognosis
496:Treatment
313:adhesions
270:, and/or
268:cleft lip
264:clubhands
228:Diagnosis
186:pregnancy
112:club foot
62:Specialty
3427:Bleeding
3118:placenta
3049:Category
2862:placenta
2752:placenta
2412:Cervical
2397:Abortion
2094:ABC News
2041:ESPN.com
1957:Archived
1830:16729738
1777:19949501
1725:22072482
1685:12119963
1588:27543214
1545:33445284
1467:72849097
1432:19380064
1222:22616039
827:13733379
742:See also
701:US model
537:Z-plasty
532:created.
449:placenta
437:ischemic
256:clubfoot
190:amniotic
159:visceral
108:proximal
3666:rubella
3296:Chignon
3150:chorion
2702:chorion
2427:Ovarian
2272:D000652
2196:8209551
2187:2588858
2161:9710786
2016:. Yahoo
1768:2691027
1623:3039476
1580:9780931
1537:9500380
1502:6849011
1394:3358397
1359:8209551
1350:2588858
1295:2962494
1260:2962493
1213:3352605
1171:8188842
1127:9218946
973:8209551
964:2588858
905:7972438
867:3437201
639:Society
339:aplasia
205:(ABS),
194:chorion
89:) is a
3241:Growth
3154:amnion
2706:amnion
2307:001579
2261:217100
2194:
2184:
2159:
1828:
1775:
1765:
1723:
1683:
1621:
1586:
1578:
1543:
1535:
1500:
1465:
1430:
1392:
1357:
1347:
1293:
1258:
1220:
1210:
1169:
1125:
1070:374416
1068:
971:
961:
903:
865:
825:
781:
753:Ainhum
321:clefts
274:, and
209:, and
169:, and
96:distal
69:
3714:Other
3538:Ileus
3285:scalp
2994:Other
2799:Labor
2665:fetus
2636:Blood
2475:, and
2469:Edema
2283:32457
2250:762.8
2235:P02.8
1584:S2CID
1541:S2CID
1463:S2CID
343:edema
146:Cause
100:fetus
3472:Rh E
3467:Rh D
3462:Rh c
2667:and
2267:MeSH
2256:OMIM
2245:9-CM
2192:PMID
2157:PMID
2022:2017
1999:2023
1992:ESPN
1826:PMID
1773:PMID
1721:PMID
1681:PMID
1619:PMID
1576:PMID
1533:PMID
1498:PMID
1428:PMID
1390:PMID
1355:PMID
1291:PMID
1256:PMID
1218:PMID
1167:PMID
1123:PMID
1066:PMID
995:47-B
969:PMID
901:PMID
863:PMID
823:PMID
779:ISBN
581:The
3560:and
3452:ABO
3447:HDN
3429:and
2241:ICD
2226:ICD
2182:PMC
2149:doi
1818:doi
1763:PMC
1755:doi
1713:doi
1673:doi
1646:doi
1642:103
1611:doi
1568:doi
1525:doi
1521:101
1490:doi
1455:doi
1420:doi
1382:doi
1378:142
1345:PMC
1283:doi
1248:doi
1208:PMC
1198:doi
1159:doi
1115:doi
1058:doi
999:doi
959:PMC
928:doi
893:doi
855:doi
815:doi
592:or
87:CRS
3765::
3259:/
3250:/
2704:/
2471:,
2364:,
2316::
2305::
2281::
2270::
2259::
2248::
2233::
2230:10
2190:.
2178:66
2176:.
2172:.
2155:.
2145:37
2143:.
2112:.
2091:.
2058:.
2039:.
1990:.
1938:.
1846:.
1824:.
1814:29
1812:.
1793:.
1771:.
1761:.
1751:16
1749:.
1745:.
1733:^
1719:.
1709:16
1707:.
1693:^
1679:.
1669:84
1667:.
1640:.
1617:.
1607:12
1605:.
1582:.
1574:.
1562:.
1539:.
1531:.
1519:.
1496:.
1486:71
1484:.
1461:.
1451:45
1449:.
1426:.
1416:25
1414:.
1402:^
1388:.
1376:.
1353:.
1341:66
1339:.
1335:.
1321:^
1303:^
1289:.
1279:28
1277:.
1254:.
1244:28
1242:.
1230:^
1216:.
1206:.
1192:.
1188:.
1165:.
1155:14
1153:.
1135:^
1121:.
1111:12
1109:.
1078:^
1064:.
1054:61
1052:.
1011:^
993:.
981:^
967:.
955:66
953:.
949:.
922:.
899:.
889:94
887:.
875:^
861:.
851:12
849:.
835:^
821:.
811:14
809:.
793:^
723:,
504:.
483:.
278:.
266:,
165:,
3152:/
3084:e
3077:t
3070:v
2562:/
2353:e
2346:t
2339:v
2243:-
2228:-
2218:D
2198:.
2163:.
2151::
2124:.
2097:.
2062:.
2043:.
2024:.
2001:.
1975:.
1942:.
1913:.
1887:.
1832:.
1820::
1779:.
1757::
1727:.
1715::
1687:.
1675::
1652:.
1648::
1625:.
1613::
1590:.
1570::
1564:9
1547:.
1527::
1504:.
1492::
1469:.
1457::
1434:.
1422::
1396:.
1384::
1361:.
1297:.
1285::
1262:.
1250::
1224:.
1200::
1194:2
1173:.
1161::
1129:.
1117::
1072:.
1060::
1005:.
1001::
975:.
934:.
930::
907:.
895::
869:.
857::
829:.
817::
787:.
711:)
337:-
325:"
141:)
134:)
85:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
