948:, and a further 250 were infected. As of early January 2014, Texas health officials have confirmed at least thirty-three H1N1 deaths and widespread outbreak during the 2013/2014 flu season, while twenty-one more deaths have been reported across the US. Nine people have been reported dead from an outbreak in several Canadian cities, and Mexico reports outbreaks resulting in at least one death. Spanish health authorities have confirmed 35 H1N1 cases in the Aragon region, 18 of whom are in intensive care. On 17 March 2014, three cases were confirmed with a possible fourth awaiting results occurring at the
686:
66:
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by World Health
Organization (WHO) more than 214 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including over 18,138 deaths. The research team of Andrew Miller showed pregnant patients are at increased risk. It has been suggested that pregnant women and certain populations such as native North Americans have a greater likelihood of developing a
809:
53:
859:(M) genes resembled versions present in European swine flu isolates. The six genes from American swine flu are themselves mixtures of swine flu, bird flu, and human flu viruses. While viruses with this genetic makeup had not previously been found to be circulating in humans or pigs, there is no formal national surveillance system to determine what viruses are circulating in pigs in the U.S.
226:
4906:
762:, New Jersey. The virus was detected only from 19 January to 9 February and did not spread beyond Fort Dix. Retrospective serologic testing subsequently demonstrated that up to 230 soldiers had been infected with the novel virus, which was an H1N1 strain. The cause of the outbreak is still unknown and no exposure to pigs was identified.
1136:(ECDC) and the US CDC stated that, like all flu viruses with pandemic potential, the variant is a concern that will be monitored. The ECDC stated that "the most important intervention in preparing for the pandemic potential of influenza viruses is the development and use of human vaccines ...". Health officials (including
784:. It infected mostly children and young adults under 23; because a similar strain was prevalent in 1947β57, most adults had substantial immunity. Later analysis found that the re-emergent strain had been circulating for approximately one year before it was detected in China and Russia. The virus was included in the 1978β79
2458:
915:, surmised as a leading cause of death in this pandemic. The study authors suggest physician evaluation via contrast enhanced CT scans for the presence of pulmonary emboli when caring for patients diagnosed with respiratory complications from a "severe" case of the H1N1 flu. H1N1 may induce other embolic events, such as
3472:
943:
On 26 April 2011, an H1N1 pandemic preparedness alert was issued by the World Health
Organization for the Americas. In August 2011, according to the U.S. Geological Survey and the CDC, northern sea otters off the coast of Washington state were infected with the same version of the H1N1 flu virus that
931:
The 21 March 2010 worldwide update, by the U.N.'s World Health
Organization (WHO), states that "213 countries and overseas territories/communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 16,931 deaths." As of 30 May 2010, worldwide update
1124:
between 2011 and 2018. While other variants of the virus have appeared and diminished, the study claimed the G4 variant had sharply increased since 2016 to become the predominant strain. The
Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs rebutted the study, saying that the number of pigs sampled
1193:
Since 1 October 2008, the CDC has tested 1,146 seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses for resistance against oseltamivir and zanamivir. It was found that 99.6% of the samples were resistant to oseltamivir while none were resistant to zanamivir. After 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) virus samples were tested,
875:
States and Mexico". The disease then spread very rapidly, with the number of confirmed cases rising to 2,099 by 7 May, despite aggressive measures taken by the
Mexican government to curb the spread of the disease. The outbreak had been predicted a year earlier by noticing the increasing number of
874:
database. With similar timely sharing of data for
Mexican isolates, by 24 April it became clear that the outbreak of ILI in Mexico and the confirmed cases of novel influenza A in the southwest US were related and WHO issued a health advisory on the outbreak of "influenza-like illness in the United
728:
migration towards the lungs, resulting in the destruction of lung cells and secretion of blood and mucus into the alveoli and airways. This makes it difficult for the patient to breathe and can result in suffocation. In contrast to other pandemics, which mostly kill the old and the very young, the
631:
Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called
1163:
recommends that those who are pregnant be vaccinated to prevent the influenza virus. The vaccination should not be taken by people who have had a severe allergic reaction to the influenza vaccination. Those who are moderately to severely ill, with or without a fever should wait until they recover
4066:
H1N1 Flu, 2009: Hearings before the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, of the One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session: 29 April 2009, Coordinating the Federal Response; 21 September 2009, Protecting Our Community: Field Hearing in Hartford, CT; 21
627:
Swine influenza (also known as swine flu or pig flu) is a respiratory disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the
Influenza A virus. Influenza viruses that are normally found in swine are known as swine influenza viruses (SIVs). The three main subtypes of SIV that circulate globally are
1125:
was too small to demonstrate G4 had become the dominant strain and that the media had interpreted the study "in an exaggerated and nonfactual way". They also said the infected workers "did not show flu symptoms and the test sample is not representative of the pig population in China".
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827:
isolated from patients in the United States was found to be made up of genetic elements from four different flu viruses β North
American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe β "an unusually
3464:
1194:
only 4% (of 853 samples) showed resistance to oseltamivir (again, no samples showed resistance to zanamivir). A study conducted in Japan during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic concluded that infants exposed to either oseltamivir or zanamivir had no short term adverse effects. Both
1116:
since 2011. The
Chinese CDC said it had implemented an influenza surveillance program in 2010, analyzing more than 400,000 tests annually, to facilitate early identification of influenza. Of those, 13 A(H1N1) cases were detected, of which three were of the G4 variant.
1101:) stated that "G4 EA H1N1 viruses possess all the essential hallmarks of being highly adapted to infect humans ... Controlling the prevailing G4 EA H1N1 viruses in pigs and close monitoring of swine working populations should be promptly implemented."
1140:) have said that the virus should be monitored, particularly among those in close contact with pigs, but it is not an immediate threat. While there have been no reported cases or evidence of the virus outside China as of July 2020,
1158:
Pregnant women who contract the H1N1 infection are at greater risk of developing complications because of hormonal changes, physical changes and changes to their immune system to accommodate the growing fetus. For this reason the
927:
of infrarenal aorta, thrombosis of right external iliac vein and common femoral vein or cerebral gas embolism. The type of embolic events caused by H1N1 infection are summarized in a 2010 review by Dimitroulis Ioannis et al.
3720:
591:
from a different strain and thus evolve to acquire new characteristics, enabling it to evade host immunity and occasionally to jump from one species of host to another. Major outbreaks of H1N1 strains in humans include the
990:
Maldives reported swine flu in early 2017; 501 people were tested for the disease and 185 (37%) of those tested were positive for the disease. Four of those who tested positive from these 185 died due to this disease.
1790:
Cheung CY, Poon LL, Lau AS, et al. (December 2002). "Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease?".
902:. The President's declaration caused many U.S. employers to take actions to help stem the spread of the swine flu and to accommodate employees and / or workflow which may have been impacted by an outbreak.
1051:
An outbreak of swine flu in the European Union member state was reported in mid-January 2019, with the island's main state hospital overcrowded within a week, with more than 30 cases being treated.
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has included one strain of A/H1N1 as well as two other influenza strains - together representing strains thought most likely to cause significant human suffering in the coming season.
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or a variant virus. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. Properly cooking the meat of an infected animal removes the risk of infection.
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3824:
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3185:
997:
Schools were closed for a week due to the disease, but were ordered by the Ministry of Education to open after the holidays even though the disease was not fully under control.
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Saito, S; Minakami, H; Nakai, A; Unno, N; Kubo, T; Yoshimura, Y (August 2013). "Outcomes of infants exposed to oseltamivir or zanamivir in utero during pandemic (H1N1) 2009".
2956:
2056:
Nakajima, Katsuhisa; Desselberger, Ulrich; Palese, Peter (July 1978). "Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950".
729:
1918 pandemic killed unusual numbers of young adults, which may have been due to their healthy immune systems mounting a too-strong and damaging response to the infection.
1133:
2297:
1178:
Pregnant women who become infected with the influenza are advised to contact their doctor immediately. Influenza can be treated with prescription antiviral medications.
608:
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1982:
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With more than 300 infections and over 20 deaths, India's health ministry declared an outbreak "well under control" with "no reason to panic" in April 2012.
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524:
3341:
3245:
2214:
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caused the 2009 pandemic and "may be a newly identified animal host of influenza viruses". In May 2013, seventeen people died during an H1N1 outbreak in
867:
2034:
3008:
2008:
4772:
2583:
438:
3509:
2904:
2166:
2109:"The Re-Emergence of H1N1 Influenza Virus in 1977: A Cautionary Tale for Estimating Divergence Times Using Biologically Unrealistic Sampling Dates"
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3653:
1009:
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A(H1N1), A(H1N2), and A(H3N2). These subtypes are well adapted to pigs and are different from human influenza viruses of the same subtype.
3635:"The swine flu virus is not a new virus and does not very spread and is pathogenic to humans and animals [translated from Chinese]"
3428:
2527:
One company, Replikins, actually predicted over a year ago that significant outbreaks of the H1N1 flu virus would occur within 6β12 months.
2514:
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to provide help to control the virus; and also mentioned that the government would be seeking international assistance, including from the
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448:
308:
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905:
A study conducted in coordination with the University of Michigan Health Service β scheduled for publication in the December 2009
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65:
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4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus that mainly affects pigs, but there is some evidence of it infecting people. A 2020
517:
291:
2874:
674:, which killed from 17 to 50 or more million people worldwide over about a year in 1918 and 1920. It was one of the deadliest
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showed clinical signs of flu within four days, and the virus spread to other uninfected pigs housed with the infected ones.
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1132:(CDC) said the study suggested that human infection by the G4 virus is more common than it was thought to be. Both the
458:
4414:
3538:"Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection"
607:
Each year, three influenza strains are chosen for inclusion in the forthcoming year's seasonal flu vaccination by the
433:
4327:
4322:
3363:
1499:
4974:
4960:
3267:
1147:
1113:
510:
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1974:
604:, all of which were caused by strains of A(H1N1) virus which are believed to have undergone genetic reassortment.
4857:
4472:
4067:
October 2009, Monitoring the Nation's Response; 17 November 2009, Getting the Vaccine to Where It is Most Needed.
3685:
Cohen, Jon (29 June 2020). "Swine flu strain with human pandemic potential increasingly found in pigs in China".
1506:
1420:
1105:
1013:
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country where the press were printing reports of the outbreak, which had killed thousands in the armies fighting
612:
580:
2978:
576:" designates an IAV subtype that has a type-1 hemagglutinin (H) protein and a type-1 neuraminidase (N) protein.
3331:
3237:
2210:
890:
declared an H1N1 pandemic, moving the alert level to phase 6, marking the first global pandemic since the 1968
2030:
758:
In 1976, a novel swine influenza A (H1N1) caused severe respiratory illness in 13 soldiers, with one death at
1067:
In November 2019 an outbreak of H1N1 was recorded in Iran, with 56 fatalities and 4,000 people hospitalized.
4814:
4700:
4670:
4665:
4559:
4364:
4086:
3215:
2004:
1187:
824:
797:
753:
685:
601:
428:
408:
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1008:
reported H1N1 in late July 2017. As of 27 July, there were 30 confirmed cases and six people had died. The
994:
The total number of people who have died due to the disease is unknown. Patient Zero was never identified.
383:
4922:
4873:
4477:
4445:
4380:
3501:
1190:(antiviral medications) recommended. They are most effective when taken within two days of becoming sick.
863:
803:
549:
491:
481:
204:
31:
2896:
2174:
1035:, with deaths resulting from the epidemic reaching 42. There have also been confirmed cases in cities of
4455:
3368:
2594:
916:
2395:
982:, 31,974 cases of swine flu had been reported and 1,895 people had died from an outbreak by mid-March.
3955:
2768:
4465:
3634:
3549:
3438:
2934:
2120:
2065:
1746:
1689:
1593:
1150:, but because it "so far cannot jump from person to person", it should not be a cause for alarm yet.
1142:
759:
60:
1735:"Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus"
4525:
4409:
4126:
2589:
1173:
1121:
924:
321:
2839:
2196:
1294:
4657:
4599:
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4346:
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2089:
1865:
1816:
1715:
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912:
899:
553:
486:
376:
333:
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reported seven cases of novel A/H1N1 influenza and promptly shared the genetic sequences on the
693:
Carnegie Library during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918, all garbed in uniforms and face masks.
3298:
1678:"Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus"
587:
genome. Under rare circumstances, one strain of the virus can acquire genetic material through
4680:
4609:
4167:
4121:
4002:
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3607:
3585:
3567:
3159:
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2651:
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1956:
1893:
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1401:
1352:
1263:
820:
785:
640:
545:
284:
176:
162:
3502:"CDC takes action to prepare against 'G4' swine flu viruses in China with pandemic potential"
2584:"The Arrival of H1N1 Influenza: Legal Considerations and Practical Suggestions for Employers"
2236:
1059:
In January 2019 an outbreak of H1N1 was recorded in Morocco, with nine confirmed fatalities.
4822:
4767:
4757:
4695:
4359:
4182:
4177:
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3867:
3859:
3690:
3575:
3557:
3149:
3139:
2811:
2803:
2641:
2633:
2432:
2321:"Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children β Southern California, MarchβApril 2009"
2138:
2128:
2073:
1946:
1938:
1847:
1800:
1762:
1754:
1697:
1648:
1638:
1510:
1391:
1383:
1342:
1332:
1210:(malformations and toxic effects on the embryo) when given at high doses in animal studies.
1080:
851:(HA) gene was similar to that of swine flu viruses present in U.S. pigs since 1999, but the
829:
777:
771:
667:
597:
403:
259:
254:
150:
1079:, also known as the "G4 swine flu virus" (G4) and "G4 EA H1N1", is a swine influenza virus
225:
4795:
4779:
1537:
841:
837:
813:
705:
671:
561:
557:
264:
242:
138:
126:
114:
2320:
1112:, stated in July 2020 that this strain of influenza virus was not new and had been under
3553:
2124:
2069:
1750:
1693:
697:
The 1918 flu caused an abnormally high number of deaths, possibly due to it provoking a
4910:
4534:
4141:
3925:
3872:
3847:
3580:
3537:
3401:
3154:
3127:
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2738:
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2621:
2488:
2373:
2143:
2108:
1951:
1926:
1767:
1734:
1653:
1624:
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1371:
1347:
1320:
1017:
856:
698:
690:
569:
2708:
1804:
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4827:
4690:
3702:
3336:
3068:
1883:
1476:
1137:
891:
852:
713:
398:
102:
2870:
1820:
808:
52:
4837:
4460:
4136:
3788:
2093:
1869:
1719:
895:
833:
588:
3604:"Recently publicized swine flu not new, under surveillance since 2011: WHO expert"
2682:
2543:
2133:
1887:
4954:
4842:
4569:
4564:
4552:
4354:
1981:. Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy, University of Minnesota.
1257:
1231:"Influenza A Subtypes and the Species Affected | Seasonal Influenza (Flu) | CDC"
1230:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1179:
1088:
741:
709:
663:
657:
593:
388:
353:
343:
338:
35:
3998:
3903:
2396:"Viral gene sequences to assist update diagnostics for swine influenza A(H1N1)"
4800:
4718:
4594:
4547:
4542:
4146:
3863:
3433:
2622:"Imaging Findings in a Fatal Case of Pandemic Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1)"
1446:
1195:
1036:
476:
358:
328:
4945:
3571:
3208:"Breaking: Swine flu gai Ithuru meehaku maruve, ithuru bayaku positive vejje"
3144:
744:(1914β1918). Other countries suppressed the news in order to protect morale.
4852:
4847:
4627:
4586:
4579:
4574:
4102:
3694:
3562:
3099:
1183:
945:
876:
725:
584:
363:
348:
296:
235:
217:
90:
4006:
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3589:
3163:
2825:
2655:
2336:
2152:
1960:
1942:
1861:
1812:
1776:
1711:
1662:
1405:
1356:
1267:
2807:
2436:
639:
Pigs experimentally infected with the strain of swine flu that caused the
4939:
2085:
1643:
1337:
1084:
1028:
933:
717:
675:
633:
421:
2637:
1758:
1702:
1677:
1625:"Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic"
1387:
30:
For the H1N1/09 virus strain responsible for the 2009 flu pandemic, see
4762:
3303:
2427:
Butler, Declan (27 April 2009). "Swine flu outbreak sweeps the globe".
1515:
1500:
WHO report on global surveillance of epidemic-prone infectious diseases
1256:
Jilani TN, Jamil RT, Siddiqui AH (30 November 2020). "H1N1 Influenza".
1005:
953:
880:
679:
565:
4905:
3717:"China says G4 swine flu virus not new; does not infect humans easily"
4632:
2077:
1889:
The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History
1146:
reported in July 2020 that scientists agree that the virus should be
1040:
1032:
871:
832:
mix of genetic sequences." This new strain appears to be a result of
737:
17:
4916:
4065:
3817:"New Swine flu strain with pandemic potential isn't cause for alarm"
3753:. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 13 July 2020.
3659:. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 13 July 2020.
3637:. Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. 2020.
1852:
1835:
936:
type 2 response to H1N1 influenza which may be responsible for the
4832:
733:
77:
3207:
1120:
The study stated that almost 30,000 swine had been monitored via
712:
infected lung cells, it frequently led to overstimulation of the
4056:
Database of influenza genomic sequences and related information.
721:
702:
4920:
4075:
3784:"4 reasons not to worry about that 'new' swine flu in the news"
3299:"Myanmar tracks spread of H1N1 as outbreak claims sixth victim"
2319:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (April 2009).
4059:
3397:"Swine flu outbreak at Mater Dei hospital, St Vincent de Paul"
1321:"Evolution of Influenza A Virus by Mutation and Re-Assortment"
920:
887:
708:, also an Influenza A virus, has a similar effect.) After the
2620:
Mollura DJ, Asnis DS, Crupi RS, et al. (December 2009).
1594:"1918 Pandemic (H1N1 virus) | Pandemic Influenza (Flu) | CDC"
1421:"Genetics of the Influenza Virus | Learn Science at Scitable"
4071:
2360:
2358:
1564:"Humans May Give Swine Flu To Pigs In New Twist To Pandemic"
866:(ILI) occurred in Mexico and then in the United States; the
2873:. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
2671:"H1N1 infection and embolic events. A multifaceted disease"
1473:"Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)"
3956:"2008β2009 Influenza Season Week 32 ending 15 August 2009"
2372:. World Health Organization. 24 April 2009. Archived from
1733:
Kash JC, Tumpey TM, Proll SC, et al. (October 2006).
1676:
Kobasa D, Jones SM, Shinya K, et al. (January 2007).
1925:
Gaydos JC, Top FH, Hodder RA, Russell PK (January 2006).
1542:
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
564:). Subtypes of IAV are defined by the combination of the
3178:"Makeshift flu clinics swamped as H1N1 cases rise to 82"
3009:"Aumentan a 35 los hospitalizados por gripe A en AragΓ³n"
2737:. World Health Organization. 4 June 2010. Archived from
2457:. Epidemiological Alerts Vol. 6, No. 15. 29 April 2009.
2366:"Influenza-like illness in the United States and Mexico"
1927:"Swine influenza a outbreak, Fort Dix, New Jersey, 1976"
1319:
Shao W, Li X, Goraya MU, Wang S, Chen JL (August 2017).
844:
viruses, in all four different strains of subtype H1N1.
720:(proteins that transmit signals between cells) into the
4053:
2487:. World Health Organization. 7 May 2009. Archived from
2267:"Deadly new flu virus in US and Mexico may go pandemic"
4894:
3748:"Eurasian avian-like A(H1N1) swine influenza viruses"
3654:"Eurasian avian-like A(H1N1) swine influenza viruses"
3128:"The 2015 influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 outbreak in India"
1498:
Anker M, Schaaf D, World Health Organization (2000).
1372:"At the centre: influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins"
3395:
Caruana, Claire; Xuereb, Matthew (18 January 2019).
2451:"Influenza cases by a new sub-type: Regional Update"
1031:
reported H1N1 cases mostly arising from the city of
847:
Preliminary genetic characterization found that the
4929:
4866:
4813:
4788:
4750:
4743:
4709:
4656:
4645:
4608:
4533:
4524:
4504:
4495:
4438:
4402:
4393:
4373:
4345:
4336:
4191:
4155:
4109:
3467:[Learn about the flu and how to treat it].
2669:Dimitroulis I, Katsaras M, Toumbis (October 2010).
3536:Sun H, Xiao Y, Liu J, et al. (29 June 2020).
1134:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
556:(flu). Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (
3848:"Influenza A H1N1 2009 (Swine Flu) and Pregnancy"
3364:"Toll rises to 42 as 3 more succumb to swine flu"
1623:P. Spreeuwenberg; et al. (1 December 2018).
1538:"Factsheet on swine influenza in humans and pigs"
1370:Eisfeld AJ, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y (January 2015).
609:Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System
3926:"What You Should Know About Flu Antiviral Drugs"
2897:"H1N1 flu outbreak kills 17 in Venezuela: media"
2294:"Experts concerned about potential flu pandemic"
2211:"Pandemic Influenza: Recent Pandemic Flu Scares"
34:. For the 1918 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, see
3542:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2558:"Obama declares swine flu a national emergency"
1094:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3852:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
2927:"North Texas confirmed 20 flu deaths β Xinhua"
2511:"Efforts To Quickly Develop Swine Flu Vaccine"
548:(IAV). Some human-adapted strains of H1N1 are
4087:
3987:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
3629:
3627:
3625:
518:
8:
2761:"H1N1 Pandemic Flu Hits Pregnant Women Hard"
2401:. World Health Organization. 15 April 2009.
1083:discovered in China. The virus is a variant
3332:"Myanmar Asks WHO to Help Fight H1N1 Virus"
2979:"Un muerto en Coahuila por influenza AH1N1"
2707:. World Health Organization. Archived from
2031:"New Strain May Edge Out Seasonal Flu Bugs"
1475:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1325:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
716:via release of immune response-stimulating
4917:
4747:
4653:
4530:
4501:
4399:
4342:
4094:
4080:
4072:
4060:Centers For Disease Control and Prevention
3960:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3930:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3900:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3531:
3529:
3527:
3506:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
2705:"Situation updates β Pandemic (H1N1) 2009"
1451:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1299:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1235:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1161:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1130:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
732:The term "Spanish" flu was coined because
525:
511:
213:
51:
42:
3871:
3777:
3775:
3579:
3561:
3465:"Ψ’ΩΩΩΩΨ§ΩΨ²Ψ§ Ω Ψ±Ψ§ΩβΩΨ§Ϋ Ψ―Ψ±Ω
Ψ§Ω Ψ’Ω Ψ±Ψ§ Ψ¨Ψ΄ΩΨ§Ψ³ΫΨ―"
3153:
3143:
2815:
2645:
2142:
2132:
1950:
1851:
1766:
1701:
1652:
1642:
1514:
1395:
1346:
1336:
3606:. Xinhuanet. 2 July 2020. Archived from
2949:"9 deaths caused by H1N1 flu in Alberta"
2005:"Origin of current influenza H1N1 virus"
1104:Michael Ryan, executive director of the
807:
684:
4901:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3429:"Swine flu outbreak kills 9 in Morocco"
3297:Lone, Wa; Lewis, Simon (27 July 2017).
2455:Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1219:
1012:of Myanmar sent an official request to
940:that causes pulmonary edema and death.
938:systemic inflammatory response syndrome
216:
3896:"Key Facts about Seasonal Flu Vaccine"
3039:"Three cases of H1N1 reported at CAMH"
2247:from the original on 27 September 2006
950:Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
4884:US influenza statistics by flu season
3311:from the original on 11 December 2018
3126:Murhekar M, Mehendale S (June 2016).
3095:"Swine flu toll inches towards 1,900"
2461:from the original on 1 September 2017
2241:State of Alaska Epidemiology Bulletin
1526:from the original on 31 October 2022.
894:. On 25 October 2009, U.S. President
7:
4025:Sarasota Memorial Health Care System
3936:from the original on 23 January 2014
3475:from the original on 3 December 2019
3376:from the original on 25 January 2018
3268:"Schools to open after flu outbreak"
3019:from the original on 12 January 2014
2601:from the original on 15 October 2011
2564:from the original on 29 October 2009
2037:from the original on 26 January 2012
2011:from the original on 12 January 2012
1985:from the original on 27 October 2011
1574:from the original on 26 January 2021
1225:
1223:
3445:from the original on 16 August 2019
3409:from the original on 16 August 2019
3344:from the original on 28 August 2019
2989:from the original on 7 January 2014
2869:Rogall, Gail Moede (8 April 2014).
2731:"Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 β update 103"
2343:from the original on 1 October 2009
666:was an unusually severe and deadly
4879:2017β2018 United States flu season
3278:from the original on 26 March 2017
3248:from the original on 26 March 2017
3218:from the original on 25 March 2017
3188:from the original on 24 March 2017
3049:from the original on 30 March 2019
2907:from the original on 30 March 2019
2877:from the original on 13 April 2014
2850:from the original on 29 April 2011
2408:from the original on 7 August 2017
2273:from the original on 29 April 2009
2195:. 20 February 1978. Archived from
1906:from the original on 3 August 2020
1604:from the original on 27 March 2020
1274:from the original on 12 March 2020
25:
4618:Live attenuated influenza vaccine
3827:from the original on 11 July 2020
3782:Garcia de Jesus E (2 July 2020).
3760:from the original on 19 July 2020
3666:from the original on 19 July 2020
3641:from the original on 20 July 2020
3075:from the original on 20 July 2020
3069:"India swine flu 'under control'"
2871:"Sea Otters Can Get the Flu, Too"
2517:from the original on 31 July 2009
2300:from the original on 2 April 2019
2237:"Russian flu confirmed in Alaska"
2217:from the original on 24 June 2017
2167:"Interactive health timeline box
911:β warned that H1N1 flu can cause
908:American Journal of Roentgenology
4904:
3966:from the original on 9 July 2017
3796:from the original on 2 July 2020
3723:from the original on 4 July 2020
3512:from the original on 3 July 2020
3238:"H1N1 death toll rises to three"
2959:from the original on 19 May 2020
2840:"WHO Issues H1N1 Pandemic Alert"
2269:. New Scientist. 26 April 2009.
1836:"Influenza: old and new threats"
1630:American Journal of Epidemiology
724:tissue. This leads to extensive
454:2015 United States H5N2 outbreak
224:
64:
3846:Boon, Lim (23 September 2011).
3330:Htet Naing Zaw (27 July 2017).
3103:. 19 March 2015. Archived from
2540:"H1N1 Pandemic β It's Official"
2481:"Influenza A(H1N1) β update 19"
2007:. virology blog. 2 March 2009.
1020:, China and the United States.
689:Soldiers march in front of the
552:in humans and are one cause of
46:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
4998:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
4931:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
2542:. 11 June 2009. Archived from
2513:. Science Daily. 4 June 2009.
1975:"Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza"
974:2015 Indian swine flu outbreak
862:In April 2009, an outbreak of
538:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
190:Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
1:
4676:Russian flu (1889–1890)
2790:McAlister VC (October 2009).
2767:. 24 May 2010. Archived from
2292:Susan Watts (25 April 2009).
1805:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11772-7
1447:"Seasonal Flu Vaccines | CDC"
1010:Ministry of Health and Sports
782:Influenza A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1)
2325:MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep
2134:10.1371/journal.pone.0011184
1376:Nature Reviews. Microbiology
1259:H1N1 Influenza in StatPearls
579:All subtypes of IAV share a
27:Subtype of Influenza A virus
4054:Influenza Research Database
3071:. BBC News. 12 April 2012.
2189:"Invasion from the Steppes"
2107:Wertheim, Joel. O. (2010).
898:officially declared H1N1 a
309:Seasonal flu vaccine brands
5014:
4451:Transmission and infection
3999:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.04.007
3815:Machemer T (6 July 2020).
2560:. The Daily Herald. 2009.
1834:Palese P (December 2004).
1519:. WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/2000.1.
1427:. Nature Education 1(1):83
1295:"Influenza Type A Viruses"
1171:
1110:Health Emergencies Program
971:
812:Illustration of influenza
801:
795:
769:
751:
655:
444:2007 Bernard Matthews H5N1
29:
4731:Central Luzon H5N6 (2017)
4671:Influenza pandemic (1557)
4666:Influenza pandemic (1510)
3864:10.1007/s13224-011-0055-2
2681:(3): 7β13. Archived from
1507:World Health Organization
1182:(trade name Tamiflu) and
1106:World Health Organization
1024:2017β18 Pakistan outbreak
778:1977 Russian flu pandemic
736:was at the time the only
641:human pandemic of 2009β10
615:(WHO). Since 1999, every
613:World Health Organization
598:1977 Russian flu pandemic
594:1918 Spanish flu pandemic
201:
196:
59:
50:
45:
4773:2007 Australian outbreak
3719:. Reuters. 4 July 2020.
3272:Maldives Independent.com
3242:Maldives Independent.com
3182:Maldives Independent.com
3145:10.4103/0971-5916.192077
2597:, LLP. 2 November 2009.
1188:neuraminidase inhibitors
978:According to the Indian
568:H and N proteins in the
4560:Neuraminidase inhibitor
3695:10.1126/science.abd5761
3563:10.1073/pnas.1921186117
2169:1977: Russian flu scare
1293:CDC (1 February 2024).
798:2009 swine flu pandemic
754:1976 swine flu outbreak
748:1976 swine flu outbreak
602:2009 swine flu pandemic
459:2020β2022 H5N8 outbreak
4961:Influenza A virus H1N1
4874:Influenza-like illness
4543:Adamantane derivatives
3902:. 2013. Archived from
1943:10.3201/eid1201.050965
1419:Clancy, Susan (2008).
1202:have been found to be
1154:Infection in pregnancy
986:2017 Maldives outbreak
883:, found in the virus.
864:influenza-like illness
816:
804:Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
694:
652:1918β1920 flu pandemic
497:Vaccine reformulations
492:Influenza-like illness
439:2007 Australian equine
205:Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
32:Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
4724:1989β1990 UK outbreak
4686:Asian flu (1957-1958)
4062:H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu).
2808:10.1503/cmaj.109-2028
2735:Disease Outbreak News
2595:Davis Wright Tremaine
2485:Disease Outbreak News
2437:10.1038/news.2009.408
2370:Disease Outbreak News
2199:on 30 September 2007.
2173:. CNN. Archived from
1055:2019 Morocco outbreak
1001:2017 Myanmar outbreak
917:myocardial infarction
886:On 11 June 2009, the
811:
802:Further information:
792:2009 A(H1N1) pandemic
780:was caused by strain
688:
384:1889-1890 Russian flu
4691:Hong Kong flu (1968)
4483:Pandemic preparation
3821:Smithsonian Magazine
2792:"H1N1-related SIRS?"
2243:(9). 21 April 1978.
1931:Emerging Infect. Dis
1846:(12 Suppl): S82β87.
1338:10.3390/ijms18081650
1164:before vaccination.
1143:Smithsonian Magazine
919:, bilateral massive
589:genetic reassortment
61:Virus classification
3993:(2): 130.e1β39.e1.
3554:2020PNAS..11717204S
3548:(29): 17204β17210.
3441:. 2 February 2019.
3372:. 24 January 2018.
3015:. 12 January 2014.
2937:on 12 January 2014.
2685:on 13 December 2019
2638:10.2214/AJR.09.3365
2626:AJR Am J Roentgenol
2590:National Law Review
2213:. Global Security.
2125:2010PLoSO...511184W
2070:1978Natur.274..334N
2033:. NPR. 4 May 2009.
1759:10.1038/nature05181
1751:2006Natur.443..578K
1703:10.1038/nature05495
1694:2007Natur.445..319K
1388:10.1038/nrmicro3367
1174:Influenza treatment
1168:Antiviral treatment
1047:2019 Malta outbreak
968:2015 India outbreak
960:2012 India outbreak
956:, Ontario, Canada.
482:Influenza evolution
394:1957-1958 Asian flu
164:Alphainfluenzavirus
4681:Spanish flu (1918)
4600:Baloxavir marboxil
4425:West Bengal (2008)
4360:1977 (Russian flu)
4355:1918 (Spanish flu)
4031:on 3 February 2014
3132:Indian J. Med. Res
2985:. 3 January 2014.
1892:. Viking Penguin.
1644:10.1093/aje/kwy191
1186:(Relenza) are two
1063:2019 Iran outbreak
913:pulmonary embolism
900:national emergency
817:
701:in the body. (The
695:
634:zoonotic swine flu
617:annual formulation
554:seasonal influenza
544:) is a subtype of
487:Influenza research
399:1968 Hong Kong flu
334:Baloxavir marboxil
4985:
4984:
4923:Taxon identifiers
4892:
4891:
4809:
4808:
4739:
4738:
4719:Fujian flu (H3N2)
4641:
4640:
4520:
4519:
4491:
4490:
4446:Genetic structure
4389:
4388:
4193:Influenza A virus
4132:Genome sequencing
3504:(Press release).
3274:. 23 March 2017.
3244:. 21 March 2017.
3214:. 25 March 2017.
3184:. 15 March 2017.
3045:. 21 March 2014.
2983:Vanguardia.com.mx
2846:. 26 April 2011.
2844:Recombinomics.com
2431:: news.2009.408.
2177:on 22 March 2007.
2064:(5669): 334β339.
1899:978-0-670-89473-4
1799:(9348): 1831β37.
1637:(12): 2561β2567.
1600:. 22 March 2020.
1479:on 3 October 2011
1148:closely monitored
925:arterial thrombus
821:2009 flu pandemic
786:influenza vaccine
546:influenza A virus
535:
534:
212:
211:
177:Influenza A virus
16:(Redirected from
5005:
4978:
4977:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4918:
4909:
4908:
4900:
4823:Acute bronchitis
4748:
4701:Swine flu (2009)
4696:1977 Russian flu
4654:
4590:
4531:
4502:
4400:
4365:2009 (Swine flu)
4343:
4163:Orthomyxoviridae
4096:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4027:. Archived from
4021:"Pandemic OBGYN"
4017:
4011:
4010:
3982:
3976:
3975:
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3971:
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3806:
3805:
3803:
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3779:
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3759:
3752:
3744:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3713:
3707:
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3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3658:
3651:Translation via
3650:
3648:
3646:
3631:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3583:
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3498:
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3482:
3480:
3461:
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3392:
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3327:
3321:
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3193:
3174:
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3112:
3107:on 20 March 2015
3091:
3085:
3084:
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3080:
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3059:
3058:
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3054:
3035:
3029:
3028:
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2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2933:. Archived from
2923:
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2916:
2914:
2912:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2866:
2860:
2859:
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2787:
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2776:
2765:Businessweek.com
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
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2695:
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2660:
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2573:
2571:
2569:
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2547:
2546:on 15 June 2009.
2536:
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2529:
2524:
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2501:
2500:
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2471:
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2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
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2400:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:on 26 April 2009
2362:
2353:
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2350:
2348:
2316:
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2309:
2307:
2305:
2289:
2283:
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2178:
2163:
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2097:
2078:10.1038/274334a0
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1922:
1916:
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1911:
1880:
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1873:
1855:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1745:(7111): 578β81.
1730:
1724:
1723:
1705:
1688:(7125): 319β23.
1673:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1570:. 10 July 2009.
1568:Sciencedaily.com
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
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1247:
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1244:
1242:
1227:
1091:paper from the
772:1977 Russian flu
766:1977 Russian flu
572:; for example, "
560:) and in birds (
527:
520:
513:
449:2008 West Bengal
404:1977 Russian flu
389:1918 Spanish flu
228:
214:
152:Orthomyxoviridae
69:
68:
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5012:
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4784:
4735:
4705:
4650:
4648:
4637:
4604:
4588:
4535:Antiviral drugs
4516:
4487:
4473:Human mortality
4466:clinical trials
4434:
4385:
4369:
4332:
4196:
4194:
4187:
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4050:
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3924:
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3919:
3909:
3907:
3906:on 30 June 2017
3894:
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3513:
3508:. 2 July 2020.
3500:
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2942:
2931:English.news.cn
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2903:. 27 May 2013.
2895:
2894:
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2668:
2667:
2663:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1900:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1544:. 14 March 2023
1536:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1453:. 12 March 2024
1445:
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1413:
1369:
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1318:
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1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1255:
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1250:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1176:
1170:
1156:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1026:
1003:
988:
980:Health Ministry
976:
970:
962:
842:swine influenza
838:human influenza
814:antigenic shift
806:
800:
794:
774:
768:
756:
750:
672:avian influenza
660:
654:
649:
625:
623:Swine influenza
562:avian influenza
558:swine influenza
531:
502:
501:
472:
464:
463:
434:2006 H5N1 India
424:
414:
413:
379:
369:
368:
324:
314:
313:
304:Live attenuated
287:
277:
276:
238:
218:Influenza (flu)
192:
180:
140:Articulavirales
128:Insthoviricetes
116:Negarnaviricota
63:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5011:
5009:
5001:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4966:
4951:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4867:Related topics
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
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4798:
4792:
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4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4715:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4589:(experimental)
4584:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4489:
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4486:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4430:2020s outbreak
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Croatia (2005)
4406:
4404:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4142:Superinfection
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4110:General topics
4107:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4049:
4048:External links
4046:
4043:
4042:
4012:
3977:
3947:
3917:
3887:
3838:
3807:
3771:
3734:
3708:
3677:
3621:
3610:on 3 July 2020
3595:
3523:
3486:
3471:(in Persian).
3456:
3420:
3402:Times of Malta
3387:
3355:
3322:
3289:
3259:
3229:
3199:
3169:
3138:(6): 821β823.
3118:
3086:
3060:
3030:
3000:
2970:
2940:
2918:
2888:
2861:
2831:
2782:
2771:on 5 June 2010
2752:
2741:on 9 June 2010
2722:
2696:
2661:
2632:(6): 1500β03.
2612:
2575:
2549:
2531:
2502:
2472:
2442:
2419:
2387:
2354:
2331:(15): 400β02.
2311:
2284:
2258:
2228:
2202:
2180:
2158:
2099:
2048:
2022:
1996:
1966:
1917:
1898:
1884:Barry, John M.
1875:
1853:10.1038/nm1141
1826:
1782:
1725:
1668:
1615:
1585:
1555:
1529:
1490:
1464:
1438:
1425:www.nature.com
1411:
1362:
1311:
1285:
1262:. StatPearls.
1248:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1172:Main article:
1169:
1166:
1155:
1152:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1025:
1022:
1002:
999:
987:
984:
972:Main article:
969:
966:
961:
958:
857:matrix protein
796:Main article:
793:
790:
770:Main article:
767:
764:
752:Main article:
749:
746:
699:cytokine storm
691:Pomona College
656:Main article:
653:
650:
648:
645:
624:
621:
581:negative-sense
570:viral envelope
533:
532:
530:
529:
522:
515:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
429:1976 swine flu
425:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
409:2009 swine flu
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
325:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
301:
300:
299:
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
270:A/H1N1 subtype
262:
257:
252:
251:
250:
248:A/H5N1 subtype
239:
234:
233:
230:
229:
221:
220:
210:
209:
208:
207:
199:
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194:
193:
188:
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182:
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174:
172:
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144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
112:
108:
107:
100:
96:
95:
88:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5010:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4828:Bronchiolitis
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4815:Complications
4812:
4802:
4801:Fujian (H5N1)
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4647:Pandemics and
4644:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4478:Social impact
4476:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:Global spread
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3978:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3921:
3918:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:(4): 389β93.
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3839:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3808:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3756:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3678:
3662:
3655:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:The Irrawaddy
3333:
3326:
3323:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3290:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3018:
3014:
3013:Cadenaser.com
3010:
3004:
3001:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2889:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:(9): 616β17.
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2783:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2711:on 2 May 2009
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2491:on 7 May 2009
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2420:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2193:Time magazine
2190:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:(6): e11184.
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2049:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
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4789:Non-mammals
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4565:Oseltamivir
4553:Rimantadine
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4178:Influenza C
4173:Influenza B
4168:Influenza A
3212:Mihaaru.com
3053:10 February
3043:Thestar.com
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2521:28 December
2347:9 September
2304:21 December
2041:22 December
2015:22 December
1910:1 September
1598:www.cdc.gov
1516:10665/66485
1331:(8): 1650.
1208:embryotoxic
1204:teratogenic
1200:rimantadine
1180:Oseltamivir
1122:nasal swabs
830:mongrelised
742:World War I
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354:Rimantadine
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339:Laninamivir
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4595:Umifenovir
4587:Peramivir
4548:Amantadine
4526:Treatments
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4035:31 January
3970:31 January
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3479:3 December
3434:Al Arabiya
3380:25 January
3369:The Nation
3023:12 January
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2605:3 November
2568:26 October
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2380:16 October
1578:16 October
1505:(Report).
1483:22 October
1214:References
1196:amantadine
1037:Gujranwala
477:Flu season
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3572:0027-8424
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2412:31 August
1548:17 August
1457:19 August
1431:17 August
1278:25 August
1184:zanamivir
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855:(NA) and
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1085:genotype
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1509:(WHO).
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1241:17 June
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1006:Myanmar
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