Knowledge (XXG)

ALGOL 68C

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NAME adb - debugger SYNOPSIS adb ] COMMANDS $ modifier Miscellaneous commands. The available modifiers are: a ALGOL 68 stack backtrace. If address is given then it is taken to be the address of
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For long-lived populations such as this one Conway sometimes uses a PDP-7 computer with a screen on which he can observe the changes The program was written by M. J. T. Guy and S. R. Bourne. Without its help some discoveries about the game would have been difficult to
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BEGIN INT dim = 3; # a constant # INT a number := 120; # a variable # ENVIRON EXAMPLE1; MODE MATRIX = REAL; # a type definition # MATRIX m1; a number := ENVIRON EXAMPLE2; print((a number)) END
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USING EXAMPLE2 FROM "mylib" BEGIN MATRIX m2; # example only # print((a number)); # declared in mylib.a68 # print((2 UPB m1)); # also declared in mylib.a68 # ENVIRON EXAMPLE3; # ENVIRONs can be nested # 666 END
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issues detail the Z80 implementation. The compiler required about 120 KB of memory to run; hence the Z80's 64 KB memory is actually too small to run the compiler. So ALGOL 68C programs for the Z80 had to be
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mechanism is to allow a program source to be broken into manageable sized pieces. It is only necessary to parse the shared source file once, unlike a
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the current frame (instead of r4). If count is given then only the first count frames are printed.
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saves the complete environment at the point it appears. A separate module written starting with a
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Subsequent work was done on the compiler after Bourne left Cambridge University in 1975.
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A very early predecessor of this compiler was used by Guy and Bourne to write the first
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where the include file needs to be parsed for each source file that includes it.
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in 1971. Other early contributors were Andrew D. Birrell and Ian Walker.
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clause is effectively inserted into the first module at the point the
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Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification
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Cambridge ALGOL 68: on the historical roster of computer languages
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may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
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A Transportation of ALGOL 68C – PJ Gardner, University of Essex
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Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
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was added, and the code base is still running on an emulated
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A translator–compiler for ALGOL 68C was available for the
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was written in the Princeton Syntax Compiler (PSYCO, by
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Restrictions to the language from the standard ALGOL 68
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Separate compilation in ALGOL 68C is done using the
1973:^ = full name and link in prior ALGOL version above 1944: 1772: 1745: 1569: 1537: 1480: 1473: 1452: 1415: 1389: 1371:
International Federation for Information Processing
1336: 1329: 1320: 1293: 1101: 1071: 1062: 297: 281: 252: 242: 216: 194: 177: 100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 357:ALGOL 68C was later used for the CHAOS OS for the 738:style implied by traditional library mechanisms. 603:Below is a sampling of some notable extensions: 398:, the compiler was ported to systems including 1210:(ESPOL) → New Executive Programming Language ( 582:-45 and included a special option in his Unix 42:to make improvements to the overall structure. 1039: 867:"System Programming in a High Level Language" 8: 1380:Society of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 570:After Cambridge, Bourne spent nine years at 172: 1208:Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language 983:. Cambridge University Computer Laboratory. 831:The PAR parallel clause was not implemented 822:No ALGOL 68 FLEX and variable length arrays 386:The ALGOL 68C compiler generated output in 1575: 1486: 1477: 1333: 1326: 1068: 1046: 1032: 1024: 979:; Birrell, Andrew D.; Walker, Ian (1975). 171: 899:Australian Computer Museum Society (ACMS) 734:style of programming, in contrast to the 160:Learn how and when to remove this message 58:Learn how and when to remove this message 1014:– March 1977 (From 370 to DECsystem-10) 857: 1008:– includes 10+ publication references. 1443:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 7: 865:Birrell, Andrew D. (December 1977). 98:adding citations to reliable sources 1354:Association for Computing Machinery 1276:Small Machine ALGOL Like Language ( 932:. No. 223. pp. 120–123. 14: 948:"The Modular Manual Browser: Adb" 1987: 1986: 1977: 1976: 919:Gardner, Martin (October 1970). 599:ALGOL 68C extensions to ALGOL 68 74: 20: 85:needs additional citations for 1951:ALGOL 58 influence on ALGOL 60 741:These clauses are kind of the 223:1.3039 / March 3, 2013 1: 849:and several other computers. 400:Conversational Monitor System 1423:Case Institute of Technology 683:clause - for embedding ZCODE 563:(to avoid conflict with the 1956:ALGOL 68 to other languages 200:; 54 years ago 2036: 981:ALGOL 68C reference manual 673:bounds in formal-declarers 611::= for any operator, e.g. 432:Liverpool Software Gazette 1968: 1578: 1489: 1460:Royal Radar Establishment 876:. University of Cambridge 359:capability-based security 238: 212: 1433:University of St Andrews 1018:Running ALGOL 68C on MVS 828:implemented without FLEX 426:with a DEC 340 display. 344:Cambridge Algebra System 334:, that was developed by 270:(or emulations) running 2020:Virtualization software 2015:ALGOL 68 implementation 1732:Adriaan van Wijngaarden 1428:University of Edinburgh 1308:Van Wijngaarden grammar 659:separate compilation - 635:displacement operator ( 366:University of Cambridge 1375:IFIP Working Group 2.1 926:. Mathematical Games. 771:C programming language 751:C programming language 532:clauses in the common 225:; 11 years ago 1814:Cornelis H. A. Koster 1586:Roland Carl Backhouse 1529:Joseph Henry Wegstein 1438:Manchester University 1397:Burroughs Corporation 901:. AceWare Web Hosting 761:. The purpose of the 420:Game of Life programs 346:(CAMAL). The initial 834:Nonstandard transput 462:subsequently reused 325:computer programming 94:improve this article 1848:Willem van der Poel 1504:Hermann Bottenbruch 929:Scientific American 545:'s syntax changed, 392:computing platforms 174: 40:editing the article 1993:Category: ALGOL 60 1824:Charles H. Lindsey 1604:Edsger W. Dijkstra 1499:Friedrich L. Bauer 1187:Dartmouth ALGOL 30 977:Bourne, Stephen R. 670:scopes not checked 654:syntactic elements 455:Algol 68C and Unix 449:mainframe computer 373:Garbage collection 173:ALGOL 68 Cambridge 2002: 2001: 1931: 1930: 1893: 1892: 1829:Barry J. Mailloux 1768: 1767: 1704:Jacob T. Schwartz 1599:Stephen R. Bourne 1565: 1564: 1519:Heinz Rutishauser 1469: 1468: 1316: 1315: 730:are useful for a 588:Advanced Debugger 394:. Aside from the 336:Stephen R. Bourne 315: 314: 170: 169: 162: 144: 68: 67: 60: 33:layout guidelines 2027: 1990: 1989: 1980: 1979: 1923:John C. Reynolds 1868:van Wijngaarden^ 1837:Lambert Meertens 1719:Bernard Vauquois 1576: 1557:Robert M. Graham 1487: 1478: 1402:Elliott Brothers 1334: 1327: 1069: 1048: 1041: 1034: 1025: 1002: 1001: 999:Official website 985: 984: 973: 967: 966: 964: 963: 954:. Archived from 944: 938: 937: 925: 916: 910: 909: 907: 906: 891: 885: 884: 882: 881: 871: 862: 827: 800: 780: 764: 729: 725: 720:clause appears. 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 695: 691: 682: 678: 666: 662: 652: 648: 644: 638: 632:in loop-clauses; 631: 627: 623: 618: 614: 562: 556: 550: 544: 531: 509: 487: 440:from the larger 311: 308: 306: 304: 254:Operating system 233: 231: 226: 208: 206: 201: 175: 165: 158: 154: 151: 145: 143: 102: 78: 70: 63: 56: 52: 49: 43: 24: 23: 16: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2005: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1983:Category: ALGOL 1975: 1964: 1961:ALGOL 68 to C++ 1940: 1927: 1889: 1880:Philip Woodward 1864:Michel Sintzoff 1856:Douglas T. Ross 1764: 1760:Kristen Nygaard 1741: 1685:John E. L. Peck 1614:Robert W. Floyd 1561: 1533: 1465: 1448: 1411: 1385: 1339: 1312: 1303:Jensen's device 1289: 1176:Burroughs ALGOL 1097: 1074: 1064:Implementations 1058: 1052: 997: 996: 993: 988: 975: 974: 970: 961: 959: 946: 945: 941: 923: 918: 917: 913: 904: 902: 893: 892: 888: 879: 877: 869: 864: 863: 859: 855: 825: 819: 814: 803: 798: 794: 783: 778: 762: 727: 723: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 698: 693: 689: 680: 676: 664: 660: 650: 646: 642: 636: 629: 625: 621: 616: 612: 601: 596: 558: 552: 546: 540: 511: 489: 467: 457: 416: 414:Popular culture 342:to program the 330:, a dialect of 301: 234: 229: 227: 224: 204: 202: 199: 195:Initial release 166: 155: 149: 146: 103: 101: 91: 79: 64: 53: 47: 44: 38:Please help by 37: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2033: 2031: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2007: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1996: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1936:ALGOL Bulletin 1932: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1755:Ole-Johan Dahl 1751: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1670:Carroll Morgan 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1621: 1619:Jeremy Gibbons 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1552:Bernard Galler 1549: 1543: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1524:Klaus Samelson 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1475: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1407:Regnecentralen 1404: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1377: 1368: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1331: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1299: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1281: 1274: 1269: 1256: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1189: 1184: 1178: 1173: 1166:Atlas Autocode 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1077: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1036: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1009: 1003: 992: 991:External links 989: 987: 986: 968: 939: 911: 886: 856: 854: 851: 847:IBM System/360 839: 838: 835: 832: 829: 823: 818: 815: 811: 805:A file called 802: 795: 791: 785:A file called 782: 775: 697: 686: 685: 684: 674: 671: 668: 657: 640: 633: 619: 600: 597: 593: 576:Version 7 Unix 557:replaced with 460:Stephen Bourne 456: 453: 446:IBM System/370 438:cross-compiled 415: 412: 352:Edgar T. Irons 313: 312: 299: 295: 294: 285: 279: 278: 256: 250: 249: 244: 240: 239: 236: 235: 222: 220: 218:Stable release 214: 213: 210: 209: 196: 192: 191: 184:Stephen Bourne 181: 168: 167: 82: 80: 73: 66: 65: 28: 26: 19: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2032: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 1995: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1918:Peter O'Hearn 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1872:Niklaus Wirth 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Susan G. Bond 1783: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1693:Brian Randell 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1680:Maurice Nivat 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1665:John McCarthy 1663: 1661: 1660:Conor McBride 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609:Andrey Ershov 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1330:Organizations 1328: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1203:Elliott ALGOL 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1170:Edinburgh IMP 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1000: 995: 994: 990: 982: 978: 972: 969: 958:on 2016-03-03 957: 953: 949: 943: 940: 936: 931: 930: 922: 915: 912: 900: 896: 890: 887: 875: 868: 861: 858: 852: 850: 848: 844: 836: 833: 830: 824: 821: 820: 816: 810: 808: 796: 790: 788: 776: 774: 772: 769:found in the 768: 760: 756: 752: 749:found in the 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 721: 708:clauses. The 687: 675: 672: 669: 658: 655: 641: 634: 620: 610: 606: 605: 604: 598: 592: 590: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 561: 555: 551:removed, and 549: 543: 538: 535: 530: 529: 524: 523: 518: 514: 508: 507: 502: 498: 494: 493: 486: 485: 480: 476: 472: 471: 465: 461: 454: 452: 450: 447: 443: 439: 434: 433: 427: 425: 421: 413: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 384: 382: 378: 374: 369: 367: 363: 360: 355: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 326: 323: 319: 310: 300: 296: 293: 289: 286: 284: 280: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 255: 251: 248: 245: 241: 237: 221: 219: 215: 211: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182: 180: 176: 164: 161: 153: 142: 139: 135: 132: 128: 125: 121: 118: 114: 111: –  110: 106: 105:Find sources: 99: 95: 89: 88: 83:This article 81: 77: 72: 71: 62: 59: 51: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 18: 17: 1991: 1981: 1972: 1913:Ron Morrison 1908:Tony Brooker 1885:Nobuo Yoneda 1819:Peter Landin 1801:Gerhard Goos 1793:Robert Dewar 1737:Mike Woodger 1714:David Turner 1709:Micha Sharir 1697:Rutishauser^ 1650:Peter Landin 1623:Julien Green 1594:Richard Bird 1509:Charles Katz 1340:associations 1338:Professional 1125: 980: 971: 960:. Retrieved 956:the original 951: 942: 933: 927: 914: 903:. Retrieved 898: 889: 878:. Retrieved 873: 860: 840: 807:usemylib.a68 806: 804: 786: 784: 766: 754: 746: 742: 740: 735: 731: 722: 699: 653: 608: 602: 586: 569: 559: 553: 547: 541: 537:Bourne shell 527: 526: 521: 520: 516: 512: 505: 504: 500: 496: 491: 490: 483: 482: 478: 474: 469: 468: 458: 442:CAP computer 430: 428: 417: 396:CAP computer 387: 385: 370: 362:CAP computer 356: 317: 316: 179:Developer(s) 156: 147: 137: 130: 123: 116: 104: 92:Please help 87:verification 84: 54: 45: 30: 1903:John Barnes 1898:Hal Abelson 1806:Michael Guy 1655:Tom Maibaum 1642:Jørn Jensen 1632:Eric Hehner 1627:David Gries 1547:Bruce Arden 1514:Alan Perlis 1494:John Backus 1057:programming 952:UnixDev.net 826:MODE STRING 797:Example of 777:Example of 663:clause and 539:, but with 340:Michael Guy 188:Michael Guy 150:August 2012 109:"ALGOL 68C" 2009:Categories 1945:Comparison 1724:Eiiti Wada 1675:Peter Naur 1637:Tony Hoare 1453:Government 1295:Formalisms 1136:ALGOL 68RS 1131:ALGOL 68-R 962:2020-04-17 905:2020-04-17 880:2007-04-22 853:References 607:Automatic 567:utility). 322:imperative 292:translator 268:mainframes 243:Written in 230:2013-03-03 198:circa 1970 120:newspapers 1860:Samelson^ 1833:McCarthy^ 1797:Dijkstra^ 1728:Wegstein^ 1700:Samelson^ 1416:Education 1360:BSI Group 1322:Community 1233:Kidsgrove 1146:ALGOL 68S 1126:ALGOL 68C 1111:ABC ALGOL 1075:standards 1073:Technical 837:others... 787:mylib.a68 757:found in 736:bottom-up 574:with the 572:Bell Labs 408:Zilog Z80 318:ALGOL 68C 307:/algol68c 303:bitbucket 48:July 2016 1876:Woodger^ 1852:Randell^ 1774:ALGOL 68 1571:ALGOL 60 1482:ALGOL 58 1390:Business 1267:Napier88 1263:PS-algol 1103:Dialects 1093:ALGOL 68 1088:ALGOL 60 1083:ALGOL 58 767:#include 747:#include 732:top-down 584:debugger 464:ALGOL 68 444:, or an 429:Various 381:Hercules 348:compiler 332:ALGOL 68 328:language 288:Compiler 266:, etc., 247:ALGOL 68 1789:Bourne^ 1689:Perlis^ 1582:Backus^ 1373:(IFIP) 1259:S-algol 1161:ALGOL X 1156:ALGOL W 1151:ALGOL N 779:ENVIRON 763:ENVIRON 745:of the 743:inverse 724:ENVIRON 718:ENVIRON 710:ENVIRON 702:ENVIRON 696:clauses 690:ENVIRON 661:ENVIRON 422:on the 404:TOPS-10 402:(CMS), 298:Website 228: ( 203: ( 134:scholar 1810:Hoare^ 1781:Bauer^ 1747:Simula 1590:Bauer^ 1474:People 1382:(GAMM) 1367:(EASC) 1272:Simula 1249:NELIAC 1228:JOVIAL 843:PDP-10 801:clause 781:clause 759:Python 755:import 667:clause 626:DOWNTO 580:PDP-11 406:, and 379:using 377:OS/MVT 320:is an 136:  129:  122:  115:  107:  1844:Peck^ 1841:Naur^ 1646:Katz^ 1462:(RRE) 1445:(MIT) 1356:(ACM) 1350:Group 1348:ALCOR 1286:ALGOL 1278:SMALL 1254:RTL/2 1235:Algol 1218:FLACC 1194:ALGOL 1181:CORAL 1116:ALCOR 1055:ALGOL 935:make. 924:(PDF) 870:(PDF) 799:USING 753:, or 728:USING 714:USING 706:USING 694:USING 665:USING 630:UNTIL 517:while 424:PDP-7 388:ZCODE 141:JSTOR 127:books 1284:SMIL 1244:Mary 1212:NEWP 1198:DG/L 1192:DASK 1140:ELLA 1121:ALGO 726:and 704:and 692:and 688:The 681:EDOC 679:... 677:CODE 651:THEF 649:and 643:ANDF 637::=:= 628:and 622:UPTO 615:and 560:done 534:Unix 510:and 506:esac 492:case 479:else 475:then 338:and 305:.org 283:Type 258:IBM 205:1970 113:news 1539:MAD 1239:MAD 1223:IMP 647:ORF 617:+:= 613:*:= 548:out 513:for 501:out 466:'s 364:at 309:/dl 276:MVS 274:or 272:MVT 264:370 260:360 96:by 2011:: 1265:, 1261:, 1183:66 950:. 897:. 872:. 845:, 809:: 789:: 645:, 624:, 609:op 565:od 554:od 542:in 528:od 525:~ 522:do 519:~ 515:~ 503:~ 499:~ 497:in 495:~ 488:, 484:fi 481:~ 477:~ 473:~ 470:if 451:. 410:. 383:. 290:, 262:, 186:, 1280:) 1214:) 1172:) 1168:( 1142:) 1138:( 1047:e 1040:t 1033:v 965:. 908:. 883:. 656:. 639:) 232:) 207:) 163:) 157:( 152:) 148:( 138:· 131:· 124:· 117:· 90:. 61:) 55:( 50:) 46:( 36:.

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Developer(s)
Stephen Bourne
Michael Guy
Stable release
ALGOL 68
Operating system
360
370
mainframes
MVT
MVS
Type
Compiler
translator
bitbucket.org/algol68c/dl
imperative

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