513:
487:
eight in
November. For this production all remaining materials were used, apparently to fulfill the original order: when in December the Belgian Army asked for the delivery of the spare parts, as it needed some tanks in working order to allow a single platoon to take part in the winter manoeuvres, Renault was unable to provide these. In January 1940 five were produced. Production was then discontinued for a total of 57. Ten had been exported to Belgium, 47 remained in France where they are listed in this number in the spring of 1940. It is unclear whether this includes prototypes and project tanks and how the number can be reconciled with the total order of fifty.
426:. The hulls were indicated to be of a "second series", an improved AMC 34 — referring to the same line of development that would result in the AMC 35. Their delivery was supposed to commence in October 1935. However, that month Renault started production of the original AMC 34; it was as yet unable to manufacture the improved version. Technological, financial and social problems — in December 1936 the military division of Renault was nationalised and restructured into the new AMX-factory — ensured that for 1936 also, delivery would be delayed. As large orders had become unlikely, the project had a low priority.
449:
already been manufactured; assembly had started on about fifty vehicles. It was agreed on 21 April 1938 to complete 35 vehicles, ten to be delivered to
Belgium including the prototype, the countervalue of its contractual fine. Belgium also was to receive five sets of reserve parts and eight armour sets. The new contract was signed on 15 June; it stipulated that the Belgian tanks would be delivered prior to 31 July. At that moment the French Cavalry no longer itself intended to use the type (but the
31:
1533:
353:. When the commission inspected the prototype on 9 March it transpired that it was actually a completely new design. Accordingly, a complete test programme was ordered, which was finished on 27 November. At that date the commission judged that despite many changes the type was still unfit for service due to its mechanical unreliability. However already in the spring the Cavalry, worried by the German
1543:
404:
608:
475:, which had the diascope on the left side moved to the facet behind, because the drum magazine for the 7.65mm Maxim 08/15 machine gun made it impossible to look through it in the original position. Older sources incorrectly claim that a 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun was fitted. An armour plate was welded over the hole. They were rebuilt at
373:. There were five road wheels. The suspension used horizontal rubber cylinders as springs. At 42 km/h the vehicle was slower than the specified speed. A three hundred litre fuel tank allowed for a range of 160 kilometres. The wading capacity was sixty centimetres and it could cross a trench of two metres. The 25 mm
652:... one of the most advanced French tanks for its size in that as well as being equipped with a good gun it had a two-man turret ... with all the advantages in command it conferred. ... somewhat surprisingly, for in retrospect this seems to have been one of the best prewar French light tank designs, only 100 were built.
627:
were formed, each to be equipped with seven tanks, but only five AMC 35s could at first be made ready for them; seven more were later delivered. The crews reported that the materiel was unreliable, and suffered from an extremely short range in rough terrain. The CFMs fought a delaying battle between
498:
indicted many for their presumed failure in preparing the French Army for war. The accused, eager to show that French tank production was in fact much higher than that of
Germany, estimated the AMC 35 production at 75, apparently adding the number of the Belgian AMC 34 order to the order for France.
466:
where a fortress was initially intended to be built, but due to the lack of funds only two casemates were constructed. The turrets were equipped by
Belgium with a different armament: instead of the French SA 35 gun, a Belgian FRC 47 mm gun was fitted; this closely related type had a barrel that
486:
For France also, production continued after 1 November 1938, with final assembly at AMX; in March 1939 the original order of seventeen was finished; at the beginning of the Second World War a number of 22 had been reached. Production then accelerated: three were built in
September, nine in October,
448:
This outcome however, embarrassed the French government: it pressured
Renault to accept a new arrangement. Early in 1938 it transpired that the Renault factory had in its possession the materials to build the original total of 75 tanks; out of these stocks parts sufficient for about sixty tanks had
340:
had developed the AMC 34 according to the specifications of the Plan 1931. On 26 June 1934 these were changed: it was now demanded that the vehicle attain a maximum speed of 50 km/h (31 mph) and be immune to anti-tank guns. On 7 March 1936 a changed prototype was delivered by
Renault, who
453:
instead) and advised that priority should be given to the
Belgian order. Renault had asked permission for this on 6 May, but on 2 June the French Ministry of Defence responded that the terms of the original agreements should be followed; these entailed a split delivery of batches of ten at a time:
437:
were unnecessary and reduced the order accordingly to eighteen. The arrival of the prototype had caused a political row however: politicians from the right feared it would antagonise Hitler and so endanger
Belgian neutrality; those from the left wanted only purely defensive weapons. As deliveries
357:, had first ordered seventeen vehicles and later expanded that order to fifty. For political reasons the commission did not dare to cancel the order; it accepted the type, noting that it would be highly advisable to test types in future before ordering them. The first vehicle was received by the
656:
The type can, however, be interpreted as an excellent example of the design constraints that forced France to adopt one man-turrets on its other tanks: the price for the AMC 35's roomy turret was an unreliable and, for the medium tank rĂ´le, woefully underarmoured vehicle.
329:, calling for a vehicle that was not only well-armed and mobile but also well-armoured. Due to technological and financial problems production was delayed and limited. The AMC 35 was one of the few French tanks of the period featuring a two-man turret.
520:
When all nine hulls had at last arrived in
Belgium, it was soon discovered that engine, transmission and suspension wear was excessive. In January 1940 the two tanks that were in the worst condition were selected for transport to the arsenal of
575:
When war broke out on 10 May, the driver training tank was united with the seven others to bring the squadron to its organic strength of eight. These fought against the German Army between 17 and 27 May 1940. Four were destroyed by
433:, demanded that the single prototype be sent to Belgium; it was transported on 4 June. After testing between 23 and 27 August showed that its climbing abilities were poor, the Belgians decided that the seven tanks intended for the
341:
requested that the vehicle would be accepted if it met the new specifications; after all the AMC 34 had already been accepted for production and this was nothing but a slightly changed variant. The French materiel commission, the
457:
Series production only started in November 1938 and actual delivery of the first three vehicles to Belgium was delayed till 30 March 1939, the second batch was exported in May and the final three vehicles arrived on 7 August.
395:, in the production series the 47 mm SA 35 gun was used. The roughly octagonal APX2 turret consisted of cast sections, welded, riveted and bolted together. The tank carried 120 gun rounds and 5250 machine gun rounds.
461:
In 1938 the turrets also were delivered. As there was now a surplus of fifteen, these were used on fortifications: thirteen of these on coastal defence pillboxes; another two turrets were installed on pillboxes at
438:
failed to materialise, in December 1937 it was decided to annul the order completely, to accept a contractual fine of four million franc and to redirect the remaining budget to the production of home-made
639:
In the anglophone literature the AMC 35 is often portrayed as a major failed chance for France to turn the tide against Germany: its two-man turret is then seen as better adapted to the demands of modern
1850:
696:
One prototype was built of a smoke-laying vehicle; an AMC 35 hull was rebuilt and fitted with nineteen containers, each with 165 litres of smoke fluid, that could be sprayed into the air by a
369:
The AMC 35 had about the same dimensions as the AMC 34, but the hull was longer at 4572 mm to install a shortened 11.08 litres V-4 180 hp version of the V-6 engine used in the
490:
After the war it has for some time been thought that the total production had been a hundred: 75 for France, 25 for Belgium. This mistake had its origins in the events during the
619:
it was decided on 15 May to send the entire tank materiel reserve to the frontline. Several ad hoc-units were hastily formed. First twelve AMC 35s were used to equip the
380:
The prototype had a two-man APX2 turret, with the commander/loader on the left and the gunner on the right, fitted with a 25 mm SARF fortress gun and a 7.5 mm
467:
was 15 mm shorter. Also the machine gun was different: an optionally coaxial 7,65mm rechambered Hotchkiss (Maxim) 08/15 MG. The Belgian turrets were produced at
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fire when counter-attacking, two broke down and two were surrendered to the German on 28 May 1940 when the Belgian army put down its weapons.
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Later writers, assuming that 75 was the number of tanks intended for France, repeated this mistake and added another 25 Belgian tanks.
422:, together with a matching number of APX2 turrets to be delivered by Batignolles-Châtillon, for a total project budget of 18.5 million
1087:
354:
1888:
615:
At first no French units were equipped with the AMC 35; no crews were trained on the type. After the German breakthrough at
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The Belgian Army had ordered 25 AMC 34 hulls with Renault on 13 September 1935 at a unit price of 360,000
645:
561:
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54:
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or "tank". The unit then moved to Ghent for its first training, gradually receiving more vehicles from
532:, literally the "Armoured Car Squadron of the Cavalry Corps", which was created on 1 September 1939 at
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325:. It was developed as a result of the change of the specification that had led to the design of the
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688:- depending on whether captured from French or Belgians respectively - for driver training.
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1334:
1315:
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1029:
891:
François Vauvillier, 2008, "Pourquoi n'avoir pas généralisé les deux hommes en tourelle?",
345:, became suspicious however by the fact that the factory designation had been changed from
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shows a single turret taken from one of the two pillboxes that defended the harbour of
556:) and two platoons of four tanks each. The personnel were a mixture of soldiers of the
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711:. The original AMC 35 was therefore in French sources of the period often called the
616:
423:
908:
Georges E. Mazy, 2008, "Les Autos Blindés Lourds du Corps de Cavalerie Belge 1940",
831:
François Vauvillier, 2007, "Notre Cavalerie Mécanique à son Apogée le 10 Mai 1940",
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plates, riveted and bolted onto the chassis, did not offer the demanded protection.
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The APX2-B turret from Zeebrugge, preserved in the Army Museum of Brussels
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Vehicles captured by Germany during the Fall of France were used by the
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540:, or "Heavy Armoured Car," was used to avoid the politically sensitive
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552:. The squadron had three platoons: one platoon "Staff and Services" (
481:
Société d'Électricité et de Mécanique Van den Kerckhove & Carels)
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French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II
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The wreck of an AMC 35 has been salvaged and restored at the
599:
which loaned it to the Army Museum at Brussels for 99 years.
454:
first seven tanks for France, followed by three for Belgium.
880:
Tanks and other Armoured Fighting Vehicles of World War II,
290:
35:
ACG1, displayed at the Musée des Blindés, Saumur, France.
429:
On 3 June 1937 the Belgian minister of defence, General
560:(the Dutch-speaking 2e Lansiers) and the francophone
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528:The eight remaining tanks were concentrated in the
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309:), also known under a manufacturer's designation
516:One of the Belgian vehicles burning in May 1940
161:14,500 kg (32,000 lb; 14.3 long tons)
307:Automitrailleuse de Combat Renault modèle 1935
1587:
948:
530:Escadron d'Auto Blindés du Corps de Cavelerie
247:Renault water-cooled 4-cylinder petrol engine
8:
1547:List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles
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955:
941:
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910:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
893:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
833:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel
703:One AMC 35 hull was built as a 75 mm
668:, where it has been displayed since 2006.
483:between September 1939 and February 1940.
265:horizontally rubber-sprung scissors bogies
18:
1602:French armoured fighting vehicles of the
1174:Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank
595:. The turret is property of the city of
564:, both units sharing the same barracks (
736:
538:Auto Blindé Lourd/ Zware Pantserwagen
7:
185:2.336 m (7 ft 8.0 in)
177:2.235 m (7 ft 4.0 in)
169:4.572 m (15 ft 0 in)
1884:Light tanks of the interwar period
14:
648:judged the type very favourably:
355:remilitarization of the Rhineland
273:300 L (66 imp gal)
220:47 mm SA 35 L/32 gun or FRC 47 mm
1541:
1532:
1531:
29:
623:; then five even more informal
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1:
193:3 (commander, gunner, driver)
1879:World War II tanks of France
964:Tanks of the interwar period
882:Peerage Books, London, p. 93
869:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 26
860:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 28
851:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 29
819:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 27
807:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 18
798:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 24
789:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 23
780:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 22
768:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 21
759:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 20
750:Georges E. Mazy, 2008, p. 19
129:November 1938 - January 1940
923:Musée des blindés de Saumur
621:11e Groupement de Cavalerie
1910:
583:The Museum of the Army in
566:Caserne de Witte-de Haelen
295:42 km/h (26 mph)
16:French medium cavalry tank
1846:
1527:
548:. Later it moved back to
407:AMC 35 on display at the
285:161 km (100 mi)
249:180 hp (130 kW)
208:25 mm (0.98 in)
197:
51:Place of origin
28:
1519:Vickers A1E1 Independent
644:. E.g. armour historian
593:Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge
492:infamous process of Riom
343:Commission de Vincennes
1742:Renault UE Chenillette
912:, N°84, pp. 18–29
654:
625:Corps-francs Motorisés
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313:, was a French medium
1889:Light tanks of France
1638:Hotchkiss H35/H38/H39
1537:Interwar period tanks
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399:Production and export
1773:Gendron-Somua AMR 39
1228:Vickers Medium Mk II
1068:Disston Tractor Tank
558:2nd Lancers Regiment
387:. As the 25 mm
361:on 1 November 1938.
239:or 7.65 mm Hotchkiss
1558:Tank classification
1554:History of the tank
1223:Vickers Medium Mk I
646:Brian Terence White
562:1st Guides Regiment
534:Watermael-Boitsfort
503:Operational history
435:Chasseurs Ardennais
391:were needed in the
321:that served in the
1721:AMC Schneider P 16
1657:Medium/heavy tanks
1088:Light tanks Mk I–V
682:PzKpfw AMC 738 (f)
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270:Fuel capacity
237:Reibel machine gun
121:â‚Ł 360,000 per hull
86:Production history
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1735:Armoured carriers
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1098:Light Tank Mk VII
878:B.T.White, 1983,
662:Musée des Blindés
642:manoeuvre warfare
409:Musée des Blindés
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63:
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58:
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52:
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34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1906:
1895:
1894:Cavalry tanks
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1877:
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1867:
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1788:AMX 40 (1940)
1786:
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1704:Armoured cars
1701:
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1507:
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1500:
1499:Type 95 heavy
1497:
1495:
1494:Type 91 heavy
1492:
1490:
1489:Type 87 Chi-I
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:T7 Combat Car
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:T1 Light Tank
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
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1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
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1419:Morris-Martel
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Medium Mark D
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Leichttraktor
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
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1367:experimentals
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1311:Hotchkiss H35
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Cruiser Mk II
1276:
1274:
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1199:
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1168:Vickers 6-Ton
1166:
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1163:Type 95 Ha-Go
1161:
1159:
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1123:M2 Light Tank
1121:
1119:
1118:M1 combat car
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1035:Type 97 Te-Ke
1033:
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1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:TanÄŤĂk vz. 33
1013:
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928:WWII vehicles
926:
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894:
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840:
837:
835:, N° 75, p.46
834:
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795:
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747:
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723:
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714:
713:Renault ACG-1
710:
709:Renault ACG-2
706:
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436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
420:French francs
414:
410:
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
389:antitank guns
386:
383:
378:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
317:of the later
316:
312:
311:Renault ACG-1
308:
304:
294:
288:
284:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:12.4 hp/tonne
256:
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196:
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68:
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56:
53:
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46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1866:
1823:Somua SAu 40
1756:Experimental
1747:Lorraine 37L
1668:
1552:Background:
1551:
1389:Kolohousenka
1384:Grosstraktor
1273:Cruiser Mk I
1252:
1213:Type 89 I-Go
1180:Vickers T-15
1010:T-32 (Ĺ -I-D)
909:
892:
887:
879:
874:
865:
856:
836:
832:
803:
794:
785:
764:
755:
712:
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695:
685:
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638:
624:
620:
614:
582:
574:
565:
553:
545:
541:
537:
529:
527:
519:
496:Vichy regime
489:
485:
480:
479:by the SEM (
472:
460:
456:
447:
428:
417:
393:Maginot line
381:
379:
368:
350:
346:
342:
336:
319:Interwar era
315:cavalry tank
310:
306:
302:
300:
254:Power/weight
107:Manufacturer
66:Used by
45:Cavalry tank
1716:Panhard 178
1648:Renault R40
1643:Renault R35
1335:super-heavy
1058:38M Toldi I
985:Carden Loyd
895:N°84, p. 25
628:the rivers
536:. The term
464:Remouchamps
431:Henri Denis
385:machine gun
365:Description
351:Renault ACG
333:Development
279:Operational
140:at least 57
137: built
1873:Categories
1708:halftracks
1618:Renault FT
1434:Ĺ koda MU-4
1363:Prototypes
903:Literature
698:compressor
494:where the
347:Renault YR
262:Suspension
1828:Somua S40
1694:SOMUA S35
1464:T2 Medium
1454:ST vz. 39
1429:PZInĹĽ 130
1316:Matilda I
1288:SOMUA S35
1237:Cavalry,
1133:Panzer II
1113:LT vz. 38
1108:LT vz. 35
1103:LT vz. 34
1073:Fiat 3000
972:Tankettes
678:Wehrmacht
589:Zeebrugge
570:Etterbeek
554:hors rang
523:Etterbeek
451:SOMUA S35
226:Secondary
1838:ARL V 39
1298:Infantry
1128:Panzer I
719:See also
692:Projects
585:Brussels
550:Brussels
228:armament
216:armament
145:Variants
126:Produced
99:Designed
91:Designer
1818:SARL 42
1808:Char G1
1689:Char D2
1684:Char D1
1679:Char B1
1674:Char 2C
1514:Verdeja
1348:Char B1
1343:Char 2C
1268:BT tank
1239:cruiser
1198:Char D2
1063:Char D1
1030:Type 94
1025:Type 92
680:as the
672:Germany
508:Belgium
471:as the
371:Char B1
359:Cavalry
338:Renault
235:7.5 mm
233:coaxial
111:Renault
94:Renault
73:Germany
71:Belgium
23:AMC 35
1833:ARL 44
1803:S35 CA
1793:ARL 40
1783:AMX 38
1763:FCM F1
1669:AMC 35
1664:AMC 34
1633:FCM 36
1628:AMR 35
1623:AMR 33
1379:FCM F1
1306:FCM 36
1263:AMR 35
1258:AMR 33
1253:AMC 35
1248:AMC 34
1241:, fast
1190:Medium
707:, the
666:Saumur
603:France
597:Bruges
546:Carels
473:APX2 B
469:Nantes
413:Saumur
382:Reibel
375:armour
327:AMC 34
305:(from
303:AMC 35
244:Engine
182:Height
166:Length
69:France
55:France
1484:T-100
1331:Heavy
1045:Light
995:L3/35
990:L3/33
980:AH-IV
731:Notes
634:Loire
630:Seine
617:Sedan
568:) at
477:Ghent
281:range
204:Armor
174:Width
148:ACG 2
113:, AMX
1479:T-42
1474:T-19
1374:10TP
1353:T-35
1321:T-26
1208:T-28
1203:T-24
1158:T-38
1153:T-37
1148:T-26
1143:T-18
1083:L-60
1005:T-27
632:and
542:char
440:T-13
301:The
214:Main
190:Crew
158:Mass
102:1934
78:Wars
41:Type
1439:SMK
1138:R35
1078:H35
1053:7TP
1020:TKS
1000:R-1
686:(b)
684:or
664:at
591:or
411:in
349:to
135:No.
1875::
1706:,
1560:,
1556:,
1333:,
842:^
824:^
812:^
773:^
739:^
715:.
700:.
636:.
572:.
445:.
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
1365:,
956:e
949:t
942:v
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