758:(CCL) found in deep branching bacteria. This CCL module catalyses the cleavage of the citryl-CoA intermediate into the products acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. In 2019, cryo-EM structures of human ACLY, alone or bound to substrates or products were reported as well. ACLY forms a homotetramer with a rigid citrate synthase homology (CSH) module, flanked by four flexible acetyl-CoA synthetase homology (ASH) domains; CoA is bound at the CSH–ASH interface in mutually exclusive productive or unproductive conformations. The structure of a catalytic mutant of ACLY in the presence of ATP, citrate and CoA substrates reveals a CoA and phosphor-citrate intermediate in the N-terminal domain. Cryo-EM structures of products bound ACLY and substrates bound ACLY were also determined at 3.0 Å and 3.1 Å. An EM structure of mutant E599Q in complex with CoA and phospho-citrate intermediate was determined at resolution of 2.9 Å. Comparison between these structures of apo-ACLY and ligands bound ACLY demonstrated conformational changes on ASH domain (N-terminal domain) when different ligands bind.
1545:
732:. In 2019, a full length structure of human ACLY in complex with the substrates coenzyme A, citrate and Mg.ADP was determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 3.2 Ă…. Moreover, in 2019 a full length structure of ACLY in complex with an inhibitor was determined by cryo-EM methods to a resolution of 3.7 Ă…. Additional structures of heteromeric ACLY-A/B from the
241:
754:. Full length ACLY structures showed that the tetrameric protein oligomerizes via its C-terminal domain. The C-terminal domain had not been observed in the previously determined truncated crystal structures. The C-terminal region of ACLY assembles in a tetrameric module that is structurally similar to
497:
In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates acetyl-CoA for cytosolically-synthesized metabolites; Acetyl-CoA is not transported across subcellular membranes of plants. Such metabolites include: elongated fatty acids (used in seed oils, membrane
314:
3MWE, 3PFF, 5TDE, 5TDF, 5TDM, 5TDZ, 5TE1, 5TEQ, 5TES, 5TET, 6HXH, 6HXK, 6HXL, 6HXM, 6O0H, 6QFB 3MWD, 3MWE, 3PFF, 5TDE, 5TDF, 5TDM, 5TDZ, 5TE1, 5TEQ, 5TES, 5TET, 6HXH, 6HXK, 6HXL, 6HXM, 6O0H, 6QFB
1216:
Aoshima M, Ishii M, Igarashi Y (May 2004). "A novel enzyme, citryl-CoA lyase, catalysing the second step of the citrate cleavage reaction in
Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6".
2250:
1414:
Lovell SC, Davis IW, Arendall WB, de Bakker PI, Word JM, Prisant MG, et al. (February 2003). "Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi,psi and Cbeta deviation".
562:); malonyl and acyl-derivatives (d-amino acids, malonylated flavonoids, acylated, prenylated and malonated proteins). De novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plants occurs in
195:
272:
214:
1776:
1771:
1165:
Wei J, Leit S, Kuai J, Therrien E, Rafi S, Harwood HJ, et al. (April 2019). "An allosteric mechanism for potent inhibition of human ATP-citrate lyase".
1577:
1523:
1759:
2243:
1766:
2632:
2228:
2566:
1754:
1454:
Lill U, Schreil A, Eggerer H (July 1982). "Isolation of enzymically active fragments formed by limited proteolysis of ATP citrate lyase".
2488:
2421:
1926:
296:
2380:
1894:
486:
of apparently identical subunits. In animals, the product, acetyl-CoA, is used in several important biosynthetic pathways, including
2607:
2426:
2236:
1959:
1710:
1648:
2416:
1705:
1700:
284:
207:
2492:
1643:
1012:
2408:
1658:
1570:
134:
2115:
277:
158:
802:
1823:
1803:
1717:
1535:
965:"Molecular characterization of a heteromeric ATP-citrate lyase that generates cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A in Arabidopsis"
2509:
1744:
1638:
1633:
775:
2340:
1906:
1680:
2335:
2642:
2330:
1916:
1749:
1623:
1359:
Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL, Lalwani ND, Bloedon LT, Sterling LR, et al. (CLEAR Harmony Trial) (March 2019).
2100:
2589:
2550:
2532:
2364:
2216:
2203:
2190:
2177:
2164:
2151:
2138:
1864:
1840:
1791:
1675:
1628:
1603:
1563:
2110:
2064:
2007:
1869:
1594:
1514:
1070:
1028:"A role for ATP-citrate lyase, malic enzyme, and pyruvate/citrate cycling in glucose-induced insulin secretion"
751:
618:
349:
152:
45:
2385:
2012:
1911:
1818:
1483:
Srere PA, Lipmann F (1953). "An enzymatic reaction between citrate, adenosine triphosphate and coenzyme A".
444:
436:
424:
139:
2451:
2399:
2307:
1879:
1874:
1739:
583:
440:
2267:
2033:
1952:
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1854:
746:
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366:
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219:
2105:
127:
2317:
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1808:
1795:
1695:
1174:
817:
650:
62:
2527:
2481:
2345:
2322:
2069:
1653:
907:"Identification of the citrate-binding site of human ATP-citrate lyase using X-ray crystallography"
737:
57:
717:
citrate synthase domain. The cleft between the CoA binding and citrate synthase domains forms the
155:
2002:
1439:
1241:
1198:
841:
491:
79:
801:
Verschueren KH, Blanchet C, Felix J, Dansercoer A, De Vos D, Bloch Y, et al. (April 2019).
2637:
2302:
1884:
1613:
1471:
1431:
1392:
1341:
1290:
1233:
1190:
1147:
1106:
1049:
994:
938:
882:
833:
725:
308:
146:
1510:
1066:
2263:
2048:
2043:
2017:
1945:
1849:
1813:
1492:
1463:
1423:
1382:
1372:
1331:
1321:
1280:
1272:
1225:
1182:
1137:
1096:
1039:
984:
976:
928:
918:
872:
825:
755:
370:
361:
245:
Crystal structure of human ATP citrate lyase in complex with citrate, coenzyme A and Mg.ADP.
859:
Elshourbagy NA, Near JC, Kmetz PJ, Wells TN, Groot PH, Saxty BA, et al. (March 1992).
2095:
2079:
1992:
1889:
1590:
1555:
963:
Fatland BL, Ke J, Anderson MD, Mentzen WI, Cui LW, Allred CC, et al. (October 2002).
771:
559:
390:
354:
115:
1178:
821:
91:
2542:
2519:
2436:
2133:
2074:
1549:
1467:
1336:
1309:
1285:
1260:
933:
906:
877:
860:
767:
599:
190:
50:
989:
964:
803:"Structure of ATP citrate lyase and the origin of citrate synthase in the Krebs cycle"
170:
2626:
2038:
1997:
1527:
1229:
710:
679:
662:
646:
555:
511:
165:
1245:
1202:
845:
2271:
1987:
1443:
1310:"Author Correction: Molecular basis for acetyl-CoA production by ATP-citrate lyase"
591:
579:
543:
527:
507:
499:
1101:
1084:
325:
17:
2293:
2211:
2146:
1982:
1828:
1586:
718:
691:
674:
642:
487:
400:
174:
1544:
1142:
1125:
724:
In 2010, a structure of truncated human ATP citrate lyase was determined using
2581:
2356:
2275:
2259:
1326:
1276:
1186:
829:
714:
706:
684:
575:
574:
ATP citrate lyase is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of citrate and
551:
539:
531:
479:
464:
452:
432:
332:
2185:
2159:
923:
654:
523:
476:
1435:
1396:
1387:
1345:
1294:
1237:
1194:
1151:
1110:
1053:
1044:
1027:
998:
942:
837:
702:
genes probably occurred early in the evolutionary history of this kingdom.
1475:
1377:
1360:
886:
586:. In the presence of ATP and CoA, citrate lyase catalyzes the cleavage of
2599:
1618:
1124:
Pietrocola F, Galluzzi L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Madeo F, Kroemer G (2015).
729:
658:
535:
503:
483:
475:
ATP citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of
337:
1496:
1427:
1259:
Wei X, Schultz K, Bazilevsky GA, Vogt A, Marmorstein R (January 2020).
742:
713:, followed by a CoA binding domain and CoA-ligase domain and finally a
666:
630:
587:
563:
519:
448:
428:
313:
122:
103:
980:
2475:
2470:
2278:
2198:
1968:
1899:
1727:
1722:
1663:
547:
460:
420:
320:
202:
98:
86:
74:
766:
The enzyme's action can be inhibited by the coenzyme A-conjugate of
447:, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates
1308:
Wei X, Schultz K, Bazilevsky GA, Vogt A, Marmorstein R (May 2020).
2502:
2497:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2172:
1781:
1668:
1026:
Guay C, Madiraju SR, Aumais A, Joly E, Prentki M (December 2007).
670:
515:
456:
1361:"Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol"
1685:
1261:"Molecular basis for acetyl-CoA production by ATP-citrate lyase"
301:
110:
2232:
1941:
1559:
240:
1126:"Acetyl Coenzyme A: A Central Metabolite and Second Messenger"
721:
of the enzyme, where both citrate and acetyl-coenzyme A bind.
566:; thus, ATP citrate lyase is not relevant to this pathway.
1937:
861:"Cloning and expression of a human ATP-citrate lyase cDNA"
610:
citrate + ATP + CoA → oxaloacetate + Acetyl-CoA + ADP + P
905:
Sun T, Hayakawa K, Bateman KS, Fraser ME (August 2010).
1085:"ATP-Citrate Lyase: A Key Player in Cancer Metabolism"
1533:
2598:
2579:
2559:
2541:
2518:
2444:
2435:
2407:
2398:
2373:
2354:
2316:
2292:
2285:
2124:
2088:
2057:
2026:
1975:
1839:
1790:
1602:
396:
386:
381:
360:
348:
343:
331:
319:
307:
295:
283:
271:
263:
255:
250:
233:
213:
201:
189:
184:
164:
145:
133:
121:
109:
97:
85:
73:
68:
56:
44:
39:
34:
451:acetyl-CoA precursors of thousands of specialized
423:that in animals represents an important step in
778:in February 2020 for use in the United States.
958:
956:
954:
952:
2244:
1953:
1571:
8:
1777:2-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
1772:1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
2441:
2404:
2289:
2251:
2237:
2229:
1960:
1946:
1938:
1578:
1564:
1556:
1524:United States National Library of Medicine
641:The enzyme is composed of two subunits in
378:
239:
181:
1513:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1386:
1376:
1335:
1325:
1314:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
1284:
1265:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
1141:
1100:
1069:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1043:
988:
932:
922:
876:
1522:This article incorporates text from the
1485:Journal of the American Chemical Society
774:in humans. The drug was approved by the
1540:
786:
1767:Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase
750:show that the architecture of ACLY is
705:The mammalian ATP citrate lyase has a
230:
31:
1760:Lecithin—cholesterol acyltransferase
1083:Zaidi N, Swinnen JV, Smans K (2012).
709:citrate-binding domain that adopts a
7:
2567:Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase
1755:Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase
900:
898:
896:
796:
794:
792:
790:
690:Animal ACL enzymes are homomeric; a
2422:Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase
1927:Sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase
1619:Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase
1365:The New England Journal of Medicine
1032:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
911:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
617:This enzyme was formerly given the
2381:Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1843:: converted into alkyl on transfer
1468:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06731.x
878:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16659.x
25:
2608:Long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase
2427:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II
1649:Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
482:in many tissues. The enzyme is a
2417:Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I
1701:Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
1543:
1456:European Journal of Biochemistry
1230:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04010.x
1013:"Entrez Gene: ATP citrate lyase"
865:European Journal of Biochemistry
1644:Beta-galactoside transacetylase
1659:Serotonin N-acetyl transferase
1606:: other than amino-acyl groups
494:. It is activated by insulin.
1:
1824:Keratinocyte transglutaminase
1804:Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
1718:Serine C-palmitoyltransferase
1102:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-4112
439:, which yields citrate as an
2633:Genes on human chromosome 17
2510:Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
1745:Aminolevulinic acid synthase
1639:Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
1634:Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
776:Food and Drug Administration
2341:3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase
1907:2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
2659:
2331:Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase
1917:2-isopropylmalate synthase
1750:Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase
1624:N-Acetylglutamate synthase
1143:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.014
770:, a compound which lowers
582:, driven by hydrolysis of
550:; and, mevalonate-derived
2590:Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
2551:Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
2533:2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
2365:Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
2116:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
1865:Decylhomocitrate synthase
1676:Histone acetyltransferase
1629:Choline acetyltransferase
1327:10.1038/s41594-020-0421-9
1277:10.1038/s41594-019-0351-6
1187:10.1038/s41586-019-1094-6
830:10.1038/s41586-019-1095-5
377:
238:
180:
2336:Î’-Ketoacyl ACP reductase
2008:Diffusion-limited enzyme
1870:2-methylcitrate synthase
1515:Medical Subject Headings
1071:Medical Subject Headings
752:evolutionarily conserved
728:to a resolution of 2.10
578:(CoA) to acetyl-CoA and
417:ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)
1912:3-propylmalate synthase
1819:Tissue transglutaminase
924:10.1074/jbc.M109.078667
633:in plants and animals.
445:fatty acid biosynthesis
437:carbohydrate metabolism
425:fatty acid biosynthesis
234:Human ATP citrate lyase
2452:Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
2308:Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
1880:3-ethylmalate synthase
1875:2-ethylmalate synthase
1740:Acyltransferase like 2
1218:Molecular Microbiology
1045:10.1074/jbc.M707294200
2268:fatty acid metabolism
2101:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
2034:Allosteric regulation
1860:Citrate (Re)-synthase
1855:Decylcitrate synthase
1796:Aminoacyltransferases
1696:palmitoyltransferases
1378:10.1056/NEJMoa1803917
747:Methanosaeta concilii
734:green sulfur bacteria
596:adenosine diphosphate
590:to yield acetyl CoA,
2318:Fatty acid synthesis
2111:Lineweaver–Burk plot
1922:Homocitrate synthase
1809:Peptidyl transferase
413:ATP citrate synthase
35:ATP citrate synthase
2528:Enoyl CoA isomerase
2482:Enoyl-CoA hydratase
2346:Enoyl ACP reductase
2323:Fatty acid synthase
1654:N-acetyltransferase
1497:10.1021/ja01115a547
1179:2019Natur.568..566W
822:2019Natur.568..571V
738:Chlorobium limicola
435:, the enzyme links
2070:Enzyme superfamily
2003:Enzyme promiscuity
1614:acetyltransferases
1526:, which is in the
1428:10.1002/prot.10286
2643:Citric acid cycle
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2575:
2574:
2394:
2393:
2303:ATP citrate lyase
2226:
2225:
1935:
1934:
1885:ATP citrate lyase
1511:ATP Citrate Lyase
1371:(11): 1022–1032.
1173:(7753): 566–570.
1095:(15): 3709–3714.
1067:ATP+Citrate+Lyase
981:10.1104/pp.008110
816:(7753): 571–575.
726:X-ray diffraction
492:cholesterogenesis
410:
409:
406:
405:
229:
228:
225:
224:
128:metabolic pathway
18:ATP citrate lyase
16:(Redirected from
2650:
2442:
2405:
2374:Triacyl glycerol
2290:
2264:lipid metabolism
2253:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2106:Hanes–Woolf plot
2049:Enzyme activator
2044:Enzyme inhibitor
2018:Enzyme catalysis
1962:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1895:HMG-CoA synthase
1850:Citrate synthase
1814:Transglutaminase
1591:acyltransferases
1580:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1500:
1479:
1447:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1038:(49): 35657–65.
1023:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1003:
1002:
992:
969:Plant Physiology
960:
947:
946:
936:
926:
917:(35): 27418–28.
902:
891:
890:
880:
856:
850:
849:
807:
798:
756:citryl-CoA lyase
560:brassinosteroids
427:. By converting
379:
243:
231:
182:
32:
27:Class of enzymes
21:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2594:
2571:
2555:
2537:
2514:
2431:
2390:
2369:
2350:
2321:
2312:
2281:
2257:
2227:
2222:
2134:Oxidoreductases
2120:
2096:Enzyme kinetics
2084:
2080:List of enzymes
2053:
2022:
1993:Catalytic triad
1971:
1966:
1936:
1931:
1890:Malate synthase
1835:
1786:
1598:
1584:
1554:
1542:
1534:
1507:
1482:
1453:
1450:
1413:
1409:
1407:Further reading
1404:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1130:Cell Metabolism
1123:
1122:
1118:
1089:Cancer Research
1082:
1081:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
962:
961:
950:
904:
903:
894:
858:
857:
853:
805:
800:
799:
788:
784:
772:LDL cholesterol
764:
651:Marchantimorpha
639:
627:
613:
605:
572:
473:
246:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2439:
2437:Beta oxidation
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2409:Acyl transport
2402:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2181:
2168:
2155:
2142:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2058:Classification
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1609:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1505:External links
1503:
1502:
1501:
1480:
1449:
1448:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1351:
1320:(5): 511–513.
1300:
1251:
1208:
1157:
1136:(6): 805–821.
1116:
1075:
1059:
1018:
1004:
948:
892:
851:
785:
783:
780:
768:bempedoic acid
763:
760:
669:), species of
663:monocotyledons
638:
635:
629:The enzyme is
626:
623:
615:
614:
611:
603:
600:orthophosphate
571:
568:
556:sesquiterpenes
472:
469:
408:
407:
404:
403:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
375:
374:
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107:
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95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2578:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
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2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
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2494:
2490:
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2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
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2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2450:
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2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2376:
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2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2347:
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2337:
2334:
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2329:
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2324:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
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2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Enzyme family
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:Cooperativity
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Oxyanion hole
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:public domain
1525:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:(3): 645–50.
1461:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:(3): 437–50.
1421:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1388:10044/1/68213
1384:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1224:(3): 763–70.
1223:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
975:(2): 740–56.
974:
970:
966:
959:
957:
955:
953:
949:
944:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
901:
899:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
804:
797:
795:
793:
791:
787:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
761:
759:
757:
753:
749:
748:
744:
740:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:Rossmann fold
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
681:
680:Chlamydomonas
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:Chlorophyceae
644:
636:
634:
632:
624:
622:
620:
609:
608:
607:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:; acetylated
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:sphingolipids
505:
501:
500:phospholipids
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
402:
399:
395:
392:
389:
385:
380:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
363:
359:
356:
353:
351:
347:
342:
339:
336:
334:
330:
327:
324:
322:
318:
315:
312:
310:
306:
303:
300:
298:
294:
291:
288:
286:
282:
279:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
242:
237:
232:
221:
218:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
200:
197:
194:
192:
188:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
167:
166:Gene Ontology
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
136:
132:
129:
126:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
108:
105:
104:NiceZyme view
102:
100:
96:
93:
90:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
52:
49:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2272:triglyceride
2212:Translocases
2209:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2147:Transferases
2144:
2131:
1988:Binding site
1736:
1694:
1612:
1587:Transferases
1521:
1520:
1491:(19): 4874.
1488:
1484:
1459:
1455:
1419:
1415:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1271:(1): 33–41.
1268:
1264:
1254:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1062:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1007:
972:
968:
914:
910:
871:(2): 491–9.
868:
864:
854:
813:
809:
765:
762:Pharmacology
745:
736:
723:
704:
699:
695:
689:
678:
675:glaucophytes
643:green plants
640:
628:
616:
592:oxaloacetate
580:oxaloacetate
573:
544:anthocyanins
528:malonic acid
506:moieties of
496:
474:
455:, including
441:intermediate
416:
412:
411:
369:
264:Alt. symbols
92:BRENDA entry
29:
2520:Unsaturated
2400:Degradation
2357:desaturases
2355:Fatty acid
2294:Malonyl-CoA
1983:Active site
1829:Factor XIII
719:active site
685:prokaryotes
645:(including
598:(ADP), and
558:, sterols,
552:isoprenoids
540:isoprenoids
488:lipogenesis
465:polyketides
453:metabolites
391:Swiss-model
251:Identifiers
80:IntEnz view
40:Identifiers
2627:Categories
2582:acetyl-CoA
2386:Thiokinase
2276:fatty acid
2260:Metabolism
2186:Isomerases
2160:Hydrolases
2027:Regulation
782:References
715:C-terminal
707:N-terminal
576:Coenzyme A
524:flavonoids
480:acetyl-CoA
433:acetyl-CoA
387:Structures
382:Search for
344:Other data
149:structures
116:KEGG entry
63:9027-95-6
2600:Aldehydes
2543:Odd chain
2296:synthesis
2286:Synthesis
2065:EC number
655:Bryopsida
637:Structure
631:cytosolic
621:4.1.3.8.
619:EC number
536:alkaloids
532:phenolics
477:cytosolic
449:cytosolic
350:EC number
326:NM_001096
273:NCBI gene
69:Databases
2638:EC 2.3.3
2089:Kinetics
2013:Cofactor
1976:Activity
1681:P300/CBP
1436:12557186
1416:Proteins
1397:30865796
1346:32242119
1295:31873304
1246:32105039
1238:15101982
1203:93000843
1195:30944472
1152:26039447
1111:22787121
1054:17928289
999:12376641
943:20558738
846:92999924
838:30944476
743:archaeon
741:and the
667:eudicots
659:Pinaceae
625:Location
570:Reaction
564:plastids
504:ceramide
484:tetramer
471:Function
419:) is an
401:InterPro
220:proteins
208:articles
196:articles
153:RCSB PDB
2445:General
2279:enzymes
2199:Ligases
1969:Enzymes
1550:Biology
1476:6749502
1444:8358424
1337:8439269
1286:8436250
1175:Bibcode
934:2930740
887:1371749
818:Bibcode
694:of the
588:citrate
554:(e.g.,
520:suberin
512:cuticle
461:sterols
443:, with
429:citrate
397:Domains
367:Chr. 17
355:2.3.3.8
333:UniProt
175:QuickGO
140:profile
123:MetaCyc
58:CAS no.
51:2.3.3.8
2476:ACADSB
2471:ACADVL
2173:Lyases
1900:HMGCS2
1737:other:
1728:SPTLC2
1723:SPTLC1
1664:HGSNAT
1536:Portal
1517:(MeSH)
1474:
1442:
1434:
1395:
1344:
1334:
1293:
1283:
1244:
1236:
1201:
1193:
1167:Nature
1150:
1109:
1073:(MeSH)
1052:
997:
990:166603
987:
941:
931:
885:
844:
836:
810:Nature
692:fusion
683:, and
665:, and
548:sugars
546:, and
518:, and
502:, the
463:, and
421:enzyme
415:(also
338:P53396
321:RefSeq
302:108728
256:Symbol
203:PubMed
185:Search
171:AmiGO
159:PDBsum
99:ExPASy
87:BRENDA
75:IntEnz
46:EC no.
2560:Other
2503:HADHB
2498:HADHA
2466:ACADS
2461:ACADM
2456:ACADL
2125:Types
1841:2.3.3
1792:2.3.2
1782:ABHD5
1669:ARD1A
1604:2.3.1
1440:S2CID
1242:S2CID
1199:S2CID
842:S2CID
806:(PDF)
671:fungi
516:cutin
457:waxes
371:q21.2
362:Locus
135:PRIAM
2493:HADH
2274:and
2217:list
2210:EC7
2204:list
2197:EC6
2191:list
2184:EC5
2178:list
2171:EC4
2165:list
2158:EC3
2152:list
2145:EC2
2139:list
2132:EC1
1711:CPT2
1706:CPT1
1686:NAT2
1597:2.3)
1472:PMID
1432:PMID
1393:PMID
1342:PMID
1291:PMID
1234:PMID
1191:PMID
1148:PMID
1107:PMID
1050:PMID
995:PMID
939:PMID
883:PMID
834:PMID
700:ACLB
698:and
696:ACLA
490:and
297:OMIM
285:HGNC
259:ACLY
215:NCBI
156:PDBe
111:KEGG
2580:To
2489:MTP
1493:doi
1464:doi
1460:125
1424:doi
1383:hdl
1373:doi
1369:380
1332:PMC
1322:doi
1281:PMC
1273:doi
1226:doi
1183:doi
1171:568
1138:doi
1097:doi
1040:doi
1036:282
985:PMC
977:doi
973:130
929:PMC
919:doi
915:285
873:doi
869:204
826:doi
814:568
606:):
584:ATP
522:);
431:to
309:PDB
290:115
267:ACL
191:PMC
147:PDB
2629::
2491::
2270:,
2266:/
2262::
1794::
1595:EC
1589::
1489:75
1487:.
1470:.
1458:.
1438:.
1430:.
1420:50
1418:.
1391:.
1381:.
1367:.
1363:.
1340:.
1330:.
1318:27
1316:.
1312:.
1289:.
1279:.
1269:27
1267:.
1263:.
1240:.
1232:.
1222:52
1220:.
1197:.
1189:.
1181:.
1169:.
1146:.
1134:21
1132:.
1128:.
1105:.
1093:72
1091:.
1087:.
1048:.
1034:.
1030:.
993:.
983:.
971:.
967:.
951:^
937:.
927:.
913:.
909:.
895:^
881:.
867:.
863:.
840:.
832:.
824:.
812:.
808:.
789:^
687:.
677:,
673:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
602:(P
594:,
542:,
538:,
534:,
526:;
514:,
510:,
467:.
459:,
278:47
173:/
2478:)
2454:(
2320:/
2252:e
2245:t
2238:v
2219:)
2215:(
2206:)
2202:(
2193:)
2189:(
2180:)
2176:(
2167:)
2163:(
2154:)
2150:(
2141:)
2137:(
1961:e
1954:t
1947:v
1698::
1616::
1593:(
1579:e
1572:t
1565:v
1538::
1530:.
1499:.
1495::
1478:.
1466::
1446:.
1426::
1399:.
1385::
1375::
1348:.
1324::
1297:.
1275::
1248:.
1228::
1205:.
1185::
1177::
1154:.
1140::
1113:.
1099::
1056:.
1042::
1015:.
1001:.
979::
945:.
921::
889:.
875::
848:.
828::
820::
730:Ă…
612:i
604:i
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.