291:
fluid pressure the transfer case is supplied with from the pump, the more the clutch pack engages, enabling the torque to the front wheels to be varied. Exiting the transfer case, the front drive shaft runs along the right side of the transmission, into a differential located on the right of the engines sump. This is a cast aluminum unit, with the sump and front differential made as a single unit that cannot be separated. The front right axle is shorter than the left, because the differential is closer to the right wheel. The front left axle runs through the engine's sump to the left wheel.
295:
into a computer, which controls both the ATTESA-ETS AWD system and the ABS system. The computer can then direct up to 50% of the power to the front wheels. When slip is detected on one of the rear wheels (a rear wheel turn 5% or more than the front wheels), the system directs torque to the front wheels which run a non-limited slip differential. Rather than locking the AWD in all the time or having a system that is "all or nothing", the ATTESA E-TS system can apportion different
2997:
36:
337:. Additionally, ATTESA E-TS Pro was marketed as controlling the ABS system to each wheel independently, while the previous ABS computer could sense the speed of each wheel its ABS pump is only 3-channel (both rear brakes are linked as a pair). Although this is not part of the AWD system, the computer makes use of the same sensors to determine wheel slip and traction.
252:. Although the Skyline GT-R is exclusively AWD with manual transmission, ATTESA E-TS is also used in Nissan models that are available as rear wheel drive (RWD) with automatic transmissions fitted, such as the A31 Nissan Cefiro which was the second Nissan to feature the system exactly a year later in August 1990, and vehicles based on the
320:
In 1995, with the introduction of the R33 Skyline GT-R, Nissan introduced a new version of their ATTESA system. It was named ATTESA-ETS Pro, as an upgrade from the earlier ATTESA-ETS. It was standard equipment in the R33 & R34 Skyline GT-R V.spec (Victory
Specification) model, and was offered as
290:
Situated on top of the rear differential is a high pressure, low volume electric pump. This pump pressurizes Normal ATF (0-288 psi) into the transfer case to engage the clutch pack. This fluid only engages the clutch pack and does not mix with the NS-ATF lubricating the transfer case. The higher the
274:
The drive for the front wheels comes from a transfer case bolted on the end of an almost traditional Nissan RWD transmission. A short driveshaft for the front wheels exits the transfer case on the right side. Inside the transfer case a multi-row chain drives a multi-plate wet clutch pack. Drive from
351:
uses an updated version of the ATTESA E-TS, which is designed to work with the car's rear transaxle layout. The system is unique in the way that it utilizes two driveshafts under the vehicle's centerline, with a second driveshaft running slightly to the right of the main driveshaft which transfers
294:
To control the ATTESA E-TS system, there is a 16-bit computer that monitors the cars movements 10 times per second to sense traction loss by measuring the speed of each wheel via the ABS sensors. Also a three-axis G-Sensor mounted underneath the center console feeds lateral and longitudinal inputs
355:
Unlike the previous ATTESA systems which relied heavily on mechanical feedback, the system in the GT-R uses electronic sensors and hydraulically actuated clutches. It also has a yaw-rate feedback control system, effectively managing slip angle. Front-to-rear torque split can go from 2:98 during a
218:
there is less power lost due to friction. However, it is no longer a full-time 4WD system, and since the coupling is in the rear differential, the driveshaft itself is constantly driven even though it is not connected to anything, which saps some power and efficiency (the analogue being the front
311:
Some models fitted with the ATTESA E-TS system (such as the Nissan RS4 Stagea) have a "S" button on the dash. This will bypass the control system of the ATTESA E-TS computer and lock the transfer case into full 4WD. This is to be used at low speeds in snowy/icy conditions only as understeer is
303:
From the factory, the system is set up to provide slight oversteer in handling, and in fact the harder the car is cornered, the LESS the AWD system engages the front wheels. This promotes the oversteer rather than understeer which is apparent in most AWD/4WD vehicles. The advantage to a more
166:
in the
Japanese market, entering production in September 1987. The system ran right throughout the U12 series (RNU12/HNU12) and was fitted to numerous U12 models with differing engine and transmission combinations. An almost identical system is fitted to the RNN14 GTi-R
287:. This unit is lubricated with its own dedicated NS-ATF fluid supply (Nissan Special Automatic Transmission Fluid) and is not in any way connected to the fluid in the transmission. Some Nissan models have an external cooler with an electric pump to cool this fluid.
332:
ATTESA E-TS Pro differs from the standard ATTESA E-TS in a few ways. Where ATTESA E-TS controls the front to rear torque-split, the Pro system is also capable of left-and-right torque split to the rear wheels. This is done via an active rear
343:
The R33 Skyline regularly updates the speed of the rear wheels to the wheel speed sensors 100 times per second while the R34 Skyline regularly updates the speed of the rear wheels to the wheel sensors 1,000 times per second.
213:
only. When the computer detects slippage of the front wheels, the viscous coupling engages and transfers up to 50% of the torque to the rear wheels. This system is superior in some aspects since the standard operation is
208:
for the rear wheels (i.e. there is no longer a "center" differential). Housed in the rear differential is a viscous coupling that in normal conditions is disengaged. This means that for general driving, the system is
299:
ratios to the front wheels as it sees fit. This provides the driver with an AWD vehicle that performs like a rear wheel drive vehicle in perfect conditions and can recover control when conditions aren't as perfect.
283:(the system thus does not involve a regular gear differential as in a full-time 4WD layout, but rather a center clutch), similar to the type employed in the Steyr-Daimler-Puch system in the
244:
version of this all-wheel drive architecture is a more advanced system developed for Nissan vehicles with a longitudinal drive train layout. It was first used in August 1989 in the
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On ATTESA E-TS Pro equipped vehicles, the front differential remains a standard differential, not being linked to the ATTESA E-TS Pro system.
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The ATTESA E-TS version uses a mostly conventional RWD transmission. Drive to the rear wheels is constant via a tailshaft and rear
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was also available as an option on some rear wheel drive
Nissans such as the R33 GTS25t, the C34 RS Stagea and Y33 Cima S-Four..
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on the rear of the transmission. Front-to-rear torque split can go from 0:100 during acceleration to a maximum of 50:50.
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now contained a differential that drives the front wheels. However, an extra shaft from this differential also drives a
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Quite similar to offerings from other manufacturers, drive passes from the gearbox to a center
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From 2000 model year onwards, the system received an update where, as with a typical
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632:(with Active Brake Limited Split for side-to-side torque split, as needed)
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2008 Nissan GT-R - Engine and AWD System - First Look - Motor Trend
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an option on the standard
Skyline GT-R models called the "Active
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267:, but drive to the front wheels is more complex by utilizing a
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137:
Advanced Total
Traction Engineering System for All-Terrain
651:
ATTESA E-TS Pro system is used in the following models:
571:
Y32 and Y33 1992-2001 Nissan Cima Type II Limited S-Four
204:
housed in the transfer case that permanently turns a
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ATTESA E-TS system is used in the following models:
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
754:- a torque vectoring four-wheel drive system from
175:, finding usage in numerous other Nissan models.
158:The 'mechanical' ATTESA system was developed for
308:) system is response in hundredths of a second.
151:, including some models under its luxury marque
27:Four-wheel drive system for Nissan automobiles
844:
256:(which are sold in certain markets under the
8:
566:R32 and R33 (1989–1997) GT-R, GTS-4 Skyline
2525:
1138:
851:
837:
829:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
785:
363:
642:Nissan Skyline Sedan 350GT FOUR Hybrid
991:Nissan Motorsports & Customizing
356:standing start to a maximum of 50:50
171:and the HNU13 Bluebird and the HNP10
7:
1038:Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli S.p.A.
275:the chain is apportioned using this
58:adding citations to reliable sources
772:- the four wheel drive system from
638:(Gloria/Cedric with RB25DET engine)
594:C34 (1994–1997) and C35 (1997–2002)
147:produced by the Japanese automaker
3029:Four-wheel-drive system tradenames
1077:Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance
576:1990–1994 Nissan Cefiro SE4, LNA31
25:
819:Car Information Database (Nissan)
793:Video of ATTESA system components
763:- a four-wheel drive system from
745:- a four-wheel drive system from
743:Quattro (four wheel drive system)
711:- a four-wheel drive system from
702:- a four-wheel drive system from
693:- a four-wheel drive system from
2996:
2995:
2959:Nissan Motors v. Nissan Computer
2167:CONCEPT 2020 Vision Gran Turismo
312:greatly increased in this mode.
34:
1072:Renault Nissan Automotive India
45:needs additional citations for
607:Nissan Skyline (V35 & V36)
1:
987:Nissan Motor Manufacturing UK
659:(offered as a factory option)
673:V-spec, V-spec II and M-spec
824:Nissan Bluebird Car Club NZ
770:Symmetrical All Wheel Drive
352:power to the front wheels.
3045:
2912:Nissan Stadium (Nashville)
1663:Grand Livina/Livina Geniss
680:(different implementation)
279:pack in the transfer case
2983:
2917:Nissan Stadium (Yokohama)
612:Infiniti M35x/45x/37x/56x
325:option". The active rear
183:limited slip differential
2989:Dongfeng Motor Co., Ltd.
961:Nissan Manufacturing Rus
630:Nissan Skyline Crossover
603:Infiniti G35x/G25x/G37x
246:R32 Nissan Skyline GT-R
242:Electronic Torque Split
2907:Nissan Proving Grounds
982:Nissan Motor Indonesia
967:Nissan Motor Australia
598:1997–2003 Infiniti QX4
1768:Murano CrossCabriolet
1395:Navara/Frontier/NP300
2902:Nissan Engine Museum
2382:New Mobility Concept
1012:Nissan North America
972:Nissan Motor Ibérica
860:Nissan Motor Company
304:traditional ATTESA (
250:Nissan Skyline GTS-4
143:system used in some
54:improve this article
2975:Yokohama F. Marinos
1022:Nissan South Africa
733:Nissan Skyline GT-R
671:Nissan Skyline GT-R
664:Nissan Skyline GT-R
657:Nissan Skyline GT-R
581:Nissan Skyline GT-R
1933:Roadster-Road Star
1017:Nissan Philippines
1007:Nissan New Zealand
977:Nissan Motor India
891:Defunct/Integrated
254:Nissan FM platform
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1963:Skyline Crossover
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1409:Commercial trucks
1115:Mitsubishi Motors
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756:Mitsubishi Motors
583:- 1989–2003
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360:Models and types
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141:four-wheel drive
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621:Infiniti QX70
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592:Nissan Laurel
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367:Nissan Model
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269:transfer case
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221:part-time 4x4
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135:(acronym for
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110:November 2018
102:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3001:
2957:
2932:
2067:240Z Concept
1968:Skyline GT-R
1881:Prince Royal
1346:Kei vehicles
1256:Patrol (Y61)
956:Nissan Korea
939:subsidiaries
915:Ohta Jidosha
799:
788:
650:
646:Infiniti Q50
560:
373:ATTESA type
354:
346:
342:
339:
331:
319:
310:
302:
293:
289:
273:
265:differential
262:
241:
239:
225:locking hubs
191:
187:differential
177:
157:
136:
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2987:A brand of
2490:Vmotion 2.0
2476:Trailrunner
2444:Sport Sedan
2330:Land Glider
2222:EV Guide II
2144:BladeGlider
1938:Rogue Sport
1513:Almera Tino
738:Nissan GT-R
678:Nissan GT-R
626:Infiniti EX
616:Nissan Fuga
349:Nissan GT-R
306:Viscous LSD
285:Porsche 959
145:automobiles
3018:Categories
2741:Straight-6
2621:G (Nissan)
2616:G (Prince)
2553:Straight-4
2530:Straight-3
2447:Stylish VI
2305:Invitation
2183:Denki Cube
2028:Versa Note
1993:Terrano II
1242:Pathfinder
963:(sold off)
780:References
704:Volkswagen
422:1991–1999
231:Variations
206:driveshaft
202:bevel gear
160:transverse
80:newspapers
18:ATTESA-ETS
2508:Z Concept
2462:Terranaut
2430:Round Box
2427:Resonance
2252:Friend-ME
2075:300 Bambu
1953:Saurus Jr
1886:President
1811:NV3500 HD
1796:NV2500 HD
1678:Hypermini
1326:Primastar
1306:Interstar
347:The 2009
198:transaxle
196:car, the
3002:Category
2938:CarWings
2438:Serenity
2275:Hi-Cross
2225:EV Truck
2205:Dunehawk
2173:Crossbow
2080:300 Seta
2038:Wingroad
1913:R390 GT1
1698:Kubistar
1633:Fairlady
1588:Civilian
1563:Cablight
1553:Bluebird
1431:vehicles
1390:Frontier
1336:Townstar
1132:Current
946:Infiniti
900:Kurogane
877:Infiniti
709:All-Trac
685:See also
405:Bluebird
316:E-TS Pro
258:Infiniti
164:Bluebird
153:Infiniti
69:"ATTESA"
2521:Engines
2493:Xmotion
2472:Townpod
2348:Magnite
2153:Chapeau
2110:Alpha T
2023:Vanette
1988:Terrano
1943:S-Cargo
1928:redi-Go
1923:Rasheen
1918:R'nessa
1876:Primera
1866:Presage
1861:Prairie
1856:Platina
1846:Pintara
1831:Paladin
1753:Mistral
1733:Liberty
1728:Leopard
1703:Lafesta
1648:Gazelle
1543:Bassara
1301:Elgrand
1271:X-Trail
1261:Qashqai
1232:Magnite
1191:Skyline
1121:Renault
1082:RN Bank
887:Venucia
873:Current
867:Marques
700:4motion
555:ATTESA
542:ATTESA
529:ATTESA
516:ATTESA
503:ATTESA
490:ATTESA
477:ATTESA
464:ATTESA
457:Prairie
451:ATTESA
444:Prairie
438:ATTESA
431:Prairie
425:ATTESA
418:Primera
412:ATTESA
399:ATTESA
386:ATTESA
180:viscous
173:Primera
139:) is a
94:scholar
3024:Nissan
2933:ATTESA
2895:Places
2512:Zaroot
2434:Saurus
2423:Qazana
2418:Pivo 3
2413:Pivo 2
2400:NX-018
2396:NV2500
2387:NRV-II
2335:Lannia
2301:Intima
2272:GT-R50
2255:Fusion
2239:FEV-II
2233:Extrem
2229:Evalia
2214:Esflow
2211:Ellure
2179:Cypact
2161:Cocoon
2157:Chappo
2150:C-Note
2114:Amenio
2043:Xterra
2033:Violet
1978:Stanza
1973:Stagea
1958:Silvia
1948:Saurus
1891:Pulsar
1871:Presea
1786:NV1500
1738:Maxima
1723:Laurel
1708:Lannia
1683:Junior
1658:Go/Go+
1653:Gloria
1638:Figaro
1628:Evalia
1623:Expert
1613:Dualis
1578:Cherry
1573:Cefiro
1568:Cedric
1558:Caball
1538:Avenir
1533:Auster
1528:Atleon
1374:Sakura
1331:Serena
1311:Livina
1251:Armada
1247:Patrol
1237:Murano
1186:Sylphy
1182:Sentra
1162:Altima
1043:COMPAS
995:Autech
920:Datsun
910:Shatai
895:Prince
882:Nissan
774:Subaru
761:SH-AWD
713:Toyota
691:4Matic
676:2008+
666:V-spec
496:Pulsar
483:Pulsar
470:Pulsar
392:Avenir
379:Avenir
297:torque
277:clutch
169:Pulsar
149:Nissan
133:ATTESA
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2948:HICAS
2926:Other
2882:VRT35
2873:GRX-3
2842:VEJ30
2504:Yanya
2479:TRI-X
2458:TeRRA
2404:NX-21
2378:NEO-X
2371:Nails
2357:Mixim
2344:LUC-2
2319:Kicks
2309:Jikoo
2269:Gripz
2248:Forum
2243:Foria
2208:Effis
2176:CUE-X
2140:Bevel
2135:AZEAL
2127:Ariya
2123:ARC-X
2094:Actic
2087:315-a
2084:300XM
2018:Truck
2013:Trade
2008:Titan
2003:Tiida
1983:Teana
1908:Quest
1901:GTI-R
1826:on-Do
1816:NV400
1806:NV350
1801:NV300
1791:NV250
1782:NT500
1773:NP200
1763:Multi
1748:Micra
1743:mi-Do
1718:Latio
1713:Largo
1598:Cross
1523:Aprio
1518:Altra
1478:300ZX
1468:280ZX
1458:240SX
1448:200SX
1443:180SX
1438:100NX
1416:Atlas
1321:NV200
1275:Rogue
1227:Kicks
1217:Ariya
1196:Tiida
1177:March
1157:Sunny
1153:Versa
1123:(15%)
1117:(34%)
1111:(75%)
1109:Jatco
1093:(50%)
1067:(50%)
1054:(50%)
1046:(50%)
1000:Nismo
905:Aichi
765:Honda
752:S-AWC
552:2000
548:Sunny
539:1997
535:Sunny
526:1992
522:Sunny
513:1989
509:Sunny
500:1999
487:1997
474:1989
461:1994
448:1992
435:1989
409:1987
396:1998
383:1990
101:JSTOR
87:books
2965:VVEL
2953:NAPS
2487:UV-X
2483:URGE
2467:Tone
2454:Sway
2408:Pivo
2392:Nuvu
2366:Moco
2361:mm.e
2353:MID4
2340:LEAF
2326:KYXX
2323:Kino
2315:Jura
2312:Judo
2278:ideo
2266:GR-2
2263:GR-1
2259:Gobi
2202:Duad
2170:CQ-X
2147:Boga
2120:AQ-X
2117:AP-X
2105:AL-X
2101:AD-2
2098:AD-1
2090:AA-X
2071:270X
2063:216X
2059:126X
1851:Pixo
1841:Pino
1758:Moco
1673:Homy
1643:Fuga
1618:Echo
1608:DC-3
1603:Cube
1593:Crew
1583:Cima
1548:Be-1
1508:1200
1493:370Z
1488:350Z
1473:300C
1463:240Z
1369:Roox
1354:Dayz
1316:Note
1222:Juke
1172:Leaf
1167:GT-R
1142:Cars
1064:NMKV
924:Sold
747:Audi
662:R33
248:and
240:The
236:E-TS
73:news
2970:VVL
2943:dCi
2870:V12
2861:W64
2856:VRH
2779:S20
2500:XVL
2496:XIX
2450:SUT
2375:NCS
2298:IMs
2295:IMq
2292:IMx
2289:IMk
2285:IDx
2281:IDS
2236:FEV
2218:ESV
2131:AXY
1896:EXA
1836:Pao
1693:Kix
1503:810
1498:510
1483:310
1453:210
335:LSD
327:LSD
323:LSD
227:).
216:FWD
211:FWD
194:FWD
56:by
3020::
2877:UD
2851:VK
2846:VH
2838:UD
2834:V8
2830:VR
2825:VQ
2820:VG
2815:VE
2811:V6
2794:UD
2789:TB
2784:SD
2774:RD
2769:RB
2759:LD
2731:ZD
2721:YD
2716:UD
2711:SR
2706:SD
2701:QR
2696:QG
2691:QD
2686:NR
2681:NA
2676:MR
2671:MA
2666:LD
2656:KR
2651:KA
2641:HR
2631:GB
2626:GA
2611:FJ
2606:FD
2591:CR
2586:CG
2581:CD
2576:CA
2566:BD
2543:UD
2538:HR
1821:NX
1291:AD
189:.
155:.
2866:Y
2804:V
2764:P
2754:L
2749:H
2726:Z
2661:L
2646:J
2636:H
2601:E
2596:D
2571:C
2561:A
1273:/
1249:/
1201:Z
1184:/
1155:/
1151:/
852:e
845:t
838:v
644:/
628:/
614:/
605:/
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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