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fire, and sat himself down and smoked; and as he smoked, the smoke from his pipe ascended into the air and spread like a cloud overhead. And Oloffe bethought him, and he hastened and climbed up to the top of one of the tallest trees, and saw that the smoke spread over a great extent of country; and as he considered it more attentively, he fancied that the great volume of smoke assumed a variety of marvelous forms, where in dim obscurity he saw shadowed out palaces and domes and lofty spires, all of which lasted but a moment, and then faded away, until the whole rolled off, and nothing but the green woods were left. And when St. Nicholas had smoked his pipe, he twisted it in his hatband, and laying his finger beside his nose, gave the astonished Van
Kortlandt a very significant look; then, mounting his wagon, he returned over the tree-tops and disappeared.
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By that time, the original publisher and at least seven others had already acknowledged his authorship. Livingston family lore gives credit to their forebear rather than Moore, but there is no proof that
Livingston himself ever claimed authorship, nor has any record ever been found of any printing of
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The reported involvement of two women, Harriet Butler and Sarah
Sackett, as intermediaries is consistent with the 1862 account of the poem's earliest transmission in which T. W. C. Moore describes two stages of copying, first "by a relative of Dr Moores in her Album" and second, "by a friend of hers,
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Foster's claim, however, has been countered by document dealer and historian Seth Kaller, who once owned one of Moore's original manuscripts of the poem. Kaller has offered a point-by-point rebuttal of both Foster's linguistic analysis and external findings, buttressed by the work of autograph expert
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library. The fourth copy, written out and signed by
Clement Clarke Moore as a gift to a friend in 1860, was sold by one private collector to another in December 2006. It was purchased for $ 280,000 by an unnamed "chief executive officer of a media company" who resides in New York City, according to
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And the sage Oloffe dreamed a dream,‍—‌and lo, the good St. Nicholas came riding over the tops of the trees, in that self-same wagon wherein he brings his yearly presents to children, and he descended hard by where the heroes of
Communipaw had made their late repast. And he lit his pipe by the
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credited Moore as the author when he included the piece in an anthology of
American poetry he had compiled. Moore himself acknowledged authorship when he included it in his own book of poems in 1844. By then, the original publisher and at least seven others had already acknowledged his authorship.
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of the
Victorianization of Christmas. Kaller claims that Foster cherry-picked only the poems that fit his thesis and that many of Moore's unpublished works have a tenor, phraseology, and meter similar to "A Visit". Moore had even written a letter titled "From Saint Nicholas" that may have predated
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as the preferred genteel family holiday of the season, but some
Protestants viewed Christmas as the result of "Catholic ignorance and deception" and still had reservations. By having Saint Nicholas arrive the night before, Moore "deftly shifted the focus away from Christmas Day with its
508:"several pieces, among which was the 'Visit from St. Nicholas.'" Admitting that he wrote it "not for publication, but to amuse my children," Moore claimed the Christmas poem in this 1844 letter as his "literary property, however small the intrinsic value of that property may be".
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version (that omitted several verses such as "The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow ... etc.". and rewrote and replaced many others such as "the prancing and pawing of each little hoof" with "the clattering noise of each galloping hoof"), by the
American composer
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Advocates for
Livingston's authorship argue that Moore "tried at first to disavow" the poem. They also posit that Moore falsely claimed to have translated a book. Document dealer and historian Seth Kaller has challenged both claims. Kaller examined the book in question,
717:, as well as many letters signed by Moore, and found that the "signature" was not penned by Moore, and thus provides no evidence that Moore made any plagiaristic claim. Kaller's findings were confirmed by autograph expert James Lowe, by Dr. Joe Nickell, the author of
555:, was a family friend of Moore's and possibly a distant relative. A letter to Moore from the publisher Norman Tuttle states, "I understand from Mr. Holley that he received it from Mrs. Sackett, the wife of Mr. Daniel Sackett who was then a merchant in this city".
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has a later manuscript of the poem in Moore's handwriting, forwarded by T. W. C. Moore along with a cover letter dated March 15, 1862 giving circumstances of the poem's original composition and transmission after a personal "interview" with Clement C. Moore.
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in 1992 and first performed by the Webster University Orchestra, SATB Soloists, and Chorus. More recent performances of the cantata have been performed by regional orchestras and choruses in Missouri, Illinois and Colorado.
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On 20 January 1829, Troy editor Orville L. Holley alluded to the author of the Christmas poem, using terms that accurately described Moore as a native and current resident of New York City, and as "a gentleman of
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hanging by the fireplace, and laughs to himself. They share a conspiratorial moment before Santa bounds up the chimney again. As he flies away, Santa calls out "Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night."
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Foster also contends that Moore hated tobacco and would, therefore, never have depicted Saint Nicholas with a pipe. However, Kaller notes, the source of evidence for Moore's supposed disapproval of tobacco is
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The first is the Pennsylvanians' jolly six-minute rendition of "'Twas the Night Before Christmas," which is probably the most famous musical adaptation ever recorded of that everlastingly popular holiday
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The Annotated Night Before Christmas: A Collection Of Sequels, Parodies, And Imitations Of Clement Moore's Immortal Ballad About Santa Claus; Edited, with an introduction and notes, by Martin Gardner
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The first completely musical rendition, that used the text of the poem in its entirety without material additions or alterations, was the cantata "A Visit from St. Nicholas" composed by
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and by others. According to Kaller, Moore's name was likely written on the book by a New-York Historical Society cataloger to indicate that it had been a gift from Moore to the Society.
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and had not wished at first to be connected with the unscholarly verse. He included it in the anthology at the insistence of his children, for whom he had originally written the piece.
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in 1809 under the name of "Dietrich Knickerbocker". It includes several references to legends of Saint Nicholas, including the following that bears a close relationship to the poem:
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The Battle for Christmas: A Social and Cultural History of Christmas that Shows How It Was Transformed from an Unruly Carnival Season into the Quintessential American Family Holiday
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on 23 December 1823, having been sent there by a friend of Moore, and was reprinted frequently thereafter with no name attached. It was first attributed in print to Moore in 1837.
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also composed a short version in 1952, titled "The Night Before Christmas Song", which has been recorded multiple times, and was used in the soundtrack for the 1964 TV special
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Moore originated many of the features that are still associated with Santa Claus today while borrowing other aspects, such as the use of reindeer. The poem was first published
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spelling of "Blitzen" that he adopted, rather than the version from 1823 "Dunder and Blixem" that is more similar to the old Dutch "Donder en Blixem" that translates to "
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still-problematic religious associations". As a result, "New Yorkers embraced Moore's child-centered version of Christmas as if they had been doing it all their lives."
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when Moore taught there, referred to a holiday figure of St. Nicholas as being "robed in fur, and dressed according to the description of Prof. Moore in his poem".
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from Troy". Moore preferred to be known for his more scholarly works, but allowed the poem to be included in his anthology in 1844 at the request of his children.
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criticizes self-righteous, hypocritical advocates of temperance who secretly indulge in the substances which they publicly oppose, and supports the social use of
500:(New York: George Dearborn, 1837). The Christmas poem appears on pp. 217–19, credited to "Clement C. Moore". Moore stated in a letter to the editor of the
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After landing his sleigh on the roof, Santa gets down the chimney. He carries a sack of toys, and the father watches his visitor deliver presents and fill the
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of "A Visit" is consistent with other poems by Livingston, and that Livingston's poetry is more optimistic than Moore's poetry published in his own name. But
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The poem has been called "arguably the best-known verses ever written by an American" and is largely responsible for some of the conceptions of
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and member of the same literary society – may have acquired some of his knowledge of New York Dutch traditions from Irving. Irving had written
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tradition and the use of the Dutch names "Dunder and Blixem". Against this claim, it is suggested by Kaller that Moore – a friend of writer
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that could explain how it got there. Harriet Butler of Troy, New York (daughter of the Rev. David Butler) who allegedly showed the poem to
515:(New York: Bartlett and Welford, 1844). Prior to 1844, the poem was included in two 1840 anthologies, attributed to "Clement C. Moore" in
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The night before Christmas : a descriptive bibliography of Clement Clarke Moore's immortal poem with editions from 1823 through 2000
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merit as a scholar and a writer than many of more noisy pretensions". In December 1833, a diary entry by Francis P. Lee, a student at
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visitors. "A Visit from St. Nicholas" eventually was set to music and has been recorded by several artists.
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Who Wrote "The Night Before Christmas"?: Analyzing the Clement Clarke Moore vs. Henry Livingston Question
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Who Wrote "The Night Before Christmas"?: Analyzing the Clement Clarke Moore vs. Henry Livingston Question
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Who Wrote "The Night Before Christmas"?: Analyzing the Clement Clarke Moore Vs. Henry Livingston Question
358:. His inspiration for the character of Saint Nicholas was a local Dutch handyman as well as the historic
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film about a town's annual Christmas Eve courtroom production debating the true authorship of the poem.
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and external evidence to argue that Moore could not have been the author. Foster believes that Major
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TWAS THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS,' A NEW, ORIGINAL MOVIE PREMIERING DECEMBER 17, ON HALLMARK CHANNEL"
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A History of New York: From the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty;[...]
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recited the poem in a March 1971 recording made only four months before his death. It was recorded
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The following points have been advanced in order to credit the poem to Major Henry Livingston Jr.:
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gift-giving. Before the poem gained wide popularity, American ideas had varied considerably about
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The cover of a series of illustrations for the "Night Before Christmas", published as part of the
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Four hand-written copies of the poem are known to exist and three are in museums, including the
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became the most familiar of the poem's musical adaptations. Christmas song-writing specialist
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1136:"Selections from the American Poets," by William Cullen Bryant, Harper & Bros., 1842
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the poem with Livingston's name attached to it, despite more than 40 years of searches.
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1732:""The Night Before Christmas" music by Johnny Marks; from "Rudolph" (1964) soundtrack"
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511:"A Visit from St. Nicholas" appears on pp. 124–27 in Moore's volume of collected
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three separate times; in 1942, 1955, and 1963. The latter 1963 stereo recording for
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who is said to have composed it on a snowy winter's day during a shopping trip on a
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1269:, Fall 2002, 54;4:293–308; Nickell, Joe. "The Case of the Christmas Poem: Part 2".
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recorded a version of "'Twas The Night Before Christmas" as part of her 1955 album
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from the mid-19th century to today. It has had a massive effect on the history of
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1234:"Major Henry Livingston Jr. (1748–1828) Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas"
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1421:"Literary Sleuth Casts Doubt on the Authorship of an Iconic Christmas Poem"
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After "A Visit from St. Nicholas" appeared under Moore's name in the 1837
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The original publication of "Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas" in the
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1646:"Fred Waring & His Pennsylvanians - Twas the Night Before Christmas"
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640: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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405:. At the time that Moore wrote the poem, Christmas Day was overtaking
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1560:'Twas the Night Before Christmas – University of Utah Combined Choirs
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Parts of the poem have been set to music numerous times, including a
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The poet of Christmas Eve: a life of Clement Clarke Moore, 1779–1863
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Track 4: 'Twas the Night Before Christmas (6:59). Music by Ken Darby
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Track 2: 'Twas the Night Before Christmas (6:45). Music by Ken Darby
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Lowe, James. "A Christmas to Remember: A Visit from St. Nicholas,"
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Lowe, James. "A Christmas to Remember: A Visit from St. Nicholas".
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from the original on 21 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
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Major Henry Livingston Jr., the author of "Night Before Christmas"
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Moore's connection with the poem has been questioned by Professor
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Moore's conception of Saint Nicholas was borrowed from his friend
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1199:( ed.). Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. p. 15.
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1714:"Song: The Night Before Christmas Song written by Johnny Marks"
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504:(published on March 1, 1844) that he "gave the publisher" of
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878:. The poem was also set to music by British child composer
1837:
Louis Armstrong: The Soundtrack of the American Experience
397:, but Moore portrayed his "jolly old elf" as arriving on
996:(2016). It also inspired two television specials called
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reprinted the Moore version of the poem, including the
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Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church
1997:
Analyzing Christmas in Film: Santa to the Supernatural
1616:"'Twas the Night Before Christmas Part 2, Decca 71282"
1586:"'Twas the Night Before Christmas Part 1, Decca 71252"
1087:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. pp. 462–63
62:
Text from the original publication of the poem in the
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Letter from N. Tuttle to Clement Clarke Moore. 1844.
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The Night before Christmas – music by Alma Deutscher
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Cover of a 1912 edition of the poem, illustrated by
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Twaz The Night Before Christmas – Celebrity Version
1864:
Louis Armstrong: The Life, Music, and Screen Career
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2221:, vol. 41, no. 4 (December 1972), pp. 373–80.
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1310:The New-York Historical Society Quarterly Bulletin
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4320:Works originally published in American newspapers
1484:. G.P. Putnam and Son, 661 Broadway. p. 144.
782:, which accounts for the references to the Dutch
778:Foster also asserts that Livingston's mother was
29:'Twas the Night Before Christmas (disambiguation)
1265:Nickell, Joe. "The Case of the Christmas Poem."
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890:with background music arranged and conducted by
727:Livingston also wrote poetry primarily using an
1909:"Long saga behind composer's Christmas cantata"
800:
2243:of a 1912 edition of the poem, illustrated by
1350:New-York Historical Society Quarterly Bulletin
1180:"The Authorship of The Night Before Christmas"
906:and released as 45rpm by Continental Records.
715:A Complete Treatise on Merinos and Other Sheep
4113:
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1299:(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996), 345 fn 85.
606:, reads the poem to children in December 2010
250:first published anonymously under the title "
8:
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1451:Kaller, Seth. "The Moore Things Change...,"
1229:
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16:1823 poem attributed to Clement Clarke Moore
2256:from The Internet Archive (Community Audio)
2216:"The Night Before Christmas": Who Wrote It?
1911:. St. Louis Post Dispatch. 1 December 2017.
852:(1909–1992), whose version was recorded by
775:, which was more acceptable then than now.
734:scheme, and it is claimed that some of the
25:The Night Before Christmas (disambiguation)
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2264:as read by 23 UK-known media personalities
1327:(New York: Morehouse-Gorham Co, 1956), 17.
1084:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
56:
35:
2112:Author Unknown: On the Trail of Anonymous
1803:James Lincoln Collier (10 October 1985).
1686:. AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. Archived from
1652:. AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. Archived from
1531:. AllMusic, Netaktion LLC. Archived from
1419:Kirkpatrick, David D. (26 October 2000).
700:Learn how and when to remove this message
2054:"TORREY DEVITTO AND ZANE HOLTZ STAR IN '
1680:"Fred Waring - The Meaning of Christmas"
1525:"Fred Waring - The Meaning of Christmas"
1453:The New-York Journal of American History
1363:"Revisiting 'A Visit from St. Nicholas'"
1070:
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962:The poem is read or recited in numerous
543:, he had close ties to Troy through the
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1967:"Copy of Poem Sold; 'Twas Worth $ 280K"
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746:that the poem could have been a social
537:Pennsylvania Inquirer and Daily Courier
328:, author of "A Visit from St. Nicholas"
2033:"IMDB Twas the Night Before Christmas"
1840:. Government Institutes. p. 148.
1150:. McFarland & Company. p. 4.
886:recorded a recitation of the poem for
3659:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2163:. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press.
1861:Scott Allen Nollen (1 January 2004).
1785:from the original on 21 December 2021
1567:from the original on 21 December 2021
975:National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
386:Moore had a reputation as an erudite
23:" redirect here. For other uses, see
7:
1975:. Associated Press. 19 December 2006
1626:from the original on 2 November 2020
1596:from the original on 2 November 2020
638:adding citations to reliable sources
252:Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas
79:Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas
1806:Louis Armstrong: An American Genius
1112:. Oxford University Press. p.
1044:List of Christmas-themed literature
579:, not Moore, was the poem's author.
381:In 1842, the noted poet and editor
227:project in 1934 by Helmuth F. Thoms
854:Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians
517:Selections from The American Poets
258:, who claimed authorship in 1837.
254:" in 1823 and later attributed to
19:"The Night Before Christmas" and "
14:
1834:David Stricklin (16 April 2010).
1193:Stedman, Edmund Clarence (1900).
1148:Santa Claus, Last of the Wild Men
954:which brokered the private sale.
938:Copy of the poem hand-written by
4262:
4250:
4080:
4079:
3535:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3430:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2207:. New York: Morehouse-Gorham Co.
2201:Patterson, Samuel White (1956).
1889:"Jo Stafford 1955 Happy Holiday"
1400:from the original on 16 May 2008
1196:An American Anthology, 1787-1900
1038:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
614:
415:An American Anthology, 1787–1900
202:
21:'Twas the Night Before Christmas
4188:Twas the Night Before Christmas
4177:Twas the Night Before Christmas
2292:Twas the Night Before Christmas
2278:Twas The Night Before Christmas
1016:Twas the Night Before Christmas
1001:Twas the Night Before Christmas
625:needs additional citations for
567:Evidence in favor of Livingston
492:appeared under Moore's name in
244:Twas the Night Before Christmas
3515:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3444:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2827:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2606:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2086:Jackson, MacDonald P. (2016).
1495:Jackson, MacDonald P. (2016).
1338:Museum of the City of New York
1243:, Representative Poetry Online
867:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
823:, a professor emeritus at the
1:
4315:Works of uncertain authorship
3466:Christmas television specials
3365:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2452:Annunciation to the shepherds
2268:"A Visit from Saint Nicholas"
2186:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
1205:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t72v36z23
235:", routinely referred to as "
4330:Works subject to expurgation
3520:Christmas and holiday season
2270:From the Collections at the
2178:Nissenbaum, Stephen (1997).
829:Royal Society of New Zealand
483:General Theological Seminary
246:" from its first line, is a
4325:Works published anonymously
2157:Marshall, Nancy H. (2002).
1946:New-York Historical Society
1942:"A Visit from St. Nicholas"
1217:Mann, Ted. "Ho, Ho, Hoax,"
947:New-York Historical Society
831:, authored a book in 2016,
649:"A Visit from St. Nicholas"
545:Protestant Episcopal Church
525:New-York Historical Society
506:The New-York Book of Poetry
494:The New-York Book of Poetry
225:Public Works Administration
4346:
4207:The Night Before Christmas
4158:The Night Before Christmas
4150:The Night Before Christmas
2432:Adoration of the Shepherds
1994:Rosewarne, Lauren (2017).
1867:. McFarland. p. 192.
1478:Washington Irving (1868).
1396:. Intermedia Enterprises.
472:Evidence in favor of Moore
237:The Night Before Christmas
18:
4134:A Visit from St. Nicholas
4075:
3676:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3437:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3358:The Oxford Book of Carols
2934:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2497:Massacre of the Innocents
2346:
2299:14 September 2020 at the
1922:"Search: lucian dressel/"
1749:Vance, Margaret Shelley.
1390:"Clement Moore Revisited"
1325:The Poet of Christmas Eve
1323:Patterson, Samuel White.
1146:Siefker, Phyllis (1997).
1104:Restad, Penne L. (1995).
490:A Visit from St. Nicholas
425:spelling of "Donder" and
233:A Visit from St. Nicholas
208:A Visit from St. Nicholas
201:
78:
55:
45:
40:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3478:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2116:. New York: Henry Holt.
1751:"Margaret Shelley Vance"
1352:2.4 (January 1915): 111.
1297:The Battle for Christmas
1284:Troy's One Hundred Years
1239:15 December 2005 at the
719:Pen, Ink & Evidence,
4300:Christmas short stories
4166:The Spirit of Christmas
3640:Small Business Saturday
3510:Black Friday (shopping)
3505:Black Friday (partying)
2999:Nine Lessons and Carols
2929:Events and celebrations
1811:Oxford University Press
1468:January 2000, pp. 26–29
1314:(January 1919): 111–15.
1273:Winter 2003, 55;1:5–15.
604:James Hadley Billington
533:New-York Book of Poetry
419:Edmund Clarence Stedman
4310:Santa Claus's reindeer
4305:Santa Claus in fiction
3284:Post-War United States
1367:New York State Library
1256:. January 2000. 26–29.
1032:Santa Claus's reindeer
942:
876:Margaret Shelley Vance
825:University of Auckland
818:
607:
591:
580:
467:Pen, Ink and Evidence.
441:Authorship controversy
343:
329:
228:
68:"Dunder" and "Blixem".
3333:Hit singles in the US
3328:Hit singles in the UK
2889:Carols by Candlelight
2817:Santa Claus' daughter
2425:Adoration of the Magi
2294:(Poem) – Text | Video
1295:Nissenbaum, Stephen.
1286:(Troy, NY, 1891), 97.
1282:Weise, Arthur James.
993:Falling for Christmas
937:
813:A History of New York
795:A History of New York
600:Librarian of Congress
597:
586:
574:
498:Charles Fenno Hoffman
488:Four poems including
383:William Cullen Bryant
335:
324:
222:
66:, with the spellings
4230:Henry Livingston Jr.
4129:Clement Clarke Moore
3625:Santa's Candy Castle
2949:Google Santa Tracker
2245:Jessie Willcox Smith
2004:. pp. 132–133.
1907:Sarah Bryan Miller.
1466:Autograph Collector,
1108:Christmas in America
940:Clement Clarke Moore
882:(b. 2005). In 1953,
827:and a fellow at the
821:MacDonald P. Jackson
744:Battle for Christmas
634:improve this article
589:Jessie Willcox Smith
577:Henry Livingston Jr.
521:The Poets of America
455:Henry Livingston Jr.
352:Clement Clarke Moore
326:Clement Clarke Moore
256:Clement Clarke Moore
139:Anapestic tetrameter
49:Clement Clarke Moore
4225:Christmas Mountains
4199:Musical adaptations
4142:Film and television
3630:Santa Claus Village
3545:Christmas Mountains
3451:Journey of the Magi
2457:Baptism of the Lord
2284:7 June 2019 at the
2272:Library of Congress
1972:The Washington Post
1718:secondhandsongs.com
1254:Autograph Collector
1219:Scarsdale Magazine,
839:Musical adaptations
449:, who used textual
342:, December 23, 1823
3740:Twelve-dish supper
3590:Jews and Christmas
3540:Christmas Lectures
3269:American Civil War
3004:NORAD Tracks Santa
2380:Saint Nicholas Day
2212:Sonne, Niels Henry
2063:. 28 November 2022
1690:on 2 November 2020
1656:on 2 November 2020
1535:on 2 November 2020
1426:The New York Times
1388:Christoph, Peter.
958:In popular culture
943:
767:in moderation and
740:Stephen Nissenbaum
608:
592:
581:
575:Some contend that
346:The authorship of
344:
330:
229:
4238:
4237:
4095:
4094:
4071:
4070:
3735:Thirteen desserts
3655:Virginia O'Hanlon
3500:Advent Conspiracy
3414:Films (Christmas,
3406:A Christmas Carol
3351:Carols for Choirs
2894:Cavalcade of Magi
2874:Boar's Head Feast
2543:Star of Bethlehem
2514:Nativity of Jesus
2502:flight into Egypt
2387:St. Stephen's Day
2249:Project Gutenberg
1874:978-0-7864-1857-2
1847:978-1-56663-931-6
1820:978-0-19-536507-8
1182:. sethkaller.com.
1075:Burrows, Edwin G.
952:Heritage Auctions
923:Lucian W. Dressel
809:Washington Irving
790:Washington Irving
710:
709:
702:
684:
553:Orville L. Holley
502:New York American
395:Washington Irving
217:
216:
127:Children's poetry
4337:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4254:
4246:
4187:
4176:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4099:
4087:
4083:
4082:
3918:Redcurrant sauce
3707:
3701:
3696:
3670:Winter festivals
3420:Christmas horror
3387:
3298:
3129:
2984:Meals and feasts
2904:Christmas jumper
2851:
2822:Santa's reindeer
2774:
2720:Father Christmas
2684:
2641:Santa's workshop
2562:
2524:in later culture
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2340:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2308:
2208:
2197:
2185:
2174:
2153:
2142:. Summit Books.
2141:
2127:
2115:
2101:
2073:
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1761:
1755:www.worldcat.org
1746:
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1572:
1557:UofUtahSingers,
1554:
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1485:
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1440:
1438:
1433:on 10 April 2009
1429:. Archived from
1416:
1410:
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1407:
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1385:
1379:
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1376:
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1221:30 November 2006
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1143:
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1134:
1128:
1127:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1072:
1020:Hallmark Channel
1000:
981:The Santa Clause
816:
761:The Wine Drinker
757:The Wine Drinker
705:
698:
694:
691:
685:
683:
642:
618:
610:
451:content analysis
293:, also known as
285:On the night of
243:
206:
205:
172:23 December 1823
169:Publication date
80:
60:
51:
41:
36:
22:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4339:
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4336:
4335:
4334:
4295:Christmas poems
4275:
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4261:
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4234:
4213:
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4185:
4174:
4137:
4126:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4067:
4033:Pickled herring
4006:
3975:
3922:
3913:Cranberry sauce
3896:
3875:
3851:Red velvet cake
3836:Poppy seed roll
3754:
3705:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3665:White Christmas
3555:Christmas truce
3550:Christmas seals
3530:Christmas creep
3492:
3490:
3484:
3385:
3379:
3296:
3290:
3127:
3121:
2974:Lord of Misrule
2909:Christmas Peace
2859:Advent calendar
2849:
2843:
2792:Knecht Ruprecht
2772:
2770:
2764:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2564:
2560:
2552:
2477:Herod the Great
2412:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2301:Wayback Machine
2286:Wayback Machine
2228:
2200:
2194:
2177:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2132:Gardner, Martin
2130:
2124:
2104:
2098:
2085:
2080:Further reading
2077:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2002:Lexington Books
1993:
1992:
1988:
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1965:
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1832:
1828:
1821:
1813:. p. 341.
1802:
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1797:
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1775:AlmaDeutscher,
1774:
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1620:Img.discogs.com
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1590:Img.discogs.com
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1369:. December 2015
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1241:Wayback Machine
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998:
964:Christmas films
960:
932:
930:Original copies
896:Louis Armstrong
858:Capitol Records
841:
817:
807:
706:
695:
689:
686:
643:
641:
631:
619:
569:
474:
461:James Lowe and
443:
350:is credited to
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203:
70:
46:
39:
32:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4343:
4341:
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4292:
4290:American poems
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4259:
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3966:
3964:Smoking Bishop
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3645:Super Saturday
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3575:Giving Tuesday
3572:
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3525:Christmas club
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3372:Piae Cantiones
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3338:Music charts (
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2807:Père Fouettard
2804:
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2773:Saint Nicholas
2766:
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2762:
2757:
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2725:Grandpa Indian
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2693:Saint Nicholas
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2631:Old Man Winter
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2531:Nativity scene
2528:
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2352:Blue Christmas
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2254:Free Audiobook
2251:
2238:
2232:Free audiobook
2227:
2226:External links
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2192:
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2170:978-1584560715
2169:
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2106:Foster, Donald
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2097:978-1476664439
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1767:
1741:
1723:
1705:
1678:Carter, Evan.
1670:
1637:
1607:
1577:
1549:
1523:Carter, Evan.
1512:
1506:978-1476664439
1505:
1487:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1411:
1380:
1354:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1301:
1288:
1275:
1258:
1245:
1223:
1210:
1185:
1178:Kaller, Seth.
1163:
1156:
1138:
1129:
1122:
1096:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1011:respectively.
987:Reindeer Games
959:
956:
931:
928:
904:Corona, Queens
892:Mitchell Ayres
880:Alma Deutscher
840:
837:
805:
708:
707:
622:
620:
613:
568:
565:
473:
470:
442:
439:
407:New Year's Day
371:Troy, New York
360:Saint Nicholas
318:
315:
303:eight reindeer
295:Saint Nicholas
282:
279:
271:Saint Nicholas
215:
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199:
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76:
75:Original title
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53:
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43:
42:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
4342:
4331:
4328:
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4313:
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4308:
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4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
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4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4208:
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4197:
4190:
4189:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4155:
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4151:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4088:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4064:
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4049:
4046:
4044:
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4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:Meat and fish
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Hot chocolate
3947:
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3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
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3651:
3650:Ugly sweaters
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3560:Controversies
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3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:In literature
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3374:
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3366:
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3360:
3359:
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3293:
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3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:United States
3262:
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3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:Moravian star
2992:
2990:
2989:Midnight Mass
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
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2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Candle arches
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Advent wreath
2867:
2865:
2864:Advent candle
2862:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2835:
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2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
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2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:Companions of
2767:
2761:
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2751:
2748:
2746:
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2718:
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2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
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2688:
2685:
2683:Gift-bringers
2678:
2672:
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2667:
2664:
2662:
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2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
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2624:
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2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
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2569:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2555:
2549:
2548:Twelfth Night
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Nativity Fast
2507:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2467:Christmastide
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Angel Gabriel
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:Biblical Magi
2418:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2373:Christmas Eve
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
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2327:
2325:
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2255:
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2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2193:0-679-41223-9
2189:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2149:0-671-70839-2
2145:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2123:0-8050-6357-9
2119:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:. McFarland.
2089:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2013:
2011:9781498541824
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1929:
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1513:
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1499:. McFarland.
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1471:
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1159:
1157:0-7864-0246-6
1153:
1149:
1142:
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1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:0-19-509300-3
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1093:0-19-511634-8
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:Wallace, Mike
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919:
917:
916:
915:Happy Holiday
911:
907:
905:
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693:
690:December 2020
682:
679:
675:
672:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651: –
650:
646:
645:Find sources:
639:
635:
629:
628:
623:This section
621:
617:
612:
611:
605:
601:
596:
590:
585:
578:
573:
566:
564:
560:
556:
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542:
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534:
529:
526:
522:
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503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
471:
469:
468:
464:
458:
456:
452:
448:
447:Donald Foster
440:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
411:
408:
404:
403:Christmas Day
400:
399:Christmas Eve
396:
391:
389:
384:
379:
377:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
340:
339:Troy Sentinel
334:
327:
323:
316:
314:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Christmas Eve
280:
278:
276:
275:Christmastide
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264:
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221:
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209:
200:
197:
193:
189:
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162:Troy Sentinel
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96:United States
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73:
69:
65:
64:Troy Sentinel
59:
54:
50:
44:
37:
34:
30:
26:
4257:Christianity
4205:
4184:
4173:
4165:
4156:
4149:
4133:
4132:
4023:Gefilte fish
3971:Ponche crema
3806:Melomakarono
3674:
3565:Cyber Monday
3470:
3436:
3435:
3404:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3346:Music books
3339:
3177:Nazi Germany
3069:
3065:Secret Santa
3052:
2939:Flying Santa
2646:TiĂł de Nadal
2596:Korvatunturi
2447:Annunciation
2413:Christianity
2394:Sol Invictus
2291:
2277:
2260:
2218:
2203:
2181:
2159:
2137:
2111:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2065:. Retrieved
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2027:
2017:15 September
2015:. Retrieved
1996:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1970:
1961:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
1925:
1916:
1903:
1892:
1883:
1863:
1856:
1836:
1829:
1805:
1798:
1787:, retrieved
1777:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:
1744:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1684:Allmusic.com
1683:
1673:
1665:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1650:Allmusic.com
1649:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1569:, retrieved
1559:
1552:
1544:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1529:Allmusic.com
1528:
1496:
1490:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1424:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1393:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1345:
1340:. 54.331.17b
1332:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1278:
1271:Manuscripts,
1270:
1266:
1261:
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1213:
1195:
1188:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1107:
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1054:
1053:
1018:(2022) is a
1015:
1013:
997:
991:
990:(2000), and
985:
979:
973:
968:
966:, including
961:
944:
920:
913:
908:
865:
862:Johnny Marks
842:
832:
819:
812:
801:
793:
784:
777:
760:
756:
753:
743:
726:
723:
718:
714:
711:
696:
687:
677:
670:
663:
656:
644:
632:Please help
627:verification
624:
561:
557:
548:
540:
536:
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496:, edited by
493:
489:
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466:
465:, author of
459:
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401:rather than
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307:
284:
260:
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230:
195:
160:
146:Rhyme scheme
63:
33:
4038:Roast goose
3959:Mulled wine
3939:Champurrado
3934:Apple cider
3908:Bread sauce
3861:Szaloncukor
3841:Pumpkin pie
3791:Gingerbread
3745:Smörgåsbord
3386:Other media
3224:Philippines
3214:New Zealand
3097:Twelve Days
3054:Räuchermann
3009:Nutcrackers
2959:Las Posadas
2919:Decorations
2899:Christingle
2839:Zwarte Piet
2834:Snegurochka
2755:Sinterklaas
2705:Santa Claus
2303:by Check123
2067:27 December
2038:27 December
1951:22 November
1789:13 December
1571:13 December
1455:, Fall 2004
1373:19 December
1267:Manuscripts
910:Jo Stafford
900:at his home
845:bowdlerized
736:phraseology
463:Joe Nickell
367:anonymously
291:Santa Claus
263:Santa Claus
113:Santa Claus
4285:1823 poems
4279:Categories
4269:Literature
3766:Candy cane
3715:Joulupöytä
3615:Pikkujoulu
3279:New Mexico
3128:By country
3102:Wassailing
3043:Poinsettia
2850:Traditions
2802:Mrs. Claus
2782:Belsnickel
2735:Julemanden
2730:Joulupukki
2661:Wenceslaus
2626:North Pole
2591:Jack Frost
2581:Christkind
2536:Neapolitan
2359:Boxing Day
1694:2 November
1660:2 November
1630:2 November
1600:2 November
1539:2 November
1050:References
888:RCA Victor
884:Perry Como
870:, sung by
785:Sinteklaes
742:argues in
729:anapaestic
660:newspapers
301:pulled by
273:and other
212:Wikisource
177:Media type
109:Subject(s)
4053:Tourtière
4043:Romeritos
3980:Dumplings
3927:Beverages
3831:Pecan pie
3821:Panettone
3816:Pampushka
3811:Mince pie
3786:Fruitcake
3730:RĂ©veillon
3610:NFL games
3605:NBA games
3600:In August
3570:Economics
3340:Billboard
3194:Indonesia
3137:Australia
3112:Yule goat
3087:Stockings
3021:Ornaments
2750:Père Noël
2745:Olentzero
2740:Noel Baba
2715:Ded Moroz
2671:Yule Lads
2611:Mari Lwyd
2462:Bethlehem
2339:Christmas
872:Burl Ives
850:Ken Darby
435:Lightning
417:, editor
388:professor
310:stockings
267:Christmas
196:Full text
181:Newspaper
157:Publisher
117:Christmas
4086:Category
4057:meat pie
4048:Stuffing
4002:Varenyky
3871:Yule log
3846:Qurabiya
3720:Julebord
3693:Food and
3620:SantaCon
3585:El Gordo
3472:Yule Log
3244:Scotland
3157:Ethiopia
3142:Colombia
3117:Yule log
3071:Spanbaum
3048:Pyramids
2914:Crackers
2812:Sack Man
2698:folklore
2666:Yule cat
2571:Badalisc
2561:folklore
2472:Epiphany
2297:Archived
2282:Archived
2236:LibriVox
2134:(1991).
2108:(2000).
1979:19 April
1783:archived
1736:Archived
1624:Archived
1594:Archived
1565:archived
1437:19 April
1404:19 April
1398:Archived
1237:Archived
1026:See also
1003:made in
984:(1994),
978:(1989),
972:(1989),
806:—
732:metrical
549:Sentinel
541:Sentinel
375:Sentinel
151:Couplets
123:Genre(s)
101:Language
4243:Portals
3992:Pierogi
3987:Hallaca
3892:Borscht
3856:Stollen
3826:Pavlova
3801:MakĂłwki
3781:Cozonac
3750:Wigilia
3635:Scrooge
3595:In July
3493:society
3425:Poetry
3259:Ukraine
3234:Romania
3199:Ireland
3189:Iceland
3184:Hungary
3172:Germany
3162:Finland
3152:England
3147:Denmark
3107:Windows
3038:Piñatas
3026:Parades
2979:Markets
2964:Letters
2954:Hampers
2797:Krampus
2636:Perchta
2576:Caganer
1927:YouTube
1894:YouTube
1701:staple.
969:Prancer
765:tobacco
674:scholar
551:editor
431:Thunder
369:in the
348:A Visit
317:History
297:, in a
239:" and "
104:English
93:Country
85:Written
4210:(2006)
4191:(1977)
4180:(1974)
4169:(1953)
4161:(1933)
4153:(1905)
4063:Turkey
3997:Tamale
3954:Kissel
3944:Eggnog
3901:Sauces
3887:Menudo
3866:TurrĂłn
3776:Cookie
3759:Sweets
3725:KĹ«ÄŤios
3706:Dinner
3580:Grinch
3491:modern
3458:Tomten
3417:Santa,
3400:novels
3318:Operas
3306:Carols
3274:Hawaii
3254:Sweden
3249:Serbia
3239:Russia
3229:Poland
3219:Norway
3209:Mexico
3167:France
3082:Stamps
3077:Szopka
2969:Lights
2924:Didukh
2760:Others
2710:Befana
2656:Vertep
2519:in art
2487:Joseph
2437:Advent
2190:
2167:
2146:
2120:
2094:
2008:
1871:
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1817:
1760:2 June
1503:
1154:
1120:
1091:
1077:&
815:, 1868
751:1823.
748:satire
676:
669:
662:
655:
647:
427:German
356:sleigh
299:sleigh
4218:Other
4186:'
4175:'
3796:Kutia
3695:drink
3323:Songs
3297:Music
3204:Italy
3060:Seals
3014:dolls
2944:Gifts
2884:Cards
2787:Elves
2651:Turoń
2621:Nisse
2586:Grýla
2482:Jesus
2247:, at
2241:eText
2234:from
2061:(PDF)
2056:'
1055:Notes
999:'
780:Dutch
773:opium
681:JSTOR
667:books
513:Poems
423:Dutch
242:'
187:Lines
134:Meter
4018:Carp
3880:Soup
3771:Cake
3682:Xmas
3311:list
3092:Tree
3031:list
2492:Mary
2401:Yule
2188:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2069:2023
2040:2023
2019:2022
2006:ISBN
1981:2008
1953:2014
1869:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1791:2018
1762:2022
1696:2020
1662:2020
1632:2020
1602:2020
1573:2018
1541:2020
1501:ISBN
1439:2008
1406:2008
1375:2020
1152:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1009:1977
1007:and
1005:1974
771:and
769:wine
653:news
598:The
479:more
433:and
281:Plot
248:poem
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4131:'s
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