1395:
revolves them, from this to that, and from the second to the third, and, at the fourth year, catches up – due to the birth of the light after 30 days after the creation of the world – with the 30th hour of the fourth day after the birth of the ṭəntəyon. And because the number of the first days of the seven years is 364, and because (the fifth day) shifted them when catching up , it remained hidden in the bosom of the
Scripture, and its greatness has not been revealed until the commemoration of the resurrection. And, for the commemoration of the resurrection, we have left the year of release and accepted the commemoration of the resurrection that is the first , because with the reckoning of the days of the year of release he reckoned the first days of the six years.
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1100:
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1079:'s prominent monastery, which had become a place of pilgrimage already during Iyasus Mo'a's lifetime. The beginning of Giyorgis' career was not without hardship. He was so slow in learning that his teacher had lost hope at one point. Ethiopian education of the time relied heavily on memorization, and without showing ability one would not get very far in studies where knowledge was preserved orally. It has been told that:
44:
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one but of two weekdays. Thus, this day falls on Sunday. For Abba
Giyorgis, however, there is no Sunday as a separate day but rather a part of the 49-hour Sabbath. Therefore, he continues counting of the hours of the Sabbath after the number 24. The 30th hour of Sabbath ("the fourth day after the birth of ṭəntəyon") is Sunday midnight, the approximate time of Christ's resurrection.
2668:
1178:, however, got him into trouble with other churchmen and Dawit I, who imprisoned him. Disputes about the Sabbath were politically destabilizing, and the realm was troubled with monastic infighting during the 15th century. Ethiopia of that time had much contact with the outside world, which brought many missionaries of competing traditions and other travelers into the country. The
889:
1223:. With the divine gift of soul, man becomes different from other creatures, as man is an intelligent and speaking thing. Giyorgis' view of man can be characterized as dualistic. With the book, Giyorgis also attempted to refute heretical beliefs. It is an extensive anti-heretical work composed of 30 chapters. Treatises on heresy are meant to be read during important
869:
1046:
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was a widely used book, even though many monasteries opted to compile their own books of hours. Use of the Coptic Book of Hours prevailed to some extent, despite
Giyorgis' book being the most prevalent book in use. His book was gradually expanded to include additional material, such as hymns, during
1403:
At the first year of the four-year cycle, the beginning of the year falls on
Wednesday. Then, at the second and the third years, it moves by one day forward, that is, from Wednesday to Thursday and from Thursday to Friday. The next, fourth year is the bissextile one. This year, the shift is not of
1182:
Church and monastic leaders found themselves occasionally at odds with foreigners who managed to influence political leaders. A foreigner called Bitu, who had wielded great influence on the emperor, was involved in a decision to imprison
Giyorgis. There were differences in religious views between
1394:
And in substitution of the number of the days of the year of release the Lord gave the commemoration of His resurrection, that is the first of the
Sabbath . And the number of the days of the year of release is 364. And the fifth one is the shifting day that rolls around the days of the years and
1173:
Giyorgis had risen into a position of court chaplain during emperor Dawit I's reign like his father had before him. Royal princes were tutored by him in the court. Notably
Giyorgis' student and future emperor Zara Yaqob held very similar theological views throughout his life. Giyorgis' thoughts
2237:"Haile Getatchew: The different collections of nägś hymns in Ethiopic literature and their contributions. (Oikonomia. Quellen und Studien zur Orthodoxen Theologie, Bd. 19.) [viii], [104] PP. Erlangen: Lehrstuhl für Geschichte und Theologie des christlichen Ostens, 1983"
1227:
days of the
Ethiopian Church. Each treatise concentrates on a different heretical doctrine, and the book refutes them one by one. The book was completed on 21 June 1424. It is the most important original Ethiopian theological work. The book is still used in liturgy.
1083:
Faced with this problem, Giyorgis went daily to church, where he prayed with tears and total concentration to God and the
Blessed Virgin. One night, the Blessed Virgin appeared to him and told him to be diligent in his learning, forgoing even sleeping by night.
1289:'s hymnal, however, was the most successful one. Under Giyorgis' leadership, scholars from Debre Negudgad and Debre-Egziabiher separated hymns of the fasting season into their own section. This was an innovation compared to the traditional division of
169:
1005:
tradition, and
Giyorgis' identity remains uncertain. One theory is that Abba Giyorgis of Dabra Bahrey and Giyorgis of Segla (or Gasicha) are separate persons who lived in the mid-14th century. Abba Giyorgis of Dabra Bahrey may have
1677:
1203:
instead. There, late in his life, he became the head of the community of Abba Batsalota-Mikael. Many of his former royal students, who were the eight sons of emperor Dawit I, one by one became rulers of the
832:
1281:. He authored a collection of hymns that competed with other hymnals of the time for recognition as the hymnal of the Ethiopian Church's saints, and its contents leaned towards viewpoints of the
2736:
1621:
1833:
1125:
Giyorgis was among the most important (theological) authors in Ge'ez language during the fifteenth century in medieval Ethiopia. His stature can be compared to those of emperor
827:
935:
1684:
2035:
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and a pseudonymous author known only by the name Ritu'a Haymanot ("The One with the Orthodox Faith"). Out of his writing, Giyorgis is mostly remembered for his
2729:
882:
892:
327:
928:
282:
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2722:
1363:
Relying on the authority of the Jubilee and Enoch calendars was possible because both the Book of Jubilees and Enoch are part of the Ethiopian
2521:
2456:
2351:
2219:
2153:
2013:
1986:
1937:
1879:
1725:
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1022:. Giyorgis of Segla (died between 1424 and 1426) would have been the writer, the preacher and the musician. A single remaining copy of his
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1841:
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286:
214:
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1199:. While Giyorgis had wished to join a monastery of Dabra Libanos, disputes about the Sabbath led him to join Dabra Gol in historical
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1783:
251:
219:
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295:
199:
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1954:
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1195:, rose to the throne. Despite his dissidence, he continued to hold influence until his death during the reign of emperor
872:
1099:
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1063:. His father was known by his contemporaries as "a comprehender of the Scriptures like Salathiel" (Salathiel refers to
862:
150:
1243:. He also founded the monastery of Debre Bahriy in Gasicha. At the monastery named after him, there is a crosscut in
1524:
Sources widely disagree on the dates of Giyorgis' birth and death. For the birth, see and. For the death, see, and.
792:
430:
1717:
The Marian Icons of the Painter Frē Ṣeyon: A Study of Fifteenth-century Ethiopian Art, Patronage, and Spirituality
1273:
In addition to being a renowned author of religious books, Giyorgis also composed hymns, such as ones in honor of
3178:
3153:
2806:
2276:"Traditional Education of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Its Potential for Tourism Development (1975–present)"
2145:
The Ethics of Zär'a Ya'eqob: A reply to the historical and religious violence in the seventeenth century Ethiopia
465:
366:
278:
194:
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1297:) which featured only three divisions. The full extent of Giyorgis' compositions is unknown, and various local
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978:
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1071:. Giyorgis is among the monks who are claimed to have been students of Ethiopian saint and monastic leader
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Giyorgis' parents were of noble descent. Giyorgis' father was Hezba Tseyon, a court chaplain of emperor
802:
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1360:. Giyorgis sought to demonstrate that Sunday corresponds to the Jubilee year, the "Sabbath's Sabbath".
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1001:
It is possible that two or three prominent religious figures have been mixed into the same figure in
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1216:
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967:
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612:
332:
204:
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1927:
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2922:
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2256:
1372:
1353:
1298:
1224:
797:
712:
682:
534:
524:
411:
361:
158:
109:
2091:
2005:
Proceedings of the XVth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Hamburg, July 20–25, 2003
3011:
2448:
Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project: Codices 106–200 and Magic Scrolls 135–284
2614:
2554:
2517:
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2446:
2347:
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2215:
2209:
2149:
2143:
2009:
2003:
1982:
1976:
1933:
1875:
1867:
1811:
1779:
1721:
1505:
1364:
960:
812:
652:
209:
3052:
2964:
2509:
2036:"The Southern Shores of the Mediterranean and Beyond: The Case Ethiopian Manuscript Heritage"
1715:
2708:
2544:
2485:
2248:
2190:
1352:. The features of these calendars are a 364-day-year, a seven-year cycle culminating in the
1341:
1205:
1002:
702:
697:
475:
460:
80:
2928:
1340:. He sought to do this by presenting mathematical proof based on the calendar found in the
3140:
2870:
2684:
1904:
1673:
1380:
1379:). In effect, this meant that Giyorgis' calculation would have no practical impact on the
1376:
1357:
1256:
1118:
1064:
822:
817:
672:
617:
592:
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519:
1332:. But Giyorgis went further than that. He reasoned that if Jesus had come to fulfill the
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322:
43:
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1349:
1329:
1318:
1130:
657:
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3075:
2940:
1645:
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1011:
717:
577:
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the century following from its inception. A late 17th-century Ethiopian book from
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Giyorgis' work has had great influence on Ethiopian monastic calendars, hymns and
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2853:
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62:
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17:
2847:
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2757:
2655:
2194:
2181:
Wright, St. (1957). "Notes on some Cave Churches in the Province of Wallo".
1076:
1049:
906:
642:
2533:"An Archaic Jewish-Christian Liturgical Calendar in Abba Giyorgis of Sägla"
2418:
1812:"The Social and religious functions of the Eucharist in Medieval Ethiopia"
1265:
Late 17th century illustrated manuscript that reproduces Giyorgis' hymns (
2958:
2910:
1649:
1500:
1196:
1031:
990:
971:
782:
667:
548:
1678:"A Miracle of the Archangel Uriel Worked for Abba Giyorgis of Gasǝč̣č̣a"
3035:
1371:. The Church, however, had already long before switched to the 365-day
1060:
1007:
982:
807:
622:
1045:
2970:
2474:"Praises of the Cross, Wǝddase Mäsqäl, by Abba Giyorgis of Gasǝč̣č̣a"
1314:
1155:
985:. He managed to continue his work later in life, under the reigns of
837:
2275:
1336:, then one would expect to find hints of the Sunday Sabbath in the
1313:
Giyorgis sought to justify Christian observation of the Sabbath on
2812:
1325:
1260:
1247:
tree's bark claimed to have been left behind by Giyorgis himself.
1232:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1044:
762:
692:
58:
1191:. He was finally released when one of his former royal students,
1356:(year of the release), and a particular arrangement of biblical
1220:
2718:
1187:
where Giyorgis devotes a chapter to refute Bitu's views on the
29:
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo monk and author of religious book
1955:"Mahibere Kidusan – The Short Biography of Abba Iyyesus Moa"
1776:
The Encyclopaedia Africana – Dictionary of African Biography
1386:
Giyorgis lays out his idea in the following passage of his
1095:
Christianity in Ethiopia § The Sabbatarian controversy
48:
Late 17th century portrait of Giyorgis of Segla by Baselyos
1622:"SAINT ABBA GIORGIES OF GASSICHA THE ETHIOPIAN THEOLOGIAN"
1149:). Before his work on calendars, the Ge'ez version of the
2323:
2321:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2291:
2289:
1037:
written by disciples of the saints after their demise.
2241:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1014:(1314–1344). He would have been the disciple of saint
2644:
2445:
Steve Delamarter; Getatchew Haile (31 January 2013).
1926:
Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong; Henry Louis Gates (2012).
2343:
Prophecy and Passion: Essays in Honour of Athol Gill
1778:. Vol. 1. L. H. Ofosu-Appiah, editor-in-chief.
1324:
As is customary in Christianity, Giyorgis held that
3097:
3062:
3045:
2980:
2903:
2886:
2863:
2834:
2799:
2782:
2750:
2635:
A collection of Ethiopic manuscripts, various dates
1533:
Both "Giyorgis of Gasicha" and "Giyorgis of Segla",
128:
118:
108:
98:
86:
76:
68:
53:
34:
2208:Teresa Berger; Bryan D. Spinks (1 December 2009).
1861:
1859:
981:and consequentially fell into disfavor of emperor
977:Giyorgis was involved in a controversy concerning
2148:. Gregorian Biblical BookShop. pp. 166–167.
2059:Sergew Hable Sellassie; Belaynesh Mikael (2003).
1593:Ethiopian Saints: Claremont Coptic Encyclopedia
1401:
1392:
1081:
1709:
1707:
1705:
2730:
1901:The Dictionary of Ethiopian Biography, Vol. 1
1640:
1638:
970:. He is considered one of the most important
929:
8:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2029:
2027:
2025:
1870:. In Raunig, Walter; Wenig, Steffen (eds.).
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1231:At one point, Giyorgis held the position of
963:monk, saint, and author of religious books.
2211:The Spirit in Worship-Worship in the Spirit
1714:Marilyn Eiseman Heldman; Frē Ṣeyon (1994).
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
2773:
2737:
2723:
2715:
2061:"Worship In The Ethiopian Orthodox Church"
1305:may have been originally composed by him.
936:
922:
145:
42:
31:
2548:
2489:
2008:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 536.
1874:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 156.
1668:
1666:
1615:
1613:
1611:
2168:
2124:
2112:
1975:Johnston, William M. (4 December 2013).
1720:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 75.
1479:Fékkare haymanot (Synopsis of the Faith)
1030:(Saint's Life) is a traditional form of
1026:is being kept in the monastery of Hayq.
2651:
2611:Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270–1527
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1620:Seife, Daniel; Feleke, Michael (2015).
1545:
1517:
974:writers in fifteenth-century Ethiopia.
951:(c. 1365 – 1 July 1425), also known as
175:
157:
3137:Armenian Apostolic liturgical calendar
2413:
2411:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2366:
2327:
2312:
2295:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1474:Saqoqāwa dǝngǝl (Lament of the Virgin)
1107:monastery, where Giyorgis once was an
7:
3145:Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar
2585:Bausi, A. "Məśṭir: Mäṣḥafä məśṭir".
2451:. Casemate Publishers. p. 130.
2082:"Miracles of Mary (Te'amire Maryam)"
1772:"Giyorgis, Abba, Ethiopia, Orthodox"
1285:at a remarkably early date. Emperor
1067:). His mother was Emmena Seyon from
868:
2516:. Clarendon Press. pp. 34–37.
2508:Hastings, Adrian (5 January 1995).
1469:Arganonä Maryam (The Organ of mary)
1183:Bitu and Giyorgis, as shown in the
888:
2472:Haile, Getatchew (18 April 2013).
103:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
25:
2214:. Liturgical Press. p. 315.
1484:Hohétä Bérhan (The Gate of Light)
1170:favored Giyorgis' book of hours.
3149:
3148:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2592:. Vol. 3. pp. 941–944.
2580:. Vol. 3. pp. 308–310.
2034:Getatchew Haile (January 2013).
1953:Nigus, Kassa (7 December 2015).
1770:Tsehai Berhane Selassie (1997).
1239:) of the important monastery of
905:
887:
878:
877:
867:
858:
857:
296:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
167:
2597:Colin, G. "Giyorgis of Sägla".
2514:The Church in Africa, 1450-1950
1929:Dictionary of African Biography
2510:"The Policies of Zara Ya'iqob"
1897:"GIYORGIS, Ethiopia, Orthodox"
1328:had established Sunday as the
1052:where Giyorgis was student of
1:
3184:15th-century Christian saints
2745:Ethiopian saints by feast day
2424:Endangered Archives Programme
2274:Tsegaye, Mezmur (June 2011).
2235:Irvine, A. K. (1 June 1985).
1932:. OUP USA. pp. 175–176.
1450:Horologium of the Night Hours
436:Non-Chalcedonian Christianity
314:History of Oriental Orthodoxy
274:French Coptic Orthodox Church
2491:10.15460/aethiopica.14.1.414
1436:, completed on 21 June 1424)
1010:during the reign of emperor
2613:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2604:. Vol. 2. p. 812.
2142:Kidane Dawit Worku (2012).
1978:Encyclopedia of Monasticism
1834:"Lives of Ethiopian Saints"
1399:This can be summarized as:
1388:Sermon on the First Sabbath
3210:
2771:
2346:. ATF Press. p. 284.
1981:. Routledge. p. 517.
1866:Munro-Hay, Stuart (2005).
1254:
1215:that man is a creature of
1092:
793:Apostolic Church-Ordinance
431:Oriental Orthodox Theology
176:Oriental Orthodox churches
3154:Category:Ethiopian saints
3120:
2550:10.1163/18177565-00121p07
2253:10.1017/S0041977X00033632
466:Anaphora of Saint Gregory
41:
2600:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
2588:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
2576:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
2087:Art Institute of Chicago
2002:Uhlig, Siegbert (2006).
1590:Getatchew Haile (1991).
1293:'s 6th century hymnals (
1166:), includes a story how
648:Athanasius of Alexandria
2609:Tadesse Tamrat (1972).
2340:Neville, David (2002).
2195:10.3406/ethio.1957.1255
1211:Giyorgis writes in his
979:Sabbath in Christianity
912:Christianity portal
678:Dioscorus of Alexandria
633:Nine Saints of Ethiopia
628:Gregory the Illuminator
564:Orthodox Tewahedo Bible
338:Saint Thomas Christians
123:Sabbath in Christianity
3174:Ethiopian male writers
2573:—. "Julianism".
2531:Lourié, Basil (2016).
2090:. 2013. Archived from
1895:G. W. B. Huntingford.
1406:
1397:
1270:
1122:
1111:
1086:
1056:
738:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
491:Liturgy of Saint Cyril
486:Liturgy of Saint Basil
481:Liturgy of Saint James
1283:Roman Catholic Church
1264:
1255:Further information:
1117:
1102:
1093:Further information:
1054:Iyasus Mo'a monastery
1048:
743:Geevarghese Gregorios
454:Anaphora & Rites:
449:Liturgy and practices
3018:‘Abtlemanos of Shoka
2994:Matlan the physician
1463:Praises of the Cross
1309:Views on the Sabbath
1151:Coptic Book of Hours
1018:at the monastery of
778:Patriarch of Antioch
345:Ecumenical Councils:
308:History and theology
233:Independent churches
3147: •
3135: •
3129:Giustino de Jacobis
3105:Gabra Manfas Qeddus
1143:The Book of Mystery
959:, was an Ethiopian
953:Giyorgis of Gasicha
851:Links and resources
773:Catholicos of India
613:Cyril of Alexandria
264:Autonomous churches
252:Malabar Independent
3131:(Roman Catholic),
3082:Samuel of Waldebba
2923:Daysa the Egyptian
2183:Annales d'Ethiopie
2048:on 13 August 2017.
1816:Annales d'Ethiopie
1690:on 8 February 2017
1373:Ethiopian calendar
1271:
1133:, known simply as
1123:
1112:
1057:
798:Coptic monasticism
713:Michael the Syrian
688:Abraham of Farshut
683:Severus of Antioch
160:Oriental Orthodoxy
3161:
3160:
2877:Giyorgis of Segla
2640:Saint of the week
2523:978-0-19-152055-6
2458:978-0-227-17384-8
2393:, pp. 77–78.
2353:978-1-920691-00-4
2221:978-0-8146-6234-2
2155:978-88-7839-222-9
2015:978-3-447-04799-9
1988:978-1-136-78716-4
1939:978-0-19-538207-5
1907:on 13 August 2017
1881:978-3-447-05175-0
1868:"Saintly Shadows"
1792:on 13 August 2017
1727:978-3-447-03540-8
1506:Solomonic dynasty
1452:(Sa'atat Zelelit)
1365:Orthodox Tewahedo
1267:The Organ of Mary
1219:with an immortal
997:Disputed identity
961:Oriental Orthodox
949:Giyorgis of Segla
946:
945:
813:Coonan Cross Oath
728:Giyorgis of Segla
653:Ephrem the Syrian
210:Orthodox Tewahedo
144:
143:
99:Venerated in
94:(aged 59–60)
36:Giyorgis of Segla
16:(Redirected from
3201:
3179:Ethiopian saints
3152:
3151:
3006:Basalota Mika’el
2935:Mamas the Martyr
2777:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2705:
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2694:
2693:
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2682:
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2650:
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2605:
2593:
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2527:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2469:
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2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2419:"Project search"
2415:
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2331:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2280:www.academia.edu
2271:
2265:
2264:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2041:. Archived from
2040:
2031:
2020:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1903:. Archived from
1892:
1886:
1885:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1840:. Archived from
1830:
1824:
1823:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1788:. Archived from
1767:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1689:
1683:. Archived from
1682:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1344:and the similar
1342:Book of Jubilees
1206:Ethiopian Empire
1160:Miracles of Mary
1003:Ethiopian Church
968:Ge'ez literature
938:
931:
924:
910:
909:
891:
890:
881:
880:
871:
870:
861:
860:
833:Tewahedo fasting
788:Ethiopian titles
703:Gregory of Narek
698:Simon the Tanner
588:St. Thomas Cross
476:West Syriac Rite
461:Alexandrian Rite
357:Constantinople I
328:Tewahedo history
171:
161:
146:
131:
93:
81:Ethiopian Empire
46:
32:
21:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3141:Coptic calendar
3116:
3093:
3058:
3041:
2988:Sharda Hawaryat
2976:
2917:Melki of Clysma
2899:
2896:(17th and 24th)
2882:
2871:Moses the Black
2859:
2830:
2795:
2778:
2769:
2746:
2743:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2653:
2645:
2631:
2621:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2569:
2567:Further reading
2530:
2524:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2294:
2287:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2156:
2141:
2140:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2016:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1865:
1864:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1844:on 5 March 2017
1832:
1831:
1827:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1769:
1768:
1735:
1728:
1713:
1712:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1674:Getatchew Haile
1672:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1492:
1458:(Enzira Sebhat)
1456:Hymns of Praise
1442:(also known as
1434:Masehafa Mestir
1430:Book of Mystery
1411:
1383:of the Church.
1381:liturgical year
1377:Julian calendar
1358:Jewish holidays
1311:
1259:
1257:Ethiopian chant
1253:
1213:Book of Mystery
1185:Book of Mystery
1174:concerning the
1164:Te'amire Maryam
1147:Masehafa mestir
1097:
1091:
1065:Ezra the Scribe
1043:
999:
942:
904:
899:
898:
897:
852:
844:
843:
842:
823:Fast of Nineveh
818:Ethiopian chant
757:
749:
748:
747:
673:Mesrop Mashtots
607:
599:
598:
597:
593:Ethiopian cross
568:
539:
505:
450:
442:
441:
440:
416:
342:
309:
301:
300:
265:
257:
256:
234:
226:
159:
139:Book of Mystery
129:
91:
49:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3207:
3205:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3126:
3125:
3124:Related topics
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3111:Tekle Haymanot
3108:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2894:Tekle Haymanot
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2663:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2630:
2629:External links
2627:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2528:
2522:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2464:
2457:
2437:
2407:
2395:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2352:
2332:
2317:
2300:
2285:
2266:
2227:
2220:
2200:
2173:
2161:
2154:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2094:on 18 May 2018
2073:
2051:
2021:
2014:
1994:
1987:
1967:
1945:
1938:
1918:
1887:
1880:
1855:
1825:
1822:(1): 15. 2003.
1803:
1784:
1733:
1726:
1701:
1662:
1646:"Giyorgis Abā"
1634:
1607:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1440:Book of Thanks
1437:
1427:
1422:
1410:
1407:
1375:(based on the
1369:Biblical canon
1346:Enoch calendar
1310:
1307:
1303:Divine Liturgy
1252:
1249:
1090:
1087:
1042:
1039:
998:
995:
944:
943:
941:
940:
933:
926:
918:
915:
914:
901:
900:
896:
895:
885:
875:
865:
854:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
841:
840:
835:
830:
828:Coptic fasting
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
759:
758:
756:Related topics
755:
754:
751:
750:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
723:Tekle Haymanot
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
596:
595:
590:
585:
583:Armenian Cross
580:
574:
573:
572:
567:
566:
561:
559:Armenian Bible
556:
551:
545:
544:
543:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
496:Malankara Rite
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
456:
455:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
439:
438:
433:
428:
422:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
348:
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
333:Syriac history
330:
325:
323:Coptic history
319:
318:
317:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
289:
283:Constantinople
276:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
245:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
225:
224:
223:
222:
217:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
181:
178:
177:
173:
172:
164:
163:
155:
154:
142:
141:
132:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3206:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3156:
3155:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:Saint Abraham
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2620:9780198216711
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2487:
2484:(1): 47–120.
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2441:
2438:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:, p. 80.
2404:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2381:, p. 75.
2380:
2375:
2372:
2369:, p. 83.
2368:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2333:
2330:, p. 79.
2329:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:, p. 82.
2314:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2298:, p. 74.
2297:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2171:, p. 37.
2170:
2169:Hastings 1995
2165:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2127:, p. 36.
2126:
2125:Hastings 1995
2121:
2118:
2115:, p. 34.
2114:
2113:Hastings 1995
2109:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1968:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1843:
1839:
1838:Link Ethiopia
1835:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1791:
1787:
1785:9780917256011
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1686:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1596:. Vol. 2
1595:
1594:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:Book of Light
1441:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1425:Book of Hymns
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:Book of Hours
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:Book of Enoch
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1319:Old Testament
1316:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:book of hours
1128:
1121:of Debre Damo
1120:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
957:Abba Giyorgis
954:
950:
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
920:
919:
917:
916:
913:
908:
903:
902:
894:
886:
884:
876:
874:
866:
864:
856:
855:
848:
847:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:Coptic saints
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
753:
752:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Ezana of Axum
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
638:Tiridates III
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
610:
606:Major figures
603:
602:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
570:
569:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
541:
540:
536:
533:
531:
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2661:Christianity
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554:Coptic Bible
426:Miaphysitism
402:Capharthutha
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92:(1425-07-01)
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3133:Nine Saints
3070:Iyasus Mo'a
2403:Lourié 2016
2391:Lourié 2016
2379:Lourié 2016
2367:Lourié 2016
2328:Lourié 2016
2313:Lourié 2016
2296:Lourié 2016
2189:(1): 7–13.
1960:23 February
1796:22 February
1694:22 February
1627:23 February
1496:Beta Israel
1321:scripture.
1291:Saint Yared
1275:Saint Peter
1168:Virgin Mary
1073:Iyasus Mo'a
1069:Bete Amhara
1035:hagiography
1016:Iyasus Mo'a
893:WikiProject
733:Mar Thoma I
501:Holy Qurobo
372:Ephesus III
130:Major works
119:Controversy
90:1 July 1425
3168:Categories
3098:All months
3088:Frumentius
2478:Aethiopica
2247:(2): 364.
1541:References
1338:Pentateuch
1334:Mosaic Law
1330:Lord's Day
1287:Zara Yaqob
1279:Saint Paul
1241:Debre Damo
1193:Tewodros I
1180:Miaphysite
1127:Zara Yaqob
1105:Debre Damo
1103:Church of
1041:Early life
1008:flourished
987:Tewodros I
768:Catholicos
663:Frumentius
508:Calendars:
407:Shirakavan
367:Ephesus II
63:Debre Damo
3012:‘Oyoranos
2947:Fasilidas
2904:September
2758:Abeluzius
2709:Biography
2559:1817-7530
2261:177283389
1367:Church's
1317:based on
1299:anaphoras
1237:Nebura'ed
1077:Lake Hayq
1050:Lake Hayq
883:Templates
708:Nerses IV
643:Mar Awgin
618:Mor Addai
535:Gregorian
525:Ethiopian
419:Theology:
397:Manzikert
362:Ephesus I
287:Jerusalem
215:Ethiopian
77:Residence
55:Nebura'ed
3063:December
3046:November
2959:Matronya
2911:Abnodius
2685:Ethiopia
2537:Scrinium
2282:: 22–23.
2098:11 March
2066:28 March
1676:(2009).
1655:11 March
1650:WorldCat
1501:Lalibela
1490:See also
1197:Yeshaq I
991:Yeshaq I
863:Category
783:Maphrian
668:Shenoute
549:Peshitta
515:Armenian
387:Dvin III
352:Nicaea I
279:Armenian
220:Eritrean
195:Armenian
151:a series
149:Part of
3076:Liqanos
3053:Yem’ata
3036:Saizana
3024:Aregawi
2981:October
2965:Aflahos
2751:January
2647:Portals
2502:Sources
2430:4 March
1911:4 March
1848:4 March
1600:4 March
1419:Sa'atat
1354:Jubilee
1348:in the
1301:of the
1251:Hymnody
1176:Sabbath
1141:), and
1139:Sa'atat
1061:Dawit I
983:Dawit I
808:Debtera
623:Abgar V
412:Hromkla
392:Dvin IV
382:Dvin II
243:British
205:Cilicia
114:14 July
72:c. 1365
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542:Bible:
530:Julian
520:Coptic
377:Dvin I
292:Syriac
270:Coptic
248:Syriac
239:Coptic
200:Indian
190:Syriac
185:Coptic
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2825:Ablak
2819:Kaleb
2813:Yared
2809:(5th)
2783:March
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2578:(EAE)
2257:S2CID
2046:(PDF)
2039:(PDF)
1688:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1512:Notes
1409:Works
1326:Jesus
1295:degua
1245:warka
1233:abbot
1225:feast
1135:Hours
1109:abbot
1032:Ge'ez
972:Ge'ez
873:Media
763:Abuna
693:Yared
135:Hours
110:Feast
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2864:July
2848:Guba
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2790:Alef
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1962:2017
1934:ISBN
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1602:2017
1277:and
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1119:Amba
1028:Gadl
1024:Gadl
1020:Hayq
989:and
137:and
87:Died
69:Born
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