146:'mother of the child'). The term refers to a slave woman who had a child from her owner; those women were renowned for their beauty and intelligence, in that the owner might recognize the legitimacy of his children from them to be legally free and with full rights of inheritance, and refrain from trading the mothers afterwards. Those concubines mostly were
3524:
1534:
Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real
Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to
1744:
During his reign, Syria was torn by contending factions — Fatimid and
Carmathian; while the Buyīds was split up into parties that were fighting among themselves. To top this all off, the Byzantine Emperor John Tzimisces stormed the east in a victorious campaign in 975. After holding the office for
389:
Al-Mahdi commenced his rule by releasing several political prisoners, expanding and decorating the holy places of Mecca and Medina, and building fountains and lofts for Hajj pilgrims. He expanded the mail service, increased his secret service, fortified cities, and increased judicial appointments.
1947:
He was honored by the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I, during whose reign the
Caliphate was recognized throughout the extending range of Seljuk Sultanate. Hejaz, with the Holy Cities, now recovered from the Fatimids, acknowledged again the spiritual jurisdiction of the
1702:
Increasingly incapacitated by a partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970, al-Muti was now induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext, and was replaced by his son Abd al-Karim, as al-Ta'i (r. 974–991), on 5
649:
His brother, Al-Ma'mun had made no official provisions for his succession. According to the account of al-Tabari, on his deathbed al-Ma'mun dictated a letter nominating his brother, rather than his son al-Abbas, as his
1097:
Al-Mu'tamid's reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at
Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration. His brother was Commander-in-chief al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military and had great influence over
2270:
His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially by
Saladin ruler of Egypt. Caliph Al-Mustadi granted Saladin the title Sultan. Also gave him authority over holy cities;
95:(861–870), which accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous dynasties. The caliphs lost their temporal power in 936–946, first to a series of military strongmen, and then to the Shi'a
993:
Al-Mu'tazz's reign (866–869) marks the apogee of the decline of the
Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties.
572:
Nominated second heir by his father. His half-brother al-Amin tried to remove him as heir. He overthrow al-Amin and succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a civil war in 813. Victor of the civil war.
1182:
Al-Mu'tadid had inherited his father's gifts as a ruler and was distinguished alike for his economy and his military ability, becoming "one of the greatest of the
Abbasids in spite of his strictness.
3527:
Genealogical tree of the
Abbasid family. In green, the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad. In yellow, the Caliphs of Cairo. Muhammad is included (in caps) to show the kinship of the Abbasids with him.
2267:
He enjoys nothing but what he earns by the labor of his own hands, and therefore manufactures coverlets, which he stamps with his seal, and which his officers sell in the public market.
605:
had become a close associate of the caliph, and on his deathbed al-Ma'mun recommended to his brother and successor al-Mu'tasim that he admit Ibn Abi Du'ad to his circle of advisors.
855:
Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861) had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son,
3691:
General biography: or, Lives, critical and historical, of the most eminent persons of all ages, countries, conditions, and professions, arranged according to alphabetical order
1252:
Al-Mu'tadid took care to prepare Ali al-Muktafi, his oldest son and heir, for the succession by appointing him as a provincial governor: first in Rayy, Qazvin, Qum and
Hamadan.
3566:
2513:. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East.
803:
Al-Mutawakkil was the last great
Abbasid caliph; after his death the dynasty would fall into a decline. He was Assassinated by his guards with support of his son
4334:
2547:, but these caliphs were purely religious and symbolic figures, while temporal power rested with the Mamluks. The revived caliphate in Cairo lasted until the
4294:
1741:
He was nominated heir by his father Al-Muti and his father Abdicated for his son became of partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970.
241:
4276:
Bennison, Amira K. (2009) The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. ISBN 0300167989
1830:
1308:, however, Al-Muktafi died young and Al-Muqtadir came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in Abbasid history and Islamic History.
2405:
In his short reign, he lowered the taxes, and built a strong army to resist invasions. He died on 10 July 1226, nine months after his accession.
114:, however. In the mid-12th century, the Abbasids regained their independence from the Seljuks, but the revival of Abbasid power ended with the
3455:
He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son,
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4267:
4241:
4189:
4111:
3976:
3873:
3848:
3235:
4309:
4304:
587:
4103:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213
4135:
3544:
3955:
2558:
The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the
576:
4049:
4019:
3936:
4037:
1810:
During his reign, he granted the title Sultan to Muslim rulers. The sultans were religious deputy of the all later Abbasid Caliphs.
929:
923:
530:
3827:
3698:
3641:"List of Rulers of the Islamic World | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
2166:
Al-Muqtafi successfully established an army during the later Abbasid era. (Previously Caliphs were militarily dependent on
1186:
294:
228:
2042:
Al-Mustarshid deposed and imprisoned his vizier Amid al-dawla Jalal al-Din Hasan ibn Ali. One year later he also deposed
4059:
62:
377:
4251:
4029:
899:
468:
Nominated second heir by his father al-Mahdi, after the death of his brother Caliph al-Hadi, he succeeded him in 786.
2347:
According to historian Angelika Hartmann, Al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Caliphate.
4299:
4227:
4167:
1312:
91:(established in 929) challenged their primacy. The political decline of the Abbasids had begun earlier, during the
1179:, He added his name in line of succession and removed his cousin as heir. After his uncle death his succeeded him.
4218:
4154:
4081:
2607:
2548:
2375:
2334:
595:
4289:
3922:
2039:
He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was a notable Caliph of Later Abbasid Era and he was also an Arabic poet.
1319:
583:, and systematic support of scholars for the gathering and translation of knowledge from various civilizations.
2099:
1937:
1919:
3041:
2931:
2517:
2325:
2173:
2043:
1860:
1531:
Originally nominated heir by his father Al-Muqtadir. After the death of his uncle Al-Qahir he succeeded him.
1331:
88:
518:
Nominated first heir by his father Harun al-Rashid, after the death of his father in 809, he succeeded him.
3967:
3100:
2490:
2421:
676:
602:
110:" to denote their temporal authority. The Abbasid caliphs remained the generally recognized suzerains of
2865:
2824:
2711:
2434:
1781:
1632:
1585:
509:
299:
1438:
1377:
339:
3273:
2680:
2634:
2176:
by the Seljuks fails. Restoration of the Caliph's political and military influence of Later Abbasids.
1046:
636:
141:
3616:
80:, as well as the generally recognized ecumenical heads of Islam, until the 10th century, when the
4222:
4158:
3986:
3493:
2110:
1039:
987:
916:
850:
776:
92:
69:
3665:
1693:
863:
and third by al-Mu'ayyad. However, Al-Muntasir tried to change it and he almost succeeded in it.
735:
When his father, al-Mu'tasim took care for his son and heir to acquire experience in governance.
738:
Nominated heir by his father. Al-Wathiq succeeded his father and ruled as Caliph for six years.
4263:
4255:
4237:
4185:
4131:
4107:
4085:
4045:
4015:
3996:
3972:
3951:
3932:
3869:
3844:
3823:
3694:
3471:
3456:
3400:
3149:
3133:
2695:
2496:
2287:
2212:
2050:
1890:
1814:
1804:
1752:
1327:
1323:
179:
147:
84:
77:
73:
31:
4106:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
3992:
The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions
3552:
4210:
4177:
3907:
3892:
3501:
3422:
3385:
3372:
3311:
3026:
2903:
2849:
2834:
2792:
2737:
2544:
2534:
2160:
2070:
1294:
1165:
1084:
1028:
976:
972:
839:
725:
591:
159:
2408:
During his short reign he saw disastrous Mongol Invasion in parts of Eastern Islamic World.
429:
Nominated first heir by his father Al-Mahdi after the death of his father, he succeeded him
4206:
4121:
3518:
3341:
3328:
3286:
3248:
3210:
3165:
3113:
3069:
2969:
2887:
2688:
2594:
2559:
2552:
2510:
2355:
1113:
687:
631:
580:
558:
504:
472:
442:
335:
331:
262:
252:
132:
115:
50:
2477:
3990:
1699:
During the last years of his reign, Abbasids completely lost Egypt, Palestine and Hejaz.
4214:
4162:
4150:
4097:
4033:
3194:
3171:
3119:
2633:
in 1261. Title also claimed by al-Hakim I, installed as caliph by the ruler of Aleppo,
2440:
2208:
2167:
2106:
1467:
1406:
1360:
1285:
1239:
1230:
1176:
1145:
1065:
933:
886:
793:
771:
716:
666:
654:
618:
313:
Nominated heir by his brother caliph Al-Saffah (the founder of Abbasid dynasty) in 754.
163:
4201:
2626:
In 1261, The Later Abbasids was succeeded by Caliphs of the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
1986:
He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was the notable Caliph of the later Abbasid Era.
4283:
4181:
4071:
3640:
2456:
During his reign Eastern Islamic World was invaded by Mongols. The great cities like
2156:
2114:
2095:
Nominated heir by his father, After the assassination of his father he succeeded him.
2083:
2010:
1990:
1801:
1749:
1690:
1628:
1581:
1078:
966:
953:
937:
860:
833:
789:
by his brother Al-Wathiq in 842 and he remained a Courtier under his brother's reign.
758:
119:
99:
96:
2539:
In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at
4146:
3437:
3359:
3000:
2248:
2189:
2143:
2023:
1961:
1883:
1867:
786:
640:
526:
459:
420:
266:
127:
103:
4127:
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
547:
522:
4125:
4101:
4075:
4009:
3926:
3866:
Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate
3591:
3222:
He succeeded his brother as the twelfth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
3132:
Became Sultan of Egypt from 7 May – 6 November 1412, as a titular figurehead for
1576:
He was chosen by Military officers after the death of his brother Caliph Al-Radi.
3016:
2944:
2808:
2752:
2351:
1668:
1601:
1561:
1515:
1393:
1272:
1158:
1125:
1117:
1106:
870:
856:
820:
804:
111:
4260:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik
662:
in positions of power. Militarization and centralization of the administration.
17:
4089:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2727:
2649:
2320:
2235:
2202:
2130:
1974:
1906:
1879:
1716:
1614:
1548:
1305:
1217:
1009:
343:
102:
that seized control of Baghdad; the Buyids were in turn replaced by the Sunni
1997:'s struggling against crusades to reconquer Muslim lands of Levant coastline.
386:
Nominated heir by his father After the death of his father, he succeeded him.
2461:
2280:
2254:
1941:
1926:
1849:
1683:
He succeeded his cousin Al-Mustakfi, during his reign Buyids influence grew.
1423:
1201:
1121:
1102:
1022:
703:
372:
283:
256:
151:
4077:
Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Translated from the Arabic. Vol. I
4000:
3492:
He formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—
3298:
He succeeded his brother as the fourteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
3260:
He succeeded his brother as the thirteenth caliph of the Mamluk Sultanate
2388:
2307:
1893:
recognize the Abbasid caliph's religious and nominal authority (c. 1062).
1843:
1768:
1454:
1347:
1256:
454:
415:
359:
303:
245:
81:
58:
3931:. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2619:
Founder of Mamluk Caliphate of Cairo under the auspices of Mamluk ruler
1255:
During his reign Abbasids completely recovered Egypt and Syria from the
3497:
3346:
He succeeded his uncle as the fifteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
2684:
2673:
2630:
2620:
2457:
2359:
2338:
2291:
2054:
1871:
1729:
1655:
1521:
1502:
1473:
1411:
1366:
1290:
1190:
721:
683:
658:
563:
493:
476:
404:
324:
155:
54:
3948:
The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad
2915:
He succeeded his father as the seventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
2874:
He succeeded his brother as the sixth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate.
2276:
1994:
1875:
1674:
1431:
1129:
906:
742:
471:
Abbasids ruled over present-day Morocco until 788, when secessionist
216:
167:
107:
46:
4066:. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
3523:
2956:
He succeeded as the eighth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
3129:
He succeeded as the tenth Caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
869:
Just like most Abbasid caliphs, He provided endowments to his kins
320:
in the year 753 CE (136 AH) and was inaugurated the following year.
3928:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
3522:
2679:
Abbasid descent disputed; installed as caliph by ruler of Aleppo,
2540:
2272:
2029:
1798:
1687:
1639:
1427:
1235:
1194:
797:
671:
317:
106:
in the mid-11th century, and Turkish rulers assumed the title of "
42:
4084:. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
2453:
Al-Mustansir was the penultimate Caliph of the later Abbasid era.
2350:
His political and religious authority was recognized throughout
1088:
1052:
Assassinated by the Turkish military. End of Anarchy at Samarra.
125:
Most Abbasid caliphs were born to a concubine mother, known as
1874:(in 1055), end of Buyid influence. Al-Qa'im granted the title
2344:
Al-Nasir was the influential Caliph of the Later Abbasid era.
3181:
He succeeded as the eleventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
1045:
As a ruler, al-Muhtadi sought to emulate the Umayyad caliph
3617:"Roznama Dunya: اسپیشل فیچرز :- خلافت عباسیہ کا خاتمہ"
3421:
He succeeded his father as the seventeenth caliph for the
2402:
He was nominated as heir in 1189. He succeeded his father.
2629:
Installed as Caliph in Cairo, Egypt by the Mamluk Sultan
2520:, he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.
2290:
in 1171, restoration of Abbasid authority in Egypt under
1486:
After his brother was killed, he succeeded him as Caliph.
745:, while being seated in an oven in an attempt to cure it.
3820:
The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire
3384:
He succeeded his father as the sixteenth caliph for the
3666:"ABBASID RULERS (A.D. 750 to 1258) | Facts and Details"
2105:
Al-Rashid Billah was deposed by seljuks and he fled to
2551:
in 1517, after which the caliphal title passed to the
57:
tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet
4042:
The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B
3868:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 204.
2833:
He succeeded his cousin as the fifth caliph for the
2791:
He succeeded his uncle as the fourth Caliph for the
2736:
He succeeded his father as the third caliph for the
2264:
Al-Mustadi succeeded his father Caliph Al-Mustanjid.
525:
from line of succession. In 811, a Civil war of the
3968:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
3782:
2464:
were destroyed and millions of Muslims were killed.
4200:
3025:He succeeded as the ninth Caliph of Cairo for the
1200:Return of the capital to Baghdad and start of the
4145:Zetterstéen, K. V. & Bosworth, C. E. (1993).
3729:
2109:where he was assassinated by a team of four Shia
1813:Upholding of Sunni orthodoxy; publication of the
1376:First reign; installed by the commander-in-chief
1249:Nominated heir by his father, Caliph Al-Mu'tadid.
586:During his reign, Caliphate expanded its rule in
3995:. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company.
940:. It ended when Al-Mu'tazz became Caliph in 866.
2672:Founder of Mamluk Caliphate under Mamluk ruler
1101:Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the
3733:
3693:. London: G. G. and J. Robinson. p. 201.
316:Al-Mansur was proclaimed Caliph on his way to
3737:
1745:seventeen years, aṭ-Ṭaʼiʻ was deposed in 991.
1311:Unsuccessful usurpation attempt in favour of
1185:Height of the "Abbasid revival". Recovery of
1116:in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in
529:began. Al-Amin was deposed and killed at the
510:Umm Ja'far Zubaidah bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur
8:
4011:The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power
1866:Start of Seljuk influence of Baghdad by the
4044:. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 271.
3843:. Cambridge University Press. p. 384.
3822:. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47.
3806:
3645:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3500:in 1517, making him the last caliph of the
1993:in Syria. He his known for contributing to
800:(848/851). Return to traditional orthodoxy.
327:. He was one of the famous Abbasid caliphs.
4228:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
4168:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3841:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines
1304:He was nominated heir by his half-brother
1049:, widely considered a model Islamic ruler.
390:His charitable giving was also impressive.
4236:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 821–822.
4176:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 476–477.
3965:Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J. (1993).
3340:He was the son of Ya'qub and Grandson of
922:Fled to Baghdad in 865, beginning of the
4060:Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir
3749:
2564:
2506:Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era
2450:He succeeded his father caliph Al-Zahir.
2057:(1121). The Almohads were anti-Abbasids.
1794:He succeeded his cousin, Caliph Al-Ta'i.
1437:Killed in battle before Baghdad against
996:Deposed by the Turkic military officers.
601:By the end of al-Ma'mun's reign in 833,
186:
30:For the state ruled by the dynasty, see
3761:
3725:
3713:
3536:
1161:, Abbasid prince and Commander-in-chief
785:As a young prince, he was appointed as
4258:. In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
1573:Beginning of the later Abbasid period.
1535:temper the severity of cruel officers.
4062:(1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.).
2113:in June 1138. This was celebrated in
590:especially with Establishment of the
265:(751) secures Muslim predominance in
184:This is the list of Abbasid Caliphs.
7:
4335:Medieval Islamic world-related lists
3794:
2665:Abu Ali Hasan ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hasan
675:from in 833. under Abbasid official
521:He tried to remove his half-brother
378:Umm Musa Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari
3621:Roznama Dunya: اسپیشل فیچرز :-
3567:"The golden age of Islam (article)"
2683:, in 1261, proclaimed as caliph by
2646:16 November 1262 – 19 January 1302
2474:2 December 1242 – 20 February 1258
2222:He succeeded his father Al-Muqtafi.
136:
4295:Lists of Islamic religious leaders
2997:September 1383 – 13 November 1386
1765:1 November 991 – 29 November 1031
665:The start of official support for
25:
3308:5 April 1479 – 27 September 1497
2232:20 December 1170 – 30 March 1180
2186:12 March 1160 – 20 December 1170
1979:Taif Al-Afwah, Egyptian concubine
1489:In 31 October 932 he was deposed.
1105:rebellion and subjugation of the
4182:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5437
4130:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
3494:the sword and mantle of Muhammad
2708:20 January 1302 – February 1340
2591:13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261
2543:under the auspices of the local
1827:29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075
1112:Establishment of the autonomous
866:Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
755:10 August 847 – 11 December 861
741:Al-Wathiq died as the result of
489:March 809 – 24/25 September 813
439:14 September 786 – 24 March 809
68:The family came to power in the
27:Caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate
3971:. Vol. IX. Leiden: BRILL.
3783:Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993
3097:22 January 1406 – 9 March 1414
2418:11 July 1226 – 2 December 1242
2007:6 August 1118 – 29 August 1135
1619:Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas), concubine
1598:September 944 – 29 January 946
1318:Caliphal title also claimed by
1259:. End of the "Abbasid revival".
233:Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia
4262:. Leiden: Brill. p. 777.
2372:5 October 1225 – 11 July 1226
2304:2 March 1180 – 4 October 1225
1958:February 1094 – 6 August 1118
1936:He was born to Abbasid prince
1859:End and disintegration of the
1638:Deposed and blinded after the
1579:Overthrown and blinded by the
1204:missionary activity and raids.
700:5 January 842 – 10 August 847
400:August 785 – 14 September 786
76:. They were the rulers of the
1:
4202:"ʿUmar (II) b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz"
3730:Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960
2749:February 1340 – 17 June 1341
2337:from the Crusaders (1187) by
2155:He was the brother of caliph
2098:Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan
1903:2 April 1075 – February 1094
1848:Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida),
1642:takeover of Baghdad and Iraq.
1062:21 June 870 – 15 October 892
615:9 August 833 – 5 January 842
543:September 813 – 9 August 833
330:During his reign, a Fugitive
295:Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah
87:(established in 909) and the
4330:13th-century Abbasid caliphs
4325:12th-century Abbasid caliphs
4320:11th-century Abbasid caliphs
4315:10th-century Abbasid caliphs
3452:Second reign of al-Mustamsik
2785:He was the son of Ahmad ibn
2768:Ahmad ibn al-Hakim, (son of
2529:Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)
1510:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad/Muḥammad
1214:5 April 902 – 13 August 908
792:End of official support for
72:in 748–750, supplanting the
63:Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
4310:9th-century Abbasid caliphs
4305:8th-century Abbasid caliphs
3904:Houtsma & Wensinck 1993
3773:Bosworth, "Mu'tazz," p. 793
2354:especially in territory of
2111:Nizari Ismailis (Assassins)
932:(865–866). The war between
930:Abbasid Caliphate civil war
594:(824/827) and Start of the
255:(second dynasty of Islamic
4351:
3903:
3888:
3818:Bennison, Amira K. (2009)
3596:عالمی تاریخ انسائیکلوپیڈیا
3516:
3322:Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
2532:
1142:October 892 – 5 April 902
177:
174:Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258)
29:
4082:Baron Mac Guckin de Slane
3923:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2549:Ottoman conquest of Egypt
905:Makhariq, concubine from
596:Muslim conquest of Sicily
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
4064:The History of Al-Ṭabarī
4008:Hurvitz, Nimrod (2002).
3950:. Simon & Schuster.
3946:Bobrick, Benson (2012).
3839:Daftary, Farhad (1992).
3752:, pp. 222–223, 225.
3502:Egyptian based Caliphate
3080:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2980:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2898:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2567:
2138:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
1673:Shaghla, concubine from
1566:Khalub Zahrah, concubine
961:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
900:Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim
553:Abū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh
421:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Attia
367:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
223:Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh
189:
49:who were members of the
41:were the holders of the
4014:. New York: Routledge.
3864:Hanne, Eric J. (2007).
3191:1441 – 29 January 1451
2918:In 1377 he was deposed.
2174:Siege of Baghdad (1157)
2148:Ashin, Syrian concubine
2088:Khushf, Iraqi concubine
2044:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
1914:Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh
1462:Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad
1355:Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad
1313:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
924:Fifth Fitna (civil war)
460:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta
3555:on September 24, 2015.
3549:Oxford Islamic Studies
3528:
3205:Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
3108:Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbas
3066:1389 – 9 January 1406
2722:Abū ar-Rabīʾ Sulaymān
2518:Mongol sack of Baghdad
2067:29 August 1135 – 1136
1989:The appearance of the
1499:934 – 23 December 940
817:861 – 7 or 8 June 862
579:, major revamp of the
289:Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh
4256:"al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh"
3736:, v. 32: pp. 229-30;
3590:Khan, Syed Muhammad.
3526:
3281:Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf
2860:Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
2779:He was a grandson of
2612:Umm ahmad (concubine)
2533:Further information:
2429:Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr
2335:Recovery of Jerusalem
2197:Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf
2127:1136 – 12 March 1160
2100:Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
2078:Abu Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr
2018:Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl
1920:Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
1782:Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir
1748:Deposed by the Buyid
1652:29 January 946 – 974
1451:31 October 932 – 934
1390:929 – 31 October 932
1175:He was the nephew of
669:, institution of the
653:Establishment of the
588:Mediterranean Islands
178:Further information:
4199:Cobb, P. M. (2000).
4038:"Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad"
3689:Aikin, John (1747).
3270:1455 – 7 April 1479
3049:Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
2939:Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
2819:Abū'l-ʿAbbas ʾAḥmad
2763:Abū ʾIsḥāq ʾIbrāhīm
1861:Caliphate of Córdoba
1838:Abu Ja'far Abdallah
1663:Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl
1269:13 August 908 – 929
1047:Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
828:Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad
577:Translation Movement
564:Umm Abdallah Marajil
89:Caliphate of Córdoba
3987:Lane-Poole, Stanley
3797:, pp. 821–822.
3785:, pp. 476–477.
3734:Al-Tabari 1985–2007
3670:factsanddetails.com
3496:—to Ottoman Sultan
3243:Abū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
2660:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
2516:Executed after the
2315:Abu'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1969:Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1153:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1073:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1038:Reigned during the
1017:Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad
986:Reigned during the
915:Reigned during the
849:Reigned during the
796:, abolition of the
686:city. He moved the
677:Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad
637:Maridah bint Shabib
626:Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad
356:775 – 4 August 785
279:10 June 754 – 775
4252:Zetterstéen, K. V.
4030:Zetterstéen, K. V.
3738:Ibn Khallikan 1842
3529:
3445:Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
3367:Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
3160:Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwud
2602:Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
2383:Abu Nasr Muḥammad
2049:Foundation of the
1556:Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
1439:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
1401:Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar
1378:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
1280:Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar
1225:Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī
1040:Anarchy at Samarra
1006:869 – 21 June 870
988:Anarchy at Samarra
917:Anarchy at Samarra
851:Anarchy at Samarra
688:capital to Samarra
523:Abdallah al-Ma'mun
499:Abū Mūsā Muḥammad
410:Abū Muḥammad Mūsā
340:Emirate of Córdoba
93:Anarchy at Samarra
70:Abbasid Revolution
53:, a branch of the
4300:Lists of monarchs
4269:978-90-04-08265-6
4243:978-90-04-11211-7
4191:978-90-04-09419-2
4113:978-0-88706-058-8
3978:978-90-04-09796-4
3875:978-0-8386-4113-2
3850:978-0-521-42974-0
3592:"خاندان بنو عباس"
3510:
3509:
3457:Al-Mutawakkil III
3134:Shaykh al-Mahmudi
2696:Almohad Caliphate
2526:
2525:
2288:Fatimid Caliphate
1938:Muhammad Dhakirat
1815:Baghdad Manifesto
1797:Installed by the
1686:Installed by the
1626:Installed by the
1328:Abd al-Rahman III
711:Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn
302:, (possibly from
213:750 – 8 June 754
180:Abbasid Caliphate
145:
85:Fatimid Caliphate
78:Abbasid Caliphate
74:Umayyad Caliphate
32:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
4342:
4273:
4247:
4223:Heinrichs, W. P.
4204:
4195:
4159:Heinrichs, W. P.
4141:
4117:
4093:
4080:. Translated by
4067:
4055:
4025:
4004:
3982:
3961:
3942:
3910:
3901:
3895:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3836:
3830:
3816:
3810:
3807:Zetterstéen 1987
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3551:. Archived from
3541:
3423:Mamluk Sultanate
3386:Mamluk Sultanate
3373:Al-Mutawakkil II
3027:Mamluk Sultanate
2835:Mamluk Sultanate
2793:Mamluk Sultanate
2738:Mamluk Sultanate
2565:
2535:Mamluk Sultanate
2326:Sayyida Zumurrud
2161:Al-Rashid Billah
1922:, Abbasid prince
1787:Tumna, concubine
1784:, Abbasid prince
1124:, North Africa,
902:, Abbasid prince
777:Umm Ja'far Shuja
639:, probably from
592:Emirate of Crete
531:Siege of Baghdad
229:Muhammad ibn Ali
187:
160:Byzantine Greeks
140:
138:
21:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4290:Abbasid caliphs
4280:
4279:
4270:
4250:
4244:
4215:Bosworth, C. E.
4198:
4192:
4151:Bosworth, C. E.
4144:
4138:
4137:978-0-306814808
4120:
4114:
4098:Bosworth, C. E.
4096:
4070:
4058:
4052:
4028:
4022:
4007:
3985:
3979:
3964:
3958:
3945:
3939:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3902:
3898:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3817:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3732:, p. 271;
3728:, p. 124;
3724:
3720:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3674:
3672:
3664:Hays, Jeffrey.
3663:
3662:
3658:
3649:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3625:
3623:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3521:
3519:Abbasid dynasty
3515:
3342:Al-Mutawakkil I
3329:al-Mutawakkil I
3287:Al-Mutawakkil I
3249:Al-Mutawakkil I
3211:Al-Mutawakkil I
3166:Al-Mutawakkil I
3114:Al-Mutawakkil I
3011:Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar
2689:al-Mustansir II
2681:Aqqush al-Burli
2635:Aqqush al-Burli
2583:Notable Events
2560:Ayyubid dynasty
2553:Ottoman dynasty
2537:
2531:
2511:Abbasid dynasty
2356:Ayyubid dynasty
1694:Mu'izz al-Dawla
1380:for a two days.
1320:al-Mahdi Billah
1164:Dirar (Hariz),
1122:Sind and Punjab
1114:Tulunid dynasty
1087:concubine from
632:Harun al-Rashid
581:House of Wisdom
559:Harun al-Rashid
505:Harun al-Rashid
475:established in
473:Idrisid dynasty
444:Hārūn al-Rashīd
336:Abd al-Rahman I
263:Battle of Talas
253:Abbasid dynasty
251:Founder of the
205:Notable Events
182:
176:
116:Sack of Baghdad
51:Abbasid dynasty
39:Abbasid caliphs
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Abbasid Caliphs
15:
12:
11:
5:
4348:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4268:
4248:
4242:
4219:van Donzel, E.
4207:Bearman, P. J.
4196:
4190:
4155:van Donzel, E.
4142:
4136:
4118:
4112:
4100:, ed. (1987).
4094:
4068:
4056:
4050:
4026:
4020:
4005:
3983:
3977:
3962:
3957:978-1416567622
3956:
3943:
3937:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3896:
3881:
3874:
3856:
3849:
3831:
3811:
3809:, p. 777.
3799:
3787:
3775:
3766:
3764:, p. 232.
3754:
3742:
3718:
3706:
3699:
3681:
3656:
3632:
3608:
3582:
3558:
3545:"Umm al-Walad"
3535:
3533:
3530:
3517:Main article:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3490:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3323:
3320:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3279:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3192:
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3185:
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3183:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3168:
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3158:
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3144:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3106:
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3088:
3083:
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3078:
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3064:
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3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3009:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
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2978:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2920:
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2908:
2907:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2885:
2882:
2878:
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2870:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2829:
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2820:
2817:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2761:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:
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2740:
2732:
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2723:
2720:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2603:
2600:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:Personal Name
2575:
2572:
2569:
2545:Mamluk sultans
2530:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2284:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2198:
2195:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2134:li-ʾamri ’llāh
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2051:Almohad Empire
2047:
2046:as his vizier.
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2008:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1970:
1967:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1805:Baha' al-Dawla
1795:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1777:
1774:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1753:Baha' al-Dawla
1746:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:Utb al-Rumiyah
1732:
1725:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1629:amīr al-umarāʾ
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1582:amīr al-umarāʾ
1577:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1538:
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1526:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1500:
1497:
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1477:
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1442:
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1421:
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1409:
1402:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1384:
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1382:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:
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1335:
1316:
1309:
1300:
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1298:
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1260:
1253:
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1233:
1226:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1208:
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1206:
1205:
1198:
1183:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
994:
991:
982:
981:
980:
969:
962:
959:
951:
948:
944:
943:
942:
941:
927:
920:
911:
910:
909:
903:
895:
892:
884:
881:
877:
876:
875:
874:
867:
864:
853:
845:
844:
843:
836:
829:
826:
818:
815:
811:
810:
809:
808:
801:
790:
781:
780:
779:
774:
767:
764:
756:
753:
749:
748:
747:
746:
739:
736:
731:
730:
729:
719:
712:
709:
701:
698:
694:
693:
692:
691:
680:
663:
651:
645:
644:
643:
634:
627:
624:
616:
613:
609:
608:
607:
606:
599:
584:
575:Launch of the
573:
568:
567:
566:
561:
554:
551:
544:
541:
537:
536:
535:
534:
519:
514:
513:
512:
507:
500:
497:
490:
487:
483:
482:
481:
480:
469:
464:
463:
462:
457:
450:
447:
440:
437:
433:
432:
431:
430:
425:
424:
423:
418:
411:
408:
401:
398:
394:
393:
392:
391:
387:
382:
381:
380:
375:
368:
365:
357:
354:
350:
349:
348:
347:
328:
321:
314:
309:
308:
307:
297:
290:
287:
280:
277:
273:
272:
271:
270:
260:
249:
240:Descendant of
236:
235:
234:
231:
224:
221:
214:
211:
207:
206:
203:
200:
199:Personal Name
197:
194:
191:
175:
172:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4347:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4211:Bianquis, Th.
4208:
4203:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4122:Kennedy, Hugh
4119:
4115:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4072:Ibn Khallikan
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4051:90-04-08114-3
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4021:0-7007-1507-X
4017:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3938:0-7486-2137-7
3934:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:Bosworth 2004
3885:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3750:Bosworth 1987
3746:
3743:
3740:, p. 65.
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3716:, p. 24.
3715:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3520:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3473:al-Mutawakkil
3470:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:al-Mutawakkil
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:al-Mutawakkil
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:bi-ʾamr Allāh
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:al-Mutawakkil
3068:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:al-Mutawakkil
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:Al-Mu'tadid I
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2889:al-Mutawakkil
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2866:Al-Mustakfi I
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2825:Al-Mustakfi I
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2812:bi-Amri'llāh
2811:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2653:bi-Amri'llāh
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:bi-amri ʾllāh
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:and uncle of
2158:
2157:Al-Mustarshid
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:Al-Mustarshid
2082:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2012:al-Mustarshid
2009:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1991:First Crusade
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:bi-amri ’llāh
1909:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:bi-amri 'llāh
1833:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1724:Abd al-Karīm
1723:
1721:
1720:li-amri ʿllāh
1719:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1326:from 909 and
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:Al-Mutawakkil
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
983:
978:
974:
970:
968:
967:Al-Mutawakkil
965:
964:
963:
960:
958:
956:
952:
949:
946:
945:
939:
935:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
914:
913:
912:
908:
904:
901:
898:
897:
896:
893:
891:
889:
885:
882:
879:
878:
872:
868:
865:
862:
858:
854:
852:
848:
847:
846:
841:
837:
835:
834:Al-Mutawakkil
832:
831:
830:
827:
825:
823:
819:
816:
813:
812:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
783:
782:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
763:
761:
760:al-Mutawakkil
757:
754:
751:
750:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:
732:
727:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
708:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
689:
685:
681:
678:
674:
673:
668:
664:
661:
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:
646:
642:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
623:
621:
617:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:Ibn Abi Du'ad
600:
597:
593:
589:
585:
582:
578:
574:
571:
570:
569:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
550:
549:
545:
542:
539:
538:
532:
528:
524:
520:
517:
516:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
495:
491:
488:
485:
484:
478:
474:
470:
467:
466:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
451:
448:
446:
445:
441:
438:
435:
434:
428:
427:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
406:
402:
399:
396:
395:
388:
385:
384:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
364:
362:
358:
355:
352:
351:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:
322:
319:
315:
312:
311:
310:
305:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
291:
288:
286:
285:
281:
278:
275:
274:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
250:
247:
243:
239:
238:
237:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
222:
220:
219:
215:
212:
209:
208:
188:
185:
181:
173:
171:
169:
166:or even from
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
143:
134:
130:
129:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4259:
4233:
4226:
4173:
4166:
4147:"al-Muhtadī"
4126:
4102:
4076:
4063:
4041:
4010:
3991:
3966:
3947:
3927:
3916:Bibliography
3899:
3884:
3865:
3859:
3840:
3834:
3819:
3814:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3769:
3762:Kennedy 2006
3757:
3745:
3726:Hurvitz 2002
3721:
3714:Bobrick 2012
3709:
3690:
3684:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:
3659:
3648:. Retrieved
3644:
3635:
3624:. Retrieved
3620:
3611:
3600:. Retrieved
3595:
3585:
3574:. Retrieved
3571:Khan Academy
3570:
3561:
3553:the original
3548:
3539:
3489:Second reign
3476:
3472:
3439:al-Mustamsik
3438:
3434:1516 – 1517
3405:
3401:
3397:1508 – 1516
3361:al-Mustamsik
3360:
3356:1497 – 1508
3333:Haj al-Malik
3316:
3312:
3275:al-Mustanjid
3274:
3236:
3232:1451 – 1455
3199:
3195:
3154:
3150:
3146:1414 – 1441
3118:Bay Khatun,
3101:
3074:
3070:
3056:Second reign
3043:al-Mustaʿṣim
3042:
3038:1386 – 1389
3005:
3001:
2987:Second reign
2974:
2970:
2966:1377 – 1383
2933:al-Mustaʿṣim
2932:
2892:
2888:
2884:1362 – 1377
2854:
2850:
2846:1352 – 1362
2813:
2809:
2805:1341 – 1352
2757:
2753:
2716:
2712:
2694:Fall of the
2676:'s auspices.
2654:
2650:
2596:al-Mustanṣir
2595:
2574:Regnal Name
2557:
2538:
2491:Al-Mustansir
2479:al-Mustaʿṣim
2478:
2423:al-Mustanṣir
2422:
2393:
2379:bi-amri’llāh
2376:
2311:li-Dīn Allāh
2308:
2249:Al-Mustanjid
2236:
2191:al-Mustanjid
2190:
2144:Al-Mustazhir
2131:
2071:
2024:Al-Mustazhir
2011:
1963:al-Mustaẓhir
1962:
1907:
1884:Malik Shah I
1878:to Tughril,
1868:Seljuk Turks
1831:
1769:
1717:
1656:
1627:
1602:
1580:
1549:
1503:
1483:Second reign
1455:
1420:Second reign
1394:
1348:
1273:
1218:
1146:
1066:
1010:
954:
887:
821:
787:Amir al-hajj
759:
704:
670:
657:
641:Sughd Region
619:
546:
527:Fourth Fitna
492:
443:
403:
360:
282:
267:Central Asia
217:
196:Regnal Name
183:
128:umm al-walad
126:
124:
104:Seljuk Turks
67:
38:
36:
4172:Volume VII:
4163:Pellat, Ch.
4034:Pellat, Ch.
3418:First reign
3381:First reign
3327:Ya'qub ibn
3196:al-Mustakfī
3151:al-Muʿtaḍid
3102:al-Mustaʿīn
3087:Third reign
3017:Al-Wathiq I
2953:First reign
2945:Al-Wathiq I
2912:First reign
2851:al-Muʿtaḍid
2713:al-Mustakfī
2509:End of the
2485:ʿAbd Allāh
2352:Middle East
2286:End of the
2237:al-Mustaḍīʾ
2117:for a week.
1669:Al-Muqtadir
1609:ʿAbd Allāh
1603:al-Mustakfī
1562:Al-Muqtadir
1516:Al-Muqtadir
1468:Al-Mu'tadid
1407:Al-Mu'tadid
1395:al-Muqtadir
1361:Al-Mu'tadid
1286:Al-Mu'tadid
1274:al-Muqtadir
1231:Al-Mu'tadid
1177:Al-Mu'tamid
1159:Al-Muwaffaq
1147:al-Muʿtaḍid
1126:Middle East
1118:Transoxiana
1107:Zanj Revolt
1067:al-Muʿtamid
934:Al-Musta'in
888:al-Mustaʿīn
871:Banu Hashim
857:al-Muntasir
822:al-Muntaṣir
805:al-Muntasir
794:Mu'tazilism
772:Al-Mu'tasim
717:Al-Mu'tasim
682:Founder of
667:Mu'tazilism
620:al-Muʿtaṣim
338:founds the
323:Founder of
148:Abyssinians
112:Sunni Islam
4284:Categories
4090:1184199260
3828:0300167989
3700:1333072457
3675:2023-06-30
3650:2023-06-30
3626:2023-06-30
3602:2023-06-30
3576:2023-06-30
3532:References
3475:ʿalā'llāh
3404:ʿalā'llāh
3315:ʿalā'llāh
3291:Bay Khatun
3253:Bay Khatun
3215:Bay Khatun
3073:ʿalā'llāh
2973:ʿalā'llāh
2891:ʿalā'llāh
2781:Al-Hakim I
2770:al-Hakim I
2728:Al-Hakim I
2497:Abyssinian
2321:Al-Mustadi
2213:Abyssinian
2203:Al-Muqtafi
2132:al-Muqtafī
1975:Al-Muqtadi
1944:Umm walad.
1925:Urjuwuan,
1908:al-Muqtadī
1891:Almoravids
1880:Alp Arslan
1713:974 – 991
1615:Al-Muktafi
1550:al-Muttaqī
1545:940 – 944
1306:Al-Muktafi
1219:al-Muktafī
1120:, Persia,
1069:ʿalā ’llāh
1011:al-Muhtadī
955:al-Muʿtazz
950:866 – 869
938:Al-Mu'tazz
883:862 – 866
861:al-Mu'tazz
859:, then by
838:Hubshiya,
762:ʿalā 'llāh
650:successor.
344:al-Andalus
4232:Volume X:
3795:Cobb 2000
3598:(in Urdu)
3513:Genealogy
3482:Muḥammad
3411:Muḥammad
3174:concubine
3153:bi-'llāh
3122:concubine
3004:bi-'llāh
3002:al-Wāthiq
2853:bi-'llāh
2756:bi-'llāh
2754:al-Wāthiq
2499:concubine
2462:Samarkand
2443:concubine
2281:Jerusalem
2257:concubine
2243:al-Ḥasan
2215:concubine
2072:al-Rāshid
2032:concubine
1948:Abbasids.
1929:concubine
1852:concubine
1524:concubine
1520:Thaloum,
1476:concubine
1424:Qarmatian
1369:concubine
1334:from 929.
1297:concubine
1242:concubine
1202:Qarmatian
1168:concubine
1103:Saffarids
1031:concubine
1023:Al-Wathiq
979:concubine
842:concubine
728:concubine
705:al-Wāthiq
548:al-Maʾmūn
373:Al-Mansur
284:al-Manṣūr
257:Caliphate
248:'s uncle.
218:al-Saffāḥ
152:Armenians
122:in 1258.
45:title of
4254:(1987).
4225:(eds.).
4165:(eds.).
4124:(2006).
4074:(1842).
4036:(1960).
3989:(1894).
3925:(1996).
3441:bi-'llāh
3363:bi-'llāh
3277:bi-'llāh
3237:al-Qāʾim
3198:bi-llāh
3104:bi-'llāh
3045:bi-'llāh
2935:bi-'llāh
2810:al-Ḥākim
2787:al-Hakim
2715:bi-llāh
2698:in 1269.
2651:al-Ḥākim
2608:Az-Zahir
2580:Parents
2481:bi-'llāh
2435:Al-Zahir
2425:bi-'llāh
2389:Al-Nasir
2377:al-Ẓāhir
2309:al-Nāṣir
2255:Armenian
2253:Ghadha,
2207:Thawus,
2193:bi-'llāh
2074:bi-'llāh
2028:Lubaba,
2014:bi-'llāh
1965:bi-'llāh
1942:Armenian
1927:Armenian
1850:Armenian
1844:Al-Qadir
1832:al-Qāʾim
1772:bi-'llāh
1770:al-Qādir
1718:al-Ṭāʾiʿ
1659:li-ʾllāh
1657:al-Muṭīʿ
1605:bi-ʾllāh
1552:li-'llāh
1506:bi-'llāh
1472:Fitnah,
1458:bi-'llāh
1456:al-Qāhir
1426:sack of
1397:bi-'llāh
1365:Fitnah,
1351:bi-'llāh
1349:al-Qāhir
1324:Fatimids
1276:bi-'llāh
1257:Tulunids
1221:bi-'llāh
1149:bi-'llāh
1083:Fityan,
1013:bi-'llāh
971:Sabiha (
957:bi-ʾllāh
890:bi-ʾllāh
824:bi-'llāh
707:bi-'llāh
622:bi-’llāh
455:Al-Mahdi
416:Al-Mahdi
363:bi-'llāh
361:al-Mahdī
304:Nefzaoua
300:Sallamah
246:Muhammad
242:al-Abbas
202:Parents
137:أم الولد
59:Muhammad
4174:Mif–Naz
4001:1199708
3498:Selim I
3172:Turkish
3170:Kazal,
3120:Turkish
2685:Baybars
2674:Baybars
2631:Baybars
2621:Baybars
2598:bi-llāh
2495:Hajer,
2458:Bukhara
2441:Turkish
2439:Zahra,
2360:Saladin
2339:Saladin
2292:Saladin
2209:Turkish
2168:Seljuks
2107:Isfahan
2055:Maghreb
2053:in the
1940:and an
1872:Tughril
1863:(1031).
1730:Al-Muti
1703:August.
1504:al-Rāḍī
1412:Shaghab
1332:Córdoba
1322:of the
1291:Shaghab
1240:Turkish
1191:Thughur
766:Jaʿfar
722:Qaratis
690:in 836.
684:Samarra
659:ghilman
655:Turkish
494:al-Amīn
477:Morocco
405:al-Hādī
334:prince
332:Umayyad
325:Baghdad
164:Turkish
156:Berbers
144:
120:Mongols
118:by the
55:Quraysh
43:Islamic
4266:
4240:
4221:&
4188:
4161:&
4134:
4110:
4088:
4048:
4018:
3999:
3975:
3954:
3935:
3872:
3847:
3826:
3697:
2687:after
2571:Reign
2277:Medina
2115:Alamut
1995:Mawdud
1882:, and
1876:Sultan
1870:under
1776:Aḥmad
1675:Sicily
1522:Berber
1474:Berber
1434:(930).
1432:Medina
1367:Berber
1315:(908).
1187:Jazira
1130:Arabia
1027:Qurb,
973:Qabiha
907:Sicily
894:Aḥmad
798:miḥnah
743:dropsy
479:(788).
449:Hārūn
346:(756).
193:Reign
168:Sicily
133:Arabic
108:Sultan
47:caliph
4205:. In
4149:. In
3468:1517
3465:(17)
3431:(16)
2928:1377
2691:died.
2541:Cairo
2273:Mecca
2030:Slavs
1799:Buyid
1688:Buyid
1640:Buyid
1633:Tuzun
1586:Tuzun
1448:(19)
1428:Mecca
1387:(18)
1295:Greek
1236:Jijak
1195:Jibal
1166:Greek
1085:Greek
1029:Greek
977:Greek
840:Greek
726:Greek
672:mihna
598:(827)
318:Mecca
100:Emirs
97:Buyid
82:Shi'a
4264:ISBN
4238:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4132:ISBN
4108:ISBN
4086:OCLC
4046:ISBN
4016:ISBN
3997:OCLC
3973:ISBN
3952:ISBN
3933:ISBN
3908:p. 3
3893:p. 7
3870:ISBN
3845:ISBN
3824:ISBN
3695:ISBN
3063:(7)
3035:(8)
2963:(7)
2568:No.
2394:Asma
2279:and
1889:The
1802:Amir
1750:Amir
1691:Amir
1430:and
1344:929
1128:and
1098:him.
1089:Kufa
936:and
190:No.
142:lit.
37:The
4234:T–U
4178:doi
3477:III
3406:III
3394:17
3353:16
3305:15
3267:14
3229:13
3188:12
3143:11
3094:10
2471:37
2415:36
2369:35
2358:of
2301:34
2229:33
2211:or
2183:32
2124:31
2064:30
2004:29
1955:28
1900:27
1824:26
1762:25
1710:24
1649:23
1595:22
1542:21
1496:20
1341:19
1330:of
1266:18
1211:17
1139:16
1059:15
1003:14
975:),
947:13
880:12
814:11
752:10
342:in
4286::
4230:.
4217:;
4213:;
4209:;
4184:.
4170:.
4157:;
4153:;
4040:.
4032:;
3906:,
3891:,
3668:.
3643:.
3619:.
3594:.
3569:.
3547:.
3317:II
3200:II
3155:II
3006:II
2994:9
2925:8
2881:7
2843:6
2814:II
2802:5
2746:4
2705:3
2643:2
2588:1
2562:.
2555:.
2460:,
2275:,
1293:,
1238:,
1193:,
1189:,
724:,
697:9
612:8
540:7
486:6
436:5
397:4
353:3
276:2
259:).
244:,
210:1
170:.
162:,
158:,
154:,
150:,
139:,
135::
65:.
61:,
4272:.
4246:.
4194:.
4180::
4140:.
4116:.
4092:.
4054:.
4024:.
4003:.
3981:.
3960:.
3941:.
3878:.
3853:.
3703:.
3678:.
3653:.
3629:.
3605:.
3579:.
3504:.
3136:.
3075:I
2975:I
2893:I
2855:I
2795:.
2772:)
2758:I
2717:I
2655:I
2623:.
2362:.
2341:.
2294:.
2283:.
2170:.
2163:.
2102:.
1886:.
1817:.
1807:.
1755:.
1696:.
1635:.
1588:.
1441:.
1197:.
1132:.
1109:.
1042:.
990:.
926:.
919:.
873:.
807:.
679:.
533:.
306:)
269:.
131:(
34:.
20:)
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