256:. This difference in water availability causes a diversity in the organisms that survive in these areas. These differences in abiotic components alter the species present both by creating boundaries of what species can survive within the environment, and influencing competition between two species. Abiotic factors such as
62:. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole. They affect a plethora of species, in all forms of environmental conditions, such as marine or land animals. Humans can make or change abiotic factors in a species' environment. For instance,
89:. Resources are distinguished as substances or objects in the environment required by one organism and consumed or otherwise made unavailable for use by other organisms. Component degradation of a substance occurs by
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1301:
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1445:
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173:
may also be considered in the context of marine or sub-terrestrial environments. Abiotic factors in ocean environments also include aerial exposure,
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471:
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1530:
1087:
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1471:
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Chapin, F.S. III, H.A. Mooney, M.C. Chapin, and P. Matson. 2011. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer, New York.
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82:
2016:
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1991:
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have also evolved to survive at the temperature, the humidity, and stability of their environment.
237:
require very high temperatures, pressures or unusual concentrations of chemical substances such as
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51:
1279:
27:
Non-living parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems
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Dunson, William A. (November 1991). "The Role of
Abiotic Factors in Community Organization".
1930:
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For example, there is a significant difference in access in both water and humidity between
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can give one species a competitive advantage over another, creating pressures that lead to
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353:. Washington, D.C.: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from
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286:, the gradual process of increasing complexity of non-living into living matter.
283:
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63:
387:"Systematic Comparison of C3 and C4 Plants Based on Metabolic Network Analysis"
209:
in relation to their abiotic stressors. C3 plants have no mechanisms to manage
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241:; this is due to their specialization into extreme conditions. In addition,
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169:. The macroscopic climate often influences each of the above. Pressure and
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2011:
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Abiotic components include physical conditions and non-living
280:, a living part of an ecosystem that affects and shapes it.
385:
Wang, Chuali; Guo, Longyun; Li, Yixue; Wang, Zhuo (2012).
474:. Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology,
101:. All non-living components of an ecosystem, such as
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1594:
1454:
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1224:
1103:
1030:
987:
909:
876:
773:
685:
579:
70:which humans utilize can change marine pH levels.
225:processes in certain high energy environments.
213:, whereas C4 and CAM plants utilize a separate
189:. Consider the differences in the mechanics of
1295:
548:
8:
1516:Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
1302:
1288:
1280:
555:
541:
533:
335:Water Quality Vocabulary. ISO 6107-6:1994.
412:
402:
77:that affect living organisms in terms of
1414:Predator–prey (Lotka–Volterra) equations
1053:Tritrophic interactions in plant defense
264:and alteration of a species to and from
117:In biology, abiotic factors can include
1446:Random generalized Lotka–Volterra model
306:
1254:Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
266:generalist and specialist competitors
66:can affect a snail's habitat, or the
7:
1269:Predator avoidance in schooling fish
444:RSC: Advancing the Chemical Sciences
374:. National Geographic Society. 2011.
1719:Intermediate disturbance hypothesis
201:plants in regulating the influx of
1472:Ecological effects of biodiversity
315:The Economy of Nature, 6th edition
165:, dissolved oxygen nutrients, and
25:
808:Generalist and specialist species
109:, are called abiotic components.
1531:Occupancy–abundance relationship
1551:Relative abundance distribution
1264:Plant defense against herbivory
1131:Competitive exclusion principle
843:Mesopredator release hypothesis
221:, thus increasing the yield of
1136:Consumer–resource interactions
476:University of the Western Cape
1:
1982:Biological data visualization
1809:Environmental niche modelling
1536:Population viability analysis
1467:Density-dependent inhibition
46:are non-living chemical and
1936:Liebig's law of the minimum
1771:Resource selection function
662:Metabolic theory of ecology
2123:
1836:Niche apportionment models
1556:Relative species abundance
760:Primary nutritional groups
657:List of feeding behaviours
2085:
2017:Ecosystem based fisheries
1629:Interspecific competition
1521:Minimum viable population
1379:Maximum sustainable yield
1364:Intraspecific competition
1359:Effective population size
1239:Anti-predator adaptations
750:Photosynthetic efficiency
404:10.1186/1752-0509-6-S2-S9
345:Hogan, C. Benito (2010).
2007:Ecological stoichiometry
1972:Alternative stable state
1851:Ontogenetic niche shift
1714:Ideal free distribution
1624:Ecological facilitation
1374:Malthusian growth model
1344:Consumer-resource model
1201:Paradox of the plankton
1166:Energy systems language
886:Chemoorganoheterotrophy
853:Optimal foraging theory
828:Heterotrophic nutrition
495:The American Naturalist
437:"Rubisco and C4 Plants"
369:"Ocean Abiotic Factors"
58:and the functioning of
1997:Ecological forecasting
1941:Marginal value theorem
1739:Landscape epidemiology
1674:Cross-boundary subsidy
1609:Biological interaction
959:Microbial intelligence
647:Green world hypothesis
250:temperate rain forests
103:atmospheric conditions
2107:Environmental science
2002:Ecological humanities
1901:Ecological energetics
1846:Niche differentiation
1709:Habitat fragmentation
1477:Ecological extinction
1424:Small population size
1176:Feed conversion ratio
1156:Ecological succession
1088:San Francisco Estuary
1002:Ecological efficiency
944:Microbial cooperation
446:. RSC. Archived from
351:Encyclopedia of Earth
313:Ricklefs, R.E. 2005.
2027:Evolutionary ecology
1992:Ecological footprint
1987:Ecological economics
1911:Ecological threshold
1906:Ecological indicator
1776:Source–sink dynamics
1729:Land change modeling
1724:Insular biogeography
1576:Species distribution
1315:Modelling ecosystems
974:Microbial metabolism
813:Intraguild predation
602:Biogeochemical cycle
568:Modelling ecosystems
472:"Abiotic Components"
2077:Theoretical ecology
2052:Natural environment
1916:Ecosystem diversity
1886:Ecological collapse
1876:Bateman's principle
1831:Limiting similarity
1744:Landscape limnology
1566:Species homogeneity
1404:Population modeling
1399:Population dynamics
1216:Trophic state index
391:BMC Systems Biology
207:Calvin-Benson Cycle
54:that affect living
2088:Outline of ecology
2037:Industrial ecology
2032:Functional ecology
1896:Ecological deficit
1841:Niche construction
1804:Ecosystem engineer
1581:Species–area curve
1502:Introduced species
1317:: Other components
1249:Deimatic behaviour
1151:Ecological network
1083:North Pacific Gyre
1068:hydrothermal vents
1007:Ecological pyramid
954:Microbial food web
765:Primary production
710:Foundation species
317:. WH Freeman, USA.
217:enzyme to prevent
95:physical processes
40:abiotic components
18:Abiotic components
2094:
2093:
1977:Balance of nature
1734:Landscape ecology
1619:Community ecology
1561:Species diversity
1497:Indicator species
1492:Gradient analysis
1369:Logistic function
1277:
1276:
1234:Animal coloration
1211:Trophic mutualism
949:Microbial ecology
740:Photoheterotrophs
725:Myco-heterotrophy
637:Ecosystem ecology
622:Carrying capacity
587:Abiotic component
16:(Redirected from
2114:
1794:Ecological niche
1766:selection theory
1586:Umbrella species
1571:Species richness
1507:Invasive species
1487:Flagship species
1394:Population cycle
1389:Overexploitation
1354:Ecological yield
1304:
1297:
1290:
1281:
1186:Mesotrophic soil
1126:Climax community
1058:Marine food webs
997:Biomagnification
798:Chemoorganotroph
652:Keystone species
612:Biotic component
557:
550:
543:
534:
527:
526:
501:(5): 1067–1091.
490:
484:
483:
478:. Archived from
468:
462:
461:
459:
458:
452:
441:
433:
427:
426:
416:
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382:
376:
375:
373:
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359:
358:
347:"Abiotic factor"
342:
336:
333:
327:
324:
318:
311:
295:Phosphorus cycle
278:Biotic component
219:photorespiration
211:photorespiration
68:greenhouse gases
21:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2081:
2067:Systems ecology
1955:
1926:Extinction debt
1891:Ecological debt
1881:Bioluminescence
1862:
1855:
1824:marine habitats
1799:Ecological trap
1780:
1660:
1653:
1596:
1590:
1546:Rapoport's rule
1541:Priority effect
1482:Endemic species
1450:
1409:Population size
1325:
1318:
1308:
1278:
1273:
1226:
1220:
1206:Trophic cascade
1116:Bioaccumulation
1099:
1026:
983:
905:
872:
769:
681:
642:Ecosystem model
575:
561:
531:
530:
492:
491:
487:
470:
469:
465:
456:
454:
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439:
435:
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430:
384:
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379:
371:
367:
366:
362:
344:
343:
339:
334:
330:
325:
321:
312:
308:
303:
274:
231:
215:PEP carboxylase
115:
107:water resources
44:abiotic factors
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2120:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Microecosystem
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1946:Thorson's rule
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Assembly rules
1867:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1756:
1754:Patch dynamics
1751:
1749:Metapopulation
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
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1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1644:Storage effect
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1592:
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1589:
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1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Neutral theory
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Native species
1504:
1499:
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1479:
1474:
1469:
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1441:
1436:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Overpopulation
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
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1328:
1320:
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1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:Nutrient cycle
1188:
1183:
1181:Feeding frenzy
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Energy quality
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:Cascade effect
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1113:
1107:
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1075:
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1024:
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1009:
1004:
999:
993:
991:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
971:
966:
964:Microbial loop
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
929:Lithoautotroph
926:
921:
915:
913:
911:Microorganisms
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
880:
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868:Prey switching
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745:Photosynthesis
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712:
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702:
700:Chemosynthesis
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592:Abiotic stress
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507:10.1086/285270
485:
482:on 2005-04-25.
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360:
357:on 2013-06-08.
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290:Nitrogen cycle
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223:photosynthesis
203:carbon dioxide
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2108:
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2072:Urban ecology
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1932:
1931:Kleiber's law
1929:
1927:
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1919:
1917:
1914:
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1907:
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1704:Foster's rule
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1387:
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1332:
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1329:
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50:parts of the
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19:
2057:Regime shift
2042:Macroecology
1763:
1759:
1699:Edge effects
1669:Biogeography
1614:Commensalism
1462:Biodiversity
1339:Allee effect
1078:kelp forests
1031:Example webs
896:Detritivores
735:Organotrophs
715:Kinetotrophs
667:Productivity
586:
498:
494:
488:
480:the original
466:
455:. Retrieved
448:the original
443:
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394:
390:
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363:
355:the original
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247:
232:
183:solar energy
153:, altitude,
116:
87:reproduction
72:
43:
39:
29:
1694:Disturbance
1597:interaction
1419:Recruitment
1349:Depensation
1141:Copiotrophs
1012:Energy flow
934:Lithotrophy
878:Decomposers
858:Planktivore
833:Insectivore
823:Heterotroph
788:Bacterivore
755:Phototrophs
705:Chemotrophs
677:Restoration
627:Competition
284:Abiogenesis
171:sound waves
131:temperature
83:maintenance
64:fertilizers
52:environment
2062:Sexecology
1639:Parasitism
1604:Antibiosis
1439:Resistance
1434:Resilience
1324:Population
1244:Camouflage
1196:Oligotroph
1111:Ascendency
1073:intertidal
1063:cold seeps
1017:Food chain
818:Herbivores
793:Carnivores
720:Mixotrophs
695:Autotrophs
574:components
457:2017-05-05
397:(59): S9.
301:References
262:speciation
139:atmosphere
99:hydrolysis
60:ecosystems
1967:Allometry
1921:Emergence
1649:Symbiosis
1634:Mutualism
1429:Stability
1334:Abundance
1146:Dominance
1104:Processes
1093:tide pool
989:Food webs
863:Predation
848:Omnivores
775:Consumers
730:Mycotroph
687:Producers
632:Ecosystem
597:Behaviour
175:substrate
127:radiation
75:resources
56:organisms
2101:Category
2022:Endolith
1951:Xerosere
1863:networks
1679:Ecocline
1225:Defense,
901:Detritus
803:Foraging
672:Resource
523:84867707
423:23281598
272:See also
258:salinity
229:Examples
155:minerals
147:salinity
135:humidity
91:chemical
48:physical
2012:Ecopath
1819:Habitat
1689:Ecotype
1684:Ecotone
1661:ecology
1659:Spatial
1595:Species
1455:Species
1326:ecology
1311:Ecology
1259:Mimicry
1227:counter
1171:f-ratio
919:Archaea
607:Biomass
580:General
572:Trophic
564:Ecology
515:2462508
414:3521184
254:deserts
205:to the
143:acidity
113:Factors
97:, e.g.
36:ecology
32:biology
1043:Rivers
939:Marine
521:
513:
421:
411:
239:sulfur
235:Archea
197:, and
85:, and
79:growth
1960:Other
1861:Other
1814:Guild
1786:Niche
1038:Lakes
519:S2CID
511:JSTOR
451:(PDF)
440:(PDF)
372:(PDF)
243:fungi
233:Many
187:tides
159:tides
123:light
119:water
1048:Soil
419:PMID
252:and
185:and
167:soil
163:rain
105:and
34:and
503:doi
499:138
409:PMC
399:doi
199:CAM
93:or
42:or
30:In
2103::
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195:C4
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191:C3
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1764:K
1762:/
1760:r
1303:e
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556:e
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395:6
20:)
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