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during the late Middle Bronze IIA (c. 1820-1628 BC). In relation to Syria, the ruler of byblos held the title "king" in the Mari
Archive. However, Abishemu belongs to a sequence of rulers who held the Egyptian title Haty-aa of Kepny (ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny), indicating they served as "governors" for the great
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Abishemu (also known as
Abichemou) may have been the son of Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa (the R and L are interchangeable), and father of Ibshemuabi. His reign may correspond to the second half of the Middle Bronze II, when Byblos may have recognized the Great King of Egypt as its overlord, using the
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Wehem ankh (wHm ʻnḫ) literally means "repeating life", an expression used in
Ancient Egypt in various contexts, also as an epithet applied to the deceased from the Middle Kingdom onwards. Thus, the obelisk may be associated with the burial of Abishemu.
255:
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Riham
Mohamed Ezz El Din. "The Significance of "Wehem Ankh" in Ancient Egypt". Journal of Tourism, Hotels and Heritage, 5, 2, 2022, 123-144. doi: 10.21608/sis.2022.174101.1093
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Some have speculated that "Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq" in the
Abishemu Obelisk may refer to Kukunnis, son of Lukka, Lukka being an ethnic group later considered to be among the purported "
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200:, Haty-aa of Byblos (Governor), Ib-shemu, repeating life, his , Kukun, son of Ruqqa/Luqqa, justified (deceased).
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title Haty-aa and adopting
Egyptian style as opposed to the Syrian style dominated by
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376:(Ph.D.). Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Faculteit der Wijsbegeerte. p. 31.
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224:, son of Lukka" (in analysis of the Sea Peoples, Lukka have been proposed as "
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Transcribed: mry Ḥr-š·f ḥꜣty-ʻ n Kpny ʼb-šmw wḥm ʻnḫ f Kwkwn śꜣ Rwqq mꜣʻ ḫrw
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253:(1959). "Dunand's New Byblos Volume: A Lycian at the Byblian Court".
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144:(Ib-shemu; ʼb-šmw) was the ruler of the city-state of
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Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research
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325:"The Lukka Problem – And a Possible Solution"
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372:Woudhuizen, Frederik Christiaan (2006).
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374:The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples
330:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
149:king of Egypt during the late
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196:Translated: Beloved of
28:King/Governor of Byblos
323:Bryce, T. R. (1974).
251:Albright, William F.
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188:Temple of Obelisks
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153:and early
127:Ibshemuabi
73:Ibshemuabi
382:1765/7686
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70:Successor
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208:Theories
198:Herishef
22:Abishemu
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226:Lycians
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168:Yamhad
146:Byblos
135:Kukun?
132:Father
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112:Burial
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355:S2CID
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172:Qatna
161:Reign
123:Issue
65:Kukun
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