Indigenous Australian art - Knowledge (XXG)

951: 47: 1163: 693: 624: 593:, sometimes coiled baskets, were created by twisting bark, palm-leaf, and feathers; some of the baskets were plain and some were created with feather pendants or feathers woven in the frame of the basket. The artists used mineral and plant dyes to colour the palm-leaves and bark of the hibiscus. These string bags and baskets were used in ceremonies for religious and ritual needs; the baskets might have been also used for carry things back to the village. 1304:'s (WIPO) Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore. "Traditional cultural expressions" is used by WIPO to refer to "any form of artistic and literary expression in which traditional culture and knowledge are embodied. They are transmitted from one generation to the next, and include handmade textiles, paintings, stories, legends, ceremonies, music, songs, rhythms and dance". 394: 33: 1261: 171: 140: 1389: 718:(or Jukurrpa) is common to all Aboriginal peoples. As part of these beliefs, during ancient times mythic Aboriginal ancestor spirits were the creators of the land and sky, and eventually became a part of it. The Aboriginal peoples' spiritual beliefs underpin their laws, art forms, and ceremonies. Traditional Aboriginal art almost always has a mythological undertone relating to the Dreaming. 531: 1403: 935: 1093:, Lena Pwerle, and dozens of others, all of whose works have become highly sought-after. The popularity of these often elderly artists, and the resulting pressure placed upon them and their health, has become such an issue that some art centres have stopped selling these artists' paintings online, instead placing prospective clients on a waiting list for work. 237:. Dated at 28,000 years, it is one of the oldest known pieces of rock art on Earth with a confirmed date. It is thought this decorated fragment may have once formed part of a larger ceiling artwork, however, the shape of the original motif is unknown. The oldest reliably dated unambiguous, in-situ rock art motif in Australia is a large painting of a 3616: 678: 1185:

was also a growing private market for Aboriginal art in Alice Springs. Artists' experiences of the private market were marked by feelings of frustration and a sense of disempowerment when buyers refused to pay prices which reflected the value of the Jukurrpa or showed little interest in understanding the story. The establishment of

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own, sparsely, or in clustered groups. Depending upon the group of which the artist is a member, symbols such as campfire, tree, hill, digging hole, waterhole, or spring can vary in meaning. Use of the symbol can be clarified further by the use of colour, such as water being depicted in blue or black.

313:. According to Tacon, "The Maliwawa back-to-back figures are the oldest known for western Arnhem Land and it appears this painting convention began with the Maliwawa style. It continues to the present with bark paintings and paintings on paper". Taçon draws comparisons between the Maliwawa Figures and 1204:

pursuing a famous artist: "The late (great) Emily Kngwarreye...was relentlessly pursued by carpetbaggers towards the end of her career and produced a large but inconsistent body of work." According to Sotheby's "We take about one in every 20 paintings of hers, and with those we look for provenance we

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Many of the centres operate online art galleries where local and international visitors can purchase works directly from the communities without the need of going through an intermediary. The cooperatives reflect the diversity of art across Indigenous Australia from the north west region where ochre

860:, creating masks and drums, and carving decorative features on these and other items for ceremonial use. From the 1970s, young artists were beginning their studies at around the same time that a significant re-connection to traditional myths and legends was happening. Margaret Lawrie's publications, 651:

Certain symbols within the Aboriginal modern art movement retain the same meaning across regions although the meaning of the symbols may change within the context of a painting. When viewed in monochrome other symbols can look similar, such as the circles within circles, sometimes depicted on their

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In most Pacific areas the men oversee the art and architecture; the women oversee the art in felted cloth they would make from tree bark and plants. The art in clothing is supervised by the head woman in charge of the production. These detailed clothes were worn for rituals; each represented wealth

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The material they call Aboriginal art is almost exclusively the work of fakers, forgers and fraudsters. Their work hides behind false descriptions and dubious designs. The overwhelming majority of the ones you see in shops throughout the country, not to mention Darling, are fakes, pure and simple.

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People are clearly taking advantage...Especially the elderly people. I mean, these are people that, they're not educated; they haven't had a lot of contact with white people. They've got no real basic understanding, you know, of the law and even business law. Obviously they've got no real business

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Many of the artists who played crucial roles in the founding of the art centre were aware of the increasing interest in Aboriginal art during the 1970s and had watched with concern and curiosity the developments of the art movement at Papunya amongst people to whom they were closely related. There

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The Museum for Australian Aboriginal art "La grange" (at Neuchâtel, Switzerland) is one of the few museums in Europe that dedicates itself entirely to this kind of art. During seasonal exhibitions, works of art by internationally renowned artists are being shown. Also, the Musée du Quai Branly,

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In March 2006, the ABC reported art fraud had hit the Western Australian Aboriginal Art movements. Allegations were made of sweatshop-like conditions, fake works by English backpackers, overpricing and artists posing for photographs for artwork that was not theirs. A detective on the case said:

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are a form of rock art constructed by Aboriginal Australians. Typically they consist of stones, each of which may be about 30 cm in size, laid out in a pattern extending over several metres or tens of metres. Each stone is well-embedded into the soil, and many have "trigger-stones" to

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Artists Pty Ltd, however a time of disillusionment followed as artists were criticised by their peers for having revealed too much of their sacred heritage. Secret designs restricted to a ritual context were now in the market place, made visible to Australian Aboriginal painting. Much of the

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Many paintings by Aboriginal artists, such as those that represent a Dreaming story, are shown from an aerial perspective. The narrative follows the lie of the land, as created by ancestral beings in their journey or during creation. The modern day rendition is a reinterpretation of songs,

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The winners of the West Australian Indigenous Arts Awards were announced on 22 August 2013. From over 137 nominations from throughout Australia, Churchill Cann won the Best West Australian Piece (A$ 10,000) and North Queensland artist Brian Robinson won the Best Overall prize (A$ 50,000).

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Despite concerns about supply and demand for paintings, the remoteness of many of the artists, and the poverty and health issues experienced in the communities, there are widespread estimates of an industry worth close to half a billion Australian dollars each year, and growing rapidly.

1014:, which are similar to the type used for mortuary ceremonies in Arnhem Land. It was made for the bicentenary of Australia's colonisation, and is in remembrance of Aboriginal people who had died protecting their land during conflict with settlers. It was created by 43 artists from 1247:

Australian Indigenous art movements and cooperatives have been central to the emergence of Indigenous Australian art. Whereas many western artists pursue formal training and work as individuals, most contemporary Indigenous art is created in community groups and art centres.

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Some natural sites were sacred to them, and were also the location where seasonal rituals were performed. During these rituals the Aboriginal people created art such as feather and fibre objects, they painted and created rock engravings, and also painted on bark of the

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painting for a lemon (car): "Artists have come to me and pulled out photos of cars with mobile phone numbers on the back. They're asked to paint 10-15 canvasses in exchange for a car. When the 'Toyotas' materialise, they often arrive with a flat tyre, no spares, no jack, no

1077:. Her styles, which changed every year, have been seen as a mixture of traditional Aboriginal and contemporary Australian. Her rise in popularity has prefigured that of many Indigenous artists from central, northern and western Australia, such as Kngwarreye's niece 1096:

Current artists in vogue include Jacinta Hayes, popular for her iconic representation of "Bush Medicine Leaves" and "Honey Ants", Rex Sultan (who studied with Albert Namatjira), Trephina Sultan and Reggie Sultan, Bessie Pitjara and Joyce Nakamara, amongst others.

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is significantly used; to the tropical north where the use of cross-hatching prevails; to the Papunya style of art from the central desert cooperatives. Art is increasingly becoming a significant source of income and livelihood for some of these communities.

868:(1972), reviving stories which had all but been forgotten, influenced the artists greatly. While some of these stories had been written down by Haddon after his 1898 expedition to the Torres Strait, many had subsequently fallen out of use or been forgotten. 728:

Doesn't matter what sort of painting we do in this country, it still belongs to the people, all the people. This is worship, work, culture. It's all Dreaming. There are two ways of painting. Both ways are important, because that's culture. – source

891:(b.1975). These and other Torres Strait artists have greatly expanded the forms of Indigenous art within Australia, bringing superb Melanesian carving skills as well as new stories and subject matter. The College of Technical and Further Education on 2058:

Johnston, Iain G.; Goldhahn, Joakim; May, Sally K. (2017). "6. Dynamic Figures of Mirarr Country: Chaloupka's four-phase theory and the question of variability within a rock art style". In David, Bruno; Taçon, Paul S.C.; et al. (eds.).

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has always been an essential part of Aboriginal culture, requiring wood, sharp stone to carve, wire and fire. The wire and fire were used to create patterns on the object by heating the wire with the fire and placing it on the wood carving.

317:'s Dynamic Figures style, where the subject matter consists of about 89 percent humans, compared with 42% of the Maliwawa Figures. There is, however, much complexity and debate regarding the classification of rock art style in Arnhem Land. 761:

Many culturally significant sites of Aboriginal rock paintings have been gradually desecrated and destroyed by encroachment of early settlers and modern-day visitors. This includes the destruction of art by clearing and construction work,

456:(although the function and culture are presumably completely different). Although its association with Aboriginal Australians is well-authenticated and beyond doubt, the purpose is unclear, although it may have a connection with 611:

Aboriginal people created shell pendants which were considered high value and often used for trading goods. These shells were attached to string, which was handmade from human hair and sometimes covered with a type of grease and red

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and rank in the group. The sacred clothing is also used in trade goods and social and political relationships. Wearing the textile then removing it and giving it to another person helped to bond or reinforce friendship or alliances.

982:, and sold out when the paintings were exhibited in Melbourne, Adelaide and other Australian cities. Namatjira became the first Aboriginal Australian citizen, as a result of his fame and popularity with these watercolour paintings. 308:

and dugong have been extinct in Arnhem land for millennia. The art was first seen by the 2008-2009 researchers, but were only studied in field research lasting from 2016 to 2018. The figures were named by Ronald Lamilami, a senior

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In August 2006, following concerns raised about unethical practices in the Indigenous art sector, the Australian Senate initiated an inquiry into issues in the sector. It heard from the Northern Territory Art Minister,

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Whatever the meaning, interpretations of the symbols should be made in context of the entire painting, the region from which the artist originates, the story behind the painting, and the style of the painting.

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The first European discovery of aboriginal rock paintings took place on 14 January 1803. During a surveying expedition along the shores and islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, British navigator and explorer

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in what is now the School of Art and Design. Other artists such as Laurie Nona, Brian Robinson, David Bosun, Glen Mackie, Joemen Nona, Daniel O'Shane and Tommy Pau are known for their printmaking work.

225:, are estimated to be up to around 40,000 years old. The oldest firmly dated evidence of rock art painting in Australia is a charcoal drawing on a small rock fragment found during the excavation of the 1431: 1242: 1201:

preying on a sick artist: "Even coming to town for medical treatment, such as dialysis, can make an artist easy prey for dealers wanting to make a quick profit who congregate in Alice Springs"

989:'s designs was produced on the Australian one dollar note, originally without his knowledge. The subsequent payment to him by the Reserve Bank marked the first case of Aboriginal copyright in 3876: 347:, are created by methods which vary depending on the type of rock being used and other factors. There are several different types of rock art across Australia, the most famous of which is 3866: 1451: 3103: 3250: 1071:, became very popular. Although she had been involved in craftwork for most of her life, it was only when she was in her 80s that she was recognised as a painter. Her works include 494:

shaped like animals, were sometimes traded to Europeans for goods. The reason Aboriginal people made wood carvings was to help tell their Dreaming stories and pass on their group's

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caused by excessive touching of sites, and graffiti. Many sites now belonging to National Parks have to be strictly monitored by rangers, or closed off to the public permanently.

3065: 1980: 1311:, says that within Australian Indigenous communities, "the use of the word 'traditional' tends not to be preferred as it implies that Indigenous culture is locked in time". 1876: 3164: 2782: 460:. It has also been suggested that the site may have been used for astronomical purposes. Smaller stone arrangements are found throughout Australia, such as those near 3956: 304:, had not been described in the literature before this study. They are large, and depict relationships between people and animals, a rare theme in rock art. Bilbies, 3212:

ENGAGING - A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property

2190: 5714: 5455: 5051: 3759: 3705: 1297: 1177:'s time and in the early years of the Papunya movement, there have been concerns about the exploitation of the largely illiterate and non-English speaking artists. 386:

are said to be the world's largest collection of petroglyphs and includes images of extinct animals such as the thylacine. Activity prior to the last ice age until

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David, Bruno; Barker, Bryce; Petchey, Fiona; Delannoy, Jean-Jacques; Geneste, Jean-Michel; Rowe, Cassandra; Eccleston, Mark; Lamb, Lara; Whear, Ray (May 2013).

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Mythology and culture, deeply influenced by the ocean and the natural life around the islands, have always informed traditional artforms. Featured strongly are

131:, rock engravings, bark painting, carvings, sculptures, weaving and string art. Australian Aboriginal art is the oldest unbroken tradition of art in the world. 1173:

There have been cases of some exploitative dealers (known as carpetbaggers) that have sought to profit from the success of the Aboriginal art movements. Since

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made by an unknown Wiradjuri artist in Baiame's cave, near Singleton, New South Wales. Notice the length of his arms which extend to the two trees either side.

749:. X-ray styles date back all the way to 2000–1000 BCE. It is an Indigenous technique where the artist creates conceptualised X-ray, transparent , images. The 5670: 5179: 1436: 871:

In the 1990s a group of younger artists, including the award-winning Dennis Nona (b. 1973), started translating these skills into the more portable forms of

288:. They are estimated to have been drawn between 6,000 and 9,400 years ago. The find is described as very rare, not only in style, but in their depiction of 887:. Other outstanding artists include Billy Missi (1970–2012), known for his decorated black and white linocuts of the local vegetation and eco-systems, and 2580: 417:

Within the island's rock shelters, Flinders discovered an array of painted and stenciled patterns. To record these images, he enlisted the ship's artist,

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Aboriginal art on display in tourist shops traces back to this style developed at Papunya. The most famous of the artists to come from this movement was

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gallery in London has been credited with "almost single-handedly" introducing Australian Indigenous art to Britain and Europe, working closely with the

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consists of about 100 stones arranged in an egg-shaped oval about 50 metres (160 ft) across. The appearance of the site is similar to that of the

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Story-telling and totem representation feature prominently in all forms of Aboriginal artwork. Additionally, the female form, particularly the female

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The dots were used to cover secret-sacred ceremonies. Originally, the Tula artists succeeded in forming their own company with an Aboriginal Name,

3587:, in Anheier, Helmut and Raj Isar, Yudhishthir, eds. Cultures and Globalization: The Cultural Economy, London: Sage Publications, pp. 284–291 2033: 1215:

sense. A dollar doesn't really have much of a meaning to them, and I think to treat anybody like that is just... it's just not on in this country.

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was a starting point for young Islanders to pursue studies in art. Many went on to further art studies, especially in printmaking, initially in

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One of the main reasons the Yuendumu movement was established, and later flourished, was due to the feeling of exploitation amongst artists:

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in battle. It is seen as a powerful symbol of the Torres Strait Islander people, today representing peace and harmony. World-renowned artist

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Taçon, Paul S. C.; May, Sally K.; et al. (30 September 2020). "Maliwawa figures—a previously undescribed Arnhem L and rock art style".

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There is some anecdotal evidence here in Darwin at least, they have been painted by backpackers working on industrial scale wood production.

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is a traditional art form made by carving emu eggs. It is not as old as some other techniques, having originated in the nineteenth century.

3949: 3916: 3638: 1370: 715: 285: 3375: 3752: 1604: 1269: 5811: 3814: 3421: 3135: 3718: 5080: 3986: 3664: 3444: 3295:"Musée du Quai Branly Australian Aboriginal Art Museum at the Aboriginal Art Directory. View information about Musée du Quai Branly" 3083: 2284: 2070: 1656: 1355: 1162: 1712:; Heaney, Pauline; Green, Helen; Myers, Cecilia; Verth, Peter; Harper, Sam; Ouzman, Sven; Levchenko, Vladimir (22 February 2021). 5174: 3901: 3799: 2518: 1289: 971: 585: 1549: 1233:

The inquiry's final report made recommendations for changed funding and governance of the sector, including a code of practice.

753:, spirits who taught the art of painting to the Aboriginal people, and ancestors are "released" through these types of artwork. 5699: 5090: 4128: 3942: 3886: 3210: 2631: 1015: 3181: 3025: 2194: 2006: 3896: 3745: 2941: 2907: 1628: 900: 555: 2060: 5312: 4842: 4102: 3768: 2262: 2093: 1045: 1003: 252: 242: 3697: 1902: 540: 5816: 5307: 4847: 4320: 3871: 2605: 1907: 1507: 1151: 1140: 1136: 433: 186:), can be found at sites throughout Australia. Examples of rock art have been found that are believed to depict extinct 59: 4273: 3881: 1036:

is another well known modern Australian Aboriginal artist. Born in Western Australia, he represented Australia in the

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Australian Indigenous art has been much studied in recent years and has gained much international recognition. The

1022: 5287: 5196: 3804: 3794: 3088: 2451: 1426: 1123:, north west of Alice Springs to put their Dreamings onto canvas. These stories had previously been drawn on the 379:

engravings, depicting carved animals and humans, have their own peculiar style not found elsewhere in Australia.

109: 76:, including collaborations with others. It includes works in a wide range of media including painting on leaves, 5570: 4662: 4207: 3688: 2774: 2554: 1026: 990: 943: 2536: 3298: 3272: 3007: 5687: 5597: 4769: 4536: 4355: 4288: 4020: 912: 775: 73: 2144:. Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2013 2122:. Australian Government, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2012 1189:

was one way of ensuring the artists had some control over the purchase and distribution of their paintings.

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Senate Standing Committee on the Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (2007),

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Senate Standing Committee on the Environment, Communications, Information Technology and the Arts (2007),

1573:"An ancient rock painting of a marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, from the Kimberley, Western Australia" 1374: 1224:, that backpackers were often the artists of Aboriginal art being sold in tourist shops around Australia: 356: 272: 218: 105: 69: 4717: 2119: 5514: 5450: 5324: 5017: 4943: 4712: 4650: 4526: 4474: 4467: 4013: 3911: 3824: 3345: 1877:"Introducing the Maliwawa Figures: a previously undescribed rock art style found in Western Arnhem Land" 1651:(Gwion Gwion: Secret and Sacred Pathways of the Ngarinyin Aboriginal People of Australia) Könemann 2000 1441: 1285: 1186: 711: 600: 499: 144: 3206: 724:, an Indigenous landscape artist, says it is hard to find any art that is devoid of spiritual meaning: 623: 2813:

Conference paper, Australian Print Symposium. Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 1987 - ongoing

5731: 5726: 5709: 5704: 5682: 5472: 5186: 5039: 4931: 4835: 4628: 4313: 4283: 4112: 4055: 3906: 3841: 2167: 1682: 1293: 815:, are created for the purposes of ceremonial dances. The dari was historically worn by Torres Strait 640: 329: 248: 89: 36: 3386: 1508:"It survived ice-ages and the rise and fall of oceans — how has Indigenous rock art lasted so long?" 1307:

Leading international authority on Indigenous cultural and intellectual property, Australian lawyer

5770: 5381: 5240: 5073: 4606: 4479: 4360: 4335: 3831: 2825: 2714:, along with one of his daughters, the pioneers in the modern study of Torres Strait string figures 1981:"Arnhem Land's Maliwawa rock art a remarkable glimpse into Indigenous life almost 10,000 years ago" 1577: 1360: 1073: 998: 979: 789: 438: 422: 97: 3582: 2987: 2141: 5721: 5624: 5526: 5339: 4734: 4521: 4251: 4217: 3856: 3819: 2766: 2711: 2302: 1854: 1781: 1741: 1408: 1090: 975: 896: 628: 234: 2479:; Rosenfeld, A.; Sutton, P.; Keen, I.; Berndt, C. H.; Berndt, R. M.; ... Cavazzini, F. (2003). 2240: 127:

There are several types of and methods used in making Aboriginal art, including rock painting,

5763: 5753: 5743: 5692: 5349: 4561: 4546: 4531: 4511: 4402: 4381: 4192: 4035: 3538: 3496: 3440: 3417: 2937: 2887: 2855: 2692: 2686: 2425: 2290: 2280: 2221: 2066: 1954:"'Bilbies', thylacines and dugongs among stunning Maliwawa rock art documented in Arnhem Land" 1846: 1768: 1733: 1652: 1461: 1348: 1078: 1018:

and communities nearby. The path running through the middle of it represents the Glyde River.

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Papunya, A Place Made After the Story: The Beginnings of the Western Desert Painting Movement

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Paris, has an "Oceania" collection, which includes works by Australian Aboriginal artists

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region, radiometrically dated in a February 2021 study at approximately 17,300 years old.

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Indigenous Art: Securing the Future – Australia's Indigenous visual arts and craft sector

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Indigenous Art: Securing the Future - Australia's Indigenous visual arts and craft sector

1347:, Paddy Nyunkuny Bedford, Judy Watson, Gulumbu Yunupingu, John Mawurndjul, Tommy Watson, 970:

western style watercolour landscape painting, along with other Aboriginal artists at the

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The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is

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Burrup Rock Art: Ancient Aboriginal Rock Art of Burrup Peninsula and Dampier Archipelago

2398: 1686: 32: 5748: 5675: 5497: 5462: 5393: 5282: 5154: 4862: 4447: 4437: 4239: 1923: 1416: 1324: 1265: 1260: 596: 301: 251:(the "Bradshaw rock paintings", also referred to as Giro Giro"), initially named after 3683: 1671:"A 28,000 year old excavated painted rock from Nawarla Gabarnmang, northern Australia" 1154:

contains over 200 artifacts and paintings, including examples of 1970s dot paintings.

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trees. While stories differed among the clans, language groups, and wider groups, the

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era as well as more recent historical events such as the arrival of European ships.

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Papunya Painting: Out of the Desert, National Museum of Australia online exhibition

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Contemporary and prehistoric rock paintings in Central and Northern North Kimberley

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grave posts, and since the 1960s have been carving and painting iron wood figures.

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Myths and Legends of the Torres Strait/collected and translated by Margaret Lawrie

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and essential information about their country and customs. They were also used in

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of 1990. He knew and encouraged other now well-known artists to paint, including

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has created elaborate dharis using modern materials in his contemporary artwork.

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would sometimes be hung around a man's neck or waist for use during ceremonies.

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Culture Victoria – images and videos related to traditional art and artefacts

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Indigenous Knowledge: Issues for Protection and Management: Discussion paper

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Gwion Gwion: Chemins Secrets Et Sacrés Des Ngarinyin, Aborigènes D'Australie

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in September 2020. The art includes 572 images across 87 sites in northwest

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Nazvanov, DR Greg. The Australian Aboriginal Art Investment Handbook, 2010.

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Morieson, J., 2003, "Solar-based Lithic Design in Victoria, Australia", in

1764:"Mysterious Australian rock art may depict the chaos following rising seas" 1737: 934: 292:(not known historically in Arnhem Land) and the first known depiction of a 3678: 5418: 5354: 5159: 4899: 4894: 4802: 4677: 4499: 4462: 4442: 3934: 3528:

Contemporary Aboriginal Art: A guide to the rebirth of an ancient culture

1007: 495: 469: 461: 383: 348: 210: 148: 51: 3737: 3320: 2811:– via Centre for Australian Art: Australian Prints + Printmaking. 1924:"Maliwawa Figures: Ancient Aboriginal art 'unlike anything seen before'" 1402: 826:

Torres Strait Islander people are the only culture in the world to make

5480: 5386: 5272: 5230: 5206: 4986: 4792: 4702: 4556: 4457: 4415: 4278: 4197: 4150: 4138: 3030: 2034:"Unique 'missing link' 9000-year-old rock art uncovered in Arnhem land" 1366: 1147:

twice sold at a record price, the second time being $ 486,500 in 2000.

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sketches are the earliest known documentation of Australian rock art.

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Art made by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia

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Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits

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National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award: History

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external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

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Two museums that solely exhibit Australian Aboriginal art are the

1259: 1161: 949: 933: 742: 684: 622: 613: 392: 333: 325: 289: 169: 152: 138: 45: 31: 3601:(3 vols), Woden: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 2966: 2723: 5560: 5521: 5201: 5001: 4857: 4787: 4707: 4579: 4092: 3712:, National Museum of Australia, audio on demand, 8 December 2010 738: 465: 5128: 4767: 4033: 3938: 3741: 5164: 4872: 4638: 4596: 3609: 3163:

Terri Janke and Company; Janke, Terri; Sentina, Maiko (2018).

3136:"Winner of the West Australian Indigenous Art prize announced" 2189:

Department of Environment and Conservation (6 February 2013).

2096:. Quinkan & Regional Cultural Centre. 2009. Archived from 1296:, according to the definitions and terminology used in the UN 524: 156: 3353: 2062:

The Archaeology of Rock Art in Western Arnhem Land, Australia

437:

support them. Particularly fine examples are in the state of

1432:

List of Indigenous Australian art movements and cooperatives

1243:

List of Australian Indigenous art movements and cooperatives

2519:"Rebecca Hossack: The wonders of Aboriginal Australian art" 2399:"History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander textiles" 1365:(Museum of Contemporary Aboriginal Art, closed in 2017) in 3297:. Aboriginalartdirectory.com. 15 July 2010. Archived from 2426:"Weaving magical baskets and sharing Aboriginal knowledge" 1452:

National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award

1025:

in Canberra opened with a forecourt featuring a design by

3597:

Wright, F. (with Morphy, F. and Desart Inc.) (1999–2000)

3537:. Roy McIvor. Magabala Books. Broome, Western Australia. 490:

Wood carvings such as those by Central Australian artist

1482:"Aboriginal Art of Australia: Understanding its History" 259:. A 2020 study puts this art at about 12,000 years old. 3698:"Country, memory and art: Understanding Indigenous art" 3634: 3629:

may not follow Knowledge (XXG)'s policies or guidelines

3433:

Exploring the Legacy of the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition

2997:, National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 19 June 2011. 2241:"Arcadian quest [The works of William Westall]" 656:

ceremonies, rock art, body art and ceremonies (such as

554:

by an editor as a result. Please see discussion on the

182:

Rock art, including painting and engraving or carving (

3566:

Painting Culture: The making of an Aboriginal High Art

2218:

The cave paintings of Groote, Eylandt and Chasm Island

599:

has been traditionally practised by the women of many

3507:

Rock Art of the Dreamtime:Images of Ancient Australia

3251:"Damien Coulthard Songlines XXX, Adnyamathanha Yarta" 2882:(2nd ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p. 2537:"Recording the Dreamtime: Lecture by Rebecca Hossack" 3581:

Ryan, M. D. and Keane, M. and Cunningham, S. (2008)

3053:

Call for ACCC to investigate Aboriginal Art industry

2852:

Alick Tipoti : Zugubal : ancestral spirits

2007:"Arnhem Land Maliwawa rock art opens window to past" 1979:

Taçon, Paul S.C.; May, Sally K. . (1 October 2020).

1875:

S.C.Taçon, Paul; May, Sally K. (30 September 2020).

745:

style, features prominently in some famous sites in

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Indigenous Art: Local Dreamings, Global Consumption

1601:"Aboriginal rock art may depict first sea arrivals" 1550:"Megafauna cave painting could be 40,000 years old" 1169:

refuelling for a trip to Alice Springs, around 1948

627:Ochre pits in central Australia where a variety of 3521:The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture 2875: 2347: 2216:McCarthy, Frederick D.; Australian Museum (1960). 1960:. ABC Science. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 115:Australian Aboriginal Art is the oldest, unbroken 3486:Spirit Conception: Dreams in Aboriginal Australia 3416:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2193:. Government of Western Australia. Archived from 660:) that was the norm for many thousands of years. 3120:Wright, Felicity and Morphy, Frances 1999-2000. 1127:sand, and were now given a more permanent form. 668:Religious and cultural aspects of Aboriginal art 3535:Cockatoo: My Life in Cape York. Stories and Art 2755:. St Lucia Qld: University of Queensland Press. 1870: 1868: 1298:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1182: 558:considering whether its inclusion is warranted. 3178:Department of Industry, Innovation and Science 3158: 3156: 3084:"Backpackers fake Aboriginal art, Senate told" 1635:, Aboriginal Art Online, retrieved April 2008. 1059:In the late 1980s and early 1990s the work of 112:by thousands of years, up to the present day. 3950: 3753: 1824: 1822: 1356:AAMU Museum voor hedendaagse Aboriginal kunst 907:An exhibition of Alick Tipoti's work, titled 8: 3321:"AAMU Museum of contemporary Aboriginal art" 2661:"Art Sets. Art of the Torres Strait Islands" 1801:"Australian rock art dated using wasp nests" 1714:"Ages for Australia's oldest rock paintings" 1437:List of Indigenous Australian visual artists 603:peoples across the continent for centuries. 3519:Kleinert, S. & Neale, M. (eds.) (2000) 3431:Thomas, Martin; Neale, Margo, eds. (2011). 3180:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from 2850:Tipoti, Alick (2015), Butler, Sally (ed.), 2740:. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. 2691:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 456. 2359: 241:from a rock shelter in Western Australia's 5142: 5125: 4777: 4764: 4222: 4043: 4030: 3957: 3943: 3935: 3760: 3746: 3738: 3481:, University of Melbourne: Miegunyah Press 3376:"The Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection" 3104:"Senate Committees (Page No Longer Valid)" 3066:"Senate Committees (Page No Longer Valid)" 2307:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2166:. Australian Nature Guides. Archived from 978:. It became a popular style, known as the 946:, Alice Springs Cultural Precinct, in 2007 3665:Learn how and when to remove this message 3530:, St Leonards (Sydney): Allen & Unwin 2655: 2653: 2610:Awakening: Stories from the Torres Strait 1571:Akerman, Kim; Willing, Tim (March 2009). 1268:examines a Yirrkala Bark Painting at the 1237:Aboriginal art movements and cooperatives 834:(turtleshell) in the Western Islands and 757:Graffiti and other destructive influences 399:Chasm Island, native cave painting, 1803, 3516:, Canberra: National Museum of Australia 3474:, Ringwood VIC: McPhee Gribble (Penguin) 2685:Brij V. Lal; Kate Fortune, eds. (2000). 1903:"A missing part of the rock art gallery" 1861:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 1643: 1641: 1302:World Intellectual Property Organization 3472:Papunya Tula: Art of the Western Desert 1603:. Australian Geographic. Archived from 1530: 1528: 1473: 1315:Aboriginal art in international museums 3704:, John Carty and Dr Michael Pickering 3239:, Thames and Hudson, London, iiii p. 7 2726:including examples from Torres Strait. 2300: 1457:National Indigenous Heritage Art Award 925:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art 862:Myths and Legends of the Torres Strait 464:, which depict accurate images of the 284:(Mount Borradaile) area across to the 3554:, London: University of Chicago Press 3134:Craig Quartermaine (23 August 2013). 3026:"Aboriginal works and artful dodgers" 2432:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2220:. Sydney, N.S.W.: Australian Museum. 1807:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1599:Middleton, Amy; AAP (2 August 2013). 1552:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1422:Australian Aboriginal fibre sculpture 1193:Other cases of exploitation include: 856:The Islands have a long tradition of 838:(human face) in the Eastern Islands. 320:Other painted rock art sites include 257:Kimberley region of Western Australia 41:Kimberley region of Western Australia 7: 3733:Aboriginal Art Symbols and Symbolism 3523:, Melbourne: Oxford University Press 3488:. American Psychological Association 3465:Aboriginal Art of the Western Desert 2802:"Torres Strait Islander printmaking" 2688:The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia 2005:Marshall, Deborah (1 October 2020). 1922:Taçon, Paul S. C. (2 October 2020). 1371:Kluge-Ruhe Aboriginal Art Collection 3514:Papunya painting: out of the desert 3249:McKenzie, Janet (24 October 2018). 2751:Lawrie, Margaret Elizabeth (1972). 2736:Lawrie, Margaret Elizabeth (1970). 2277:Timothy Cook, Dancing with the Moon 1270:Australian National Maritime Museum 296:. The art, all paintings in red to 2606:"Dance machines & headdresses" 2579:Whitford, Maddie (13 April 2020). 2555:"Art in the Torres Strait Islands" 2245:National Library of Australia News 1901:Nichele, Amelia (1 October 2020). 1837:(3). Informa UK Limited: 208–225. 1799:Weule, Genelle (6 February 2020). 776:Torres Strait Islanders § Art 266:were documented in a study led by 25: 5081:Megalithic architectural elements 1952:Weule, Genelle (1 October 2020). 1675:Journal of Archaeological Science 1538:Anthropos Switzerland 1955 p. 555 300:apart from one drawing, and in a 3728:Aboriginal Art Museum of Utrecht 3614: 3412:Kampen-O'Riley, Michael (2006). 3122:The Art & Craft Centre Story 2164:"Pre-history of Carnarvon Gorge" 2032:Johnston, Rae (1 October 2020). 1708:Finch, Damien; Gleadow, Andrew; 1401: 1387: 1290:traditional cultural expressions 1281:Traditional cultural expressions 1119:encouraged Aboriginal people in 1115:In 1971–1972, art teacher 841:Prominent among the artforms is 691: 676: 586:Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft 529: 5700:Evolutionary origin of religion 3887:Phoenix Prize for Spiritual Art 3693:Guide to Indigenous Art Centres 3568:, Durham: Duke University Press 3509:, Sydney: Angus & Robertson 3271:. Quaibranly.fr. Archived from 3269:"musée du quai Branly: Oceania" 2494:"Kalti Paarti: Carved emu eggs" 2424:Mills, Vanessa (21 July 2011). 731:The Weekend Australian Magazine 227:Narwala Gabarnmang rock shelter 3599:The Art and Craft Centre Story 3495:, Fremantle Arts Press, 2010. 2781:. Cambridge University Press. 2279:. Crawley, Western Australia. 1933:. Videography by Isabelle Rodd 1150:The Papunya Collection at the 901:Australian National University 546:The information may have been 475:fishermen and spear throwers. 1: 5313:Art of the Middle Paleolithic 4843:British megalith architecture 3385:. August 2013. Archived from 3380:Campaign for the Arts at the 3352:. August 2013. Archived from 3255:Studio International New York 2452:"Ngarrindjeri basket weaving" 2263:World Archaeological Congress 1843:10.1080/03122417.2020.1818361 1548:Masters, Emma (31 May 2010). 1506:Collins, Ben (25 July 2019). 1139:. Also from this movement is 1105:Papunya Tula and dot painting 1004:National Gallery of Australia 434:Aboriginal stone arrangements 5308:Art of the Upper Paleolithic 4848:Nordic megalith architecture 3872:National New Media Art Award 2724:A string figure bibliography 2094:"Rock Art Sites & Tours" 1152:National Museum of Australia 1141:Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula 1137:Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri 866:Tales from the Torres Strait 143:Aboriginal rock painting at 119:of art making in the world. 60:Kimberley, Western Australia 3124:. Canberra: ATSIC (3 vols). 3010:. warlu.com. Archived from 2854:, Cairns Regional Gallery, 2665:New South Wales Art Gallery 1145:Water Dreaming at Kalipinya 1021:In that same year, the new 962:In 1934 Australian painter 919:Contemporary Indigenous art 813:Torres Strait Islander flag 509:Aboriginal people from the 5833: 5456:British Isles and Brittany 5377:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 2456:Sustainable Communities SA 1730:10.1038/s41562-020-01041-0 1333:Victoria and Albert Museum 1240: 1108: 922: 883:, as well as larger scale 773: 770:Torres Strait Islander art 583: 123:Traditional Indigenous art 5812:Australian Aboriginal art 5141: 5124: 4776: 4763: 4225: 4042: 4029: 3972: 3775: 3089:The Sydney Morning Herald 2777:; A. Wilkin (1901–1935). 2541:YouTube, The Arts Society 2327:Aboriginal Bark Paintings 1695:10.1016/j.jas.2012.08.015 1427:Dampier Rock Art Precinct 966:taught Aboriginal artist 930:Modern Aboriginal artists 213:, in Western Australia's 66:Indigenous Australian art 54:in the Wunnumurra Gorge, 3689:Australian Art Collector 3512:Johnson, V. (ed) (2007) 3140:SBS World News Australia 3055:, ABC PM, 15 March 2006. 2800:Robinson, Brian (2001). 2753:Tales from Torres Strait 1027:Michael Nelson Jagamarra 991:Australian copyright law 944:Albert Namatjira Gallery 39:found in the north-west 5688:Evolutionary musicology 5091:Oldest extant buildings 5018:Archaeological features 4537:Prepared-core technique 3877:National Works on Paper 3578:, Melbourne: Black Inc. 3561:, London: Phaidon Press 3008:"Warlukurlangu Artists" 2874:Caruana, Wally (2003). 2826:"Alick Tipoti: Zugubal" 2632:"Dr Ken Thaiday Senior" 2612:. Queensland Government 2559:Japingka Aboriginal Art 2360:Thomas & Neale 2011 2065:. Terra Australis, 47. 1778:10.1126/science.abb1842 1369:, Netherlands, and the 1339:in San Francisco, USA. 913:Cairns Regional Gallery 792:, which are considered 788:, sharks, seabirds and 698:Aboriginal art showing 397:William Westall (1803) 382:The rock engravings at 209:The oldest examples of 74:Torres Strait Islanders 5650:Unchambered long cairn 5498:Mound Builders culture 4831:Neolithic architecture 3966:Prehistoric technology 3594:, Canberra: The Senate 3382:University of Virginia 3209:; et al. (2015), 2993:7 October 2012 at the 2967:"Papunya Tula Artists" 2956:, Canberra: The Senate 2275:Frangos, Seva (2015). 1831:Australian Archaeology 1805:ABC News (ABC Science) 1718:Nature Human Behaviour 1375:University of Virginia 1273: 1231: 1217: 1191: 1170: 959: 947: 811:), as featured on the 735: 632: 402: 357:Sydney rock engravings 273:Australian Archaeology 179: 167: 106:Indigenous Australians 70:Aboriginal Australians 62: 43: 5325:List of Stone Age art 4527:Microblade technology 4475:Langdale axe industry 4073:Ard / plough 3892:Photographic portrait 3825:Fremantle Print Award 3769:Australian art awards 3552:Ancestral Connections 3526:McCulloch, S. (1999) 3484:Den Boer, E. (2012). 2498:The Australian Museum 2265:, Washington DC, 2003 2013:. Griffith University 1631:1 August 2018 at the 1442:List of Stone Age art 1286:Traditional knowledge 1263: 1226: 1212: 1205:can be 100% sure of." 1165: 953: 937: 911:, was mounted at the 774:Further information: 726: 712:Eucalyptus tetrodonta 626: 601:Aboriginal Australian 584:Further information: 513:traditionally carved 396: 173: 145:Namadgi National Park 142: 110:European colonisation 68:includes art made by 50:Pictographs known as 49: 35: 5732:Prehistoric medicine 5727:Prehistoric counting 5710:Prehistoric religion 5705:Paleolithic religion 5683:Behavioral modernity 5040:Causewayed enclosure 4932:Abri de la Madeleine 4056:Neolithic Revolution 3907:Sculpture by the Sea 3842:Gold Coast Art Prize 3708:6 March 2014 at the 3635:improve this article 3564:Myers, F. R. (2002) 3533:McIvor, Roy (2010). 2969:. Papunyatula.com.au 2908:"Warlayirti Artists" 2523:Ted Talks TedxOxford 2481:Aboriginal Australia 2239:Findlay, E. (1998). 1607:on 18 September 2013 1294:indigenous knowledge 1029:, laid as a mosaic. 1002:was unveiled at the 790:saltwater crocodiles 641:Kalti paarti carving 330:Kakadu National Park 249:Gwion Gwion rock art 90:watercolour painting 37:Gwion Gwion rock art 5817:Australian folk art 5771:Prehistoric warfare 4517:Magdalenian culture 4480:Levallois technique 4411:Earliest toolmaking 3832:Gallipoli Art Prize 3721:25 May 2012 at the 3647:footnote references 3414:Art Beyond the West 3356:on 9 September 2013 3207:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 3092:. 21 February 2007. 3034:. 20 September 2003 2403:archive.maas.museum 2348:Kampen-O'Riley 2006 1687:2013JArSc..40.2493D 1351:and Michael Riley. 999:Aboriginal Memorial 980:Hermannsburg School 954:Rainbow serpent by 629:clay earth pigments 580:Baskets and weaving 343:Rock engraving, or 18:Aboriginal rock art 5722:Origin of language 5715:Spiritual drug use 5625:Rectangular dolmen 5527:Dartmoor kistvaens 5340:Carved stone balls 5052:Circular enclosure 5011:Other architecture 4954:Alp pile dwellings 4542:Solutrean industry 4453:Gravettian culture 4103:Secondary products 3557:Morphy, H. (1998) 3477:Bardon, G. (2005) 3470:Bardon, G. (1991) 3235:Caruna, W. (2003) 3187:on 1 November 2022 3172:. Commissioned by 2988:Papunya Collection 2830:Cairns Art Gallery 2767:Alfred Cort Haddon 2712:Alfred Cort Haddon 2329:. 11 December 2017 2170:on 14 October 2013 1409:Visual Arts portal 1292:are both types of 1274: 1171: 1091:Dorothy Napangardi 1012:hollow log coffins 976:Northern Territory 960: 948: 897:Cairns, Queensland 849:), many different 683:Aboriginal art at 633: 429:Stone arrangements 403: 302:naturalistic style 235:Northern Territory 180: 168: 63: 44: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5744:Prehistoric music 5693:music archaeology 5350:Cup and ring mark 5175:Clothing/textiles 5120: 5119: 5116: 5115: 4759: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4562:Yubetsu technique 4547:Striking platform 4512:Lithic technology 4397: 4396: 4382:Game drive system 4301:Projectile points 4193:Mortar and pestle 3932: 3931: 3902:Salon des Refusés 3675: 3674: 3667: 3543:978-1-921248-22-1 3505:Flood, J. (1997) 3501:978-0-9805890-1-6 3491:Donaldson, Mike, 3467:, Adelaide: Rigby 3389:on 28 August 2013 2893:978-0-500-20366-8 2861:978-0-9757635-6-8 2698:978-0-8248-2265-1 2636:Australia Council 2100:on 15 August 2013 1762:(February 2020). 1760:Finkel, Elizabeth 1462:Panaramitee Style 1349:Ningura Napurrula 1079:Kathleen Petyarre 899:and later at the 885:bronze sculptures 573: 572: 452:found throughout 410:made landfall on 373:Central Australia 353:Western Australia 322:Laura, Queensland 311:traditional owner 270:and published in 229:in south-western 16:(Redirected from 5824: 5759:Divje Babe flute 5666:Archaeoastronomy 5409:Petrosomatoglyph 5143: 5126: 4975:Water management 4778: 4765: 4668:Denticulate tool 4490:Lithic reduction 4223: 4044: 4031: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3936: 3917:Waterhouse Prize 3897:Ramsay Art Prize 3762: 3755: 3748: 3739: 3670: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3618: 3617: 3610: 3450: 3427: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3246: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3225:on 30 March 2016 3224: 3217: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3186: 3171: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3131: 3125: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3014:on 23 June 2005. 3004: 2998: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2944: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2914:. 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Westall's two 408:Matthew Flinders 315:George Chaloupka 286:Wellington Range 264:Maliwawa Figures 159:, humans and an 21: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5787: 5654: 5640:Stone box grave 5610:Megalithic tomb 5515:Cotswold-Severn 5467: 5372:Guardian stones 5300:Prehistoric art 5294: 5137: 5112: 5101:Timber trackway 5006: 4970: 4966:Wattle and daub 4819: 4798:Standing stones 4772: 4751: 4566: 4393: 4370: 4295: 4212: 4122:Food processing 4117: 4066:New World crops 4038: 4025: 3968: 3963: 3933: 3928: 3847:Helen Lempriere 3805:Conrad Jupiters 3771: 3766: 3723:Wayback Machine 3710:Wayback Machine 3671: 3660: 3654: 3651: 3632: 3623:This article's 3619: 3615: 3608: 3576:Another Country 3457: 3455:Further reading 3447: 3430: 3424: 3411: 3403: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3275:on 6 March 2014 3267: 3266: 3262: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3234: 3230: 3222: 3215: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3169: 3162: 3161: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3119: 3115: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2995:Wayback Machine 2986: 2982: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2918:on 15 June 2005 2912:balgoart.org.au 2906: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2806: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2771:W. H. R. Rivers 2765: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2722: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2543:. 17 June 2020. 2535: 2534: 2530: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2475: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2380: 2373:"About weaving" 2371: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2299: 2287: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2260: 2256: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2145: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2101: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2057: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2040: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1989: 1987: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1963: 1961: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1936: 1934: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1885: 1883: 1874: 1873: 1866: 1828: 1827: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1798: 1797: 1793: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1646: 1639: 1633:Wayback Machine 1624: 1620: 1610: 1608: 1598: 1597: 1593: 1583: 1581: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1555: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1533: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1358: 1337:De Young Museum 1329:Horniman Museum 1321:Rebecca Hossack 1317: 1283: 1258: 1245: 1239: 1175:Geoffrey Bardon 1160: 1117:Geoffrey Bardon 1113: 1107: 1083:Angelina Pwerle 1038:Venice Biennale 974:mission in the 956:John Mawurndjul 932: 927: 921: 893:Thursday Island 821:Ken Thaiday Snr 778: 772: 759: 722:Wenten Rubuntja 707: 706: 705: 704: 703: 696: 692: 688: 687: 681: 677: 670: 649: 638: 609: 588: 582: 569: 563: 560: 545: 534: 530: 523: 481: 431: 419:William Westall 365:New South Wales 338:Carnarvon Gorge 298:mulberry colour 253:Joseph Bradshaw 223:South Australia 217:region and the 137: 125: 108:that pre-dates 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5830: 5828: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5804: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5749:Alligator drum 5741: 5740: 5739: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5676:lunar calendar 5673: 5662: 5660: 5659:Other cultural 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5477: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5463:Venus figurine 5460: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5394:Megalithic art 5391: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5352: 5347: 5345:Cave paintings 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5310: 5304: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5285: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5147:Material goods 5139: 5138: 5129: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5066: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4946: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4870: 4865: 4863:Cliff dwelling 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4827: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4582: 4576: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4448:Fire hardening 4445: 4440: 4438:Clovis culture 4435: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4407: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4361:Manis Mastodon 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4305: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4261: 4256: 4255: 4254: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4240:throwing stick 4232: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4052: 4050: 4040: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4006: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3962: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3939: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3713: 3695: 3686: 3681: 3673: 3672: 3627:external links 3622: 3620: 3613: 3607: 3606:External links 3604: 3603: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3579: 3569: 3562: 3559:Aboriginal Art 3555: 3545: 3531: 3524: 3517: 3510: 3503: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3445: 3428: 3423:978-0131751521 3422: 3401: 3400: 3367: 3337: 3312: 3301:on 4 June 2010 3286: 3260: 3241: 3237:Aboriginal Art 3228: 3198: 3152: 3126: 3113: 3108:www.aph.gov.au 3095: 3075: 3070:www.aph.gov.au 3057: 3045: 3017: 2999: 2980: 2958: 2945: 2929: 2899: 2892: 2878:Aboriginal Art 2866: 2860: 2842: 2817: 2792: 2775:C. G. Seligman 2758: 2743: 2728: 2716: 2704: 2697: 2677: 2649: 2623: 2597: 2571: 2546: 2528: 2510: 2485: 2469: 2443: 2416: 2405:. 9 April 2017 2390: 2379:. 1 March 2017 2364: 2352: 2340: 2314: 2285: 2267: 2254: 2231: 2208: 2181: 2155: 2133: 2111: 2085: 2071: 2050: 2024: 1997: 1971: 1944: 1914: 1893: 1864: 1818: 1791: 1751: 1724:(3): 310–318. 1700: 1661: 1637: 1618: 1591: 1563: 1540: 1534:Worms, Ernest 1524: 1498: 1472: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1417:Australian art 1413: 1412: 1398: 1382: 1379: 1325:British Museum 1316: 1313: 1282: 1279: 1266:George W. Bush 1257: 1254: 1241:Main article: 1238: 1235: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1159: 1156: 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1067:north east of 1044:from the East 1010:made from 200 931: 928: 923:Main article: 920: 917: 915:in July 2015. 851:string figures 771: 768: 758: 755: 697: 690: 689: 682: 675: 674: 673: 672: 671: 669: 666: 648: 645: 637: 634: 608: 605: 597:Basket weaving 581: 578: 571: 570: 564:September 2024 537: 535: 528: 522: 519: 502:, such as the 480: 477: 430: 427: 136: 133: 124: 121: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5829: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5782: 5779: 5778: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5635:Simple dolmen 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5620:Passage grave 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5566:Gallery grave 5564: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5481:Burial mounds 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5441:Statue menhir 5439: 5437: 5434: 5430: 5429:Stone carving 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5268:Sewing needle 5266: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5215: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5107: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5096:Timber circle 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5045:Tor enclosure 5043: 5042: 5041: 5038: 5034: 5033:fulacht fiadh 5031: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4269:spear-thrower 4267: 4266: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4247:Bow and arrow 4245: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4156:Grinding slab 4154: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4088:Domestication 4086: 4084: 4083:Digging stick 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4061:Founder crops 4059: 4058: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4010: 4007: 4003: 4002:New Stone Age 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3758: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702:Howard Morphy 3699: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3669: 3666: 3658: 3648: 3644: 3643:inappropriate 3640: 3636: 3630: 3628: 3621: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3446:9781921666452 3442: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3338: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3221: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3046: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2981: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2895: 2889: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2843: 2831: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2803: 2796: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2739: 2732: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2678: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2638:. 15 May 2019 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2586: 2582: 2575: 2572: 2560: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2457: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2431: 2430:ABC Kimberley 2427: 2420: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2328: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2286:9781742584980 2282: 2278: 2271: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2209: 2196: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2169: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2121: 2115: 2112: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2074: 2072:9781760461621 2068: 2064: 2063: 2054: 2051: 2039: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2012: 2011:Griffith News 2008: 2001: 1998: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1972: 1959: 1955: 1948: 1945: 1932: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1897: 1894: 1882: 1878: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 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