256:
484:, took advantage of the situation and usurped control. Ali Burghul imposed heavy taxes and engaged in many acts of robbery and blackmail against the population, and gave his soldiers free rein to terrorize the residents, particularly Jews. Khalfon's son David, who had joined a plot to overthrow Ali Burghul, was
247:
Khalfon became active in communal affairs at the age of 25. He served two three-year terms as Jewish community leader, from 1778 to 1781 and from 1792 to 1795. As part of his duties, he represented the community before the
Ottoman Sultan, who wielded overall control of Tripoli. Khalfon also served as
607:
393:(customs) in the mid-nineteenth century. Tripoli historian Mordechai Ha-Cohen (1856–1929) liberally quotes from Khalfon's work in his chronicle of Jewish and Muslim life in nineteenth-century Tripoli.
409:, Phanagorus, King of the Arabs, led a number of captive Jews into the mountains, two days distant from Tripoli, and there handed them over to the Arabs. From these mountains they came to Tripoli".
961:
340:, and commentaries on the Zohar. While he wrote this work in 1780, it was printed posthumously in 1826 by his son Rahamim. It was reprinted in 1844, 1857, and 1861.
414:
655:
527:
Two of
Khalfon's sons died in his lifetime – David, who was executed by Ali Burghul, and Nehorai, who died in a plague that ravaged Tripoli in 1785.
367:
Khalfon produced a history of the Jews of
Tripoli from ancient times until his own day, culling government archives, rabbinical court documents, and
397:
also quotes
Khalfon in his 1927 history of the Jews of North Africa, such as Khalfon's description of the origins of the Tripoli Jewish community:
472:
against the Jews of
Tripoli from July 30, 1793, to January 20, 1795. Before that time, Tripoli's Jews had been benignly ruled by Ali Pasha of the
1115:
1052:
1031:
971:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1136:
1094:
929:
274:, who lived in Livorno. Khalfon helped disseminate the Chida's works in Libya and also traveled to Livorno to study in the Chida's
1210:
950:
413:
Although a copy of
Khalfon's manuscript was kept in the rabbinical court of Tripoli, it was not brought to Israel with the
476:
for some three decades. However, a fratricidal war between two sons of Ali Pasha and an attempt by the victorious son,
1195:
1072:
402:
198:. He researched an extensive history of the Jews of Tripoli that served as a resource for later historians such as
271:
260:
230:, Italy, to Raphael Khalfon, a wealthy Jewish philanthropist whose family were community leaders in Tripoli. His
469:
266:
In his later years, Khalfon became less involved in his communal and business interests and devoted his time to
1152:
401:"Among the older people I found a tradition, handed down to them by their ancestors, that at the time of the
1190:
500:
807:
1170:
808:"Purim and its Relatives in Tripoli: A Comparative Perspective on the Social Uses of Biblical Stories"
452:(elegies), most of which are still in manuscript form. His elegy for his murdered son, David, and his
1205:
1200:
919:
384:
199:
1003:
1084:
1132:
1126:
1111:
1090:
1048:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1017:
967:
946:
940:
925:
819:
473:
249:
1105:
485:
515:
describing Ali
Burghul's rise and fall became part of the annual liturgy in Tripoli on the
287:, Palestine, where he engaged in Torah study for the rest of his life. He died in Safed on
548:
481:
477:
461:
376:
352:
313:
255:
237:
170:
982:
1062:
995:
394:
328:
288:
203:
195:
114:
1066:
244:, who was visiting Livorno that year with 100 other rabbis. He was raised in Tripoli.
1164:
942:
A History of the Jews in North Africa: From the
Ottoman conquests to the present time
182:
420:
Other works by
Khalfon include a summary of ancient regulations and a collection of
1013:
504:
491:
On
January 20, 1795, Ali Burghul was ousted by Yusuf Karamanli with the aid of the
276:
999:
267:
359:, "Gathering the Harvest"), was printed for the first time in Israel in 1992.
232:
823:
480:, to seize the throne plunged the city into chaos. Ali Burghul, an Algerian
252:, which directly ruled Tripoli, regarding taxation of the Jewish community.
138:
468:, "Who is like You"), both stemmed from the reign of terror perpetrated by
984:
The Jews of Africa: Especially in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
963:
A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the origins to the present day
436:
of that country, including Rabbi Faraji Shawat and Rabbi Eliyahu Sedbon.
344:
516:
368:
322:
292:
227:
145:
71:
44:
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675:
673:
544:
508:
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337:
284:
254:
59:
185:
1128:
Hebrewisms of West Africa: From the Nile to Niger with the Jews
850:
848:
492:
835:
833:
702:
700:
633:
631:
629:
383:, "Book of Generations"), was an important source for
1104:
Stillman, Yedida K.; Zucker, George K., eds. (2012).
371:
records. His Hebrew-language work, called by others
1008:. Vol. 12 (reprint ed.). Ktav Pub. House.
987:. K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Limited.
921:
The Book of Mordechai: A Study of the Jews of Libya
152:
136:
128:
120:
109:
101:
89:
77:
67:
52:
33:
28:
21:
960:Meddeb, Abdelwahab; Stora, Benjamin, eds. (2013).
1041:Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael, eds. (2007b).
718:
679:
854:
499:. To celebrate their rescue from a modern-day
503:, the Tripoli Jewish community established a
8:
878:
866:
801:
799:
637:
902:
890:
839:
790:
766:
706:
332:(Orach Chaim and Yoreh Deah) based on the
320:, "Life of Abraham"), a commentary on the
280:for a year and a half, from 1804 to 1805.
188:community leader, historian, scholar, and
56:September 25, 1819 (aged 77–78)
18:
1089:(3rd ed.). McFarland & Company.
1047:. Vol. 9. Granite Hill Publishers.
1026:. Vol. 1. Granite Hill Publishers.
754:
742:
730:
691:
778:
650:
648:
646:
563:
536:
270:. He had a close relationship with the
606:Pedatzor, Benetiya (26 January 2004).
488:along with other Jewish conspirators.
1073:Jewish Publication Society of America
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
543:January 20, 1795, corresponded to 29
387:'s historical writings about Tripoli
7:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
465:
415:Libyan Jewish emigration after 1948
380:
356:
317:
174:
14:
1107:New Horizons in Sephardic Studies
918:Goldberg, Harvey E., ed. (1993).
806:Goldberg, Harvey E. (Fall 2010).
610:[Rabbi Abraham Khalfon].
16:Sephardi Jewish community leader
248:an advisor to Ali Pasha of the
127:
119:
966:. Princeton University Press.
424:. In 1800 Khalfon traveled to
283:In 1806, Khalfon emigrated to
1:
719:Skolnik & Berenbaum 2007a
680:Skolnik & Berenbaum 2007b
1125:Williams, Joseph J. (1999).
981:Mendelssohn, Sidney (1920).
226:Abraham Khalfon was born in
507:called Purim Burghul on 29
1227:
1186:People from Tripoli, Libya
1181:19th-century Sephardi Jews
1176:18th-century Sephardi Jews
939:Hirschberg, H. Z. (1981).
855:Stillman & Zucker 2012
202:, Mordechai Ha-Cohen, and
1086:African States and Rulers
405:, one of the generals of
160:
97:
403:destruction of Jerusalem
1211:Jewish liturgical poets
1131:. Black Classic Press.
1068:Travels in North Africa
1005:The Jewish Encyclopedia
945:. Vol. II. Brill.
867:Singer & Adler 1964
638:Meddeb & Stora 2013
448:(liturgical poems) and
236:was performed by Rabbi
212:(liturgical poems) and
1083:Stewart, John (2006).
444:Khalfon composed both
411:
263:
1044:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1023:Encyclopaedia Judaica
399:
258:
658:. Brill Online. 2015
385:Abraham Hayyim Adadi
206:, and also composed
200:Abraham Hayyim Adadi
113:Jewish community of
924:. Darf Publishers.
905:, pp. 153–156.
793:, pp. 153–154.
486:burned at the stake
181:, 1741–1819) was a
1157:at HebrewBooks.org
1018:Berenbaum, Michael
812:Sephardic Horizons
656:"Khalfon, Abraham"
264:
1196:People from Safed
1117:978-1-4384-2131-5
1054:978-0-02-865936-7
1033:978-0-02-865929-9
973:978-0-691-15127-4
519:before 29 Tevet.
474:Karamanli dynasty
428:and recorded the
308:Khalfon authored
250:Karamanli dynasty
164:
163:
1218:
1142:
1121:
1100:
1079:
1058:
1037:
1020:, eds. (2007a).
1009:
991:
977:
956:
935:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
879:Mendelssohn 1920
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
843:
837:
828:
827:
803:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
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728:
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695:
689:
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668:
667:
665:
663:
652:
641:
635:
624:
623:
621:
619:
608:"ר' אברהם כלפון"
603:
552:
541:
467:
382:
358:
319:
176:
105:Community leader
19:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1139:
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1118:
1103:
1097:
1082:
1063:Slouschz, Nahum
1061:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1012:
1002:, eds. (1964).
996:Singer, Isidore
994:
980:
974:
959:
953:
938:
932:
917:
914:
909:
903:Hirschberg 1981
901:
897:
891:Hirschberg 1981
889:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
846:
840:Hirschberg 1981
838:
831:
805:
804:
797:
791:Hirschberg 1981
789:
785:
777:
773:
767:Hirschberg 1981
765:
761:
753:
749:
741:
737:
729:
725:
717:
713:
709:, p. 150f.
707:Hirschberg 1981
705:
698:
690:
686:
678:
671:
661:
659:
654:
653:
644:
636:
627:
617:
615:
605:
604:
565:
561:
556:
555:
549:Hebrew calendar
542:
538:
533:
525:
478:Yusuf Karamanli
442:
365:
306:
301:
238:Chaim ibn Attar
224:
179:Avraham Khalfon
167:Abraham Khalfon
93:Raphael Khalfon
84:
82:
63:
57:
48:
42:
40:
39:
38:Abraham Khalfon
24:
23:Abraham Khalfon
17:
12:
11:
5:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1191:Livornese Jews
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:Hayyei Avraham
1148:
1147:External links
1145:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1110:. SUNY Press.
1101:
1095:
1080:
1059:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1010:
992:
978:
972:
957:
951:
936:
930:
913:
910:
908:
907:
895:
893:, p. 156.
883:
871:
869:, p. 262.
859:
844:
842:, p. 154.
829:
795:
783:
781:, p. 225.
771:
769:, p. 180.
759:
757:, p. 199.
747:
745:, p. 154.
735:
723:
721:, p. 370.
711:
696:
684:
682:, p. 273.
669:
642:
640:, p. 237.
625:
562:
560:
557:
554:
553:
535:
534:
532:
529:
524:
521:
441:
438:
417:and was lost.
395:Nahum Slouschz
364:
361:
349:Leket HaKatzir
329:Shulchan Aruch
310:Hayyei Avraham
305:
302:
300:
297:
289:Shabbat Shuvah
223:
220:
204:Nahum Slouschz
196:Tripoli, Libya
162:
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1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Libyan rabbis
1169:
1168:
1166:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1138:1-58073-003-5
1134:
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1096:0-7864-2562-8
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1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:Skolnik, Fred
1011:
1007:
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1001:
997:
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990:
986:
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979:
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969:
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964:
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954:
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937:
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931:9781850772309
927:
923:
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916:
915:
911:
904:
899:
896:
892:
887:
884:
881:, p. 62.
880:
875:
872:
868:
863:
860:
857:, p. 85.
856:
851:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
800:
796:
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787:
784:
780:
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
756:
755:Williams 1999
751:
748:
744:
743:Slouschz 1927
739:
736:
732:
731:Goldberg 1993
727:
724:
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715:
712:
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703:
701:
697:
693:
692:Goldberg 1993
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537:
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498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
439:
437:
435:
432:of the great
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
410:
408:
404:
398:
396:
392:
391:
386:
378:
374:
373:Seder HaDorot
370:
362:
360:
354:
350:
346:
341:
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335:
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36:
32:
27:
20:
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1127:
1106:
1085:
1076:
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1043:
1022:
1004:
1000:Adler, Cyrus
988:
983:
962:
941:
920:
898:
886:
874:
862:
815:
811:
786:
779:Stewart 2006
774:
762:
750:
738:
733:, p. 4.
726:
714:
694:, p. 3.
687:
660:. Retrieved
616:. Retrieved
611:
539:
526:
512:
511:. Khalfon's
505:Second Purim
490:
457:
453:
449:
445:
443:
433:
429:
421:
419:
412:
400:
388:
372:
366:
348:
342:
327:
321:
309:
307:
282:
277:beit medrash
275:
265:
246:
242:Ohr HaHayyim
241:
231:
225:
213:
207:
189:
178:
166:
165:
137:
110:Organisation
1206:1819 deaths
1201:1741 births
614:(in Hebrew)
470:Ali Burghul
268:Torah study
218:(elegies).
175:אברהם כלפון
62:, Palestine
1165:Categories
952:9004062955
662:5 February
618:8 February
559:References
458:Mi Kamokha
381:סדר הדורות
343:Khalfon's
233:brit milah
824:2158-1800
612:Or-Shalom
357:לקט הקציר
318:חיי אברהם
222:Biography
139:Yahrtzeit
1065:(1927).
523:Personal
446:piyyutim
434:paytanim
430:piyyutim
422:piyyutim
390:minhagim
345:responsa
291:1819 (6
209:piyyutim
183:Sephardi
102:Position
78:Children
68:Religion
29:Personal
1077:halfon.
989:halfon.
912:Sources
547:on the
517:Shabbat
482:corsair
466:מי כמוך
369:genizah
363:History
326:in the
323:mitzvot
304:Halakha
295:5580).
293:Tishrei
228:Livorno
146:Tishrei
115:Tripoli
85:Nehorai
81:Rahamim
72:Judaism
47:, Italy
45:Livorno
1135:
1114:
1093:
1051:
1030:
970:
949:
928:
822:
513:piyyut
462:Hebrew
454:piyyut
450:kinnot
440:Poetry
377:Hebrew
353:Hebrew
334:Talmud
314:Hebrew
240:, the
215:kinnot
191:paytan
186:Jewish
171:Hebrew
153:Buried
90:Parent
818:(1).
545:Tevet
531:Notes
509:Tevet
501:Haman
497:Tunis
426:Tunis
407:Titus
338:Zohar
299:Works
285:Safed
272:Chida
261:Chida
156:Safed
129:Ended
121:Began
83:David
60:Safed
1133:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1028:ISBN
968:ISBN
947:ISBN
926:ISBN
820:ISSN
664:2015
620:2015
259:The
148:5580
132:1795
124:1778
53:Died
41:1741
34:Born
495:of
493:bey
194:in
1167::
1075:.
1071:.
1016:;
998:;
847:^
832:^
814:.
810:.
798:^
699:^
672:^
645:^
628:^
566:^
464::
456:,
379::
355::
347:,
336:,
316::
177:,
173::
144:6
1141:.
1120:.
1099:.
1057:.
1036:.
976:.
955:.
934:.
826:.
816:1
666:.
622:.
551:.
460:(
375:(
351:(
312:(
169:(
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