Water jet cutter - Knowledge (XXG)

376: 372:. Challenges inherent to waterjet technology revealed the inadequacies of traditional G-Code. The accuracy depends on varying the speed of the nozzle as it approaches corners and details. Creating motion control systems to incorporate those variables became a major innovation for leading waterjet manufacturers in the early 1990s, with John Olsen of OMAX Corporation developing systems to precisely position the waterjet nozzle while accurately specifying the speed at every point along the path, and also utilizing common PCs as a controller. The largest waterjet manufacturer, Flow International (a spinoff of Flow Industries), recognized the benefits of that system and licensed the OMAX software, with the result that the vast majority of waterjet cutting machines worldwide are simple to use, fast, and accurate. 232: 434:, or width, of the cut can be adjusted by swapping parts in the nozzle, as well as changing the type and size of the abrasive. Typical abrasive cuts have a kerf in the range of 0.04 to 0.05 in (1.0–1.3 mm), but can be as narrow as 0.02 inches (0.51 mm). Non-abrasive cuts are normally 0.007 to 0.013 in (0.18–0.33 mm), but can be as small as 0.003 inches (0.076 mm), which is approximately that of a human hair. These small jets can permit small details in a wide range of applications. 613: 441:

cutting head's orifice size), and the water can be recycled using a closed-loop system. Waste water usually is clean enough to filter and dispose of down a drain. The garnet abrasive is a non-toxic material that can be mostly recycled for repeated use; otherwise, it can usually be disposed of in a landfill. Water jets also produce fewer airborne dust particles, smoke, fumes, and contaminants, reducing operator exposure to hazardous materials.

184: 38: 131: 460: 4637: 396:. An intensifier pump creates pressure by using hydraulic oil to move a piston forcing the water through a tiny hole. The water then travels along the high-pressure tubing to the nozzle of the waterjet. In the nozzle, the water is focused into a thin beam by a jewel orifice. This beam of water is ejected from the nozzle, cutting through the material by spraying it with the jet of speed on the order of 151:, it was not until the 1930s that narrow jets of water started to appear as an industrial cutting device. In 1933, the Paper Patents Company in Wisconsin developed a paper metering, cutting, and reeling machine that used a diagonally moving waterjet nozzle to cut a horizontally moving sheet of continuous paper. These early applications were at low pressure and restricted to soft materials like paper. 560: 295: 637:

a part that will later be welded, or for taper compensation purposes where the kerf angle is transferred to the waste material – thus eliminating the taper commonly found on water jet-cut parts. A 5-axis head can cut parts where the Z-axis is also moving along with all the other axes. This full 5-axis cutting could be used for cutting contours on various surfaces of formed parts.

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the Mohs scale)". Examples of materials that cannot be cut with a water jet are tempered glass and diamonds. Water jets are capable of cutting up to 6 in (150 mm) of metals and 18 in (460 mm) of most materials, though in specialized coal mining applications, water jets are capable of cutting up to 100 ft (30 m) using a 1 in (25 mm) nozzle.

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and Norman Franz in the late 1960s focused on waterjet cutting of soft materials by dissolving long-chain polymers in the water to improve the cohesiveness of the jet stream. In the early 1970s, the desire to improve the durability of the waterjet nozzle led Ray Chadwick, Michael Kurko, and Joseph Corriveau of the Bendix Corporation to come up with the idea of using

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which now consists of three components (water - abrasive - air). In the focusing tube, which is (should be) optimised in its length for this purpose, the abrasive is further accelerated (energy transfer from the water to the abrasive grain) and the AWIJ ideally leaves the focusing tube at the maximum possible abrasive grain speed.

252:, and his team continued to develop and improve the AWJ technology and its hardware for many applications. A critical development was creating a durable mixing tube that could withstand the power of the high-pressure AWJ, and it was Boride Products (now Kennametal) development of their ROCTEC line of ceramic 440:

Due to its relatively narrow kerf, water jet cutting can reduce the amount of scrap material produced, by allowing uncut parts to be nested more closely together than traditional cutting methods. Water jets use approximately 0.5 to 1 US gal (1.9–3.8 L) per minute (depending on the

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Working with Ingersoll-Rand Waterjet Systems, Michael Dixon implemented the first production practical means of cutting titanium sheets—an abrasive waterjet system very similar to those in widespread use today. By January 1989, that system was being run 24 hours a day producing titanium parts for the

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A 5-axis cutting head can be used to cut 4-axis parts, where the bottom surface geometries are shifted a certain amount to produce the appropriate angle and the Z-axis remains at one height. This can be useful for applications like weld preparation where a bevel angle needs to be cut on all sides of

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Edge quality for water jet cut parts is defined with the quality numbers Q1 through Q5. Lower numbers indicate rougher edge finish; higher numbers are smoother. For thin materials, the difference in cutting speed for Q1 could be as much as 3 times faster than the speed for Q5. For thicker materials,

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Materials commonly cut with a water jet include textiles, rubber, foam, plastics, leather, composites, stone, tile, glass, metals, food, paper and much more. "Most ceramics can also be cut on an abrasive water jet as long as the material is softer than the abrasive being used (between 7.5 and 8.5 on

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After contact with the abrasive material in the mixing chamber with the water jet, the individual abrasive grains are accelerated and entrained in the direction of the focusing tube. The air used as a carrier medium for transporting the abrasive into the mixing chamber also becomes part of the AWIJ,

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With recent advances in control and motion technology, 5-axis water jet cutting (abrasive and pure) has become a reality. Where the normal axes on a water jet are named Y (back/forth), X (left/right) and Z (up/down), a 5-axis system will typically add an A axis (angle from perpendicular) and C axis

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Since there are only 2 components (water and abrasive) in the AWSJ, the acceleration of the abrasive grains by the water takes place with a significantly increased efficiency compared to the AWIJ. The abrasive grains become faster with the WASS than with the WAIS for the same hydraulic power of the

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required a catalyst to be injected into the polyethylene. McCartney Manufacturing Company in Baxter Springs, Kansas, began manufacturing these high-pressure pumps in 1960 for the polyethylene industry. Flow Industries in Kent, Washington set the groundwork for commercial viability of waterjets with

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crystal to form a waterjet orifice, while Norman Franz expanded on this and created a waterjet nozzle with an orifice as small as 0.002 inches (0.051 mm) that operated at pressures up to 70,000 psi (480 MPa). John Olsen, along with George Hurlburt and Louis Kapcsandy at Flow Research

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explored using a pulsing waterjet at up to 50,000 psi (340 MPa) to cut metals, stone, and other materials. Research by S.J. Leach and G.L. Walker in the mid-1960s expanded on traditional coal waterjet cutting to determine the ideal nozzle shape for high-pressure waterjet cutting of stone,

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Specially designed water jet cutters are commonly used to remove excess bitumen from road surfaces that have become the subject of binder flushing. Flushing is a natural occurrence caused during hot weather where the aggregate becomes level with the bituminous binder layer creating a hazardously

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AWSJ cutting, in contrast to the AWIJ cutting process described below, can also be used for mobile cutting applications and cutting underwater, in addition to machining demanding materials. Examples include bomb disposal, as well as the dismantling of offshore installations or the dismantling of

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While cutting with water is possible for soft materials, adding an abrasive turned the water jet into a modern machining tool for all materials. This began in 1935 when the idea of adding an abrasive to the water stream was developed by Elmo Smith for liquid abrasive blasting. Smith’s design was

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in the 1982 BHR proceedings showing, for the first time, that waterjets with relatively small amounts of abrasives are capable of cutting hard materials such as steel and concrete. The March 1984 issue of the Mechanical Engineering magazine showed more details and materials cut with AWJ such as

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High-pressure systems were further shaped by the aviation, automotive, and oil industries. Aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing developed seals for hydraulically boosted control systems in the 1940s, while automotive designers followed similar research for hydraulic suspension systems. Higher

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Waterjet technology evolved in the post-war era as researchers around the world searched for new methods of efficient cutting systems. In 1956, Carl Johnson of Durox International in Luxembourg developed a method for cutting plastic shapes using a thin stream high-pressure water jet, but those

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The AWIJ is generated by a water jet that passes through a mixing chamber (a cavity) after exiting the water nozzle and enters a focusing tube at the exit of the mixing chamber. The interaction of the water jet in the mixing chamber with the air inside creates negative pressure, the water jet

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Commercial water jet cutting systems are available from manufacturers all over the world, in a range of sizes, and with water pumps capable of a range of pressures. Typical water jet cutting machines have a working envelope as small as a few square feet, or up to hundreds of square feet.

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The Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) - often called “Slurry Jet” or “Water Abrasive Suspension (WAS) jet” - is a specific type of abrasive water jet, which is used for waterjet cutting. In contrast to the abrasive water injector jet (AWIJ), the abrasive water suspension jet (AWSJ) is

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High-pressure vessels and pumps became affordable and reliable with the advent of steam power. By the mid-1800s, steam locomotives were common and the first efficient steam-driven fire engine was operational. By the turn of the century, high-pressure reliability improved, with

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John Olsen’s development of the high-pressure fluid intensifier in 1973, a design that was further refined in 1976. Flow Industries then combined the high-pressure pump research with their waterjet nozzle research and brought waterjet cutting into the manufacturing world.

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Because the nature of the cutting stream can be easily modified the water jet can be used in nearly every industry; there are many different materials that the water jet can cut. Some of them have unique characteristics that require special attention when cutting.

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composite tubes that significantly increased the operational life of the AWJ nozzle. Current work on AWJ nozzles is on micro abrasive waterjets so that cutting with jets smaller than 0.015 inches (0.38 mm) in diameter can be commercialized.

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Waterjet cutting is often used during the fabrication of machine parts. It is the preferred method when the materials being cut are sensitive to the high temperatures generated by other methods; examples of such materials include plastic and

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materials, like paper, were soft materials. In 1958, Billie Schwacha of North American Aviation developed a system using ultra-high-pressure liquid to cut hard materials. This system used a 100,000 psi (690 MPa) pump to deliver a

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Because of the angles that can be cut, part programs may need to have additional cuts to free the part from the sheet. Attempting to slide a complex part at a severe angle from a plate can be difficult without appropriate relief cuts.

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In 1987, Ingersoll-Rand Waterjet Systems offered a 5-axis pure-water waterjet cutting system called the Robotic Waterjet System. The system was an overhead gantry design, similar in overall size to the HS-1000.

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characterised by the fact that the mixing of abrasive and water takes place before the nozzle. This has the effect that, in contrast to AWIJ, the jet consists of only two components: the water and the abrasive.

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Q1 could be 6 times faster than Q5. For example, 4 inches (100 mm) thick aluminium Q5 would be 0.72 in/min (18 mm/min) and Q1 would be 4.2 in/min (110 mm/min), 5.8 times faster.

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entrains air particles. This negative pressure is used for the pneumatic transport of the abrasive into the chamber (the abrasive is led to a lateral opening (bore) of the mixing chamber by means of a hose).

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Uses a high-velocity stream of ultra high-pressure water 30,000–90,000 psi (210–620 MPa) which is produced by a high-pressure pump with possible abrasive particles suspended in the stream.

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leading to a sixfold increase in boiler pressure, some reaching 1,600 psi (11 MPa). Most high-pressure pumps at this time, though, operated around 500–800 psi (3.4–5.5 MPa).

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As waterjet cutting moved into traditional manufacturing shops, controlling the cutter reliably and accurately was essential. Early waterjet cutting systems adapted traditional systems such as

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further refined by Leslie Tirrell of the Hydroblast Corporation in 1937, resulting in a nozzle design that created a mix of high-pressure water and abrasive for the purpose of wet blasting.

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All waterjets follow the same principle of using high-pressure water focused into a beam by a nozzle. Most machines accomplish this by first running the water through a high-pressure

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Zeleňák, M.; Foldyna, J.; Linde, M.; Pude, F.; Rentsch, T.; Fernolendt, J.; Poort, H.U. (2016-01-01), "Measurement and Analysis of Abrasive Particles Velocities in AWSJ",

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These advances in seal technology, plus the rise of plastics in the post-war years, led to the development of the first reliable high-pressure pump. The invention of

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Water jet cutters are also capable of producing intricate cuts in material. With specialized software and 3-D machining heads, complex shapes can be produced.

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Distance of the nozzle from the workpiece affects the size of the kerf and the removal rate of material. Typical distance is .125 in (3.2 mm).

1200: 1670: 408:, are fed into the nozzle via an abrasive inlet. The abrasive then mixes with the water in a mixing tube and is forced out the end at high pressure. 187: 2500: 400:

3, around 2,500 ft/s (760 m/s). The process is the same for abrasive waterjets until the water reaches the nozzle. Here abrasives such as

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While not effective for the XB-70 project, the concept was valid and further research continued to evolve waterjet cutting. In 1962, Philip Rice of

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Here’s an in-depth educational piece detailing how a waterjet works, what it can cut, and how waterjets compare to other CNC cutting technologies.

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Produces a taper of less than 1° on most cuts, which can be reduced or eliminated entirely by slowing down the cut process or tilting the jet.

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titanium, aluminium, glass, and stone. Mohamed Hashish was awarded a patent on forming AWJ in 1987. Hashish, who also coined the new term

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refers specifically to the use of a mixture of water and an abrasive to cut hard materials such as metal, stone or glass, while the terms

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Water jets are capable of attaining accuracy down to 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) and repeatability down to 0.001 inches (0.025 mm).

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An important benefit of the water jet is the ability to cut material without interfering with its inherent structure, as there is no

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Ultra-high-pressure water pumps are available from as low as 40,000 psi (280 MPa) up to 100,000 psi (690 MPa).

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liquid jet that could cut high-strength alloys such as PH15-7-MO stainless steel. Used to cut honeycomb laminate for the Mach 3

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pressures in hydraulic systems in the oil industry also led to the development of advanced seals and packing to prevent leaks.

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refer to waterjet cutting without the use of added abrasives, often used for softer materials such as wood or rubber.

1242: 1329: 3712: 2269: 2211: 219: 1160:(in German). Ingenieur-Spiegel. Band 3-2019. Public Verlagsgesellschaft und Anzeigenagentur mbH, Bingen, S. 23–25. 570: 305: 4681: 4540: 3678: 3005: 2968: 1883: 1411: 231: 2577: 2552: 1934: 82:, is an industrial tool capable of cutting a wide variety of materials using an extremely high-pressure jet of 1796: 500:

Is used for machining a large array of materials, including heat-sensitive, delicate, or very hard materials.

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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences

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Prof. Dr.-Ing.Michael Kaufeld, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Pude, Dipl.-ing. Marco Linde (March 2019).

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Boride Corp develops abrasive waterjet cutting nozzles of ceramic tungsten carbide material.

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While using high-pressure water for erosion dates back as far as the mid-1800s with

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Leach, S.J. and G.L. Walker, The Application of High Speed Liquid Jets to Cutting,

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The first publications on modern abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting were published by

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system. Therefore, comparatively deeper or faster cuts can be made with the AWSJ.

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B-1B largely at Rockwell's North American Aviation facility in Newark, Ohio.

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Temperature is not much of a factor because the water used also acts as a

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Method and Apparatus for Forming a High Velocity Liquid Abrasive Jet

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Chadwick, Ray F Chadwick, Michael C Kurko, and Joseph A Corriveau,

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systems based on John Parsons’ 1952 NC milling machine and running

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There are six main process characteristics of water jet cutting:

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Very High Velocity Fluid Jet Nozzles and Methods of Making Same

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reactor pressure vessel installations in nuclear power plants.

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at high speed, requiring changes to the manufacturing process.

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Olsen, John H., George H. Hurlburt, and Louis E. Kapcsandy,

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Today, there are two different types of Abrasive Waterjets:

110:. Waterjet cutting is used in various industries, including 1723:"Improving waterjet cutting precision by eliminating taper" 718:"Waterjet Cutting History - Origins of the Waterjet Cutter" 503:

Produces no heat damage to the workpiece surface or edges.

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Lorincz, Jim. Waterjets: Evolving from Macro to Micro,

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International Federation of Building and Wood Workers

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Method for Cutting Up Plastic and Semi-Plastic Masses

1243:"Machining & CNC Manufacturing: A brief history" 1048:"ROCTEC Composite Carbide Abrasive Waterjet Nozzles" 835:, filed March 1, 1971, and issued September 4, 1973. 809:, Vol 260, No 1110, July 28, 1966, pp. 295–310. 4605: 4554: 4498: 4412: 4362: 4319: 4191: 4184: 4072: 3959: 3901: 3711: 3654: 3325: 3244: 3235: 3059: 3028: 2373: 2235: 2162: 2064: 2013: 1925: 1882: 1492:, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, November 2009 1315:, filed October 7, 1993, and issued April 16, 1996. 1037:, filed October 7, 1985, and issued March 10, 1987. 1021:, filed April 3, 1937, and issued October 17, 1939. 982:, filed January 12, 1973, and issued May 21, 1974. 861:, filed June 21, 1976, and issued August 12, 1980. 770:, filed October 13, 1958, and issued May 23, 1961. 757:, filed March 13, 1956, and issued April 14, 1959. 1526:Lorincz, Waterjets: Evolving from Macro to Micro. 1270:"What Really Determines the Time to Make a Part?" 1245:. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Archived from 1187:"Bombenentschärfungen: Neue Wasserstrahl-Technik" 995:, filed March 16, 1976, and issued June 14, 1977. 943:, filed March 26, 1956, and issued March 4, 1958. 904:, filed March 3, 1941, and issued March 23, 1943. 848:, filed July 16, 1971, and issued August 7, 1973. 822:, filed May 31, 1968, and issued August 18, 1970. 447:using waterjet technology eliminates the risk of 1693:"Waterjet Cutting History: Origins and Timeline" 1534: 1532: 1328:. Flow International Corporation. Archived from 1033:Hashish, Mohamed, Michael Kirby and Yih-Ho Pao, 917:, filed July 11, 1958, and issued July 18, 1961. 1302:, filed May 14, 1997, and issued April 6, 1999. 1008:, filed June 10, 1935, and issued May 12, 1936. 794:Process for Cutting and Working Solid Materials 1797:Milestones in the History of Water Jet Cutting 1029: 1027: 954:"KMT McCartney Products for the LDPE Industry" 744:, filed May 22, 1933, and issued July 2, 1935. 3006: 2501: 1860: 1822: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1412:"2.972 How an Abrasive Waterjet Cutter Works" 781:Valkyrie: North American's Mach 3 Superbomber 235:The Evolution of the Abrasive Waterjet Nozzle 8: 1170:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1100:(in German), vol. 149, pp. 77–86, 1053:. Kennametal Boride Abrasive Flow Products. 268:Abrasive Water Suspension Jet (AWSJ) cutting 1802:Fabric Cutting by Water Jet Cutting Machine 1642:"What is a Waterjet cutting machine ?" 1565:"What is a Waterjet cutting machine ?" 4188: 3717: 3241: 3013: 2999: 2991: 2508: 2494: 2486: 1867: 1853: 1845: 1829: 1815: 1807: 993:High Pressure Fluid Intensifier and Method 980:High Pressure Fluid Intensifier and Method 859:Method for Making High Velocity Liquid Jet 285:Abrasive Water Injector Jet (AWIJ) cutting 1300:Motion Control for Quality in Jet Cutting 1115: 1105: 600:Learn how and when to remove this message 335:Learn how and when to remove this message 4521:Building and Wood Workers' International 476:smooth road surface during wet weather. 379:Large water jet abrasive cutting machine 779:Jenkins, Dennis R & Tony R Landis, 681: 451:since the contact medium is discarded. 1163: 939:Hogan, John Paul and Robert L. Banks, 833:Nozzle for Producing Fluid Cutting Jet 1440:from the original on 26 February 2010 960:from the original on 24 December 2012 7: 4656: 1590:"What Materials Can a Waterjet Cut?" 1060:from the original on 6 December 2008 742:Paper Metering, Cutting, and Reeling 582:adding citations to reliable sources 317:adding citations to reliable sources 4646: 4506:American Association of Woodturners 1791:What is a Waterjet cutting machine? 1691:Schlick, Jonathan (11 March 2023). 1753:"Waterjet Relationship Parameters" 1362:from the original on 6 August 2016 1313:Motion Control with Precomputation 163:, this cutting method resulted in 25: 4536:National Wood Carvers Association 1733:from the original on 22 July 2015 1392:from the original on 17 June 2016 1352:"Crankshaft vs. Intensifier pump" 4655: 4645: 4636: 4635: 4511:Architectural Woodwork Institute 1773:How Can Water Cut Through Steel? 1759:from the original on 2010-09-09. 1630:from the original on 2017-04-05. 1600:from the original on 2 June 2016 1509:from the original on 2017-09-21. 1470:from the original on 2 June 2016 783:, Specialty Press, 2004, p. 108. 671:Digital modeling and fabrication 558: 532: 463:A water jet cutting a metal tool 293: 1785:Waterjet Cutting – How it Works 1673:from the original on 2017-05-05 1546:from the original on 2009-02-23 1280:from the original on 6 May 2012 941:Polymers and Production Thereof 876:British Made Steam Fire Engines 569:needs additional citations for 304:needs additional citations for 188:Waterjet cutting machine 5-axis 86:, or a mixture of water and an 41:A diagram of a water jet cutter 4516:British Woodworking Federation 666:Electrical discharge machining 616:A 5-axis waterjet cutting head 506:Nozzles are typically made of 1: 4526:Caricature Carvers of America 1793:, A definition of the process 1503:"Waterjet Cutting Advantages" 768:Liquid Cutting of Hard Metals 716:Guidorzi, Elia (2022-02-03). 161:North American XB-70 Valkyrie 1138:Pressestelle (8 June 2023). 1107:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.641 118:, for cutting, shaping, and 1460:"How Does a Waterjet Work?" 1430:"Basic Waterjet Principles" 928:High Pressure Packing Means 740:Fourness, Charles A et al, 4708: 4687:Metalworking cutting tools 2212:Magnetic switchable device 956:. KMT McCartney Products. 547: 220:Phillips Petroleum Company 29: 4631: 4541:Society of Wood Engravers 3720: 2913: 2528: 2430: 1844: 1775:, HowStuffWorks.com video 1490:Manufacturing Engineering 45:high-pressure water inlet 2954:Machine and metalworking 1217:(in German). 2021-01-07. 820:High Velocity Liquid Jet 30:Not to be confused with 2964:Measuring and alignment 2270:Engineer's spirit level 1594:OMAX Abrasive Waterjets 1464:OMAX Abrasive Waterjets 913:Templeton, Herbert W., 902:Piston Sealing Assembly 48:jewel (ruby or diamond) 4618:Frameless construction 3699:Wood-plastic composite 2693:Oxy-fuel cutting torch 1985:Oxy-fuel cutting torch 1729:. FMA Communications. 1436:. Olsen Software LLC. 1358:. Olsen Software LLC. 625: 624:A 5-axis waterjet part 617: 464: 380: 362:mechanical pantographs 236: 190: 139: 67: 2470:Tools and terminology 2237:Measuring instruments 766:Schwacha, Billie G., 623: 615: 462: 378: 234: 186: 133: 90:substance. The term 40: 4692:Woodworking machines 4546:Timber Framers Guild 3400:Australian Blackwood 2929:Cutting and abrasive 1624:www.kmt-waterjet.com 1098:Procedia Engineering 1017:Tirrell, Leslie L., 900:Berry, Mitchell M., 753:Johnson, Carl Olof, 578:improve this article 313:improve this article 214:by Robert Banks and 4266:Hammer-headed tenon 3785:Janka hardness test 2563:Ceramic tile cutter 1332:on 12 December 2013 1117:20.500.11850/119156 915:Metering Valve Seal 550:Multiaxis machining 449:cross contamination 201:locomotive research 3127:Japanese carpentry 2360:Thread pitch gauge 2325:Optical comparator 2079:Combination square 1876:Metalworking tools 1648:. 30 November 2017 1571:. 30 November 2017 844:Franz, Norman C., 818:Franz, Norman C., 792:Rice, Phillip K., 626: 618: 544:Multi-axis cutting 465: 418:heat-affected zone 381: 237: 191: 140: 100:water-only cutting 74:, also known as a 68: 4669: 4668: 4623:Green woodworking 4480:Wood preservation 4408: 4407: 4311:Tongue and groove 4291:Mortise and tenon 4180: 4179: 3878:Warrington hammer 3707: 3706: 3395:African Blackwood 3187:Segmented turning 2988: 2987: 2483: 2482: 2426: 2425: 1727:TheFabricator.com 926:Webb, Derrel D., 610: 609: 602: 345: 344: 337: 250:abrasive waterjet 227:Abrasive waterjet 60:cutting water jet 51:abrasive (garnet) 18:Abrasive waterjet 16:(Redirected from 4699: 4682:Cutting machines 4659: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4189: 3858:Thickness planer 3718: 3512:(lime, basswood) 3242: 3102:Chainsaw carving 3015: 3008: 3001: 2992: 2895:Water jet cutter 2860:Sharpening stone 2698:Pencil sharpener 2510: 2503: 2496: 2487: 2300:Machinist square 2109:Needlegun scaler 2104:Machinist square 1917:Water jet cutter 1884:Cutting machines 1869: 1862: 1855: 1846: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1808: 1761: 1760: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1577: 1576: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551: 1536: 1527: 1524: 1511: 1510: 1499: 1493: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1475: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1445: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1382:"Types of Pumps" 1378: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1322: 1316: 1311:Olsen, John H., 1309: 1303: 1298:Olsen, John H., 1296: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1265: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1169: 1161: 1159: 1150: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1119: 1109: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1079: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1052: 1044: 1038: 1031: 1022: 1019:Sandblast Device 1015: 1009: 1004:Smith, Elmo V., 1002: 996: 991:Olsen, John H., 989: 983: 978:Olsen, John H., 976: 970: 969: 967: 965: 950: 944: 937: 931: 924: 918: 911: 905: 898: 892: 891: 889: 887: 882:on 28 March 2012 878:. Archived from 868: 862: 855: 849: 842: 836: 829: 823: 816: 810: 803: 797: 790: 784: 777: 771: 764: 758: 751: 745: 738: 732: 731: 729: 728: 713: 707: 706: 704: 703: 694:, archived from 686: 605: 598: 594: 591: 585: 562: 554: 536: 508:tungsten carbide 356:Waterjet control 340: 333: 329: 326: 320: 297: 289: 254:tungsten carbide 149:hydraulic mining 72:water jet cutter 21: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4627: 4613:Frame and panel 4601: 4550: 4494: 4404: 4363:Surface piecing 4358: 4315: 4236:Crown of thorns 4176: 4162:Smoothing plane 4068: 3955: 3897: 3800:Milling machine 3703: 3664:Cross-laminated 3650: 3321: 3231: 3202:Spindle turning 3192:Shingle weaving 3162:Pallet crafting 3055: 3024: 3019: 2989: 2984: 2983: 2909: 2583:Diagonal pliers 2524: 2514: 2484: 2479: 2422: 2369: 2265:Engineer's blue 2231: 2164:Machine tooling 2158: 2060: 2036:Hydraulic press 2009: 1921: 1878: 1873: 1840: 1835: 1769: 1764: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1702: 1700: 1697:Techni Waterjet 1690: 1689: 1685: 1676: 1674: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1549: 1547: 1538: 1537: 1530: 1525: 1514: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1471: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1428: 1427: 1423: 1410: 1409: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1386:www.wardjet.com 1380: 1379: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1268:Olsen, John H. 1267: 1266: 1262: 1252: 1250: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1050: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1032: 1025: 1016: 1012: 1006:Liquid Blasting 1003: 999: 990: 986: 977: 973: 963: 961: 952: 951: 947: 938: 934: 925: 921: 912: 908: 899: 895: 885: 883: 872:"John Ericsson" 870: 869: 865: 856: 852: 843: 839: 830: 826: 817: 813: 804: 800: 791: 787: 778: 774: 765: 761: 752: 748: 739: 735: 726: 724: 715: 714: 710: 701: 699: 691:About waterjets 688: 687: 683: 679: 647: 606: 595: 589: 586: 575: 563: 552: 546: 530: 491: 482: 457: 414: 406:aluminium oxide 386: 358: 341: 330: 324: 321: 310: 298: 287: 270: 245:Mohamed Hashish 229: 216:John Paul Hogan 196: 145: 138:cutting machine 128: 66: 35: 32:pressure washer 28: 27:Industrial tool 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4705: 4703: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4674: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4643: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4592:Quarter sawing 4589: 4584: 4582:Wood splitting 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4558: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4490:Wood finishing 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450:Paint stripper 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4405: 4403: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4360: 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3702: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3689:Particle board 3686: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3669:Glue laminated 3666: 3660: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3207:Timber framing 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3177:Relief carving 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3077:Bush carpentry 3074: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3043: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3017: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2919:Types of tools 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2855:Sharpening jig 2852: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2678:Milling cutter 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2638:Grinding wheel 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2505: 2498: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2379: 2377: 2375:Smithing tools 2371: 2370: 2368: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2290:Go/no go gauge 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2260:Dial indicator 2257: 2252: 2247: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2056:Stamping press 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2008: 2007: 2002: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1975:Milling cutter 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1931: 1929: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1888: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1864: 1857: 1849: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1819: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1768: 1767:External links 1765: 1763: 1762: 1744: 1713: 1683: 1658: 1633: 1611: 1581: 1556: 1528: 1512: 1494: 1481: 1451: 1421: 1403: 1373: 1343: 1326:"SEC Form 8-K" 1317: 1304: 1291: 1274:Dr Olsen's Lab 1260: 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4499:Organizations 4497: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4455:Steam bending 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4425:French polish 4423: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4296:Rabbet/Rebate 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4281:Mason's mitre 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4127:Jointer plane 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4097:Compass plane 4095: 4093: 4092:Chamfer plane 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4082:Bedrock plane 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3868:Veneer hammer 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3780:Impact driver 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3710: 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2858: 2856: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2713:Plasma cutter 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2588:Diamond blade 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2511: 2506: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 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2041:Machine press 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2031:English wheel 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2014:Forming tools 2012: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1927:Cutting tools 1924: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1858: 1856: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779:Why Waterjet? 1777: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1721:Olsen, John. 1717: 1714: 1710: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1684: 1672: 1668: 1662: 1659: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1615: 1612: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1585: 1582: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1439: 1435: 1434:WaterJets.org 1431: 1425: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1404: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1361: 1357: 1356:WaterJets.org 1353: 1347: 1344: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1292: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1264: 1261: 1249:on 2004-08-20 1248: 1244: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1181: 1178: 1173: 1167: 1156: 1149: 1146: 1141: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1056: 1049: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1001: 998: 994: 988: 985: 981: 975: 972: 959: 955: 949: 946: 942: 936: 933: 929: 923: 920: 916: 910: 907: 903: 897: 894: 881: 877: 873: 867: 864: 860: 854: 851: 847: 841: 838: 834: 828: 825: 821: 815: 812: 808: 802: 799: 795: 789: 786: 782: 776: 773: 769: 763: 760: 756: 750: 747: 743: 737: 734: 723: 719: 712: 709: 698:on 2010-02-26 697: 693: 692: 685: 682: 676: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 656:Laser cutting 654: 652: 649: 648: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 622: 614: 604: 601: 593: 583: 579: 573: 572: 567:This section 565: 561: 556: 555: 551: 543: 541: 537: 535: 527: 525: 523: 515: 512: 509: 505: 502: 499: 496: 495: 494: 488: 486: 479: 477: 473: 469: 461: 454: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 435: 433: 428: 425: 423: 419: 411: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 383: 377: 373: 371: 367: 363: 355: 353: 349: 339: 336: 328: 318: 314: 308: 307: 302:This section 300: 296: 291: 290: 284: 282: 278: 274: 267: 265: 262: 258: 255: 251: 246: 241: 233: 226: 224: 221: 217: 213: 208: 204: 202: 194:High pressure 193: 189: 185: 181: 178: 173: 172:Union Carbide 168: 166: 162: 158: 152: 150: 142: 137: 132: 125: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 103: 101: 97: 96:pure waterjet 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 62: 59: 56: 53: 50: 47: 44: 43: 39: 33: 19: 4430:Heat bending 4375:Edge banding 4147:Router plane 4142:Rebate plane 4102:Finger plane 3833: 3537: 3531: 3511: 3505:Lignum vitae 3263: 3257: 3222:Wood carving 3197:Shipbuilding 3182:Root carving 3142:Log building 3107:Chip carving 2894: 2783:Concrete saw 2778:Circular saw 2763:Abrasive saw 2723:Pocket knife 2708:Pizza cutter 2683:Nail clipper 2643:Honing steel 2628:Glass cutter 2593:Diamond tool 2578:Cutting tool 2408:Steam hammer 2355:Tape measure 2345:Straightedge 2330:Radius gauge 2305:Marking blue 2295:Height gauge 2275:Feeler gauge 2255:Center gauge 2222:Rotary table 2202:Lathe center 2114:Piercing saw 2099:Hand scraper 1970:Hand scraper 1916: 1838:Metalworking 1747: 1735:. 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Retrieved 721: 711: 700:, retrieved 696:the original 690: 684: 639: 635: 631: 627: 596: 587: 576:Please help 571:verification 568: 538: 531: 528:Edge quality 519: 492: 483: 480:Availability 474: 470: 466: 443: 439: 436: 429: 426: 417: 415: 387: 359: 350: 346: 331: 322: 311:Please help 306:verification 303: 279: 275: 271: 263: 259: 249: 242: 238: 209: 205: 197: 169: 165:delaminating 153: 146: 104: 99: 95: 92:abrasive jet 91: 79: 75: 71: 69: 63:cut material 4651:WikiProject 4597:Rift sawing 4587:Flat sawing 4475:Wood drying 4152:Scrub plane 4137:Razee plane 4087:Block plane 3941:Mitre clamp 3888:Wood scribe 3839:Combination 3581:Purpleheart 3277:Douglas fir 3227:Woodturning 3060:Occupations 3022:Woodworking 2979:Woodworking 2880:Switchblade 2743:Razor strop 2728:Putty knife 2668:Meat slicer 2613:Emery cloth 2598:Disc cutter 2573:Countersink 2548:Bolt cutter 2440:Fabrication 2418:Trip hammer 2413:Swage block 2398:Hardy tools 2315:Marking out 2285:Gauge block 2172:Angle plate 2134:Tap and die 2051:Screw press 2046:Punch press 2000:Tipped tool 1955:Countersink 1950:Counterbore 1416:web.mit.edu 455:Versatility 445:Meatcutting 54:mixing tube 4676:Categories 4606:Techniques 4555:Conversion 4485:Wood stain 4413:Treatments 4201:Birdsmouth 4167:Spokeshave 4117:Jack plane 4107:Fore plane 3946:Pipe clamp 3911:Band clamp 3835:Carpenters 3656:Engineered 3606:Rubberwood 3455:Eucalyptus 3259:Calocedrus 3172:Pyrography 3137:Kohlrosing 2900:Wire brush 2870:Steel wool 2788:Coping saw 2703:Pipecutter 2658:Lawn mower 2460:Metallurgy 2320:Micrometer 2245:Bore gauge 2066:Hand tools 1677:2017-09-18 1652:2019-10-14 1575:2020-11-10 1550:2009-06-11 727:2022-02-17 702:2010-02-13 677:References 394:crankshaft 157:hypersonic 4395:Parquetry 4390:Oystering 4385:Marquetry 4226:Butterfly 3893:Workbench 3825:Sandpaper 3805:Mitre box 3750:Drawknife 3740:Burnisher 3725:Abrasives 3674:Hardboard 3335:Afromosia 3217:Whittling 3167:Parquetry 3152:Marquetry 3097:Certosina 3092:Carpentry 3082:Cabinetry 3029:Overviews 2813:Miter saw 2753:Sandpaper 2673:Mezzaluna 2608:Drill bit 2603:Drawknife 2558:Burnisher 2455:Machining 2450:Jewellery 2149:Workbench 2084:Drift pin 1907:Miter saw 1540:"Company" 1126:1877-7058 384:Operation 134:Waterjet 116:aerospace 108:aluminium 76:water jet 4641:Category 4420:Adhesive 4400:Purfling 4380:Intarsia 4321:Profiles 4246:Dovetail 4185:Geometry 4024:Hand saw 4009:Crosscut 3994:Circular 3989:Chainsaw 3936:Holdfast 3601:Rosewood 3533:American 3528:Mahogany 3500:Jelutong 3470:Hornbeam 3435:Cocobolo 3430:Chestnut 3345:Andiroba 3157:Millwork 3122:Intarsia 3117:Fretwork 3112:Ébéniste 3041:Glossary 2934:Forestry 2924:Cleaning 2885:Tool bit 2834:Scraper 2830:Scissors 2818:Wire saw 2808:Hole saw 2803:Hand saw 2773:Chainsaw 2521:abrasive 2465:Smithing 2403:Pritchel 2340:Sine bar 2005:Tool bit 1960:End mill 1897:Cold saw 1757:Archived 1731:Archived 1703:15 April 1699:. Techni 1671:Archived 1628:Archived 1598:Archived 1544:Archived 1507:Archived 1468:Archived 1438:Archived 1390:Archived 1360:Archived 1278:Archived 1166:cite web 1055:Archived 958:Archived 645:See also 590:May 2023 412:Benefits 325:May 2023 177:corundum 143:Waterjet 88:abrasive 80:waterjet 4661:Commons 4577:Whipsaw 4572:Sawmill 4465:Varnish 4460:Thermal 4435:Lacquer 4370:Binding 4339:Chamfer 4206:Biscuit 4172:Surform 4064:Whipsaw 4034:Keyhole 4019:Fretsaw 3999:Compass 3984:Bucksaw 3974:Bandsaw 3969:Backsaw 3951:Sawbuck 3921:F-clamp 3916:C-clamp 3790:Jointer 3694:Plywood 3646:Zebrano 3586:Ovankol 3551:Meranti 3539:African 3510:Linden 3465:Hickory 3420:Cedrela 3415:Camphor 3410:Bubinga 3405:Boxwood 3385:Bilinga 3370:Avodire 3287:Juniper 3272:Cypress 3147:Luthier 3036:History 2959:Masonry 2949:Kitchen 2875:Surform 2825:Scalpel 2798:Hacksaw 2793:Fretsaw 2768:Bandsaw 2688:Nibbler 2663:Machete 2517:Cutting 2475:Welding 2445:Forming 2435:Casting 2250:Caliper 2227:Wiggler 2217:Mandrel 2187:Fixture 2129:Scriber 2089:Hacksaw 1980:Nibbler 1892:Bandsaw 1737:18 July 1646:Thibaut 1604:14 June 1569:Thibaut 1474:14 June 1444:14 June 1396:14 June 1366:14 June 1284:28 June 1253:25 June 964:10 June 886:10 June 651:CryoJet 522:coolant 489:Process 422:tempers 218:of the 126:History 120:reaming 4567:Hewing 4306:Splice 4261:Halved 4256:Groove 4251:Finger 4231:Coping 4216:Bridle 4193:Joints 4074:Planes 4059:Veneer 4049:Scroll 4044:Ripsaw 4029:Jigsaw 4004:Coping 3903:Clamps 3830:Square 3820:Shaper 3815:Router 3795:Mallet 3770:Gimlet 3745:Chisel 3641:Willow 3631:Walnut 3621:Totara 3611:Sapele 3576:Poplar 3561:Padauk 3523:Merbau 3495:Jarrah 3480:Imbuia 3475:Idigbo 3440:Cumaru 3425:Cherry 3350:Anigre 3312:Spruce 3265:Cedrus 3132:Khatam 3087:Caning 3050:lumber 2969:Mining 2939:Garden 2748:Reamer 2633:Grater 2568:Chisel 2553:Broach 2393:Fuller 2182:Collet 2154:Wrench 2119:Pliers 2094:Hammer 1995:Shears 1990:Reamer 1945:Chisel 1935:Broach 1912:Plasma 1336:1 July 1124: 1064:1 July 402:garnet 370:G-code 212:Marlex 112:mining 4445:Paint 4354:Ovolo 4349:Ogive 4334:Bevel 4301:Scarf 4286:Miter 4054:Table 4039:Miter 4014:Frame 3931:Gripe 3847:Speed 3843:Miter 3775:Gauge 3765:Float 3760:Fence 3755:Drill 3713:Tools 3636:Wenge 3626:Utile 3591:Ramin 3546:Maple 3518:Lovoa 3490:Iroko 3460:Hazel 3445:Ebony 3390:Birch 3380:Beech 3375:Balsa 3365:Aspen 3360:Apple 3340:Alder 3297:Kauri 3292:Larch 3254:Cedar 3237:Woods 3212:Treen 2974:Power 2865:Snips 2848:Paint 2738:Razor 2718:Plane 2653:Laser 2648:Knife 2543:Blade 2523:tools 2388:Forge 2383:Anvil 2335:Ruler 2280:Gauge 2177:Chuck 2139:Tongs 2124:Punch 2074:Clamp 2021:Brake 1902:Laser 1185:NDR. 1158:(PDF) 1058:(PDF) 1051:(PDF) 84:water 57:guard 4344:Ogee 4329:Bead 4271:Knee 4241:Dado 4221:Butt 3961:Saws 3873:Vise 3810:Rasp 3735:Adze 3616:Teak 3571:Plum 3566:Pear 3327:Hard 3307:Rimu 3302:Pine 3246:Soft 3046:Wood 2944:Hand 2843:Hand 2838:Card 2733:Rasp 2623:Froe 2618:File 2533:Adze 2519:and 2144:Vise 1965:File 1940:Burr 1739:2015 1705:2024 1606:2016 1476:2016 1446:2016 1398:2016 1368:2016 1338:2012 1286:2012 1255:2012 1172:link 1122:ISSN 1066:2012 966:2012 888:2012 432:kerf 430:The 404:and 398:Mach 390:pump 364:and 114:and 98:and 4470:Wax 4440:Oil 4276:Lap 4211:Box 3979:Bow 3851:Try 3730:Axe 3684:OSB 3679:MDF 3556:Oak 3485:Ipê 3450:Elm 3355:Ash 3317:Yew 3282:Fir 2758:Saw 2538:Axe 2197:Jig 2026:Die 1112:hdl 1102:doi 580:by 366:CNC 315:by 136:CNC 78:or 4678:: 3849:, 3845:, 3841:, 3837:, 3536:, 3262:, 1755:. 1725:. 1707:. 1695:. 1669:. 1644:. 1626:. 1622:. 1596:. 1592:. 1567:. 1531:^ 1515:^ 1505:. 1466:. 1462:. 1432:. 1414:. 1388:. 1384:. 1354:. 1276:. 1272:. 1168:}} 1164:{{ 1120:, 1110:, 1074:^ 1026:^ 874:. 720:. 524:. 122:. 70:A 3854:) 3832:( 3542:) 3530:( 3268:) 3256:( 3052:) 3048:( 3014:e 3007:t 3000:v 2509:e 2502:t 2495:v 1868:e 1861:t 1854:v 1830:e 1823:t 1816:v 1741:. 1680:. 1655:. 1608:. 1578:. 1553:. 1478:. 1448:. 1418:. 1400:. 1370:. 1340:. 1288:. 1257:. 1203:. 1174:) 1114:: 1104:: 1068:. 968:. 890:. 730:. 705:. 603:) 597:( 592:) 588:( 574:. 510:. 338:) 332:( 327:) 323:( 309:. 34:. 20:)

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