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476:, causing decreases of up to 34% of crop yield if not controlled and costing hundreds of millions of dollars per year in control and damage. Velvetleaf is an extremely competitive plant, so much so that it can steal nutrients and water from crops. Because of the season it germinates in, the plant matures right before the fall harvest on farms.
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Velvetleaf grows 3–8 feet tall on branched, stout stems covered in downy hairs. The annual plant grows during the warmer seasons, germinating in the spring and flowering in the summer. Velvetleaf's leaves are large and heart-shaped with pointed tips at their ends, which grow alternately at different
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When destroyed, the plant releases a chemical odor that is also known to be harmful to surrounding crops when released into the soil by inhibiting the germination of crop seeds. In order to eradicate velvetleaf, individual plants should be dug up or pulled out manually and not tilled or plowed to
424:
as a treatment for dysentery and to treat eye injuries, including opacity of the cornea. The leaves of the velvet leaf contain 0.01% of rutin and are used for a soothing, lubricant treatment that softens irritated tissues. When the leaves are softened, they can be used as a remedy for ulcers. The
479:
Velvetleaf is a tall plant that can cause the shorter crops around it to not thrive by severely reducing light penetration into them. Not only does it affect crop plants by starving them of light, but it also houses different diseases and pests of crops like corn, cotton, soybeans, and others.
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During reproduction, the plant generates a number of seeds ranging between 700 and 44,200 units per plant. The seeds take 17–22 days to mature once pollinated. Seeds can last for about 50 years when stored in a dry location or in the soil. In order to disperse the seeds for reproduction, each
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Pod-like capsules produced by the plant consist of 12-15 wood segments that form cup-like rings. Through the maturation of the seeds, the segments remain joined, and upon maturation, the mature seeds are released through vertical slits on the outside of the capsule.
487:
This species is typically found in areas where the soil has been disturbed. This causes the dormant seeds in the soil to be brought closer to the surface, allowing for growth when the soil is at an optimally warm temperature.
357:
in the plant is opened with a vertical slit along the outer edge. For successful germination of the seeds, the temperature must range between 24-30 °C. Velvet plants are able to grow in various types of soil, from gray-brown
279:
The plant's flowers are yellow and grow up to an inch in diameter, with five petals attached at the base. Flowers grow on stalks and can either be found in clusters or individually where the stalk meets the leaf stem.
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420:. The plant is also used to make ropes, coarse cloth, nets, paper, and caulk for boats, and is still cultivated in China to this day. Velvetleaf is used in
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Different predators and pathogens affect velvetleaf at different life stages of the plant. Examples of threats include but are not limited to:
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avoid seed germination. The plant can also be mowed while it is still small. Additionally, velvetleaf is controlled by herbicides.
919:"Abutilon theophrasti China Jute, Velvetleaf, Butterprint Buttonweed Jute, China Mallow, Indian Velvet Leaf PFAF Plant Database"
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bark of velvetleaf can reduce the flow of bodily fluids such as blood, secretions, and mucus, and promote the flow of urine.
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points along the length of the stem. The leaves are attached to thick, long stems, and when crushed, release an odor.
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in agricultural regions of the eastern and midwestern United States. It is one of the most detrimental weeds to
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Examples of pests and diseases that velvetleaf harbors are maize pests, tobacco pests, and soybean diseases.
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846:. Written Findings of the State Noxious Weed Control Board - Class A Weed. February 2000. Archived from
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Davis, K. Renner, C. Sprague, L. Dyer, D. Mutch (2005). Integrated Weed
Management. MSU
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The
Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom
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Red-brown lesions on lower stem and root area growing in soybean fields
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is considered a damaging weed to agricultural crops, especially
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730:"Velvetleaf Identification and Control Abutilon theophrasti"
953:. Seed Science Research (2001) 11, 335–343. Archived from
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Hameed A. Baloch, Antonio DiTommaso and Alan K. Watson.
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seed mass and its relationship to seed germinability"
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commemorates the ancient Greek botanist-philosopher
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468:in the 18th century, velvetleaf has become an
8:
898:Wisconsin Horticulture Division of Extension
665:Reduces seed production through consumption
650:Reduces seed production through consumption
398:and its leaves were part of the traditional
370:between 6.1 and 7.8, depending on location.
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402:, usually finely chopped and mixed with
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685:The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia
7:
1634:59f9d54c-cf01-488a-84bd-e08d1d8ff083
1464:3ff72b4b-55ed-4daf-b3c0-ae7f19bac4f6
751:"Abutilon theophrasti (velvet leaf)"
803:"Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)"
416:. The seeds are eaten in China and
324:on a plant that grew in California.
981:"Velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti"
25:
1575:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1044174-2
779:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
1006:
62:
944:"Intrapopulation variation in
635:Causes severe mosaic symptoms
374:Cultivation and medicinal uses
1:
775:"Canadian Science Publishing"
378:Velvetleaf has been grown in
861:Steckel, Larry (July 2007).
807:www.illinoiswildflowers.info
422:Chinese traditional medicine
870:The University of Tennessee
707:Plants of Upper Newport Bay
441:regions of the US, eastern
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687:(1953), New York: Viking.
464:Since being introduced to
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59:Scientific classification
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699:"A short description of
607:Reduces seed production
592:Reduces seed production
577:Reduces seed production
562:Reduces seed production
547:Reduces seed production
531:Reduces seed production
390:. The plant is known as
985:Master Gardener Program
642:Peromyscus maniculatus
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1710:Flora of the Maldives
736:. September 18, 2018.
584:Niesthrea louisianica
447:Eastern Mediterranean
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1526:Abutilon theophrasti
1513:Abutilon_theophrasti
1441:Abutilon~theophrasti
1255:Abutilon theophrasti
1074:Abutilon theophrasti
1044:Abutilon theophrasti
1020:Abutilon theophrasti
1015:at Wikimedia Commons
1013:Abutilon theophrasti
946:Abutilon theophrasti
892:Abutilon theophrasti
701:Abutilon theophrasti
614:Phomopsis longicolla
521:Verticillium dahliae
306:Abutilon theophrasti
207:Abutilon theophrasti
190:Abutilon theophrasti
52:Abutilon theophrasti
36:Abutilon theophrasti
1025:Plants for a Future
820:Xavier Romero-Frias
657:Peromyscus leucopus
628:Turnip mosaic virus
569:Liorhyssus hyalinus
554:Heliothis virescens
529:Necrosis of leaves
410:in a dish known as
242:and it serves as a
172:A. theophrasti
826:, Barcelona 1999,
788:10.4141/cjps88-127
599:Althaeus folkertsi
362:and sandy to clay
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238:that is native to
18:Abutilon avicennae
1705:Flora of Pakistan
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1498:Open Tree of Life
1036:Taxon identifiers
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697:De Ruff, Robert.
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505:Organism of Harm
400:Maldivian cuisine
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901:. Retrieved
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863:"Velvetleaf"
856:
848:the original
844:"Velvetleaf"
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758:. Retrieved
755:www.cabi.org
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567:
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519:
512:
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493:
486:
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478:
463:
450:
439:northeastern
432:
411:
391:
377:
351:
348:Reproduction
305:
282:
278:
274:
265:Theophrastus
261:theophrasti,
260:
250:
244:type species
229:annual plant
225:Chinese jute
224:
220:
217:Velvet Plant
216:
212:
206:
205:
204:
189:
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171:
170:
158:
121:
108:
95:
82:
51:
35:
29:
1549:kew-2611008
1397:NatureServe
1312:iNaturalist
1068:Wikispecies
492:Threats to
406:and grated
271:Description
102:Angiosperms
1694:Categories
1651:WisFlora:
1644:velvetleaf
1544:Plant List
1148:Calflora:
990:2019-02-11
928:2019-02-11
903:5 December
760:2019-02-11
734:KingCounty
672:References
511:Effect on
445:, and the
435:midwestern
388:bast fibre
322:Schizocarp
221:Velvetweed
213:Velvetleaf
1340:1044174-2
1268:200013684
1242:200013684
1224:FloraBase
632:Pathogen
619:Pathogen
236:Malvaceae
166:Species:
148:Malvaceae
72:Kingdom:
1700:Abutilon
1629:VicFlora
1618:VASCAN:
1601:19600012
1596:Tropicos
1510:PalDat:
1436:NSWFlora
1402:2.137892
1353:10198173
1125:BioLib:
1053:Wikidata
923:pfaf.org
459:soybeans
413:mas huni
396:Maldives
392:maabulha
334:Seedling
252:Abutilon
223:and the
159:Abutilon
144:Family:
138:Malvales
115:Eudicots
1611:4958293
1588:2595-36
1449:NTFlora
1291:3152614
1172:Ecocrop
1059:Q606369
662:Rodent
647:Rodent
604:Insect
589:Insect
574:Insect
559:Insect
544:Insect
433:In the
418:Kashmir
408:coconut
394:in the
360:podzols
343:Biology
246:of the
231:in the
154:Genus:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
1608:uBio:
1557:PLANTS
1503:854500
1461:NZOR:
1278:ABUTHE
1275:FoIO:
1216:175800
1190:584739
1141:121736
1102:APDB:
1082:AoFP:
830:
443:Canada
386:-like
355:carpel
255:. Its
233:family
227:is an
197:Medik.
128:Rosids
1661:WoI:
1641:WiO:
1583:SANBI
1533:PFI:
1472:NZPCN
1379:21674
1348:IRMNG
1324:IPA:
1317:60214
1250:FoAO2
1211:EUNIS
1203:ABUTH
1177:11067
1128:39324
1118:56831
1105:82021
1092:APA:
1023:from
958:(PDF)
951:(PDF)
866:(PDF)
380:China
364:loams
248:genus
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
1654:2411
1621:6613
1570:POWO
1562:ABTH
1536:3132
1521:PfaF
1490:6329
1477:2402
1454:3176
1428:3631
1423:NCBI
1389:1666
1374:ITIS
1366:1987
1335:IPNI
1327:5016
1299:GRIN
1286:GBIF
1229:4903
1198:EPPO
1164:8NCQ
1136:BOLD
1113:APNI
1095:2605
1085:1917
905:2023
828:ISBN
474:corn
457:and
455:corn
437:and
384:jute
310:MHNT
1672:WFO
1664:997
1410:NBN
1361:ISC
1304:757
1263:FoC
1237:FNA
1185:EoL
1159:CoL
783:doi
267:.
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896:.
878:^
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872:.
809:.
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763:.
709:.
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209:,
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