Knowledge (XXG)

Acceptance sampling

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MIL-STD-105 was a United States defense standard that provided procedures and tables for sampling by attributes (pass or fail characteristic). MIL-STD-105E was cancelled in 1995 but is available in related documents such as ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, "Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes".
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It is usually done as products leave the factory, or in some cases even within the factory. Most often a producer supplies a consumer with several items and a decision to accept or reject the items is made by determining the number of defective items in a sample from the lot. The lot is accepted if
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is available. For example, multiple sampling plans use more than two samples to reach a conclusion. A shorter examination period and smaller sample sizes are features of this type of plan. Although the samples are taken at random, the sampling procedure is still reliable.
119:. 100% inspection does not guarantee 100% compliance and is too time-consuming and costly. Rather than evaluating all items, a specified sample is taken, inspected or tested, and a decision is made about accepting or rejecting the entire production lot. 130:
of the sampling plan. These are primarily statistical risks and do not necessarily imply that a defective product is intentionally being made or accepted. Plans can have a known average outgoing quality limit (AOQL).
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Eraldo Banovac, Igor Kuzle. Applicability of the LASPs in the electric-power industry. Proceedings of the International IEEE Conference EUROCON 2009, Saint Petersburg, Russia, May 18–23, 2009, pp. 1152-1157.
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is specified and the basis for acceptance or rejection (number of defects) is provided. MIL-STD-1916 is currently the preferred method of sampling for all Department of Defense (DoD) contracts.
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When a measured characteristic produces a number, other sampling plans, such as those based on MIL-STD-414, are often used. Compared with attribute sampling plans, these often use a smaller
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A single sampling plan for attributes is a statistical method by which the lot is accepted or rejected on the basis of one sample. Suppose that we have a lot of sizes
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ASTM E122 Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Characteristic of a Lot or Process
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Eraldo Banovac, DraĹľan Kozak. "An analytic review of the characteristics of the Lot Acceptance Sampling Plans used for acceptance of large lots".
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ASTM E141 Standard Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
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the number of defects falls below where the acceptance number or otherwise the lot is rejected.
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broadened the scope beyond final inspection to include all aspects of manufacturing. Broader
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to determine whether to accept or reject a production lot of material. It has been a common
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Acceptance sampling procedures became common during World War II. Sampling plans, such as
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ASTM E2234 Standard Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexedby AQL
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In general, acceptance sampling is employed when one or several of the following hold:
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ASTM E1994 Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
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is determined. If it is found the number of nonconforming is less than or equal to
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Several levels of inspection are provided and can be indexed to several AQLs. The
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Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes, JIS Z 9015-1:2006
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Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes, ISO 2859-1:1999
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E105 Standard Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
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that a production lot conforms with the requirements of
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ASTM E1402 Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling
185:is selected from the lot; and an acceptance number 398:Statistical Quality Control: A Modern Introduction 277: 257: 237: 217: 197: 177: 151: 430:De Feo, J. A., "Juran's Quality Handbook", 2016, 420:Pyzdek, T, "Quality Engineering Handbook", 2003, 103:. Some use of acceptance sampling still remains. 376:International Review of Electrical Engineering 352:Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 9th Edition 44:the cost of 100% inspection is very high; and 8: 475:Acceptance Sampling Calculators (SQC Online) 270: 250: 230: 210: 190: 164: 144: 72:and others and became frequently used as 111:Sampling provides one rational means of 342: 7: 135:Acceptance sampling for attributes 14: 16:Common quality control technique 47:100% inspection takes too long. 128:operating characteristic curve 87:include methodologies such as 1: 51:A wide variety of acceptance 30:technique used in industry. 122:Plans have known risks: an 89:statistical process control 512: 396:Montgomery, D. C. (2009). 311:for the same indexed AQL. 300: 265:and the acceptance number 159:; a random sample of size 85:quality management systems 350:Kreyszig, Erwin (2006). 124:acceptable quality limit 117:technical specifications 354:. Wiley. p. 1248. 303:Variables sampling plan 297:Variables sampling plan 41:testing is destructive; 279: 259: 239: 219: 199: 179: 178:{\displaystyle N<M} 153: 496:Sampling (statistics) 491:Quality control tools 280: 260: 240: 220: 200: 180: 154: 269: 249: 229: 209: 189: 163: 143: 68:, were developed by 24:statistical sampling 20:Acceptance sampling 331:Variables sampling 326:Acceptance testing 275: 255: 235: 215: 195: 175: 149: 436:978-1-25964-361-3 406:978-0-470-23397-9 361:978-0-471-48885-9 278:{\displaystyle B} 258:{\displaystyle N} 238:{\displaystyle B} 218:{\displaystyle B} 198:{\displaystyle B} 152:{\displaystyle M} 81:quality assurance 503: 408: 394: 388: 385: 379: 372: 366: 365: 347: 284: 282: 281: 276: 264: 262: 261: 256: 244: 242: 241: 236: 224: 222: 221: 216: 204: 202: 201: 196: 184: 182: 181: 176: 158: 156: 155: 150: 511: 510: 506: 505: 504: 502: 501: 500: 481: 480: 471: 417: 412: 411: 395: 391: 386: 382: 373: 369: 362: 349: 348: 344: 339: 317: 305: 299: 267: 266: 247: 246: 227: 226: 207: 206: 187: 186: 161: 160: 141: 140: 137: 109: 79:More recently, 70:Harold F. Dodge 62: 28:quality control 17: 12: 11: 5: 509: 507: 499: 498: 493: 483: 482: 479: 478: 470: 469:External links 467: 466: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 438: 428: 416: 413: 410: 409: 389: 380: 367: 360: 341: 340: 338: 335: 334: 333: 328: 323: 316: 313: 301:Main article: 298: 295: 274: 254: 234: 214: 194: 174: 171: 168: 148: 136: 133: 108: 105: 61: 58: 53:sampling plans 49: 48: 45: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 508: 497: 494: 492: 489: 488: 486: 476: 473: 472: 468: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 437: 433: 429: 427: 426:0-8247-4614-7 423: 419: 418: 414: 407: 403: 399: 393: 390: 384: 381: 377: 371: 368: 363: 357: 353: 346: 343: 336: 332: 329: 327: 324: 322: 321:Acceptability 319: 318: 314: 312: 310: 304: 296: 294: 292: 286: 272: 252: 232: 212: 192: 172: 169: 166: 146: 134: 132: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 106: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 75: 71: 67: 59: 57: 54: 46: 43: 40: 39: 38: 35: 31: 29: 25: 21: 397: 392: 383: 375: 370: 351: 345: 306: 287: 138: 121: 113:verification 110: 78: 63: 50: 36: 32: 19: 18: 309:sample size 291:sample size 66:MIL-STD-105 485:Categories 337:References 400:, Wiley, 107:Rationale 97:six sigma 74:standards 315:See also 101:ISO 9000 60:History 434:  424:  404:  358:  99:, and 415:Books 93:HACCP 22:uses 441:ASTM 432:ISBN 422:ISBN 402:ISBN 356:ISBN 170:< 487:: 285:. 95:, 91:, 76:. 364:. 273:B 253:N 233:B 213:B 193:B 173:M 167:N 147:M

Index

statistical sampling
quality control
sampling plans
MIL-STD-105
Harold F. Dodge
standards
quality assurance
quality management systems
statistical process control
HACCP
six sigma
ISO 9000
verification
technical specifications
acceptable quality limit
operating characteristic curve
sample size
Variables sampling plan
sample size
Acceptability
Acceptance testing
Variables sampling
ISBN
978-0-471-48885-9
ISBN
978-0-470-23397-9
ISBN
0-8247-4614-7
ISBN
978-1-25964-361-3

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