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powerful, inexpensive computers and specialty software. Various types of collision reconstruction software are used to recreate crash and crime scenes and to perform other useful tasks involved in reconstructing collisions. Collision reconstruction software is regularly used by law enforcement personnel and consultants to analyze a collision and to demonstrate what occurred in a collision. Examples of types of software used by collision reconstructionists are CAD (computer aided drawing) programs, vehicle specification databases, momentum and energy analysis programs, collision simulators, and photogrammetry software.
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engineering. When animations are used in a courtroom setting, they should be carefully scrutinized. Animation software can be easily misused, because motions which are not physically possible can be displayed. A reliable animation must be based on physical evidence and calculations which embody the laws of physics, and the animation should only be used to demonstrate in a visual fashion the underlying calculations made by the expert analyzing the case.
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recorded data parameters leading up to the crash, as well as recording the crash pulse (accelerations and or speed change, also known as delta-V). Some of the recorded pre-crash parameters include vehicle speed, brake status (ON/OFF), throttle position (%), ignition cycles, seat belt status, wheel speeds, steering wheel position (degrees), ABS operation, and others.
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to take measurements and create computer models used in the analysis of the collision. The 3D data can be incorporated into many of the computer simulation programs used in collision reconstruction. The 3D point clouds and models can also be used for creating visuals to illustrate the analysis and to show views of witnesses and the involved drivers.
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Motorcycle collision reconstruction is similar to other collision reconstruction techniques and relies on the same basic principles of conservation of energy and momentum as automobile collision reconstruction plus adds the specifics of motorcycle dynamics and rider control. Proper reconstruction of
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Crash analysis dates back to shortly after the first car crashed. The field got more analytical in the 1930s and in 1940 there was the first judicial opinion accepting the analysis of speed through measuring skid length and using that information with the principle of
Conservation of Energy. NY State
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utilize a team deployment called MAIT ("Multidisciplinary
Accident Investigation Team"). Each team consists of inspectors with specialized training in traffic collision reconstruction, traffic engineering, automotive engineering, and vehicle dynamics. MAITs are composed of one CHP sergeant (the team
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As part of the investigation of a vehicle collision, an investigator typically documents evidence at the collision site and the damage to the vehicles. The use of 3-dimensional laser scanning has become a common method for documentation. The product of scanning is a 3D point cloud that can be used
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is the process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the causes and events during a vehicle collision. Reconstructionists conduct collision analysis and reconstruction to identify the cause of a collision and contributing factors including the role of the driver(s), vehicle(s),
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During braking, riders may overuse the motorcycle brakes, resulting in locking the front and/or rear wheel. If the front wheel locks, the rider will almost certainly lose control and crash. If the rider loses control and crashes while braking, the motorcycle and rider usually separate and slide in
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typically depicts all or part of a collision sequence in a video format so that non-technical parties, such as juries, can easily understand the expert's opinions regarding that event. To be physically realistic, an animation needs to be created by someone with a knowledge of physics, dynamics and
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Vehicular collision reconstruction analysis includes processing data collecting, evaluating possible hypotheses, creating models, recreating collisions, testing, and utilizing software simulations. Like many other technical activities, collision reconstruction has been revolutionized by the use of
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Scene inspections and data recovery involves visiting the scene of the collision and investigating all of the vehicles involved in the collision. Investigations involve collecting evidence such as scene photographs, video of the collision, measurements of the scene, eyewitness testimony, and legal
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conducts On-Scene
Collision Investigation (Level-2), Advanced Collision Analysis (Level-3), and Forensic Collision Reconstruction (Level-4) as well as Commercial Vehicle Collision and Pedestrian/Bicycle Collision courses at the Pacific Region Training Center (PRTC) located in Chilliwack, British
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The field of motorcycle collision research was pioneered by Hugh H. Hurt Jr. His reconstructions of motorcycle collisions helped to explain that proper helmets reduced head injuries, most motorcyclists needed more driver training to control skids, and a large percentage of motorcycle collisions
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Many new vehicles are equipped with onboard "Crash Data
Recorders or Event Data Recorders" (CDR or EDR). The Bosch CDR-Tool is a commercially available tool allowing the investigator to image (download) crash data directly from a supported vehicle. The CDR-Tool software generates a report of
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Tesla, Hyundai, and Kia as well as most heavy commercial vehicles are equipped with some sort of event recording, but are not supported by the Bosch CDR-Tool equipment. To access information in these other vehicles, a diagnostic retrieval tool unique to each manufacturer is required.
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Motorcycle collision reconstruction follows reverse a chronological order of events, working from the point of rest of the motorcycle and/or rider backwards to a point in time before to the start of the collision sequence to when possible actions could have prevented the crash.
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In this next phase, the rider typically engages in some type of avoidance using steering or braking using the front brake, rear brake or a combination. Physical evidence at the scene combined with statements from witnesses can give clues as to what type of avoidance occurred.
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utilize full-time
Forensic Collision Reconstructionists and Analysts as a service line. In British Columbia, they are referred to as ICARS (Integrated Collision Analysis and Reconstruction Service). ICARS units are located in each RCMP District within the Province of B.C.
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After impact, additional movement to the point of final rest can occur. The rider frequently separates from the motorcycle and travels independently to the final point of rest. Analysis of post-impact travel distance can also determine speeds associated with the collision.
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funded the first national guidelines for the standardization training in the field of traffic collision reconstruction in 1985. This led to the establishment of "Accreditation
Commission for Traffic Accident Reconstruction" (ACTAR), an industry accreditation group.
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roadway and general environment. Physics and engineering principles are the basis for these analyses and may involve the use of software for calculations and simulations. Collision reconstruction is sometimes used as the basis of
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The bike and/or rider may collide with other object like a vehicle or guardrail. Damage caused by impact can be evaluated and combined with sliding distance to help determine the motorcycle's speed during the collision sequence.
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can often allow calculation of the original speed of a vehicle for example. Vehicle speeds are frequently underestimated by a driver, so an independent estimate of speed is often essential in collisions. Inspection of the
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After the analysis is completed, forensic engineers compile report findings, diagrams, and animations to form their expert testimony and conclusions relating to the collision.
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The
Institute of Police Technology and Management (IPTM) is a recognized institute for Crash Investigation for Law Enforcement as well as professional agencies.
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This is the phase where the rider perceives a collision hazard and decides on a response. Perception/reaction time is estimated at 1.1 to 1.5 seconds.
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Northwestern
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a motorcycle collision requires detailed knowledge of motorcycle dynamics plus knowledge of how motorcycles react to rider input.
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Columbia. These courses are also available to Non-RCMP Police Agencies.
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City Magistrate Horn, 20 N.Y.S. (92nd) 149 (1940) 174 N.Y. Misc 235.
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Hugh Hurt Jr., Engineer Who Studied Motorcycle Accidents, Dies at 81
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the same trajectory they were moving in before the crash.
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depositions. Additional factors include steering angles,
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Institute of Police Technology and Management (IPTM)
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
887:CRU vehicles at the scene of a large accident in
1213:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
679:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
657:safer, as well as improving safety aspects of
1450:List of people who died in traffic collisions
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1123:Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction Techniques
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1058:"Tesla Event Data Recorder information page"
27:Process for investigating vehicle collisions
1099:"Brake Reaction Times of Unalerted Drivers"
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1002:, 2009-12-03. Retrieved on Feb. 23, 2010.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
136:Roadside investigative training exercise
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1135:Pacific Region Training Centre (PRTC)
1085:Using Accident Reconstruction Experts
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756:contamination, or obstacles such as
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
857:Training facilities (North America)
807:Motorcycle collision reconstruction
69:"Traffic collision reconstruction"
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1298:Traffic collision reconstruction
1125:, Kittel, Mark, P.E. 2012-06-11.
1038:"Bosch CDR News and Diagnostics"
1013:"The Ferrari That Split in Half"
630:Traffic collision reconstruction
518:Traffic collision reconstruction
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371:Questioned document examination
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1445:List of level crossing crashes
693:Skid marks on an asphalt road.
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897:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
863:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
829:Avoidance – braking/steering:
1463:Template:Automotive handling
1381:Assured clear distance ahead
1097:Taoka, George (March 1989).
922:Assured clear distance ahead
1406:Lists of traffic collisions
1391:Driving under the influence
189:Bloodstain pattern analysis
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1494:Law enforcement techniques
1345:Multiple-vehicle collision
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488:Fire accelerant detection
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1440:List of bridge failures
1330:Deer–vehicle collisions
1168:, Accessed 2014-Oct-17.
1154:Northwestern University
947:Total stopping distance
391:Social network analysis
18:Accident reconstruction
1355:Run-off-road collision
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548:Perry Mason syndrome
336:Fingerprint analysis
54:improve this article
1499:Forensic techniques
1288:Vehicle extrication
998:, Martin, Douglas,
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762:event data recorder
571:forensic entomology
508:Polymer engineering
466:Related disciplines
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361:Gloveprint analysis
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311:Body identification
1489:Traffic collisions
1386:Distracted driving
1350:Rear-end collision
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1195:2014-10-22 at the
1140:2014-10-18 at the
1000:The New York Times
982:2011-02-22 at the
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209:Forensic genealogy
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52:Please help
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1414:Before 2000
1340:Jackknifing
1268:Hit and run
1256:Main topics
1112:(3): 19–21.
1106:ITE Journal
758:road debris
754:diesel fuel
538:Crime scene
498:Linguistics
478:Engineering
443:Photography
321:Colorimetry
287:Social work
1483:Categories
1043:2014-10-17
1023:2010-02-24
953:References
942:Skid marks
889:North York
772:Technology
643:fatalities
543:CSI effect
513:Statistics
306:Accounting
277:Psychology
272:Psychiatry
251:Toxicology
236:Palynology
216:Entomology
80:newspapers
1396:Road rage
1072:"Product"
1017:Slate.com
750:black ice
741:skid mark
733:Witnesses
719:, engine
558:Skid mark
356:Profiling
316:Chemistry
241:Pathology
226:Limnology
194:Dentistry
1283:Rollover
1193:Archived
1138:Archived
980:Archived
911:See also
785:Analysis
655:highways
591:Category
246:Podiatry
231:Medicine
145:a series
143:Part of
891:in 2014
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705:braking
669:History
586:Outline
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1374:Causes
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