426:, as is used at Cambridge. At Oxford, the bachelors' and masters' hoods use simple hoods that have lost their cape and retain only the cowl and liripipe. Some universities only have a cape and cowl and no liripipe or just consist a cape only; these are classed separately under the Aberdeen shape style. Various other universities have different shapes and patterns of hoods, in some cases corresponding to the pattern current at the ancient universities at the time when they were founded, and in others representing a completely new design.
209:. On such days, doctors of the university may wear their scarlet 'festal' or full dress gowns instead of their undress ('black') gown. This is more significant for the ancient universities such as Oxford and Cambridge where academic dress is worn frequently, the black undress gown being worn on normal occasions as opposed to the bright red gowns. Since most universities have abandoned academic dress for all but the graduation ceremony (where doctors always wear scarlet), the significance of scarlet days has all but disappeared.
190:, have been authorised to wear garments of brighter colours such as scarlet, purple or red. In many older universities, doctors have scarlet dress gowns or robes (sometimes called "festal robes") which are worn on special occasions. There are two distinctive shapes used in the UK for doctor's gown; the Oxford doctor's shape and the Cambridge doctor's shape. The former has bell-shaped sleeves, the latter has long open sleeves. Another rarer form is the Cambridge MusD dress gown which is a pattern between the two.
194:
type of gown is rarely seen or worn nowadays as many wear the dress gown instead; there are fewer applications for the undress gown in normal university life. However, the undress gown still plays a part in the older universities where academic dress is usually worn. At
Cambridge, each doctor has its own undress gown, each trimmed differently, meaning one can identify the degree of the wearer without the hood (the same is also the case for bachelors and masters gowns at Cambridge). St Andrews prescribes a
93:. This lists the various styles or patterns of academic dress and assigns them a code or a Groves Classification Number. For example, the Cambridge BA style gown is designated and a hood in the Cambridge full-shape is designated , etc. Because the universities are free to design their own academicals using a wide range of available gown, hood and cap patterns, colours and materials at their and the robemaker's disposal, the academicals of two given universities rarely clash with each other.
1864:
1449:
755:
possessing
Cambridge degrees wear the gown and hood of the highest degree they currently possess. After the ceremony day, they would wear the correct gown and hood for their new degree. During the ceremony they would kneel in front of the Vice-Chancellor or their deputy (who always wears the cope) with the hands closed together whilst the VC encloses the graduand's hands between their own and admits them with a Latin formula.
1838:
175:
450:
148:(MA), are substantially the same throughout the English-speaking world. Both are traditionally made of black cloth, (although occasionally the gown is dyed in one of the university's colours) and have the material at the back of the gown gathered into a yoke. The BA gown has bell-shaped sleeves, while the MA gown has long sleeves closed at the end, with the arm passing through a slit above the elbow.
231:, a scarlet undergraduate gown with a velveteen collar is worn by members of United College, including the majority of students at the university. Members of St Mary's College, which is coterminous with the School of Divinity, instead wear a black gown with a violet saltire cross on the left facing: with open sleeves for undergraduates and with closed sleeves for postgraduates. Students at the other
19:
640:
464:
441:
shirt upwards. The correct way to wear the hood is to allow the neckband to naturally hook itself onto the collar under the tie which secures the hood in place. Sometimes, the hood is worn too forward and down being hooked onto the jacket button or pinned which causes the hood to sit poorly and be more likely to slip down the shoulders like a shawl.
299:
375:
630:
or upside-down iron, which was basically a mortarboard but with a triangle instead of a square for the top board for masters. These caps were unpopular with students who preferred the square cap and they soon fell into disuse. The tricorn is still used as the official hat of the
Registrar and the Dan
485:
or square, commonly known as the mortarboard, has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top center of the board. Properly worn, the cap is parallel to the ground.
440:
The neckband of the hood usually has a loop of which original function is to hook onto the button of a cassock. Since many do not wear cassocks for graduation, the loop is sometimes hooked onto a shirt button instead. However, since the hood is rather heavy this has a tendency to pull the lightweight
154:
Another type of gown is called the lay type gown, which is similar to the MA gown in that it has long closed sleeves, but does not have a yoke. Instead, there is a flap collar with the gathers underneath it. Thus it is less voluminous than the clerical type gown. This gown is often used for the dress
738:
Prior to admission to the degree, the graduate will normally wear either the undergraduate commoner's or scholar's gown (if being admitted to the BA), or the graduate student's gown or the gown and hood of their previous Oxford/external university degree (if being admitted to a higher degree). After
743:
and assume the gowns and hoods of their new degrees and then return to the
Theatre in their new gowns and hoods. For certain degrees such as the higher doctorates and MAs, if they profess the Christian faith, the graduand may (if they wish) kneel in front of the (Vice-)Chancellor and be admitted in
730:
At degree ceremonies, graduands often dress in the academic dress of the degree they are about to be admitted to prior to the actual graduation ceremony. This is not the case at several of the older universities in the UK, most notably, Oxford, Cambridge and St
Andrews which have their own distinct
433:
of hoods in academic dress represents the rank and/or faculty of the wearer. In many
Commonwealth universities bachelors wear hoods edged or lined with white rabbit fur, while masters wear hoods lined with coloured silk (originally ermine or other expensive fur). Doctors' hoods are normally made of
347:
In Durham, the early statutes permit the wearing of a convocation habit but 'under the gown' though later statutes say 'with gown' instead of under it. The Durham habit survives as part of the dress for the
Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor which are worn under their laced gowns. There are two forms;
254:
In general, undergraduate gowns are seldom worn (even in institutions that prescribe them) except in the older universities. Most new universities do not prescribe them since academic dress has fallen out of daily use so students would hardly, if ever, wear them. Some
University College Chapels use
556:
As with other forms of headgear, traditionally academic caps were not generally worn indoors by men (other than by the
Chancellor or other high officials), but would have been carried instead, while women would have worn their caps at graduation ceremonies. The misunderstanding of this traditional
509:
to mourn friends and family relatives. Instead of a button and tassel, two wide ribbons are drawn from corner to corner of the top board forming an 'X'. Where the ribbons intersect a rosette of ribbon is attached. There could also be 9 ribbon 'butterflies' at the back part of the skull to indicate
193:
The other form of doctor's gown is the undress gown. This is a black gown (which may or may not be distinct from the master's gown depending on the university; if it is, it usually is trimmed with lace, braid or other subtle indicators of rank) worn for less formal occasions such as lectures. This
552:
may be worn in some circumstances instead of the mortarboard. Those clerics who possess a doctorate wear the black biretta with four ridges — instead of the usual three — and with piping and pom of the colour of the discipline, thus, e.g., emerald for canon law, scarlet for sacred theology, etc.
165:
Some gowns may have 'strings' (i.e. grosgrain ribbons) attached to them behind the lapels. These in the past were tied together to hold the gown together but are now merely indicators of rank, such as in
Cambridge where strings indicate one is a graduate of the university (rather than a graduate
223:
Undergraduates at many older universities also wear gowns; the most common essentially a smaller knee-length version of the BA gown, or the Oxford Commoners gown which is sleeveless lay type gown and has two streamers at the back at Oxford. At Cambridge, most colleges have their own distinctive
754:
Prior to admission, undergraduates wear their College undergraduate gown with the hood of the highest degree they are about to receive, graduates with degrees from other universities wear the BA/MA status gown with the hood of the highest degree they are about to receive and graduates already
100:
was founded in 2000 to promote the study of academic dress. It has publications and activities to do with academic dress and published an updated version of Shaw's book on British and Irish academical dress in 2012, with a second volume covering non-degree awarding bodies published in 2014.
497:
comprises a cluster of silk threads which are fixed together and fastened by a button at one end, and fixed at the centre of the headpiece. The loose strands are allowed to fall freely over the board edge, typically falling over the left front side of the cap. Often the strands are
348:
one is sleeveless like the Oxford pattern and the other is sleeved so more like a cassock than a habit. In theory, doctors could wear the sleeveless type over their black undress gowns like in Oxford but this is very rare as many do not know that they are entitled to it.
309:
Another form of dress, now rarely seen, is the habit, which is worn over a black gown. Only Oxford and Cambridge (though in theory Durham too) use habits and mainly reserve their use for very formal ceremonial occasions and to a specific group of academics or officials.
198:-like gown with a row of buttons running down the front, coloured according to the degree, and is meant to be worn closed. This gown is worn as the undress gown for higher doctorates, with a Cambridge-type gown for full dress. The two may be worn together or separately.
689:. They wear a velvet mortarboard, similarly trimmed with gold braid and tassel. This form of dress is not strictly 'academical' but it is typical dress for those in high positions. Other than this gown, they may have other distinct forms of dress, such as the scarlet
761:
Prior to admission, graduands wear only the gown of the degree they are about to be admitted to. During the ceremony, they kneel in front of the Chancellor or Vice-Chancellor who formally admits them by tapping them on the head with a folded round cap whilst the
655:
386:
The hood was originally a functional garment, worn to shield the head from the elements. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. It is also worn by clergy and lay readers of the
561:
in a number of universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland which have as a common theme that idea that the wearing of the cap was abandoned in protest at the admission of women to the university. This story is told at the
598:
where the policy is that academic headgear is not worn at graduation ceremonies, whilst some universities have abandoned headwear for socio-political reasons or because the designer intended it, such as is the case of
590:
threw their hats into the River Tyne. However, most universities in the UK no longer enforce different rules for men and women. Caps are worn at graduation ceremonies at the vast majority of English universities.
1516:
708:
Officers of lower rank may wear plain black lay type gowns, sometimes with gold or silver trim, or ordinary gowns in university colours. In general, officials do not wear hoods with their gowns.
395:, and it is common in cathedrals, churches, and chapels for the choirmaster and/or members of the choir to wear an academic hood to which they are entitled during services, over their
336:, a large scarlet cloak with an ermine shoulder piece worn by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge, or a deputy, when admitting to degrees, and by anyone presenting new higher doctors or
340:
for admission to their degrees. The cope was once used by Vice-Chancellors of some universities outside Cambridge in the past but the only other university that still uses it is the
631:
Dare is still officially prescribed for undergraduates; however, because undergraduate gowns are extremely rarely, if ever, worn pressure for abolition of the cap has not occurred.
766:
puts the hood of their new degree on them. Other ancient Scottish universities, like Aberdeen, where it is the sacrist who puts the hood on the graduate, follow a similar practice.
1183:
81:
There is a distinction between different types of academic dress. Most recently, gowns, hoods and caps are categorised into their shape and patterns by what may be known as the
1558:
1650:
586:
has a similar legend as to why undergraduate academic dress does not contain a mortarboard; it is stated that the first cohort of independent Newcastle graduates from
317:
habit used at Oxford is a scarlet sleeveless garment worn over the black gown, with the sleeves of the gown pulled through the armholes. It is similar to a bishop's
1574:
697:
worn in certain circumstances by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge or his/her deputy and by higher doctors presenting candidates for degrees, which was once worn by
1718:
1713:
1672:
1667:
251:) are also entitled to wear the red undergraduate gown, however the practice is less common at these institutions, restricted mainly to certain formal occasions.
1703:
1620:
258:
In the past, undergraduates wore gowns according to their rank; for noblemen they wore coloured gowns with gold gimp lace, buttons and other decorations whilst
151:
There are two types of yokes that are used for gowns. The more traditional is the curved yoke, whilst the square or straight yoke is used more in modern times.
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1708:
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22:
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The hood is nearly always worn with a gown, though there are some exceptions, such as Oxford doctors who do not wear a hood with their festal robes.
1640:
1253:
964:
1899:
1757:
1747:
355:
which was the same as the Oxford habit except that it had two long disused sleeves dangling behind and was used by lay doctors at Cambridge, the
1752:
158:
In the Commonwealth, gowns are worn open, while in the United States it has become common for gowns to close at the front, as did the original
1068:
Fowler, Appendix VIII: "CONVOCATION HABIT: Scarlet cassimere, with palatinate purple buttons, to be worn under the gown at all Convocations."
434:
scarlet cloth and lined with coloured silk. Faculty colours were introduced by the University of London and many universities followed suit.
1483:
48:
and beyond. The academic square cap was invented in the UK as well as the hood which developed from the lay dress of the medieval period.
594:
The misinterpretation of some regulations has led to the confusion that certain universities do not prescribe headwear, most notably the
1739:
1625:
1537:
1783:
868:
843:
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1724:
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them as choir robes as an inexpensive attire which can be seamlessly worn alongside clerical and postgraduate colleagues.
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1283:
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817:
798:
82:
1156:
907:
117:, a garment resembling a long black cape. In early medieval times, all students at the universities were in at least
362:
The Cambridge Proctors' ruff and the Oxford Proctors' tippet could also be considered another version of a habit, a
1478:
418:
Hoods comprise two basic patterns: full shape or simple shape. The traditional full-shape hood consists of a cape,
1894:
1778:
611:
408:
404:
322:
575:
228:
604:
26:
1884:
1841:
1239:
659:
563:
454:
359:
which was a shorter version of the Oxford habit worn by MAs, and the tabard which was similar to a BA gown.
341:
303:
240:
59:
1027:
1773:
674:
579:
321:
except that it is worn closed with two large buttons. It is worn by doctors at meetings of Convocation or
275:
244:
187:
701:. In the past, Chancellors may also wear full court dress with breeches and court shoes like that of the
1868:
1016:
571:
267:
236:
75:
861:
Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland - Volume II: Non-degree-awarding Bodies (Volume 2)
521:, rather than a trencher. Other types of hats used, especially in some universities in the UK, are the
626:' cap which is a skull cap with a narrow rim around the top for bachelors; the other was known as the
647:
583:
475:
337:
248:
166:
student whose undergraduate degree was awarded at a different institution), or just for decoration.
1329:
1299:
526:
522:
271:
133:
978:
740:
698:
530:
457:
388:
263:
681:
may wear a black damask lay type gown (sometimes with a long train) trimmed with gold or silver
744:'the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit' whilst being tapped on the head with the
1488:
864:
839:
600:
587:
567:
510:
mourning for the Sovereign, another member of the Royal Family, or the University Chancellor.
363:
30:
1473:
1422:
719:
686:
141:
1448:
1365:
1056:
1034:
821:
802:
702:
678:
595:
430:
259:
86:
537:(at Sussex). In some universities, such as Oxford, women may wear an Oxford ladies' cap.
290:
wore black gowns of decreasing flamboyance based on their standing in the universities.
1889:
1808:
1803:
1375:
1309:
1262:
776:
667:
206:
145:
97:
55:
41:
673:
Officers of the universities generally wear distinctive and more elaborate dress. The
1878:
1427:
513:
In many universities, holders of doctorates wear a soft rounded headpiece known as a
45:
174:
1463:
1339:
1319:
654:
643:
623:
615:
558:
534:
514:
506:
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118:
1143:
125:
or other clerical dress, and restricted to clothes of black or other dark colour.
18:
993:
The Regulation of Undergraduate Academic Dress at Oxford and Cambridge, 1660—1832
1818:
1813:
1468:
1334:
314:
202:
67:
1049:
933:
814:
795:
155:
of officers and graduates of some degrees (especially at Oxford and Durham).
836:
Shaw's Academical Dress of Great Britain and Ireland 3rd Revised ed. Edition
518:
412:
63:
463:
1160:
639:
298:
1433:
1370:
763:
619:
545:
541:
529:(a reinvention of the ancient form of the mortarboard, worn by Cambridge
423:
400:
392:
287:
283:
374:
128:
1360:
1324:
1314:
1304:
711:
627:
549:
396:
318:
195:
51:
1380:
494:
183:
71:
62:
also follow British cuts and design of academic dress, most notably
1018:
Statutes and Ordinances of the University of Cambridge, Chapter II.
70:
though some are beginning to evolve away from British cuts such as
1823:
1406:
745:
715:
653:
650:, wearing his official academic dress as the university chancellor
638:
499:
462:
448:
373:
297:
279:
173:
127:
17:
1231:
140:
The gowns most commonly worn, that of the clerical type gowns of
58:
given the common history and proximity of each other. Many other
1401:
1396:
1355:
694:
682:
419:
333:
1235:
468:
78:
has slowly introduced American gowns that close at the front.
739:
being formally admitted during the ceremony, they exit the
908:"Shepherd & Woodward: Oxford University student gowns"
502:
together to form a cord with the end threads left untied.
366:, but the use of these are restricted to said officials.
897:
Hargreaves-Mawdsley, pp. 91-101, 128-135, 146, 148-149
415:
but this is generally considered inappropriate today.
351:
Other habits that have fallen into disuse include the
1852:
1206:
The Academical Dress of The University of East Anglia
1184:"The Australian: King's bans mortarboards as old hat"
201:
In the universities of the UK there are days called
54:
academic dress is virtually the same as that in the
1796:
1766:
1738:
1696:
1608:
1599:
1583:
1567:
1546:
1530:
1504:
1497:
1456:
1415:
1389:
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1292:
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411:). Historically it may have been worn also at the
1037:Photo of Vice-Chancellor, Dr. McCrady, wearing a
1028:Andrew Cusack: The 'New South' Scorns an Old Mace
930:"CU Cap & Gown Society: Gown-spotter's guide"
38:academic dress of the United Kingdom and Ireland
1050:Vice Chancellors of the University of the South
979:"Governance - Academic Dress of the University"
178:The festal gown and hood of the Cambridge MusD
1247:
1157:"FAQs - Congregations - Newcastle University"
489:The mortarboard may also be referred to as a
8:
1144:Klerikale Kopfbedeckungen: Kopfbedeckungen 1
995:, The Burgon Society Annual 2004, pp. 26—41.
325:by those presenting candidates for degrees.
618:that were prescribed. One is known as the '
1605:
1501:
1273:
1254:
1240:
1232:
40:has a long history and has influenced the
884:
882:
880:
614:is infamous for two new hats designed by
1859:
1517:Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
787:
525:(mostly at Scottish universities), the
777:Lambeth degree academic dress protocol
378:A modern reproduction of the original
965:"Senate Office - Academic Dress Code"
805:(6 May 2007) Classification of Styles
718:often wear black lay-type gowns with
7:
1059:Shows the various VCs wearing copes.
453:The Bishop Andrewes cap as used for
182:Since medieval times, doctors, like
109:The modern gown is derived from the
328:Even more rare and ancient is the
834:Groves, Nicholas (February 2012).
507:mourning version of the square cap
14:
1182:Michael Cottrell (12 June 2008).
382:BA hood in Cambridge full-shape
1862:
1837:
1836:
1447:
954:Hargreaves-Mawdsley, pp. 138-145
658:A Deputy Vice-Chancellor of the
548:— clergy, the traditional black
233:ancient universities of Scotland
121:, and were required to wear the
932:. Srcf.ucam.org. Archived from
219:Undergraduate gowns in Scotland
1900:Academia in the United Kingdom
796:The Design of Academical Dress
635:Dress for university officials
132:An alternative coloured gown,
1:
1284:Groves classification system
815:Burgon Society: Introduction
380:St David's College, Lampeter
83:Groves classification system
1186:. Theaustralian.news.com.au
910:. Shepherdandwoodward.co.uk
1916:
1479:Norman Hargreaves-Mawdsley
493:(or simply trencher). The
216:
1832:
1445:
859:Groves, Nicholas (2014).
644:The Lord Patten of Barnes
612:University of East Anglia
391:in choir dress, over the
1125:vol. 5 (2006); pp. 80-89
1078:Burgon Transactions 2005
1033:23 December 2010 at the
1005:Burgon Transactions 2005
801:23 February 2009 at the
576:University of St Andrews
302:One of the copes of the
229:University of St Andrews
660:University of Cambridge
564:University of Cambridge
455:University of Cambridge
403:for the choir offices (
342:University of the South
304:University of Cambridge
170:Dress and undress gowns
1217:Shaw (1966); pp. 94-95
670:
651:
580:Trinity College Dublin
478:
460:
383:
306:
179:
137:
91:Hood and Gown Patterns
60:Commonwealth countries
33:
1651:Liverpool John Moores
657:
642:
605:King's College London
572:University of Bristol
466:
452:
377:
301:
235:(the Universities of
177:
131:
76:University of Toronto
27:King's College London
21:
888:Shaw (1995); pp. 4-7
794:The Burgon Society:
722:and a black bonnet.
648:University of Oxford
646:, Chancellor of the
584:Newcastle University
557:practice has led to
476:University of Sussex
85:, which is based on
1725:Undergraduate gowns
1330:Square academic cap
1300:Bishop Andrewes cap
1146:(image heavy; 700+)
1123:Burgon Transactions
1055:30 May 2010 at the
820:22 May 2013 at the
699:Doctors of Divinity
603:and her design for
527:Bishop Andrewes cap
264:gentleman-commoners
213:Undergraduate gowns
134:The Open University
1804:The Burgon Society
1090:Burgon Annual 2003
705:of Great Britain.
671:
662:wearing the cope (
652:
479:
461:
389:Anglican Communion
384:
307:
180:
138:
34:
1850:
1849:
1792:
1791:
1734:
1733:
1609:England and Wales
1489:Vivienne Westwood
1443:
1442:
1113:Shaw (1995); p. 8
1092:(2004); pp. 18–23
1080:(2006); pp. 42-58
1007:(2006); pp. 50-53
601:Vivienne Westwood
588:Durham University
568:Durham University
31:Vivienne Westwood
1907:
1895:Robes and cloaks
1867:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1840:
1839:
1809:Academic scarves
1606:
1502:
1474:Charles Franklyn
1451:
1274:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1227:
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1218:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1159:. Archived from
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1147:
1141:
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1120:
1114:
1111:
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1093:
1087:
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996:
991:William Gibson,
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968:
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889:
886:
875:
874:
856:
850:
849:
831:
825:
812:
806:
792:
260:fellow-commoners
224:design of gown.
142:Bachelor of Arts
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1828:
1788:
1767:Other countries
1762:
1730:
1692:
1595:
1579:
1563:
1542:
1526:
1493:
1452:
1439:
1411:
1385:
1344:
1288:
1265:
1260:
1230:
1226:Venables (1998)
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1163:on 17 July 2015
1155:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1101:Groves (2008),
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1057:Wayback Machine
1048:
1044:
1035:Wayback Machine
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1022:
1015:
1011:
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999:
990:
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976:
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958:
953:
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726:British customs
703:Lord Chancellor
679:Vice-Chancellor
637:
596:Open University
447:
429:The colour and
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207:red letter days
172:
113:worn under the
107:
87:Nicholas Groves
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582:among others.
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409:Evening Prayer
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353:cappa manicata
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146:Master of Arts
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98:Burgon Society
56:United Kingdom
42:academic dress
29:, designed by
23:Academic dress
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559:urban legends
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523:John Knox cap
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1464:Cecil Beaton
1432:
1340:Tudor bonnet
1320:Doctoral hat
1222:
1213:
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1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1151:
1139:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1102:
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1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1045:
1039:cappa clausa
1038:
1023:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
987:
973:
959:
950:
938:. Retrieved
934:the original
924:
912:. Retrieved
902:
893:
863:. Lulu.com.
860:
854:
838:. Lulu.com.
835:
829:
824:(2 Nov 2008)
810:
790:
758:
751:
735:
731:traditions.
729:
710:
707:
691:cappa clausa
690:
672:
664:cappa clausa
663:
624:Mickey Mouse
616:Cecil Beaton
609:
593:
555:
539:
515:Tudor bonnet
512:
504:
491:trencher cap
488:
483:academic cap
480:
439:
436:
428:
417:
385:
361:
356:
352:
350:
346:
344:in America.
330:cappa clausa
329:
327:
323:Congregation
312:
308:
257:
253:
226:
222:
203:scarlet days
200:
192:
181:
164:
159:
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153:
150:
139:
122:
119:minor orders
115:cappa clausa
114:
110:
108:
95:
90:
80:
50:
37:
35:
15:
1819:Legal dress
1814:Honor cords
1575:Santo Tomas
1568:Philippines
1484:George Shaw
1469:John Burgon
1335:Student cap
1277:Terminology
1208:. pp. 11–12
759:St Andrews:
544:— and some
505:There is a
357:cappa nigra
315:Convocation
68:New Zealand
1879:Categories
1719:St Andrews
1673:Nottingham
1668:Manchester
1498:By country
1270:Components
783:References
752:Cambridge:
675:Chancellor
533:) and the
276:pensioners
217:See also:
1704:Edinburgh
1621:Cambridge
1512:Melbourne
1505:Australia
413:Eucharist
288:servitors
284:battelers
272:commoners
241:Edinburgh
188:cardinals
144:(BA) and
74:of which
64:Australia
1842:Category
1797:See also
1758:Stanford
1748:Columbia
1697:Scotland
1636:Imperial
1584:Thailand
1559:National
1522:Tasmania
1434:Sub fusc
1371:Liripipe
1293:Headwear
1190:28 April
1103:Hood Key
1053:Archived
1031:Archived
940:28 April
914:28 April
818:Archived
799:Archived
771:See also
764:bedellus
712:Marshals
677:and the
620:Dan Dare
546:Anglican
542:Catholic
424:liripipe
401:surplice
393:surplice
268:scholars
245:Aberdeen
1753:Harvard
1709:Glasgow
1688:Warwick
1616:Bristol
1547:Ireland
1361:Epitoge
1325:Faluche
1315:Couleur
1305:Biretta
1167:16 July
741:Theatre
736:Oxford:
628:tricorn
550:biretta
500:plaited
474:of the
405:Morning
397:cassock
319:chimere
237:Glasgow
227:At the
196:cassock
184:bishops
46:America
1855:Portal
1779:France
1678:Oxford
1661:King's
1656:London
1631:Exeter
1626:Durham
1554:Dublin
1538:McGill
1531:Canada
1457:People
1381:Tippet
867:
842:
716:bedels
622:' or '
574:, the
570:, the
535:pileus
495:tassel
472:pileus
431:lining
422:, and
364:mantle
280:sizars
249:Dundee
72:Canada
1890:Gowns
1824:Praxe
1784:Spain
1774:China
1683:Wales
1646:Leeds
1423:Bands
1407:Khrui
1390:Gowns
1376:Stole
1349:Hoods
746:Bible
720:bands
687:frogs
294:Habit
136:, MEd
123:cappa
52:Irish
1641:Kent
1402:Gown
1397:Cope
1366:Hood
1356:Cowl
1192:2010
1169:2015
942:2010
916:2010
865:ISBN
840:ISBN
714:and
695:cope
685:and
683:lace
610:The
578:and
540:For
481:The
467:The
420:cowl
407:and
399:and
370:Hood
334:cope
313:The
286:and
247:and
186:and
160:roba
111:roba
105:Gown
96:The
66:and
36:The
693:or
531:DDs
519:tam
517:or
469:PhD
458:DDs
445:Cap
338:BDs
332:or
205:or
44:of
25:of
1881::
879:^
607:.
566:,
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
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243:,
239:,
162:.
1857::
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
1194:.
1171:.
981:.
967:.
944:.
918:.
873:.
848:.
748:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
