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177:. This in turn causes hip rotational instability putting increased pressure on the labrum. Traumatic injuries are most commonly seen in athletes who participate in contact or high-impact sports like football, soccer, or golf. The prevalence rate for traumatic hip injuries that causes a tear of the labrum is very low. Less than 25% of all patients can relate a specific incident to their torn labrum; however, they are often a result of a dislocation or fracture. Falling on one's side causes a blunt trauma to the greater trochanter of the femur. Since there is very little soft tissue to diminish the force between the impact and the
204:
524:
200:, which leads to the head being non-spherical. The second deformity is referred to as a pincer deformity and it is due to an excess growth of the acetabular socket. The third type of FAI is a combination of the first two deformities. When either abnormality is present, it changes the position of the femoral head in the hip socket. The increased stresses that the femur and or acetabulum experience may lead to a fracture of the acetabular rim or a detachment of the overstressed labrum.
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157:. Incidents of labrum tears increase with age, suggesting that they may also be caused by deterioration through the aging process. Labrum tears in athletes can occur from a single event or recurring trauma. Running can cause labrum tears due to the labrum being used more for weight bearing and taking excessive force while at the end-range motion of the leg: hyperabduction, hyperextension,
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25:
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An acetabular labrum tear can occur in a variety of ways such as frequent twisting movement, direct trauma, or degeneration. But many hip labral tears are not directly related to any specific action, making it difficult to prevent such an injury. It may be possible to lower the risk by strengthening
244:
In the United States acetabular labrum tears usually occur in the anterior or anterior-superior area, possibly due to a sudden change from labrum to acetabular cartilage. The most common labrum tears in Japan are in the posterior region, likely due to the customary practice of sitting on the floor.
454:
One way to prevent a hip labrum tear is to decrease the pressure on the anterior labrum region. The labrum is about 2 to 3 mm thick but is wider and thinner in the anterior portion. Studies have found that in the United States and
European countries, hip labral tears are commonly found in the
541:
Strain vs. Time graph for the three stages of creep. Strain slowly rises up and almost becomes constant from a constant stress on a viscoelastic material. Like cartilage, it will deform or strain, from constant stress. The strain deformation is slow, but eventually too much stress will increase
312:
There is little evidence for the benefit of physical therapy for the acetabular labrum. Some studies though report that physical therapy could be of benefit in restoring "sports-ready" capabilities. Following surgery, crutches will be needed for up to six weeks and physical exercise such as
475:
of the lumbar spine. This increases the pressure in the anterior labrum. Weak gluteals during hip extension have also shown increased joint pressure in the anterior labrum. Muscles that help with balance need to be strengthened, or stretched to prevent a hip labrum tear. Exercises include
316:
There are usually four phases in the rehabilitation process: "Phase I: initial exercises (weeks 1–4), Phase II: intermediate exercises (weeks 5–7), Phase III: advanced exercises (weeks 8–12), and Phase IV: return to sports (weeks 12+)". Therapy programs need to be personalised.
480:
by abducting the hip whilst lying on the side with legs together. The top leg is raised keeping the knee and hip straight; especially effective where there is an anterior pelvic tilt. A tight hip flexor may be stretched by using a kneeling hip flexor stretch that targets the
181:, the entire blow is transferred to the surface of the hip joint. And since bone density does not reach its peak until the age of 30, hip traumas could result in a fracture. Tears of the hip labrum can be classified in a variety of ways, including
196:(FAI). Impingement occurs when the femoral head rubs abnormally or lacks a full range of motion in the acetabular socket. There are three different forms of FAI. The first form is caused by a cam-deformity where extra bone is present on the
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78:
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Stretching before exercise will affect the cartilage through "creep". It will place a constant load on the labrum, allowing fluid the leak out and deform to the applied load. This is significant for the
152:
tendon has also been attributed to labrum tears by causing compression or traction injuries that eventually lead to a labrum tear. Most labrum tears are thought to be from gradual tear due to repetitive
513:), Stretch of a right hip flexor, iliopsoas. The weight bearing knee (left) does not go past the toes. Leaning forward for a good stretch and holding it for about 15 to 20 seconds is needed. In
636:
Smith, Matthew V.; Panchal, Hemang B.; Ruberte Thiele, Ramon A.; Sekiya, Jon K. (2011). "Effect of
Acetabular Labrum Tears on Hip Stability and Labral Strain in a Joint Compression Model".
1951:
1928:
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Mak, A. F. (1986). "The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage--the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows".
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It is estimated that 75% of acetabular labrum tears have an unknown cause. Tears of the labrum have been credited to a variety of causes such as excessive force,
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of the labrum. The hip labrum acts as a shock absorber, joint lubricator, stabilizer and pressure distributor. A warm-up using body weight squats can induce
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2013:
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A body weight squat with no added weights allows legs to be warmed up, creep may be induced in the cartilage and muscles to prepare for intense exercise.
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In phase III the focus is to begin building functional strength, using single leg exercises to build the muscle and challenge the strength of the hip.
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Anatomical modifications of the femur and or hip socket cause a slow buildup of damage to the cartilage. Femur or acetabular dysplasia can lead to
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46:
33:
836:
Aly, Abdel Rahman; Rajasekaran, Sathish; Obaid, Haron (2013). "MRI morphometric hip comparison analysis of anterior acetabular labral tears".
1828:
996:
1946:
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1380:
1273:
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Rylander, Lucas; Froelich, John M.; Novicoff, Wendy; Saleh, Khaled (2010). "Femoroacetabular
Impingement and Acetabular Labral Tears".
165:. Sporting activities are likely causes, specifically those that require frequent lateral rotation or pivoting on a loaded femur as in
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pattern is essential so as not to create an imbalance in the muscles of the hip. Aquatic therapy enables more gravity-free movement.
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517:), The starting position for the side lying hip abduction. The top leg needs to be lifted straight up and repeated 10 times.
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1072:"Treatment of anterior femoroacetabular impingement with combined hip arthroscopy and limited anterior decompression"
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Phase IV is the final stage where further exercise is prescribed until returning to sports. Complex movements like
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2008:
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2018:
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1164:"Anterior hip joint force increases with hip extension, decreased gluteal force, or decreased iliopsoas force"
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A complex labral tear. An arthroscopic probe is seen at the junction of the labrum and acetabular rim.
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Hunt, Devyani; Clohisy, John; Prather, Heidi (2007). "Acetabular labral tears of the hip in women".
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345:, kicking, and running, will be promoted until symmetrical pain free movements are achieved.
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471:. Imbalance of the muscles can lead to an anterior pelvic tilt, increased hip flexion, and
451:, stretching before exercise, and discontinuing the use of repetitive twisting activities.
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173:. Constant hip rotation places increased stress on the capsular tissue and damage to the
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posteriorly which transfers shear and compressive forces to the posterior labrum.
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Posterior labrum tears in the
Western world usually occur when a force drives the
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Women are more susceptible to acetabulum labrum tears due to their pelvic anatomy.
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In phase II more flexibility in the soft tissue is promoted, with an emphasis on
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Lewis, Cara L.; Sahrmann, Shirley A. (2006). "Acetabular labral tears".
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Bohannon Mason, J. (2001). "ACETABULAR LABRAL TEARS IN THE ATHLETE".
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125:
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Garrison, J. Craig; Osler, Michael T.; Singleton, Steven B. (2007).
128:. Most are thought to result from a gradual tear due to repetitive
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991:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 100.
325:
1262:
1162:
Lewis, Cara L.; Sahrmann, Shirley A.; Moran, Daniel W. (2007).
1023:"Rehabilitation after arthroscopy of an acetabular labral tear"
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anterior region. Muscular imbalance of the pelvis can develop
390:
256:
18:
1121:
Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America
1027:
North
American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT
871:
Liu, Yuwei; Lu, Wei; Ouyang, Kan; Deng, Zhenhan (2021).
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In phase I the first objective is to minimize pain and
873:"The imaging evaluation of acetabular labral lesions"
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Su, Tiao; Chen, Guang-Xing; Yang, Liu (2019-01-20).
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809:Thomas Byrd, J.W. (2001). "Lateral Impact Injury".
497:before exercise to help prevent a hip labrum tear.
90:
71:
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1070:Clohisy, John C.; McClure, J. Thomas (2005).
8:
724:"A comprehensive review of hip labral tears"
116:resulting from a number of causes including
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728:Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
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989:Hip and Pelvis Injuries in Sports Medicine
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77:
68:
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1095:
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906:
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434:Learn how and when to remove this message
300:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:An acetabular labrum tear is assessed by
932:"Diagnosis and treatment of labral tear"
877:Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
722:Groh, Megan M.; Herrera, Joseph (2009).
232:. A full confirmation can be made using
49:of all important aspects of the article.
638:The American Journal of Sports Medicine
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313:running, curtailed for at six months.
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
7:
1221:Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
1526:posterior of the head of the fibula
1588:medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
1521:anterior of the head of the fibula
406:tone or style may not reflect the
272:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
2014:Dislocations, sprains and strains
1618:lateral collateral of ankle joint
1391:Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
987:Guanche, Carlos A. (2009-11-01).
467:with inhibited weak gluteals and
1703:plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
1386:Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
534:
522:
502:
416:guide to writing better articles
395:
374:
362:
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282:guide to writing better articles
261:
148:, and hip degeneration. A tight
23:
37:may be too short to adequately
16:Injury of the acetabular labrum
1708:bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
1180:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.06.024
194:femoral acetabular impingement
144:, capsular hip hypermobility,
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
823:10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70286-6
793:10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70284-2
1834:interosseous cuneometatarsal
1554:Interosseous membrane of leg
1076:The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
948:10.1097/CM9.0000000000000020
688:10.3928/01477447-20100329-21
1829:interosseous intercuneiform
1741:bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
2035:
1878:Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
890:10.1186/s10195-021-00595-7
811:Clinics in Sports Medicine
781:Clinics in Sports Medicine
230:magnetic resonance imaging
112:is a common injury of the
2004:Injuries of hip and thigh
1133:10.1016/j.pmr.2007.05.007
850:10.1007/s00256-013-1652-1
740:10.1007/s12178-009-9052-9
189:, location, or severity.
124:, and deterioration with
85:
76:
1855:Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
650:10.1177/0363546511400981
459:. It is caused by tight
1168:Journal of Biomechanics
936:Chinese Medical Journal
1901:superficial transverse
1736:plantar calcaneocuboid
1645:Subtalar/talocalcaneal
1549:Posterior tibiofibular
457:lower crossed syndrome
228:is more reliable than
208:
106:acetabular labrum tear
72:Acetabular labrum tear
1726:dorsal calcaneocuboid
1690:Talocalcaneonavicular
1628:posterior talofibular
1544:Anterior tibiofibular
1536:Inferior tibiofibular
1513:Superior tibiofibular
1492:Infrapatellar fat pad
1339:transverse acetabular
206:
1698:dorsal talonavicular
1623:anterior talofibular
1598:posterior tibiotalar
1577:Talocrural and ankle
1127:(3): 497–520, ix–x.
644:(1_suppl): 103–110.
604:10.1093/ptj/86.1.110
473:lumbar hyperlordosis
218:physical examination
175:iliofemoral ligament
1916:Metatarsophalangeal
1593:anterior tibiotalar
838:Skeletal Radiology
476:strengthening the
381:Single leg balance
209:
179:greater trochanter
1991:
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1987:
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1960:
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1842:
1841:
1788:Cuboideonavicular
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1681:Transverse tarsal
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1500:
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1344:acetabular labrum
1233:10.1115/1.3138591
1174:(16): 3725–3731.
998:978-0-7817-7771-1
444:
443:
436:
410:used on Knowledge
408:encyclopedic tone
357:Single leg bridge
333:strength training
324:. A symmetrical
310:
309:
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276:used on Knowledge
274:encyclopedic tone
163:external rotation
114:acetabular labrum
102:
101:
66:Medical condition
64:
63:
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2009:Overuse injuries
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1354:zona orbicularis
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844:(9): 1245–1252.
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592:Physical Therapy
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418:for suggestions.
414:See Knowledge's
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280:See Knowledge's
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2019:Sports injuries
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1633:calcaneofibular
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491:viscoelasticity
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222:medical imaging
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142:hip dislocation
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122:hip dislocation
110:hip labrum tear
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32:This article's
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1811:Intercuneiform
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1765:Cuneonavicular
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1479:Patellofemoral
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1429:intracapsular:
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1254:
1227:(2): 123–130.
1211:
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1111:
1062:
1033:(4): 241–250.
1004:
997:
979:
942:(2): 211–219.
922:
863:
828:
817:(4): 801–816.
798:
787:(4): 779–790.
771:
734:(2): 105–117.
701:
682:(5): 342–350.
663:
625:
598:(1): 110–121.
564:
563:
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554:Glenoid labrum
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465:erector spinae
442:
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424:September 2024
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369:Side leg raise
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290:September 2024
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253:Rehabilitation
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55:September 2024
41:the key points
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1974:Longitudinal
1896:interosseous
1731:long plantar
1671:interosseous
1614:
1584:
1505:Tibiofibular
1428:
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1373:Tibiofemoral
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322:inflammation
319:
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247:femoral head
243:
240:Epidemiology
220:followed by
215:
198:femoral head
191:
161:, excessive
159:hyperflexion
139:
109:
105:
103:
52:
36:
34:lead section
1756:intertarsal
1413:collateral
1323:pubofemoral
1318:iliofemoral
1082:: 164–171.
676:Orthopedics
461:hip flexors
234:arthroscopy
155:microtrauma
130:microtrauma
97:Orthopedics
1998:Categories
1979:Transverse
1952:collateral
1929:collateral
1464:transverse
1398:popliteal
560:References
469:abdominals
387:Prevention
226:arthrogram
183:morphology
1657:posterior
1440:posterior
1431:cruciate
1298:human leg
1294:ligaments
1241:0148-0731
1188:0021-9290
1141:1047-9651
1088:1541-5457
1039:1558-6162
956:0366-6999
899:1590-9921
858:0364-2348
748:1935-973X
696:0147-7447
658:0363-5465
612:0031-9023
483:iliopsoas
343:squatting
335:basics.
212:Diagnosis
150:iliopsoas
92:Specialty
39:summarize
1653:anterior
1615:lateral:
1435:anterior
1206:17707385
1149:17678764
1106:16089092
1057:21509143
974:30614856
917:34357462
766:19468871
620:16386066
548:See also
224:. An MR
187:etiology
1947:plantar
1924:plantar
1886:plantar
1863:plantar
1819:plantar
1796:plantar
1773:plantar
1754:Distal
1662:lateral
1585:medial:
1457:lateral
1447:menisci
1407:arcuate
1402:oblique
1381:Capsule
1349:capsule
1314:femoral
1296:of the
1249:3724099
1197:2580726
1097:1888771
1048:2953303
965:6365273
908:8346610
757:2697339
478:gluteus
449:gluteus
118:running
1966:Arches
1891:dorsal
1868:dorsal
1824:dorsal
1801:dorsal
1778:dorsal
1666:medial
1452:medial
1290:Joints
1247:
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1194:
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764:
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746:
694:
656:
618:
610:
171:ballet
167:hockey
136:Causes
126:ageing
1847:Other
883:(1).
495:creep
1568:Foot
1364:Knee
1292:and
1245:PMID
1237:ISSN
1202:PMID
1184:ISSN
1145:PMID
1137:ISSN
1102:PMID
1084:ISSN
1053:PMID
1035:ISSN
993:ISBN
970:PMID
952:ISSN
913:PMID
895:ISSN
854:ISSN
762:PMID
744:ISSN
692:ISSN
654:ISSN
616:PMID
608:ISSN
463:and
447:the
326:gait
1306:Hip
1229:doi
1225:108
1192:PMC
1176:doi
1129:doi
1092:PMC
1043:PMC
960:PMC
944:doi
940:132
903:PMC
885:doi
846:doi
819:doi
789:doi
752:PMC
736:doi
684:doi
646:doi
600:doi
542:it.
509:In
169:or
108:or
104:An
2000::
1243:.
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1172:40
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1166:.
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1125:18
1123:.
1100:.
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1080:25
1078:.
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1007:^
968:.
958:.
950:.
938:.
934:.
911:.
901:.
893:.
881:22
879:.
875:.
852:.
842:42
840:.
815:20
813:.
801:^
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783:.
760:.
750:.
742:.
730:.
726:.
704:^
690:.
680:33
678:.
666:^
652:.
642:39
640:.
628:^
614:.
606:.
596:86
594:.
568:^
485:.
236:.
185:,
132:.
120:,
1664:/
1655:/
1330:)
1316:(
1282:e
1275:t
1268:v
1251:.
1231::
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1178::
1151:.
1131::
1108:.
1059:.
1031:2
1001:.
976:.
946::
919:.
887::
860:.
848::
825:.
821::
795:.
791::
768:.
738::
732:2
698:.
686::
660:.
648::
622:.
602::
515:B
511:A
437:)
431:(
426:)
422:(
412:.
303:)
297:(
292:)
288:(
278:.
57:)
53:(
43:.
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