Aceh - Knowledge (XXG)

1694: 1782: 3620:(CPI) remains the highest in Indonesia. As a result, Aceh's cost competitiveness has declined as reflected in both inflation and wage data. Although inflation has slowed down, CPI has registered steady increases since the tsunami. Using 2002 as a base, Aceh's CPI increased to 185.6 (June 2007) while the national CPI increased to 148.2. There have been relatively large nominal wage increases in particular sectors, such as construction where, on average, workers' nominal wages have risen to almost Rp.60,000 per day, from Rp.29,000 pre-tsunami. This is also reflected in Aceh's minimum regional wage (UMR, or Upah Minimum Regional), which increased by 55% from Rp.550,000 pre-tsunami to Rp.850,000 in 2007, compared with an increase of 42% in neighboring 1531:(Islamic clerics) fought against both the Dutch and the Japanese, revolting against the Dutch in February 1942 and against Japan in November 1942. The revolt was led by the All-Aceh Religious Scholars' Association (PUSA). The Japanese suffered 18 dead in the uprising while they slaughtered up to 100 or over 120 Acehnese. The revolt happened in Bayu and was centered around Tjot Plieng village's religious school. During the revolt, the Japanese troops armed with mortars and machine guns were charged by sword wielding Acehnese under Teungku Abduldjalil (Tengku Abdul Djalil) in Buloh Gampong Teungah and Tjot Plieng on 10 and 13 November. In May 1945 the Acehnese rebelled again. The religious ulama party gained ascendancy to replace district warlords ( 7657: 2099:(local laws) governing the implementation of Sharia. Five qanuns enacted between 2002 and 2004 contained criminal penalties for violations of Sharia: Qanun 11/2002 on "belief, ritual, and promoting Islam," which contains the Islamic attire requirement; Qanun 12/2003 prohibiting the consumption and sale of alcohol; Qanun 13/2003 prohibiting gambling; Qanun 14/2003 prohibiting "seclusion"; and Qanun 7/2004 on the payment of Islamic alms. With the exception of gambling, none of the offenses are prohibited outside of Aceh. 1480: 1074: 7301: 1039: 1626: 4046: 2040: 149: 3945: 71: 7471: 1494:; the sultan was unable to control them. Britain was a protector of Aceh and gave the Netherlands permission to eradicate the pirates. The campaign quickly drove out the sultan but the local leaders mobilized and fought the Dutch in four decades of guerrilla war, with high levels of atrocities. The Dutch colonial government declared war on Aceh on 26 March 1873. Aceh sought American help but Washington rejected the request. 1852:, a former Indonesian government minister. This agency had ministry level of authority and incorporated officials, professionals and community leaders from all backgrounds. Most of the reconstruction work was performed by local people using a mix of traditional methods and partial prefabricated structures, with funding coming from many international organizations and individuals, governments, and the people themselves. 1432: 2110:, the latter a punishment unknown in most parts of Indonesia. Between mid-2005 and early 2007, at least 135 people were caned in Aceh for transgressing the qanuns. In April 2016, a 60-year-old non-Muslim woman was sentenced to 30 lashes for selling alcohol drinks. The controversy is that qanun is not allowed for non-Muslim person, and national law should be used instead as in other parts of Indonesia. 1649:'s policy of economic development and industrialization. During the late 1980s several security incidents prompted the Indonesian central government to take repressive measures and to send troops to Aceh. Human rights abuse was rampant for the next decade, resulting in many grievances on the part of the Acehnese toward the Indonesian central government. In 1990, the Indonesian government initiated 4108: 4087: 1365: 1086: 3341: 2210: 1550: 3871: 713: 698: 1657:

was attended by nearly half a million people (of four million population of the province). The Indonesian central government responded in 2001 by broadening Aceh's autonomy, giving its government the right to apply Sharia law more broadly and the right to receive direct foreign investment. This was again accompanied by repressive measures, however, and in 2003

1517:, or judge, for the colonial government and was stationed in Aceh. He had to balance traditional Muslim justice with Dutch law. To stop the Aceh rebellion, Hasan Mustafa issued a fatwa, telling the Muslim population there in 1894, "It is Incumbent upon the Indonesian Muslim to be loyal to the Dutch East Indies Government". 2141:(adultery, defined as willing intercourse by unmarried people), sexual harassment, rape, and homosexual conduct. The law authorized punishments including up to 60 lashes for "intimacy," up to 100 lashes for engaging in homosexual conduct, up to 100 lashes for adultery by unmarried persons, and death by 4688:

Kompas argues that Indrapuri Mosque in Aceh was built in the 10th century AD by the Lamuri kingdom. At the time, it functioned as the Temple of Hinduism . In addition, Zein says that the function of the temple was changed into a Mosque when the King and the people of Lamuri Hindu kingdom converted to

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raids," subjecting women who were not wearing Islamic headscarves to verbal abuse, cutting their hair or clothes, and committing other acts of violence against them. The frequency of these and other attacks on individuals considered to be violating Sharia principles appeared to increase following the

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The ramifications of the tsunami went beyond the immediate impact to the lives and infrastructure of the Acehnese living on the coast. Since the disaster, the Acehnese rebel movement GAM, which had been fighting for independence against the Indonesian authorities for 29 years, has signed a peace deal

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During the late 1990s, chaos in Java and an ineffective central government gave an advantage to the Free Aceh Movement and resulted in the second phase of the rebellion, this time with large support from the Acehnese people. This support was demonstrated during the 1999 plebiscite in Banda Aceh which

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According to 2022 data of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, Aceh is overwhelmingly Muslim-majority where they dominate Aceh with more than 98%. Only 1.15% of population are Protestants, 0.13% Buddhism and 0.1% Catholics. Religious issues are often sensitive in Aceh. There is very strong support for

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Aceh has been granted broader autonomy through Aceh government legislation covering special rights agreed upon in 2002 as well as the right of the Acehnese to establish local political parties to represent their interests. Human rights advocates protested that previous human rights violations in the

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in 1873 occupied most of the coastal areas. Köhler's strategy was to attack and take the sultan's palace. It failed. The Dutch then tried a naval blockade, reconciliation, concentration within a line of forts, and lastly passive containment. They had scant success. Reaching 15 to 20 million guilders

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consists of 12 of the regencies in the province (Simeulue, Aceh Singkil, South Aceh, Southeast Aceh, West Aceh, Aceh Besar, Pidie, Southwest Aceh, Aceh Jaya, Gayo Lues, Nagan Raya and Pidie Jaya), together with the cities of Bandar Aceh, Sabang and Subulussalam, and elects 7 members to the People's

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The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, misjudging the intensity of the Sumatra earthquake, sent out a bulletin that no tsunami was expected following a magnitude 8.0 quake based on historical data. Only when more accurate measurements of the quakes >9.0 magnitude became available did scientists at

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in 2004. Tsunami warning systems have improved since the immense death toll drew international notice but in rural areas where many don't have internet access or cell phones it remains a challenge to communicate warnings in a timely manner. A warning system was put in place at the request of Aceh

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levels increased slightly in Aceh in 2005 after the tsunami, but by less than expected. The poverty level then fell in 2006 to below the pre-tsunami level, suggesting that the rise in tsunami-related poverty was short lived and reconstruction activities and the end of the conflict most probably

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Acehnese cuisine uses combinations of spices found in Indian and Arabic cuisine, include ginger, pepper, coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, and fennel. A variety of Acehnese foods are cooked with curry or curry spices and coconut milk, which are generally combined with meat, such as

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Traditional Acehnese dances illustrate traditional heritage, religion, and local folklore. Acehnese dances are generally performed in groups, in which a group of dancers are of the same sex, and there are standing or sitting positions. When viewed from the accompanying music, the dances can be

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Caning has increasingly been used as a form of judicial punishment in Aceh. This is backed by the governor of Aceh. At least 72 people were caned for various offences, including drinking alcohol, being alone with someone of the opposite sex who was not a marriage partner or relative (khalwat),

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ceded their colonial possessions on Sumatra to the Dutch. In the treaty, the British described Aceh as one of their possessions, although they had no actual control over the sultanate. Initially, under the agreement the Dutch agreed to respect Aceh's independence. In 1871, however, the British

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on the south-central coast of Vietnam was one of the earliest Islamic centers in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, as the Cham people fled the Vietnamese, one of the earliest locations that they established a relationship was with Aceh. Furthermore, it is thought that one of the earliest centers of

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The Aceh army was rapidly modernized, and Aceh soldiers killed Köhler. Köhler made some grave tactical errors and the reputation of the Dutch was severely harmed. In recent years, in line with expanding international attention to human rights issues and atrocities in war zones, there has been

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grouped into two types; namely accompanied by the vocal and percussion of the dancer's own body, and accompanied by an ensemble of musical instruments. Some dances that are famous at the national and even world level are dances originating from Aceh, such as the Rateb Meuseukat Dance and the

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because the insurgency complicated the process of collecting accurate information. An estimated 170,000 people died in Aceh in the 2004 tsunami which further complicates the task of careful demographic analysis. According to the most recent censuses, the total population of Aceh in 2010 was

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were unscathed, the areas closest to the water, especially the areas of Kampung Jawa and Meuraxa, were completely destroyed. Most of the rest of the western coast of Aceh was severely damaged. Many towns completely disappeared. Other towns on Aceh's west coast hit by the disaster included

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It was only after the arrival of the Dutch that Acehnese writings appeared in the form of prose, in the 1930s, such as Lhee Saboh Nang written by Aboe Bakar and De Vries. It was only afterward that various forms of prose appeared, but still remained dominated by the form of Hikayat.

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4,486,570, in 2015 was 4,993,385, and in 2020 was 5,274,871. The official estimate for mid 2023 was 5,482,527 (comprising 2,753,176 males and 2,729,351 females); however, the sum of the official population estimates for the individual regencies and cities totalled 5,512,219 people.

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facilitated this decline. However, poverty in Aceh remains significantly higher than in the rest of Indonesia. A large number of the Acehnese remain vulnerable to poverty, reinforcing the need for further sustained efforts at development in the post-tsunami construction period.

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won control of the local parliament in Aceh's first post-war legislative elections. In September 2009, one month before the new legislators were to take office, the outgoing parliament unanimously endorsed two new qanuns to expand the existing criminal Sharia framework in Aceh.

3879: 3997:("community sickness operation"). The police abused all LGBT citizens within the premises of the parlors and arrested twelve transgender women. The arrested trans women were stripped topless, had their heads shaved, and were forced to chant insults at themselves as part of a 1754:

The population of Aceh before the December 2004 tsunami was 4,271,000 (2004). The population as of 15 September 2005 was 4,031,589, and in January 2014 was 4,731,705. The 2020 census produced a total population of 5,274,871, comprising 2,647,563 males and 2,627,308 females.

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monitored funding for reconstruction in Aceh and reported that US$ 7.7 billion had been earmarked for the reconstruction whilst at June 2007 US$ 5.8 billion had been allocated to specific reconstruction projects, of which US$ 3.4 billion had actually been spent (58%).

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Islam across the province, and sometimes other religious groups – such as Christians or Buddhists – feel that they are subject to social or community pressure to limit their activities. The official explanation for this action, supported by both the governor of Aceh

1766:(15 August 2005). The perception that the tsunami was punishment for insufficient piety in this proudly Muslim province is partly behind the increased emphasis on the importance of religion post-tsunami. This has been most obvious in the increased implementation of 1762:. Reconstruction was visible everywhere, but due to the sheer scale of the disaster, and logistic difficulties, progress was slow. A study in 2007 estimated that 83.6% of the population had a psychiatric illness, while 69.8% suffers from severe emotional distress. 4001:. The intent of the incident was to reverse what officials deemed a "social disease" and that parents were coming to them upset at the increasing number of LGBT individuals in Aceh. The event was decried by human rights organizations local and worldwide, such as 1637:

During the 1970s, under an agreement with the Indonesian central government, American oil and gas companies began exploitation of Aceh natural resources. Alleged unequal distribution of profits between central government and the native people of Aceh induced Dr.

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After the initial appearance of Islam in Aceh, it further spread into the coastal regions by the 15th century. Aceh soon became a cultural and scholastic Islamic center throughout Southeast Asia. It also became wealthy because it was a center of extensive trade.

1444:. The pepper trade produced new wealth for the sultanate and for the rulers of many smaller nearby ports that had been under Aceh's control, but were now able to assert more independence. These changes initially threatened Aceh's integrity, but a new Sultan 4118:

buffalo meat, beef, lamb, fish and chicken. Certain recipes have traditionally used cannabis as a seasoning; which is also found in some other Southeast Asian dishes such as in Laos, but now the material is no longer used. Dishes native to Aceh include

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or the United States from gaining a foothold in the region. Although neither the Dutch nor the British knew the specifics, there had been rumors since the 1850s that Aceh had been in communication with the rulers of France and of the Ottoman Empire.

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Before Dutch colonialism (1873–1942), almost all Acehnese literature was in the form of poetry known as Hikayat. Very little is in the form of prose and one of them is the Book of Bakeu Meunan which is a translation of the book Qawaa'id al-Islaam.

2073:-based regulations, for example requiring female government employees to wear Islamic dress. These regulations were not enforced by the provincial government, but as early as April 1999, reports emerged that groups of men in Aceh were engaging in 3406:

The ending of the conflict, and the reconstruction program resulted in the structure of the economy changing significantly since 2003. Service sectors played a more dominant role whilst the share of the oil and gas sectors continued to decline.

5662: 4396: 4190:, which began operating from 1882 to 1942 and later changed its name to Atjeh Staatsspoorwegen (ASS) in 1916. Its railways assets, now mostly inactive, is under the ownership of the Regional Division I North Sumatra and Aceh of 977:, which devastated much of the western coast of the province. Approximately 170,000 Indonesians were killed or went missing in the disaster. The disaster helped precipitate the peace agreement between the government of Indonesia and the 6399: 6335: 4378: 7110:. Vol. 206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Volume 206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (illustrated ed.). KITLV Press. 1859:

estimated in their Preliminary Damage and Losses Assessment that damages amounted to US$ 4.5 billion (before inflation, and US$ 6.2 billion including inflation). Three years after the tsunami, reconstruction was still ongoing. The

1281:, there was a thriving international port. Pires attributed the establishment of Islam in Pasai to the 'cunning' of the Muslim merchants. The ruler of Pasai, however, had not been able to convert the people of the interior. 3972:

in southern Aceh had also been ordered to close. In response, some Christians voiced concern about these actions. In 2015 a church was burned down and another attacked in which a Muslim rioter was shot, causing President

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consists of the remaining 6 regencies (East Aceh, Central Aceh, Bireuen, North Aceh, Aceh Tamiang and Bener Meriah), together with the cities of Langsa and Lhokseumawe, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative

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In 2006, the economy of Aceh grew by 7.7% after having minimal growth since the devastating tsunami. This growth was primarily driven by the reconstruction effort with massive growth in the building/construction sector.

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By the early 19th century, however, Aceh had become an increasingly influential power due to its strategic location for controlling regional trade. In the 1820s it was the producer of over half the world's supply of

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into mukims. These are sometimes related to traditional indigenous communities. Beginning in September 2023, the Indonesian government provided legal recognition to the claims of some mukims over customary forests.

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were arrested and caned for betting on the names of passing buses. And it was reported that on just one day, 18 September 2015, a total of 34 people were caned in Banda Aceh and in the nearby regency of Aceh Besar.

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Two gay men are to be publicly lashed 85 times each under sharia law after being filmed by vigilantes in Indonesia. An Islamic court in the province of Aceh passed down its first sentence for homosexuality on the

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on 26 December 2004. While estimates vary, over 170,000 people were killed by tsunami in Aceh and about 500,000 were left homeless. The tragedy of the tsunami was further compounded several months later, when the

1928:, was signed on 15 August 2005. Under the agreement Aceh would receive special autonomy and government troops would be withdrawn from the province in exchange for GAM's disarmament. As part of the agreement, the 2328:(from part of Aceh Singkil Regency) on 2 January 2007. Some other local areas are pushing to create new autonomous areas, usually with the stated goal of enhancing local control over politics and development. 2197:, and having gay or pre-marital sex. Typically the whipping has been done by men. In 2020, with increased enforcement and more crimes being conducted by women, Aceh authorities say they are trying to follow 1584:

The Acehnese revolted soon after its inclusion into an independent Indonesia, a situation created by a complex mix of what the Acehnese regarded as transgressions against and betrayals of their rights.

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Souza, R., Bernatsky, S., Ryes, R., Jong, K. (2007). "Mental Health Status of Vulnerable Tsunami-Affected Communities: A Survey in Aceh Province, Indonesia". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 20(3), 263–269

1176:, Jakarta. One of the few structural remains is the Indra Patra fort, which has several Hindu shrines. Historic names such as Indrapurba, Indrapurwa, Indrapatra, and Indrapuri, which refer to the God 5658: 6501: 791: 1837:

along low-lying coastal areas within which permanent construction was not permitted. This proposal was unpopular among some local inhabitants and proved impractical in most situations, especially

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Indonesia in the liberal-democratic reform period, as well as changes in the Indonesian military, helped create an environment more favorable to peace talks. The roles of newly elected president

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the warning center realize they were dealing with a basin-wide tsunami across the Indian Ocean. When the tsunami hit, it was enormous, and the death toll in Aceh exceeded 100,000. There was no

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696 (AD 1297). This is the earliest clear evidence of a Muslim dynasty in the Indonesia-Malay area and more gravestones from the 13th century show that this region continued under Muslim rule.

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In practice since the introduction of the new laws, there has been a considerable increase in the use of the penalties provided set out in the laws. As an example, in August 2015 six men in

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in North Sumatra. This second quake killed a further 1346 people on Nias and Simeulue, displaced tens of thousands more, and caused the tsunami response to be expanded to include Nias. The

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were given separate city status (from parts of North Aceh Regency and of East Aceh Regency respectively) on 21 June 2001, and five additional regencies were created on 10 April 2002 –

7936: 717: 3874: 4005:. Usman Hamid stated for the Indonesia branch of the organization that "cutting the hair of those arrested to 'make them masculine' and forcing them to dress like men are forms of 1306:, D. João Ribeiro Gaio, based on information provided by a former captive called Diogo Gil, wrote the "Roteiro das Cousas do Achem" (Lisboa 1997) – a description of the sultanate. 5495:

For details of the impact of the tsunami in Aceh, see Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley in collaboration with Bhanupong Nidhiprabha, Budy P. Resosudarmo and Dushni Weerakoon,

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In addition to rencong, the Acehnese people also possessed several other special weapons, such as sikin panyang, peurise awe, peurise teumaga, siwah, geuliwang and peudeueng.

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mill in Aceh was built in 1982. The government of Aceh intends a law by which 1.2 million hectares would be opened for commercial use. This proposal has caused many protests.

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of Aceh), are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the officially estimated population as at mid 2023.

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is a type of dagger, a traditional weapon of the Acehnese people. The shape resembles the letter L, and when viewed more closely the form is bismillah calligraphy.

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had inflicted so much damage on the rebel movement that it had little choice but to negotiate with the central government. The peace talks were first initiated by

7931: 4337: 1992:. This has resulted in canings for crimes deemed to have violated sharia law such as gambling, drinking, skipping Friday prayers, and most notably homosexuality. 671: 7941: 6653: 1607:. In 1959, the Indonesian government attempted to placate the Acehnese by offering wide-ranging freedom in matters relating to religion, education and culture. 6777: 6033: 1138:

documents the conquest of a land called "llämuridesam", located at the northern tip of Sumatra. The Nagarakritagama documents the possessions of the Imperial

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denied fault for the allegations. After a series of attacks against its operations, the company shut down its Arun natural gas operations in the province.

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In January 2018, the Aceh police, with support from the Aceh autonomous government, raided hair salons known to have LGBT clients and staff as part of an

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after the enactment of the province's Special Autonomy Law in 2001. In 2016 alone, 100 public caning cases were documented by human rights organizations.

2133:(Qanun Jinayat), reiterated the existing criminal Sharia prohibitions, at times enhancing their penalties, and a host of new criminal offenses, including 4212: 6581: 5501: 1758:

As of February 2006, more than a year after the tsunami, a large number of people were still living in barrack-style temporary living centers (TLC) or

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Iwabuchi, A. (1994). The people of the Alas Valley : a study of an ethnic group of Northern Sumatra. Oxford, England; New York, Clarendon Press.

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Responsibility for enforcement of the qanuns rests both with the National Police and with a special Sharia police force unique to Aceh, known as the

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and Samudra but evidence is inconclusive. The gravestone of Sultan Malik as-Salih, the first Muslim ruler of Samudra, has been found and is dated

6007: 1591:, the first president of Indonesia, had reneged on his promise made on 16 June 1948 that Aceh would be allowed to rule itself in accordance with 5466: 7921: 5356: 4917:

Mufti Ali, "A Study of Hasan Mustafa's 'Fatwa: 'It Is Incumbent upon the Indonesian Muslims to be Loyal to the Dutch East Indies Government,'"

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increasing discussion about some of the recorded acts of cruelty and slaughter committed by Dutch troops during the period of warfare in Aceh.

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a year, the heavy spending for failed strategies nearly bankrupted the colonial government. During the course of the war, the Dutch set up the

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The movement had a small number of followers initially, and di Tiro himself had to live in exile in Sweden. Meanwhile, the province followed

1503: 1131: 4681:"Changing a Hindu temple into the Indrapuri Mosque in Aceh: the beginning of Islamisation in Indonesia – a vernacular architectural context" 1560:

After World War II, civil war erupted in 1945 between the district warlords party, that supported the return of a Dutch government, and the

7543: 5062: 4062:. This house is a type of house on stilts with three main parts and one additional section. The three main parts of the Aceh house are the 2012: 2004: 6540: 2126:(Qanun Hukum Jinayat), to create an entirely new procedural code for the enforcement of Sharia by police, prosecutors, and courts in Aceh. 6950: 5092: 1785:

Boats washed ashore near local businesses in down town Aceh, Sumatra following a massive tsunami that struck the area on 26 December 2004

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A very useful and detailed account of the negotiation process from the Indonesian side is in the book by the Indonesian key negotiator,

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Hillman, Ben (2012). "'Power Sharing and Political Party Engineering in Conflict-Prone Societies: The Indonesian Experiment in Aceh".

4636: 4183: 2157:, rather than actual law. In March 2013, the Aceh government removed the stoning provision from its own draft of a new criminal code. 1672: 900: 6252: 1723: 7275: 6674: 6357: 6094: 5840: 4769: 1909: 1774:

or Syariah police. As homes are being built and people's basic needs are met, the people are also looking to improve the quality of

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gambling and for being caught having gay sex. The Acehnese authorities passed a series of by-laws governing the implementation of

7993: 5770: 4522: 4233: 915:, accounting for approximately 70% of the region's population of about 5.5 million people in mid-2023. Its area is comparable to 6055: 5902: 7998: 7536: 6621: 5379: 1964:. In 2014, there were 460 Sumatran elephants in Aceh including at least eight baby elephants. The area has been suffering from 6276: 4551: 4172: 7339: 4201: 4010: 3968:

from Jakarta, was that the churches did not have the appropriate permits. Earlier in April 2012, a number of churches in the

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group of languages, whose other representatives are mostly found in Vietnam and Cambodia, and is also closely related to the

2233:, located on the coast near the northern tip of Sumatra. When originally devised in 1956, the province comprised the city of 1565: 6698: 7240:

McCarthy, J. F. (2006). The Fourth Circle. A Political Ecology of Sumatra's Rainforest Frontier, Stanford University Press.

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Peace in Aceh: Notes on the peace process between the Republic of Indonesia and the Aceh Freedom Movement (GAM) in Helsinki

7988: 6755: 6488:) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023. 5756: 1498: 308: 5432: 4526: 7693: 6433: 6300: 5932: 5862: 4466: 2034: 1917: 1778:, increase tourism, and develop responsible, sustainable industry. Well-qualified educators are in high demand in Aceh. 1718: 1445: 1189: 1173: 927: 1254:

traveller, passing through on his way to China in 1345 and 1346, found that the ruler of Samudra was a follower of the

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to commemorate the tsunami with photographs, stories, and a simulation of the earthquake that triggered the tsunami.

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According to several archaeological findings, the first evidence of human habitation in Aceh is from a site near the

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Bowen, J. R. (1991). Sumatran politics and poetics : Gayo history, 1900–1989. New Haven, Yale University Press.

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power expanded outward by sea rather than inland. As it expanded down the Sumatran coast, its main competitors were

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refused to sign the bylaw, thereby keeping it a law without legal force and, in some views, therefore still a law

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The area was slowly rebuilt after the disaster. The government initially proposed the creation of a two-kilometer

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region. Aceh has a history of political independence and resistance to control by outsiders, including the former

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enactment of Law 44/1999 and the governor's Sharia regulations. In 2014, a group of scholars who call themselves

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was proclaimed in the province. The war was still ongoing when the tsunami disaster of 2004 struck the province.

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However, the then proposed bylaws was met with widespread condemnations from all of Indonesia and then governor

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Aceh has the largest range of biodiversity in the Asian Pacific region. Among the rarer large mammals are the

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The Dutch tried one strategy after another over the course of four decades. An expedition under Major General

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was a Muslim town while nearby 'Basma(n)' and 'Samara' were not. 'Basma(n)' and 'Samara' are often said to be

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that supported the newly proclaimed state of Indonesia. The ulama won, and the area remained free during the

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at the hands of Indonesian military units hired by the company for security for its natural gas operations.

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Atjeh Post, Minggu Ke III September 1990. halaman I & Atjeh Post, Minggu Ke IV September 1990 halaman I

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The oldest Acehnese manuscripts that can be found are from 1069 H (1658/1659 AD), namely Hikayat Seuma'un.

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Regional elections have been held in Aceh in recent years for senior positions at the provincial, regency (

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Kingdom. Several documented references indicate that Hindu-Buddhist culture existed in the area before its

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Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement

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The sum of the districts' land areas is 58,485.90 km, although the official area is given as 56,839.09 km.

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Upon the enactment of the Special Autonomy Law in 2001, Aceh's provincial legislature enacted a series of

1747: 1639: 856: 540: 53: 7470: 6720: 3782:

Aceh is a diverse region occupied by several ethnic and language groups. The major ethnic groups are the

1642:, former ambassador of Darul Islam, to call for an independent Aceh. He proclaimed independence in 1976. 1535:) party that formerly collaborated with the Dutch. Concrete bunkers still line the northernmost beaches. 7899: 7873: 6837: 6557: 4680: 4002: 3892: 3770: 3760: 3373: 3365: 2930: 2083: 1905: 1849: 488: 466: 31: 7244: 6921:"International-Cultural Communication of the Saman Dance Performance by Indonesian Students in Nanjing" 5564: 5032: 1038: 6838:"Cultural Norms and Values Configuration in Acehnese Traditional Fishing Ritual | KnE Social Sciences" 5999: 1625: 575: 7983: 7746: 7568: 7405: 7395: 7390: 7385: 4392: 4374: 4280: 4216: 4191: 3969: 3923: 3827: 3803: 3617: 3348: 3255: 2967: 2925: 2845: 1980:

Within the country, Aceh is governed not as a regular province but as a special autonomous province (

1486:, commandant of Dutch troops, died from a shot by an Acehnese sniper during the first attack on Aceh. 1389: 1368:

Map of Aceh Sultanate and its vassals at its greatest extent during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda

1154: 1043: 904: 5348: 4485:"Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan | Perubahan Sebutan Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam menjadi Aceh" 3839: 1751:

residents but it was disabled in 2007 after technical issues and a false alarm that caused a panic.

7367: 4896: 4427: 4359:

Aris Ananta; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; M. Sairi Hasbullah; Nur Budi Handayani; dan Agus Pramono (2015).

4045: 3912: 2218: 2039: 1949: 1869: 827: 560: 548: 95: 3372:

The province comprises two of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the

1065:

were also found on the site. Archeologists believe the site was first occupied around 10,000 BCE.

7840: 7802: 7764: 7759: 7716: 7445: 7435: 7425: 7420: 7375: 7332: 7071: 6855: 6326:"Sharia court in Indonesia sentences two gay men to 85 lashes each after being caught having sex" 5981: 5817: 5576: 5206: 4607: 4196: 4006: 3998: 3847: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3267: 3133: 3051: 2685: 2605: 2447: 1889: 1803: 1669: 1662: 1630: 1620: 1616: 1506:

under a governor, although it did not establish wider control of its territory until after 1908.

1350: 1346: 1303: 1278: 982: 460: 7400: 2166: 1532: 6537: 5545: 5508:, Cheltenham UK and Northampton MA US: Edward Elgar and Asian Development Bank Institute, 2010. 5054: 3944: 2106:(Sharia Authority). All of the qanuns provide for penalties including fines, imprisonment, and 1568:. The Dutch military itself never attempted to invade Aceh. The civil war raised the religious 7825: 7460: 7415: 7410: 7380: 7271: 7250: 7186: 7139: 7111: 6979: 6942: 6920: 6892: 5750: 5713: 5438: 5401: 5292: 4972: 4966: 4938: 4844: 4838: 4765: 4740: 4660: 4632: 4626: 3919: 3888: 3009: 2885: 2765: 2525: 2410: 2134: 1961: 1904:

were highly significant. At the same time, the GAM leadership was undergoing changes, and the

1600: 1553: 1491: 1296: 1062: 951: 943: 876: 835: 797: 667: 638: 619: 595: 554: 5084: 911:

law officially. There are ten indigenous ethnic groups in this region, the largest being the

7858: 7782: 7731: 7726: 7580: 7440: 6932: 6845: 6649: 5971: 5809: 5391: 4885: 4834: 4652: 4597: 4589: 3358: 3302: 2103: 2023: 1921: 1771: 1358: 1143: 958: 751: 600: 590: 565: 6567:, a report by Australian National University Enterprise, Canberra, for UNDP, Jakarta, 2012. 2273:

from part of Central Aceh on 4 June 1974; three additional regencies were formed in 1999 –

1089: 7894: 7868: 7736: 7721: 6681: 6628: 6564: 6544: 6524: 6505: 6394: 6330: 6307: 6283: 6259: 6237: 6214: 5588: 5505: 4439: 4434: 4143: 3835: 3783: 3344: 2645: 1739: 1727: 1413: 1397: 1385: 1377: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1158: 1078: 947: 912: 454: 430: 424: 402: 7052:

Indonesia. Panitia Penjusun Naskah Buku "20 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka.", Indonesia (1966).

6461:"For 1st time, Indonesia government recognizes ancestral forests in Aceh — but only some" 6086: 5836: 5187:

Indonesia. Panitia Penjusun Naskah Buku "20 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka."; Indonesia (1966).

4840:

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 2, the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

4701: 1483: 7853: 7817: 7797: 7792: 6390:"Indonesia's Aceh unveils female flogging squad as more women run afoul of Islamic law" 5701: 3961: 3896: 3855: 3823: 3261: 2069:

Beginning with the promulgation of Law 44/1999, Aceh's governor began to issue limited

2016: 1953: 1929: 1456: 1401: 1290: 1210: 1203: 784: 585: 476: 7107:

The collapse of a colonial society: the Dutch in Indonesia during the Second World War

5288:

The collapse of a colonial society: the Dutch in Indonesia during the Second World War

1416:. Acehnese military power waned gradually thereafter, and Aceh ceded its territory of 7973: 7967: 7951: 7848: 7807: 7641: 7626: 7430: 7325: 7300: 7234:

Bowen, J. R. (2003). Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia Cambridge University Press

6859: 6362: 5985: 5821: 5686: 5603:"Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan" 3965: 3939: 3908: 3621: 3605: 2565: 2150: 2008: 1965: 1819: 1596: 1544: 1050: 880: 570: 121: 4414: 1448:, who controlled the kingdom from 1838 to 1870, reasserted power over nearby ports. 7830: 7678: 7646: 7636: 7507: 7502: 7282:

and historical study of Aceh, and Islam in the region. Originally published in 1969

7246:

Rebellion and Reform in Indonesia. Jakarta's Security and Autonomy Policies in Aceh

3927: 3831: 3815: 3799: 3217: 2890: 2265:) was created from the southeastern districts of West Aceh Regency. A second city ( 1573: 1549: 1441: 1235: 1180:, also indicate that Hinduism had a lasting and significant presence in this land. 1161: 1101: 872: 509: 503: 472: 6919:

Fadillah, Dani; Nuryana, Zalik; Sahuddin, Muhammad; Hao, Dong (19 December 2019).

4736:

Forging Peace in Southeast Asia: Insurgencies, Peace Processes, and Reconciliation

4107: 1985: 1603:

who on 20 September 1953 declared a free independent Aceh under the leadership of

1119:

as their ruler, a king in the Hindu political structure, likely meaning they were

7207: 7180: 7161: 7133: 7105: 7086: 7053: 7034: 6973: 6886: 6694: 5960:"Green and REDD? Towards a Political Ecology of Deforestation in Aceh, Indonesia" 5813: 5286: 5252: 5227: 5188: 5163: 5139: 5114: 4999: 4932: 4734: 4279: 4182:

Railways in Aceh has started since the Dutch colonial era. In 1876 the

1353:. It was this seaborne trade focus that saw Aceh rely on rice imports from north 580: 7863: 7497: 7279: 6999: 4096: 4086: 3974: 3904: 3791: 3787: 3056: 2850: 2727: 2198: 2114: 2095: 1901: 1834: 1827: 1431: 1425: 1364: 1247: 1209:

Evidence concerning the initial coming and subsequent establishment of Islam in

1085: 966: 843: 810: 515: 448: 436: 148: 7317: 6937: 6751: 5976: 5959: 3340: 1880: 1844:

The Indonesian government set up a special agency for Aceh reconstruction, the

1153:

Though many temples were left abandoned or converted into mosques, such as the

1142:, and states that they control Barat, identified as the western coast of Aceh. 7708: 7487: 7359: 4288: 4187: 4119: 4058: 4049: 3952: 3098: 2772: 2487: 2230: 2052: Choice between sharia and secular courts, only on personal status issues 1861: 1790: 1702: 1676: 1381: 1310: 1266: 1255: 1243: 1231: 1135: 1112: 1058: 978: 868: 259: 136: 6946: 5405: 1599:

in 1950. This resulted in the Acehnese Rebellion of 1953–59 which was led by

1460:

dropped previous opposition to a Dutch invasion of Aceh, possibly to prevent

209: 195: 7787: 7698: 7683: 6850: 5396: 3613: 3612:

declined steadily and was 8.5% in June 2007, close to the national level in

3609: 3140: 2692: 2209: 2090:

of men and women as a call for heavier Islamic law enforcement in the area.

2074: 1969: 1957: 1823: 1775: 1274: 1169: 1147: 1139: 970: 962: 860: 610: 237: 171: 6128:"Policing Morality Abuses in the Application of Sharia in Aceh, Indonesia" 7774: 7611: 7528: 4186: (KNIL) started to build a 750-mm gauge railways known as 4127: 4123: 4111: 3899:

group of languages. Acehnese also has many words borrowed from Malay and

3891:

is widely spoken within the Acehnese population. This is a member of the

3843: 3604:

After peaking at around 40% in December 2005, largely as a result of the

3307: 3182: 3016: 2974: 2610: 2320:

was created on 19 December 2003 (from part of Central Aceh Regency), and

2087: 1818:. Affected or destroyed towns on the region's north and east coasts were 1815: 1710: 1474: 1417: 1409: 1322: 1165: 1124: 1116: 888: 884: 805: 523: 4484: 1936:. Their mission expired on 15 December 2006, following local elections. 1595:. Aceh was politically dismantled and incorporated into the province of 7688: 7621: 7593: 7572: 6808:"Rights groups decry 'shaming' of transgender people in Indonesia's..." 6778:"Police arrest 12 trans women and shave their heads 'to make them men'" 4611: 4131: 4030: 3653: 3627: 2650: 2142: 1989: 1913: 1893: 1838: 1799: 1795: 1714: 1646: 1588: 1421: 1393: 1373: 1251: 916: 864: 397: 6536:

A useful survey of the state of development up to 2010 is in the UNDP

6085:

Iis*, Em Yusuf; Yunus, Mukhlis; Adam, Muhammad; Sofyan, Hizir (2018).

4602: 4363:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies dan BPS – Statistics Indonesia. 7673: 7492: 4215:

in Aceh Besar Regency (serving Banda Aceh and surrounding areas) and

3987: 3900: 2807: 2530: 2452: 2186: 2178:, 17 May 2017 in spite of international appeals to spare the couple. 2107: 2078: 2070: 2044: 1984:), an administrative designation intended to give the area increased 1811: 1807: 1767: 1706: 1592: 1556:, 3rd governor of Aceh and the regional leader of Darul Islam in Aceh 1461: 1227: 1120: 1108: 1097: 1054: 939: 908: 615: 17: 6675:

Indonesian man flogged after breaking adultery law he helped draw up

5837:"Next steps for Aceh after the peace pact | Human Rights Watch" 4593: 2077:

violence in an effort to impose Sharia, for example, by conducting "

883:

to the east, its sole land border, and shares maritime borders with

6155:"Ini Hukuman Bagi Wanita Berpakaian Ketat, Celananya Disemprot Cat" 5771:"The Helsinki Agreement: A More Promising Basis for Peace in Aceh?" 3911:), and Kedah (Malaysia), and once dominated Penang. Aside from the 1234:

passed by Sumatra on his way home from China in 1292 he found that

7616: 4577: 4106: 4085: 4044: 3943: 3869: 3859: 3850:, Among the present day Acehnese can be found some individuals of 3339: 2570: 2208: 2194: 2182: 2038: 1879: 1780: 1692: 1624: 1548: 1527: 1478: 1430: 1363: 1326: 1318: 1239: 1223: 1218: 1199: 1193: 1177: 1157:, some evidence remains, such as the head of a stone sculpture of 1084: 1072: 1037: 935: 896: 497: 442: 102: 6975:

Rangkuman 100 Cerita Rakyat Indonesia: Dari Sabang Sampai Merauke

6182:"Hukuman Cambuk Pertama Terhadap Non Muslim di Aceh Jadi Sorotan" 5565:"Aceh residents disable tsunami warning system after false alarm" 3907:. Acehnese is also used as local language in Langkat and Asahan ( 1525:

During World War II, Japanese troops occupied Aceh. The Acehnese

681: 652: 7754: 7665: 7631: 3851: 3769:

The population of Aceh was not adequately documented during the

2190: 2138: 1759: 1731: 1354: 1334: 1194: 920: 7532: 7321: 7209:

Tempo: Indonesia's Weekly News Magazine, Volume 3, Issues 43–52

5737:. 15 August 2006. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017 4578:"Beyond Serandib: A Note on Lambri at the Northern Tip of Aceh" 4397:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022" 2217:

Administratively, the province now is subdivided into eighteen

1912:, a Finnish peace activist, and then formally facilitated by a 1884:

Martti Ahtisaari, facilitator in Aceh-Indonesia peace agreement

1653:

by deploying more than 12,000 Indonesian troops in the region.

5563:

MacKinnon, Ian; correspondent, south-east Asia (7 June 2007).

5119:. Vol. 1–4. Dewan Penjelidikan Sumatera. 1971. p. 35 4013:, in contravention of Indonesia's international obligations". 1888:

The 2004 tsunami helped trigger a peace agreement between the

676: 647: 7055:

20 [i. e Dua puluh] tahun Indonesia merdeka, Volume 7

5634: 5632: 5630: 5520:"Tsunami-Devastated Aceh, an Epicenter of Mental Health Woes" 4631:. Translated by Henry Yule. Dover Publications. p. 299. 1738:

estimates a 100% increase in prevalence of mild and moderate

760: 757: 6721:"Two Indonesians sentenced to 85 lashes of cane for gay sex" 6419: 6417: 4628:

The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition

4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 3648: 2011:

was elected as the provincial governor for 2007–2012 and in

1701:

The western coastal areas of Aceh, including the cities of

1337:. As was the case with most non-Javan pre-colonial states, 946:

was the most wealthy, powerful and cultivated state in the

763: 7036:

Sedjarah TNI-Angkatan Darat, 1945–1965. [Tjet. 1.]

7033:

Indonesia. Angkatan Darat. Pusat Sedjarah Militer (1965).

6130:. Human Rights Watch. 2010. pp. 13–17. Archived from 5835:

Veena Siddharth, Asia advocacy director (27 August 2005).

5498:

The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster

5229:

Sedjarah TNI-Angkatan Darat, 1945–1965. [Tjet. 1.]

5226:

Indonesia. Angkatan Darat. Pusat Sedjarah Militer (1965).

1392:

in the 17th century, Aceh's influence extended to most of

871:

being its capital and largest city. It is bordered by the

7261:

Autonomy and Armed Separatism in South and Southeast Asia

6253:

Aceh Government Removes Stoning Sentence From Draft Bylaw

5004:. 43–52. Vol. 3. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2003. p. 27 997:(1511–1945). Upon its formation in 1956 it bore the name 7309: 7294: 6885:

Graf, Arndt; Schroter, Susanne; Wieringa, Edwin (2010).

5323:

Peranan Teungku M. Daud Bereueh dalam Pergolakan di Aceh

4659:. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. 3918:

Alas and Kluet are closely related languages within the

1924:. The resulting peace agreement, generally known as the 1146:

records indicate that Aceh was under the control of the

732: 4454:

Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2005

4334:"Arti "Orang Aceh" Dalam UUPA Menurut KIP Subulussalam" 1841:

families that are dependent on living near to the sea.

1490:

Pirates operating from Aceh threatened commerce in the

5903:"Scientists urged to stand up for Aceh's biodiversity" 5380:"Daud Beureu'eh and The Darul Islam Rebellion in Aceh" 4824:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p 185–188. 4552:"Lamuri, Kerajaan Pertama di Aceh yang Beragama Hindu" 4379:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022" 907:

territory and the only Indonesian province practicing

6558:

Governance and capacity-building in post-crisis Aceh'

5257:. Vol. 7. Departemen Penerangan R.I. p. 545 4417:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional. 2201:, which calls for women to whip female perpetrators. 1770:

law, including the introduction of the controversial

772: 6358:"Indonesia's Aceh unveils new female flogging squad" 4282:

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 1956

4021:

Aceh has a variety of distinctive arts and culture.

2269:) was separated from Aceh Besar on 10 June 1965 and 2176:

International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia

2064: Sharia applies in full, including criminal law 1273:

that most of the kings of Sumatra from Aceh through

879:

to the northeast, as well bordering the province of

7882: 7839: 7816: 7773: 7745: 7707: 7664: 7592: 7478: 7366: 7185:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. 6925:

International Journal of Visual and Performing Arts

6277:

Six men caned for betting on passing buses in Aceh'

5901:Simanjuntak, Hotli; Sangaji, Ruslan (20 May 2013). 5190:

20 [i. e Dua puluh] tahun Indonesia merdeka

4816: 4814: 4812: 3846:Island). There is also a significant population of 2058: Sharia applies in personal status issues only 1168:Buddhas adorn his crown in front and on each side. 1013:(2009–present). In the past it was also spelled as 754: 727: 705: 692: 663: 634: 626: 609: 538: 486: 413: 408: 396: 388: 380: 372: 364: 359: 351: 343: 335: 327: 319: 314: 304: 294: 280: 270: 265: 251: 243: 233: 44: 6556:Edward Aspinall, Ben Hillman, and Peter McCawley, 5193:. Vol. 7. Departement Penerangan. p. 547 5116:Berita Kadjian Sumatera: Sumatra Research Bulletin 4319:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, 4175:is currently under construction, as a part of the 2331:The cities and regencies (subdivided into the 289 6122: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6019: 6017: 2277:from part of South Aceh Regency on 20 April, and 2261:; however on 14 November 1956 a seventh regency ( 1868:In 2009, the government opened a US$ 5.6 million 7138:(illustrated ed.). Random House Australia. 4467:"ExxonMobil plays "terrorist" card in Aceh case" 4399:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 4381:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 3616:of 5.7%. Persistent inflation means that Aceh's 3464:Manufacturing (incl. oil and gas manufacturing) 1892:and the Indonesian government. The mood in post- 1742:in Aceh's general population after the tsunami. 1576:, to the position of military governor of Aceh. 1295:The Sultanate of Aceh was established by Sultan 942:) around 1250 AD. In the early 17th century the 134: 87: 5933:"Gajah Sumatera Hanya Tersisa 460 Ekor di Aceh" 4764:. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge. p. 5. 2285:(from part of West Aceh Regency) on 4 October. 6972:Rouf, Irwan; Ananda, Shenia (1 January 2013). 5710:Centre for Strategic and International Studies 5336:Seputar Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia, Jilid II 5168:. Sedjarah Militer Dam II/BB. 1970. p. 12 3930:, with just a few variations and differences. 3814:, concentrated in southern and southwestern), 3608:impact of sudden aid flows into the province, 847: 814: 7544: 7333: 6538:Provincial Human Development Report Aceh 2010 6056:"Priorities for a GAM-Led Government in Aceh" 5659:"Preliminary Damage and Losses Assessment on" 4883:Linawati Sidarto, "Images of a grisly past", 4516:"Aceh as a Field for Ancient History Studies" 4428:"How An Escape Artist Became Aceh's Governor" 4074:(back porch). Another additional part is the 8: 6646:"Jokowi calls for calm amid clashes in Aceh" 5434:Aceh, Indonesia: Securing the Insecure State 5165:Sedjarah Iahirnja Tentara Nasional Indonesia 3639: 3364:Aceh is unique in Indonesia in grouping its 1333:, and Siak in what is today the province of 969:. Aceh was the closest point of land to the 7270:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 7182:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200 7076:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5317: 5315: 5211:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4968:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C. 1200 4919:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society, 4822:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 1317:and political influence expanded as far as 1172:art estimated 9th-century CE collection of 323:58,485.9 km (22,581.5 sq mi) 8004:States and territories established in 1956 7551: 7537: 7529: 7340: 7326: 7318: 7299: 6695:"Indonesian men caned for gay sex in Aceh" 4971:. Stanford University Press. p. 252. 4576:Mc.Kinnons, E.Edwards (10 November 1988). 4213:Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport 3922:group. The Jamee language originated from 3638: 3357:UU is an abbreviation from Undang-Undang ( 2341: 2312:(from part of Southeast Aceh Regency) and 1940:province needed to be addressed, however. 1726:struck the sea bed between the islands of 1713:, were among the areas hardest-hit by the 1633:with GAM commander Abdullah Syafei'i, 1999 1376:in 1511, many Islamic traders passing the 1277:were Muslim. At Pasai, in what is now the 1096:The history of Aceh stretches back to the 113: 41: 7520:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia 7085:Indonesia. Departemen Penerangan (1965). 6936: 6849: 6752:"Indonesia police cut trans women's hair" 5975: 5395: 5251:Indonesia. Departemen Penerangan (1965). 4601: 3964:and the Indonesian home affairs minister 848: 815: 6891:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 6301:Dozens of sharia vilators caned in Aceh' 5467:"Lawsuit Says Exxon Aided Rights Abuses" 4739:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 23. 4625:Marco Polo (1993). Henri Cordier (ed.). 3409: 2304:(both from parts of West Aceh Regency), 1876:Peace agreement and contemporary history 1689:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami 1269:reported in his early 16th-century book 1213:is thin and inconclusive. The historian 975:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami 39:Special Autonomous Province in Indonesia 6582:People's Representative Council of Aceh 6091:The Journal of Social Sciences Research 5896: 5894: 5731:"A happy, peaceful anniversary in Aceh" 4893:"Grisly Images | the Jakarta Post" 4657:The Indianized States of Southeast Asia 4245: 3786:(who are distributed throughout Aceh), 2229:). The capital and the largest city is 2019:was elected as governor for 2012–2017. 1673:sued ExxonMobil for human rights abuses 863:. It is located on the northern end of 726: 625: 608: 407: 395: 358: 350: 334: 313: 264: 250: 242: 232: 188: 145: 82: 64: 59: 7069: 6622:Closed churches lack permits: Gamawan' 6459:Hans Nicholas Jong (26 October 2023). 5748: 5584: 5574: 5546:"The day that changed tsunami science" 5431:Drexler, Elizabeth F. (6 April 2009). 5204: 4937:. Random House Australia. p. 47. 4921:April 2004, Vol. 52 Issue 2, pp 91–122 4762:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities 3999:process "until they really become men" 2281:(from part of North Aceh Regency) and 1513:Hasan Mustafa (1852–1930) was a chief 804: 7000:"Aceh: History, Politics and Culture" 6817:from the original on 24 November 2018 6338:from the original on 1 September 2017 5879:from the original on 5 September 2019 5665:from the original on 4 September 2009 5638:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. 4415:"Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" 1504:Gouvernment of Atjeh and Dependencies 1184:Beginnings of Islam in Southeast Asia 1092:inscription stored in the Aceh Museum 954:and later the Indonesian government. 783: 704: 691: 662: 633: 537: 485: 412: 387: 379: 371: 363: 342: 326: 318: 303: 293: 279: 269: 179: 131: 109: 7: 7163:Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Volume 1 7088:20 tahun Indonesia merdeka, Volume 7 7010:from the original on 24 October 2020 6953:from the original on 17 October 2020 6866:from the original on 19 October 2020 6701:from the original on 30 October 2018 6656:from the original on 15 October 2015 6440:from the original on 27 January 2021 6423:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. 6206:Hotli Simanjuntak and Ina Parlina, ' 6161:from the original on 8 December 2014 5781:from the original on 8 November 2019 5437:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 4340:from the original on 22 October 2020 4260:from the original on 14 October 2019 3955:. 98% of Aceh's population is Muslim 3903:and traditionally was written using 1388:rulers' wealth. During the reign of 6888:Aceh: History, Politics and Culture 6788:from the original on 16 August 2018 6731:from the original on 10 August 2021 6499:Aceh Economic Update November 2007. 5939:from the original on 21 August 2014 5843:from the original on 15 August 2007 4495:from the original on 31 August 2018 4361:Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity 4056:Aceh's traditional house is called 2316:(from part of South Aceh Regency). 1846:Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi 1372:After the Portuguese occupation of 930:began, and was a key factor of the 7259:Miller, Michelle Ann, ed. (2012). 7249:. London and New York: Routledge. 6402:from the original on 25 March 2020 6188:from the original on 15 April 2016 6180:Rachmadin Ismail (14 April 2016). 6026:"Global calls to save Aceh forest" 6010:from the original on 3 March 2012. 5684:"Indonesia Opens Tsunami Museum". 5526:from the original on 10 April 2014 5095:from the original on 15 March 2016 5065:from the original on 14 March 2016 4514:Daniel Perret (24 February 2007). 4184:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 2308:(from part of East Aceh Regency), 1724:2005 M8.6 Nias–Simeulue earthquake 1435:Map of Iskandar Muda's expeditions 1217:has argued that the region of the 1164:was discovered in Aceh. Images of 1005:(Aceh Special Region; 1959–2001), 934:. Islam reached Aceh (Kingdoms of 25: 7689:Special Capital Region of Jakarta 6758:from the original on 6 April 2019 6434:"Indeks-Pembangunan-Manusia-2021" 6370:from the original on 11 June 2020 6097:from the original on 11 June 2020 6066:from the original on 11 June 2020 6036:from the original on 4 March 2016 5802:Conflict Security and Development 5708:, translated by Tim Scott, 2009, 5412:from the original on 11 June 2020 5359:from the original on 11 June 2020 3624:, from Rp.537,000 to Rp.761,000. 2324:(from part of Pidie Regency) and 2145:for adultery by a married person. 1717:resulting from the magnitude 9.2 1605:Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo 932:spread of Islam in Southeast Asia 7979:1956 establishments in Indonesia 7655: 7469: 6231:Aceh Stoning Law Hits a New Wall 5477:from the original on 2 June 2020 5465:Banerjee, Neela (21 June 2001). 4523:National University of Singapore 4321:Kota Subussalam Dalam Angka 2024 4234:Acehnese local government system 1920:led by former Finnish president 1697:Aftermath of the tsunami in Aceh 899:to the north. Granted a special 750: 712: 711: 697: 696: 147: 69: 7179:Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (2001). 6596:"Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama" 6153:Edi Sumardi (4 December 2014). 5913:from the original on 5 May 2013 5025:"Sejarah Jejak Perlawanan Aceh" 4655:(1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). 4011:inhuman and degrading treatment 3790:(in central and eastern part), 3374:People's Representative Council 1988:from the central government in 1651:military operations against GAM 1202:, the first Islamic kingdom in 7243:Miller, Michelle Ann. (2009). 7135:Indonesia's Secret War in Aceh 6578:Qanun Aceh Tentang Bahasa Aceh 6324:Lizzie Dearden (17 May 2017). 5690:. March–April 2009. p. 3. 5085:"Waspada, Sabtu 17 Maret 2012" 5055:"Waspada, Sabtu 17 Maret 2012" 4965:Merle Calvin Ricklefs (2001). 4934:Indonesia's Secret War in Aceh 4843:. Cambridge U.P. p. 104. 3546:Banking & other financial 3529:Transport & communication 3512:Trade, hotels and restaurants 2225:) and five autonomous cities ( 1566:Indonesian War of Independence 1408:in their struggle against the 1400:. Aceh allied itself with the 903:status, Aceh is a religiously 1: 7160:Abdul Haris Nasution (1963). 6836:Pratiwy, Devi (August 2019). 6600:Ministry of Religious Affairs 5138:Abdul Haris Nasution (1963). 4090:Ratoh Jaroe dance performance 3481:Electricity and water supply 3413:Sector (% share of Aceh GDP) 1226:was in the Aceh region. When 347:3,466 m (11,371 ft) 309:Aceh House of Representatives 7694:Special Region of Yogyakarta 6518:Aceh Poverty Assessment 2008 5814:10.1080/14678802.2012.688291 5291:. KITLV Press. p. 189. 4804:A History of South-east Asia 4287:(in Indonesian) – via 3359:the Indonesia statute of law 2035:Islamic criminal law in Aceh 1918:Crisis Management Initiative 1668:In 2001, villagers from the 1190:Spread of Islam in Indonesia 1174:National Museum of Indonesia 1127:, or a combination thereof. 1001:before being renamed to the 928:spread of Islam in Indonesia 7890:Special Region of Surakarta 7091:. Departemen Penerangan R.I 6978:(in Indonesian). AnakKita. 6208:Aceh fully enforces Sharia' 6000:"Aceh: ecological war zone" 5378:Apipudin, Apipudin (2016). 4872:The Low Countries 1780–1940 4760:Skutsch, Carl, ed. (2005). 4052:, traditional house of Aceh 3995:operasi penyakit masyarakat 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2124:Qanun on Criminal Procedure 1968:since the 1970s. The first 1789:While parts of the capital 1313:, in the 17th century, its 893:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 275:Special autonomous province 54:Special Autonomous Province 8020: 6938:10.31763/viperarts.v1i2.70 5977:10.1177/194277861000300202 5254:20 tahun Indonesia merdeka 5141:Tentara Nasional Indonesia 4806:. London: Macmillan, 1955. 4521:. Asia Research Institute- 4411:Badan Pembangunan Nasional 4323:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.1175) 4173:Sigli–Banda Aceh Toll Road 3937: 3778:Ethnic and cultural groups 3430:Agriculture and fisheries 3390:Aceh II Electoral District 2032: 2021: 1686: 1614: 1542: 1499:Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler 1472: 1453:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 1288: 1265:The Portuguese apothecary 1187: 1115:as "idolaters", who had a 295: • Vice Governor 29: 7913: 7653: 7566: 7516: 7467: 7356: 7212:. Arsa Raya Perdana. 2003 6697:. BBC News. 23 May 2017. 6306:28 September 2015 at the 6282:25 September 2015 at the 5958:McGregor, Andrew (2010). 5755:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4471:downtoearth-indonesia.org 4211:Airports in Aceh include 4149:The king of the parakeets 3949:Baiturrahman Grand Mosque 3758: 3666:— 3382:Aceh I Electoral District 1736:World Health Organisation 1349:on the other side of the 1302:In 1584–88 the Bishop of 1009:(2001–2009), and back to 849: 816: 221:provincial administration 189: 180: 146: 132: 110: 83: 65: 60: 51: 7348:Regencies and cities of 7132:Martinkus, John (2004). 7058:. Departement Penerangan 6523:28 February 2008 at the 6504:28 February 2008 at the 4793:Ricklefs (1991), page 17 4784:Ricklefs (1991), page 7 4229:List of people from Aceh 4142:Aceh has a tradition of 3495:Building / construction 2205:Administrative divisions 1944:Ecology and biodiversity 1898:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 1406:Dutch East India Company 1007:Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam 993:Aceh was first known as 339:125 m (410 ft) 305: • Legislative 7994:Maritime Southeast Asia 7607:Bangka Belitung Islands 7266:Siegel, James T. 2000. 6851:10.18502/kss.v3i19.4846 6680:1 November 2019 at the 6627:26 October 2012 at the 5397:10.15408/bat.v22i1.7221 4931:John Martinkus (2004). 4733:Abuza, Zachary (2016). 4723:Ricklefs (1991), page 4 4208:in North Aceh Regency. 4200:is a train that serves 4177:Trans-Sumatra Toll Road 4146:, such as the folktale 3385:Representative Council. 2181:Whipping is the common 2086:, started to paint the 2013:elections in April 2012 1857:Government of Indonesia 1719:Indian Ocean earthquake 1539:Indonesian independence 1380:shifted their trade to 839: 801: 389: • Rank 114: 7999:Provinces of Indonesia 7560:Provinces of Indonesia 4874:(1978) pp 400–401 4820:Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) 4702:"Indra Patra Fortress" 4114: 4091: 4053: 3956: 3884: 3796:Southeast Aceh Regency 3351: 3176:Southeast Aceh Regency 3092:Southwest Aceh Regency 2271:Southeast Aceh Regency 2214: 2213:Municipalities of Aceh 2137:(intimacy or mixing), 2066: 1885: 1786: 1748:tsunami warning system 1698: 1640:Hasan Muhammad di Tiro 1634: 1629:Women soldiers of the 1557: 1554:Teungku Daud Beureu'eh 1487: 1436: 1369: 1206: 1093: 1082: 1046: 855:), is the westernmost 831: 620:Indonesia Western Time 557:(co-official regional) 384:94/km (240/sq mi) 344:Highest elevation 135: 88: 7004:bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 6563:29 March 2013 at the 6543:28 March 2013 at the 6516:World Bank, Jakarta, 6497:World Bank, Jakarta, 5661:. Web.worldbank.org. 5504:16 March 2012 at the 5353:moraref.kemenag.go.id 5232:. PUSSEMAD. p. 8 4433:3 August 2008 at the 4393:Badan Pusat Statistik 4375:Badan Pusat Statistik 4110: 4089: 4048: 4009:and amount to cruel, 4003:Amnesty International 3947: 3938:Further information: 3883:Speakers of Acehnese. 3882: 3771:Indonesia 2000 census 3761:Badan Pusat Statistik 3640:Historical population 3343: 2212: 2131:Qanun on Criminal Law 2042: 1883: 1850:Kuntoro Mangkusubroto 1784: 1696: 1628: 1562:religious ulama party 1552: 1482: 1434: 1367: 1197: 1088: 1076: 1041: 957:Aceh has substantial 641:211.8 trillion ( 352:Lowest elevation 287:Safrizal Zakaria Ali 32:Aceh (disambiguation) 27:Province of Indonesia 7989:Autonomous provinces 7747:Lesser Sunda Islands 7104:Jong, Louis (2002). 6314:, 19 September 2015. 6299:Hotli Simanjuntak, ' 6213:7 March 2018 at the 6062:. 29 December 2006. 5777:. 15 December 2005. 5657:Stefan G. Koeberle. 5321:*M Nur El-Ibrahimy, 5144:. Ganaco. p. 89 4714:Reid (1988 and 1993) 4704:. Indonesia Tourism. 4336:. 23 December 2017. 4217:Maimun Saleh Airport 4192:Kereta Api Indonesia 3924:Minangkabau language 3804:Aceh Tamiang Regency 3618:consumer price index 3601:... = less than 0.5% 3447:Oil, gas and mining 3349:Central Aceh Regency 3256:Aceh Singkil Regency 2968:Central Aceh Regency 2926:Bener Meriah Regency 2846:Aceh Tamiang Regency 2318:Bener Meriah Regency 2237:and six regencies – 2129:The other bill, the 1814:, and the island of 1428:in the 18th century. 1390:Sultan Iskandar Muda 1361:in rice production. 1357:rather than develop 1155:Indrapuri Old Mosque 1044:Aceh Tamiang Regency 1003:Daerah Istimewa Aceh 381: • Density 355:0 m (0 ft) 210:5.55694°N 95.32611°E 30:For other uses, see 7579:) • 7263:(Singapore: ISEAS). 6844:: 189–198–189–198. 6842:Kne Social Sciences 6813:. 30 January 2018. 6750:Indonesian (2018). 6652:. 14 October 2015. 6620:Bagus BT Saragih, ' 6486:UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 6398:. 31 January 2020. 6366:. 28 January 2020. 5552:. 24 December 2014. 5285:Louis Jong (2002). 5029:Atjeh Cyber Warrior 4489:djpk.kemenkeu.go.id 4070:(middle porch) and 4017:Traditional culture 3913:Indonesian language 3641: 2047:in Southeast Asia: 1950:Sumatran rhinoceros 1906:Indonesian military 1900:and vice president 1521:Japanese occupation 1130:The inscription at 670:39.2 million ( 655:44.5 billion ( 205: / 7841:Western New Guinea 7803:Southeast Sulawesi 7765:East Nusa Tenggara 7760:West Nusa Tenggara 7717:Central Kalimantan 7585:under construction 6684:The Guardian, 2019 6635:, 25 October 2012. 6258:2016-01-25 at the 6236:2016-01-25 at the 6221:, 7 February 2014. 6024:The Jakarta Post. 5935:. 19 August 2014. 5615:on 8 February 2014 5587:has generic name ( 5518:Wise, Cat (2011). 5471:The New York Times 4532:on 19 January 2008 4443:, 15 February 2007 4115: 4092: 4054: 4025:Traditional weapon 3977:to call for calm. 3957: 3885: 3820:South Aceh Regency 3763:2024 and previous. 3352: 3134:South Aceh Regency 3052:Nagan Raya Regency 2686:North Aceh Regency 2606:Pidie Jaya Regency 2448:Aceh Besar Regency 2322:Pidie Jaya Regency 2215: 2084:Tadzkiiratul Ummah 2067: 1886: 1787: 1699: 1670:North Aceh Regency 1663:state of emergency 1659:an offensive began 1635: 1631:Free Aceh Movement 1621:Insurgency in Aceh 1617:Free Aceh Movement 1611:Free Aceh Movement 1580:Acehnese rebellion 1558: 1488: 1437: 1384:and increased the 1370: 1351:Straits of Malacca 1347:Portuguese Malacca 1309:Later, during its 1279:North Aceh Regency 1207: 1111:were described by 1094: 1083: 1047: 1042:Mollusca piles in 983:Free Aceh Movement 926:Aceh is where the 822:), officially the 785:[aˈtʃɛ(h)] 664: - Per capita 365: • Total 320: • Total 84:Nickname(s): 7961: 7960: 7922:Current governors 7526: 7525: 7255:978-0-415-45467-4 7192:978-0-8047-4480-5 7145:978-1-74051-209-1 7117:978-90-6718-203-4 6985:978-602-9003-82-6 6898:978-981-4279-12-3 6598:(in Indonesian). 6290:, 27 August 2015. 6243:, 12 October 2009 6241:The Jakarta Globe 5718:978-979-1295-11-6 5444:978-0-8122-2071-1 5298:978-90-6718-203-4 5091:. 16 March 2012. 5061:. 16 March 2012. 4978:978-0-8047-4480-5 4944:978-1-74051-209-1 4850:978-0-521-35506-3 4746:978-1-4422-5757-3 4666:978-0-8248-0368-1 4491:(in Indonesian). 4078:(kitchen house). 4041:Traditional house 3889:Acehnese language 3880: 3810:(descendant from 3767: 3766: 3596: 3595: 3338: 3337: 3095:(Aceh Barat Daya) 3010:West Aceh Regency 2886:Gayo Lues Regency 2766:East Aceh Regency 2526:Aceh Jaya Regency 2326:Subulussalam City 2003:) levels. In the 1962:Sumatran elephant 1492:Strait of Malacca 1297:Ali Mughayat Syah 1285:Sultanate of Aceh 1258:school of Islam. 959:natural resources 944:Sultanate of Aceh 891:to the east, and 877:Strait of Malacca 743: 742: 650:14.3 billion 373: • Rank 328: • Rank 271: • Type 215:5.55694; 95.32611 16:(Redirected from 8011: 7883:Former provinces 7783:Central Sulawesi 7732:South Kalimantan 7727:North Kalimantan 7659: 7553: 7546: 7539: 7530: 7473: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7319: 7314: 7310:Local App Portal 7306: 7303: 7298: 7297: 7295:Official website 7221: 7219: 7217: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7081: 7075: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 6996: 6990: 6989: 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6940: 6916: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6853: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6691: 6685: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6661: 6650:Channel NewsAsia 6642: 6636: 6633:The Jakarta Pose 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6602:. 31 August 2022 6592: 6586: 6585: 6574: 6568: 6554: 6548: 6534: 6528: 6514: 6508: 6495: 6489: 6484:Law No. 7/2017 ( 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6321: 6315: 6312:The Jakarta Post 6297: 6291: 6288:The Jakarta Post 6273: 6267: 6250: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6219:The Jakarta Post 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6134:on 16 April 2013 6124: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6030:The Jakarta Post 6021: 6012: 6011: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5979: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5907:The Jakarta Post 5898: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5884: 5878: 5871: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5775:East-West Center 5767: 5761: 5760: 5754: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5727: 5721: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5614: 5608:. Archived from 5607: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5582: 5580: 5572: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5515: 5509: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5399: 5384:Buletin Al-Turas 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5345: 5339: 5334:*A.H. Nasution, 5332: 5326: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5282: 5276: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5051: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5035:on 27 April 2016 5031:. Archived from 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4928: 4922: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4895:. Archived from 4886:The Jakarta Post 4881: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4835:Nicholas Tarling 4831: 4825: 4818: 4807: 4802:*D. G. E. Hall, 4800: 4794: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4757: 4751: 4750: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4698: 4692: 4691: 4689:Islam in 1205 AD 4685: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4649: 4643: 4642: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4605: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4531: 4525:. Archived from 4520: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4463: 4457: 4456:. 2005, page 172 4452:United Nations. 4450: 4444: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4324: 4317: 4302: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4286: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4250: 4068:seuramoë teungoh 3881: 3655: 3650: 3642: 3410: 3333: 3303:Simeulue Regency 3293: 3246: 3208: 3166: 3124: 3082: 3042: 3000: 2958: 2916: 2876: 2836: 2798: 2756: 2718: 2676: 2636: 2596: 2556: 2516: 2478: 2438: 2342: 2195:drinking alcohol 2104:Wilayatul Hisbah 2063: 2057: 2051: 2024:Governor of Aceh 1999:) and district ( 1922:Martti Ahtisaari 1916:-based NGO, the 1910:Juha Christensen 1848:(BRR) headed by 1772:Wilayatul Hisbah 1740:mental disorders 1683:Tsunami disaster 1359:self sufficiency 1069:Pre-Islamic Aceh 854: 853: 851: 824:Province of Aceh 821: 820: 818: 808: 795: 794: 793: 787: 782: 775: 770: 769: 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 739: 736: 734: 723: 715: 714: 700: 699: 417: 256: 255:and largest city 229: 228: 226: 225: 224: 222: 217: 216: 211: 206: 203: 202: 201: 198: 169: 167: 159: 157: 151: 140: 125: 117: 99: 91: 73: 61:Province of Aceh 42: 21: 8019: 8018: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8008: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7956: 7909: 7895:Central Sumatra 7878: 7869:Southwest Papua 7835: 7812: 7769: 7741: 7737:West Kalimantan 7722:East Kalimantan 7703: 7660: 7651: 7588: 7562: 7557: 7527: 7522: 7512: 7474: 7465: 7362: 7352: 7346: 7313:(in Indonesian) 7312: 7305:(in Indonesian) 7304: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7268:The rope of God 7228: 7226:Further reading 7215: 7213: 7206: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7178: 7169: 7167: 7159: 7150: 7148: 7146: 7131: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7103: 7094: 7092: 7084: 7068: 7061: 7059: 7051: 7042: 7040: 7032: 7029: 7024: 7023: 7013: 7011: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6986: 6971: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6869: 6867: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6727:. 17 May 2017. 6719: 6718: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6693: 6692: 6688: 6682:Wayback Machine 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6629:Wayback Machine 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6565:Wayback Machine 6555: 6551: 6545:Wayback Machine 6535: 6531: 6525:Wayback Machine 6515: 6511: 6506:Wayback Machine 6496: 6492: 6483: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6422: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6395:The Japan Times 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6331:The Independent 6323: 6322: 6318: 6308:Wayback Machine 6298: 6294: 6284:Wayback Machine 6274: 6270: 6260:Wayback Machine 6251: 6247: 6238:Wayback Machine 6229: 6225: 6215:Wayback Machine 6205: 6201: 6191: 6189: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6110: 6100: 6098: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6039: 6037: 6023: 6022: 6015: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5964:Human Geography 5957: 5956: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5931: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5900: 5899: 5892: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5869: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5747: 5740: 5738: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5699: 5695: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5637: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5583: 5573: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5529: 5527: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5506:Wayback Machine 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5430: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5333: 5329: 5320: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5203: 5196: 5194: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5053: 5052: 5048: 5038: 5036: 5022: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4916: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4899:on 27 June 2011 4891: 4882: 4878: 4870:E.H. Kossmann, 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4594:10.2307/3351047 4588:(46): 102–121. 4575: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4518: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4498: 4496: 4483: 4482: 4478: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4435:Wayback Machine 4426: 4422: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4318: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4254:"Salinan arsip" 4252: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4225: 4169: 4144:oral literature 4140: 4105: 4084: 4066:(front porch), 4043: 4027: 4019: 3983: 3970:Singkil regency 3942: 3936: 3870: 3868: 3780: 3637: 3602: 3400: 3362: 3345:Lake Laut Tawar 3331: 3291: 3260: 3259:(including the 3258: 3244: 3206: 3179:(Aceh Tenggara) 3178: 3164: 3136: 3122: 3094: 3080: 3040: 3012: 2998: 2970: 2956: 2932: 2914: 2874: 2834: 2796: 2768: 2754: 2716: 2688: 2674: 2646:Bireuen Regency 2634: 2594: 2554: 2514: 2476: 2436: 2402:2021 estimates 2401: 2394: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2366: 2358: 2353: 2351: 2346: 2207: 2185:punishment for 2167:Bireuën Regency 2113:In April 2009, 2065: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2037: 2031: 2026: 1982:daerah istimewa 1978: 1946: 1932:dispatched 300 1878: 1728:Simeulue Island 1691: 1685: 1623: 1615:Main articles: 1613: 1582: 1547: 1541: 1523: 1477: 1471: 1414:Johor Sultanate 1398:Malay Peninsula 1378:Malacca Straits 1331:Malay Peninsula 1293: 1287: 1192: 1186: 1159:Avalokiteshvara 1079:Avalokiteshvara 1071: 1036: 1031: 995:Aceh Darussalam 991: 952:Dutch colonists 948:Malacca Straits 913:Acehnese people 806:[atʃeh] 790: 789: 788: 780: 773: 753: 749: 731: 721: 680: 675: 651: 646: 605: 534: 482: 415: 254: 253: 247:7 December 1956 244:Province status 220: 218: 214: 212: 208: 207: 204: 199: 196: 194: 192: 191: 185: 184: 176: 175: 165: 164: 155: 154: 141: 128: 126: 119: 111:Motto(s): 106: 100: 93: 86: 79: 78: 77: 76: 56: 47: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8017: 8015: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7966: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7932:GRP per capita 7929: 7924: 7918: 7914: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7897: 7892: 7886: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7854:Highland Papua 7851: 7845: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7822: 7820: 7818:Maluku Islands 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7798:South Sulawesi 7795: 7793:North Sulawesi 7790: 7785: 7779: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7670: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7598: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7558: 7556: 7555: 7548: 7541: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7484: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7456:Southwest Aceh 7453: 7451:Southeast Aceh 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7372: 7370: 7364: 7363: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7347: 7345: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7307: 7288: 7287:External links 7285: 7284: 7283: 7264: 7257: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7227: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7204: 7191: 7176: 7157: 7144: 7129: 7116: 7101: 7082: 7049: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7021: 6991: 6984: 6964: 6911: 6897: 6877: 6828: 6799: 6769: 6742: 6712: 6686: 6667: 6637: 6613: 6587: 6569: 6549: 6529: 6509: 6490: 6477: 6451: 6425: 6413: 6381: 6349: 6316: 6292: 6268: 6245: 6223: 6199: 6172: 6145: 6108: 6077: 6047: 6013: 5991: 5950: 5924: 5890: 5854: 5827: 5808:(2): 149–169. 5792: 5762: 5722: 5702:Hamid Awaludin 5693: 5676: 5649: 5640: 5626: 5594: 5555: 5537: 5510: 5488: 5457: 5443: 5423: 5390:(1): 145–167. 5370: 5340: 5327: 5311: 5297: 5277: 5268: 5243: 5218: 5179: 5155: 5130: 5106: 5076: 5046: 5023:atjehcyberID. 5015: 4991: 4977: 4957: 4943: 4923: 4910: 4876: 4863: 4849: 4837:, ed. (1992). 4826: 4808: 4795: 4786: 4777: 4770: 4752: 4745: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4693: 4672: 4665: 4653:Coedès, George 4644: 4638:978-0486275871 4637: 4617: 4568: 4543: 4506: 4476: 4473:. August 2002. 4458: 4445: 4420: 4402: 4384: 4366: 4351: 4325: 4303: 4294: 4271: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4221: 4202:Krueng Geukueh 4168: 4167:Transportation 4165: 4139: 4136: 4104: 4101: 4083: 4080: 4072:seuramoë likôt 4042: 4039: 4035: 4034: 4026: 4023: 4018: 4015: 4007:public shaming 3982: 3979: 3962:Zaini Abdullah 3935: 3932: 3867: 3864: 3800:Tamiang-Malays 3779: 3776: 3765: 3764: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3636: 3633: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3394: 3386: 3353: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3265: 3262:Banyak Islands 3253: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3138: 3137:(Aceh Selatan) 3131: 3127: 3126: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3003: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2389: 2382: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2355: 2348: 2314:Southwest Aceh 2206: 2203: 2147: 2146: 2127: 2122:One bill, the 2060: 2054: 2048: 2033:Main article: 2030: 2027: 2017:Zaini Abdullah 2005:2006 elections 1977: 1974: 1954:Sumatran tiger 1945: 1942: 1930:European Union 1877: 1874: 1687:Main article: 1684: 1681: 1612: 1609: 1601:Daud Beureu'eh 1581: 1578: 1572:party leader, 1543:Main article: 1540: 1537: 1522: 1519: 1484:General Köhler 1473:Main article: 1470: 1467: 1446:Tuanku Ibrahim 1402:Ottoman Empire 1291:Aceh Sultanate 1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1211:Southeast Asia 1204:Southeast Asia 1185: 1182: 1107:The people of 1070: 1067: 1063:faunal remains 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 990: 987: 741: 740: 729: 725: 724: 709: 703: 702: 694: 693: - Growth 690: 689: 665: 661: 660: 636: 632: 631: 628: 624: 623: 613: 607: 606: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 552: 545: 543: 536: 535: 533: 532: 526: 520: 519: 518: 512: 500: 493: 491: 484: 483: 481: 480: 469: 463: 457: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 420: 418: 411: 410: 406: 405: 400: 394: 393: 390: 386: 385: 382: 378: 377: 374: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 357: 356: 353: 349: 348: 345: 341: 340: 337: 333: 332: 329: 325: 324: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 306: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 285: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 263: 262: 257: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 230: 187: 186: 182: 181: 178: 177: 153: 152: 144: 143: 130: 129: 112: 108: 107: 85: 81: 80: 74: 68: 67: 66: 63: 62: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 45: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8016: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7942:Highest point 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7912: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7849:Central Papua 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7808:West Sulawesi 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7772: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7706: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7658: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7642:South Sumatra 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7627:North Sumatra 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7595: 7591: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7549: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7343: 7338: 7336: 7331: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7320: 7311: 7308: 7302: 7296: 7291: 7290: 7286: 7281: 7277: 7276:0-472-08682-0 7273: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7183: 7177: 7165: 7164: 7158: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7130: 7119: 7113: 7109: 7108: 7102: 7090: 7089: 7083: 7079: 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6264:Jakarta Globe 6261: 6257: 6254: 6249: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6227: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6187: 6183: 6176: 6173: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6146: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6096: 6093:: 743–747:2. 6092: 6088: 6081: 6078: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6048: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6009: 6005: 6004:Down to Earth 6001: 5995: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5951: 5938: 5934: 5928: 5925: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5875: 5868: 5866: 5858: 5855: 5842: 5838: 5831: 5828: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5793: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5763: 5758: 5752: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5697: 5694: 5689: 5688: 5687:The Irrawaddy 5680: 5677: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5611: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5492: 5489: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5458: 5446: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5427: 5424: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5371: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5300: 5294: 5290: 5289: 5281: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5256: 5255: 5247: 5244: 5231: 5230: 5222: 5219: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5191: 5183: 5180: 5167: 5166: 5159: 5156: 5143: 5142: 5134: 5131: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5107: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5050: 5047: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5019: 5016: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4992: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4958: 4946: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4927: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4887: 4880: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4773: 4771:1-57958-468-3 4767: 4763: 4756: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4729: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4711: 4708: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4648: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4569: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4507: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4480: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4424: 4421: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4367: 4362: 4355: 4352: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4283: 4275: 4272: 4259: 4255: 4249: 4246: 4239: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4088: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4064:seuramoë keuë 4061: 4060: 4051: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3989: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3971: 3967: 3966:Gamawan Fauzi 3963: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3940:Islam in Aceh 3933: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3914: 3910: 3909:North Sumatra 3906: 3905:Arabic script 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3622:North Sumatra 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3606:Dutch disease 3600: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3367: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3329: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3289: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3242: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3204: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3170: 3162: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3120: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3078: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3004: 2996: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971:(Aceh Tengah) 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2954: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931:Simpang Tiga 2929: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2912: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2872: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2832: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2794: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2752: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2714: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2672: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2632: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2592: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2566:Pidie Regency 2564: 2561: 2560: 2552: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2512: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2474: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2434: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2390: 2383: 2376: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2349: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2288:The towns of 2286: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2151:Irwandi Yusuf 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2028: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009:Irwandi Yusuf 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1966:deforestation 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1866: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:Pidie Regency 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1695: 1690: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1597:North Sumatra 1594: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1545:Cumbok affair 1538: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1298: 1292: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271:Suma Oriental 1268: 1263: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1057:are present. 1056: 1055:shell middens 1052: 1051:Tamiang River 1045: 1040: 1033: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 988: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 955: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 881:North Sumatra 878: 875:to the west, 874: 870: 867:island, with 866: 862: 858: 845: 841: 840:Nanggroë Acèh 837: 833: 832:Provinsi Aceh 829: 825: 812: 807: 803: 799: 792: 786: 778: 777: 768: 747: 738: 730: 719: 710: 708: 695: 687: 683: 678: 673: 669: 666: 658: 654: 649: 644: 640: 637: 635: - Total 629: 627:GDP (nominal) 621: 617: 614: 612: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 546: 544: 542: 539: • 531: 527: 525: 521: 517: 513: 511: 507: 506: 505: 501: 499: 495: 494: 492: 490: 487: • 478: 474: 470: 468: 464: 462: 458: 456: 452: 450: 446: 444: 440: 438: 434: 432: 428: 426: 422: 421: 419: 416:Ethnic groups 414: • 404: 401: 399: 391: 383: 375: 367: 354: 346: 338: 330: 322: 310: 307: 300: 297: 290: 286: 284: 281: • 276: 273: 261: 258: 246: 239: 236: 227: 190:Coordinates: 183:OpenStreetMap 174: 173: 162: 150: 139: 138: 127:"Five Ideals" 123: 116: 104: 97: 90: 89:Serambi Mekah 72: 55: 50: 43: 37: 33: 19: 7947:Poverty rate 7915: 7903: 7831:North Maluku 7679:Central Java 7647:West Sumatra 7637:Riau Islands 7601: 7584: 7576: 7508:Subulussalam 7406:Central Aceh 7396:Bener Meriah 7391:Aceh Tamiang 7386:Aceh Singkil 7349: 7280:ethnographic 7278:; A classic 7267: 7260: 7245: 7214:. 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Retrieved 6029: 6006:(47). 2000. 6003: 5994: 5970:(2): 21–34. 5967: 5963: 5953: 5941:. Retrieved 5927: 5915:. Retrieved 5906: 5881:. Retrieved 5864: 5857: 5845:. Retrieved 5830: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5783:. Retrieved 5774: 5765: 5739:. Retrieved 5734: 5725: 5705: 5696: 5685: 5679: 5667:. Retrieved 5652: 5643: 5617:. Retrieved 5610:the original 5597: 5585:|last2= 5569:The Guardian 5568: 5558: 5550:PBS NewsHour 5549: 5540: 5528:. Retrieved 5513: 5497: 5491: 5479:. Retrieved 5470: 5460: 5448:. Retrieved 5433: 5426: 5414:. Retrieved 5387: 5383: 5373: 5361:. Retrieved 5352: 5343: 5335: 5330: 5322: 5302:. Retrieved 5287: 5280: 5271: 5259:. Retrieved 5253: 5246: 5234:. Retrieved 5228: 5221: 5195:. Retrieved 5189: 5182: 5170:. Retrieved 5164: 5158: 5146:. Retrieved 5140: 5133: 5121:. Retrieved 5115: 5109: 5097:. Retrieved 5088: 5079: 5067:. Retrieved 5058: 5049: 5037:. Retrieved 5033:the original 5028: 5018: 5006:. Retrieved 5000: 4994: 4982:. Retrieved 4967: 4960: 4948:. 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Retrieved 4248: 4210: 4195: 4181: 4170: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4147: 4141: 4116: 4093: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4036: 4020: 3994: 3992: 3984: 3981:Human rights 3958: 3928:West Sumatra 3917: 3886: 3832:Subulussalam 3781: 3768: 3635:Demographics 3626: 3603: 3598: 3405: 3401: 3389: 3381: 3371: 3363: 3354: 3218:Subulussalam 3013:(Aceh Barat) 2891:Blangkejeren 2769:(Aceh Timur) 2689:(Aceh Utara) 2336: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2306:Aceh Tamiang 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2275:Aceh Singkil 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2255:Central Aceh 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2180: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2159: 2154: 2148: 2130: 2123: 2112: 2101: 2094: 2092: 2068: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1981: 1979: 1947: 1938: 1926:Helsinki MOU 1887: 1867: 1854: 1843: 1832: 1788: 1764: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1730:in Aceh and 1700: 1667: 1655: 1644: 1636: 1587: 1583: 1574:Daud Bereueh 1569: 1559: 1526: 1524: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1496: 1489: 1450: 1442:black pepper 1438: 1371: 1321:in southern 1308: 1301: 1294: 1270: 1264: 1260: 1215:Anthony Reid 1208: 1162:Boddhisattva 1152: 1129: 1106: 1102:Islamization 1095: 1048: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 992: 956: 925: 905:conservative 873:Indian Ocean 850:نڠڬرواي اچيه 823: 745: 744: 684:8,229 ( 529: 510:Protestanism 504:Christianity 409:Demographics 298: 288: 170: 160: 142:"Noble Aceh" 75:Coat of arms 36: 7984:Andaman Sea 7864:South Papua 7498:Lhokseumawe 5839:. Hrw.org. 5712:, Jakarta. 5619:21 February 5304:15 December 5261:15 December 5236:15 December 5197:15 December 5172:15 December 5148:15 December 5123:15 December 5008:15 December 4984:15 December 4950:15 December 4888:: Weekender 4856:15 December 4219:in Sabang. 4206:Krueng Mane 4097:Saman dance 3975:Joko Widodo 3893:Aceh-Chamic 3812:Minangkabau 3808:Aneuk Jamee 3057:Suka Makmue 2851:Karang Baru 2728:Lhokseumawe 2411:Sabang City 2365:Established 2290:Lhokseumawe 2267:Sabang City 2199:Islamic law 2115:Partai Aceh 1902:Jusuf Kalla 1835:buffer zone 1828:Lhokseumawe 1593:Islamic Law 1248:Ibn Batutah 1219:Cham people 1059:Stone tools 967:natural gas 781:Indonesian: 516:Catholicism 471:4% others ( 213: / 7968:Categories 7900:East Timor 7874:West Papua 7709:Kalimantan 7518:See also: 7488:Banda Aceh 7446:South Aceh 7436:Pidie Jaya 7426:North Aceh 7421:Nagan Raya 7376:Aceh Besar 7360:Banda Aceh 7039:. PUSSEMAD 7027:References 7014:16 October 6957:16 October 6904:24 October 6870:16 October 6660:14 October 6606:29 October 6444:30 January 6334:. London. 6165:4 December 5735:Asia Times 5450:24 October 4603:1813/53892 4561:24 October 4556:detik news 4536:29 January 4344:16 October 4289:Wikisource 4264:14 October 4197:Cut Meutia 4188:Atjeh Tram 4171:The 74-km 4138:Literature 4120:nasi gurih 4076:rumoh dapu 4059:Rumoh Aceh 4050:Rumoh Aceh 3953:Banda Aceh 3315:UU 48/1999 3275:UU 14/1999 3148:UU 24/1956 3099:Blangpidie 3024:UU 24/1956 2982:UU 24/1956 2940:UU 41/2003 2780:UU 24/1956 2773:Idi Rayeuk 2700:UU 24/1956 2658:UU 48/1999 2578:UU 24/1956 2498:UU 24/1956 2488:Banda Aceh 2460:UU 24/1956 2420:UU 10/1965 2367:by statute 2302:Nagan Raya 2263:South Aceh 2247:North Aceh 2239:Aceh Besar 2235:Banda Aceh 2231:Banda Aceh 2022:See also: 1976:Government 1862:World Bank 1791:Banda Aceh 1703:Banda Aceh 1677:ExxonMobil 1533:Ulèëbalang 1451:Under the 1410:Portuguese 1382:Banda Aceh 1311:golden era 1267:Tome Pires 1232:Marco Polo 1230:traveller 1188:See also: 1170:Srivijayan 1136:Rajendra I 1113:Marco Polo 1081:from Aceh. 1034:Prehistory 979:separatist 901:autonomous 869:Banda Aceh 828:Indonesian 561:Alas-Kluet 551:(official) 549:Indonesian 360:Population 266:Government 260:Banda Aceh 219: ( 200:95°19′34″E 197:05°33′25″N 137:Aceh Mulia 101:"Porch of 96:Indonesian 7952:ISO codes 7788:Gorontalo 7699:West Java 7684:East Java 7581:Nusantara 7461:West Aceh 7416:Gayo Lues 7411:East Aceh 7381:Aceh Jaya 7368:Regencies 7358:Capital: 7072:cite book 6947:2684-9259 6860:201382724 6735:10 August 6342:23 August 6101:9 January 6070:9 January 5986:132046525 5943:19 August 5883:9 January 5822:154463777 5785:9 January 5577:cite news 5416:9 January 5406:2579-5848 5363:9 January 5349:"Moraref" 5207:cite book 4582:Indonesia 4499:31 August 3866:Languages 3862:descent. 3751:5,512,219 3740:5,274,871 3729:4,993,385 3718:4,494,410 3707:3,930,905 3696:3,847,583 3685:3,416,156 3674:2,611,271 3663:2,008,595 3614:Indonesia 3610:inflation 3563:Services 3228:UU 8/2007 3190:UU 7/1974 3141:Tapaktuan 3106:UU 4/2002 3064:UU 4/2002 2898:UU 4/2002 2858:UU 4/2002 2818:UU 3/2001 2738:UU 2/2001 2693:Lhoksukon 2618:UU 7/2007 2538:UU 4/2002 2515:Very High 2337:kecamatan 2333:districts 2310:Gayo Lues 2298:Aceh Jaya 2259:West Aceh 2251:East Aceh 2223:kabupaten 2219:regencies 2075:vigilante 2001:kecamatan 1997:kabupaten 1970:wood pulp 1958:Orangutan 1824:Samalanga 1802:, Lamno, 1776:education 1315:territory 1299:in 1511. 1275:Palembang 1236:Peureulak 1148:Sriwijaya 1140:Majapahit 1125:Buddhists 981:group of 971:epicenter 861:Indonesia 611:Time zone 541:Languages 368:5,512,219 336:Elevation 238:Indonesia 172:Indonesia 115:Pancacita 7916:Lists by 7904:de facto 7775:Sulawesi 7612:Bengkulu 7441:Simeulue 7216:10 March 7198:10 March 7170:10 March 7166:. Ganaco 7151:10 March 7123:10 March 7095:10 March 7062:10 March 7043:10 March 7008:Archived 6951:Archived 6864:Archived 6815:Archived 6786:Archived 6782:PinkNews 6756:Archived 6729:Archived 6699:Archived 6678:Archived 6654:Archived 6625:Archived 6561:Archived 6541:Archived 6521:Archived 6502:Archived 6465:Mongabay 6438:Archived 6406:24 April 6400:Archived 6374:24 April 6368:Archived 6336:Archived 6304:Archived 6280:Archived 6256:Archived 6234:Archived 6211:Archived 6192:14 April 6186:Archived 6159:Archived 6095:Archived 6064:Archived 6034:Archived 6008:Archived 5937:Archived 5911:Archived 5874:Archived 5841:Archived 5779:Archived 5751:cite web 5663:Archived 5530:13 April 5524:Archived 5502:Archived 5481:23 April 5475:Archived 5410:Archived 5357:Archived 5093:Archived 5063:Archived 4493:Archived 4431:Archived 4413:(2023). 4395:(2023). 4377:(2023). 4338:Archived 4258:Archived 4223:See also 4128:mi caluk 4124:mie aceh 4112:Mie aceh 3934:Religion 3844:Simeulue 3836:Simeulue 3784:Acehnese 3759:Source: 3393:Council. 3366:villages 3318:1,838.10 3308:Sinabang 3278:1,857.88 3231:1,391.00 3193:4,242.04 3183:Kutacane 3151:4,173.82 3109:1,882.99 3067:3,544.90 3027:2,927.95 3017:Meulaboh 2985:4,527.58 2975:Takengon 2943:1,941.61 2933:Redelong 2901:5,549.91 2861:1,957.02 2783:6,040.60 2703:3,296.86 2661:1,796.97 2611:Meureudu 2581:3,184.46 2541:3,872.23 2463:2,903.49 2395:estimate 2393:mid 2023 2352:City or 2283:Simeulue 2191:adultery 2187:gambling 2135:ikhtilat 1986:autonomy 1934:monitors 1816:Simeulue 1711:Meulaboh 1515:penghulu 1475:Aceh War 1469:Aceh War 1418:Pariaman 1412:and the 1404:and the 1396:and the 1386:Acehnese 1339:Acehnese 1323:Thailand 1252:Moroccan 1228:Venetian 1166:Amitabha 1117:Maharaja 1077:Head of 889:Thailand 885:Malaysia 857:province 836:Acehnese 798:Acehnese 733:acehprov 596:Simeulue 555:Acehnese 524:Buddhism 508:– 1.26% 489:Religion 455:Simeulue 431:Javanese 425:Acehnese 403:Acehnese 289:(Acting) 283:Governor 133:Anthem: 7622:Lampung 7594:Sumatra 7577:current 7573:Jakarta 7569:Capital 7401:Bireuen 6821:9 March 6811:Reuters 6792:9 March 6762:9 March 6725:Reuters 6705:21 July 6584:. 2022. 6470:25 June 6138:2 April 5847:13 July 5741:13 July 5669:13 July 5522:. 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