Long-range acoustic device - Knowledge (XXG)

826: 1276: 877:. Protesters at the June 1, 2020 Washington, D.C. George Floyd protests said police gave little or no warning before employing aggressive tactics against them. A 2015 settlement requires federal police to give large crowds several loud dispersal orders before deploying chemical irritants and other dispersion tools. Using an LRAD to issue loud protest dispersal orders would have complied with the 2015 settlement requirement. In September 2020, it was revealed that federal officials had explored the use of the device and the 1201: 897:

Office on April 18, 2017. Sheriff Tom Allman said the device would aid in searches for missing persons, most often hunters and mushroom pickers, which cost the county tens of thousands of dollars. He said the LRAD might have made the intense 2011 manhunt for Aaron Bassler a little easier, and that it could be used to warn of a tsunami. MCSO found LRAD useful out of a low-flying plane, and it could help in a barricaded-person situation to communicate from the outside of the building.

1013:. The group identified themselves as part of the "Rise of the Moors" movement, or "Moorish Americans". The self styled militia group was traveling between Rhode Island and Maine when an MSP trooper came across their convoy refueling. The group had multiple firearms in their possession, and admitted to not having proper carrying requirements. Several fled into the surrounding forest, at which point the LRAD was deployed. The group was taken into custody without further incident. 1262: 1293: 1617: 1459: 1634: 1536: 1421: 866:

sidewalks. Rochester NY police used verbal warnings and an LRAD to help disperse disorderly crowds during the August 2019 Puerto Rican Festival. Rochester, NY police used a Long Range Acoustic Device to make announcements to protesters that they were unlawfully in the roadway and obstructing traffic on September 12, 2020. The device was also used at the September 16, 2020 protest in front of Rochester city hall.

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other emergencies. "ShakeAlert will notify and protect our Station firefighters, but we also believe coupled with the LRAD public address system, it can help to bridge the 'notification gap' as another important public safety tool and option for community early warning messaging for earthquakes as well as for fire and flooding information and evacuation signaling," said Fire Chief Harold Schapelhouman.

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California locations. "We believe that the purchase and installation of LRAD goes a long way to improve the resiliency and redundancy of our communication systems," Mill Valley Fire Chief Tom Welch said. "LRAD systems are highly effective in communicating warnings, instructions, and notifications throughout incident sites and over vast areas during life-threatening events."

1570: 1480: 1249: 1553: 1408: 1370: 48: 40: 1093: 1002:. The University Hill Incident occurred when code enforcement and members of Boulder Police's Neighborhood Impact Team were unable to disperse partygoers who were congregating against Boulders public health order. LRAD was used after students and other partygoers began throwing rocks at SWAT vehicles and officers. 1050:

siren system," said Fire District Emergency Manager Ryan Zollicoffer. "Not only because of the voice capability, but the modular-mobility benefit is something that appeals to first responders because it can be used for a variety of public safety purposes and better moved around if that's needed or desired."

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2011 and Marsz Niepodległości (National Independence Day March) 2011 and 2012. Lacking a way to utilize the LRADs purchased to their full potential sparked an investigation suspecting corruption behind their acquisition. National Police Headquarters spokesman Mariusz Sokolowski defended the purchase

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as well as various reflective horns. The focus of an AHD is typically measured at the frequency of peak directionality. This is typically in the 1–2 kHz range. Not all frequencies of sound are able to be directed equally. Lower frequencies in the bass range are difficult to form. As such, their

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Public safety officials in Berkeley, California unveiled the city's new Genasys emergency warning network during the September 17, 2023 Fire Ready Fest. Ten systems that broadcast both sirens and voice messages have been installed on buildings throughout Berkeley to provide another layer of reaching

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The Menlo Park Fire District demonstrated its Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) community notification system on April 18, 2019. The fire district also showed how the ShakeAlert system could eventually be tied together with its LRAD to provide area wide audible alerts for earthquake, flood, fire and

510:, the LRAD has an "alert" feature, which emits loud chirping or beeping sounds, which can be used at the top of the decibel range of the device. These sounds have been reported to cause pain and hearing damage. The use of the alert function for crowd control has been described as a "sound cannon" or 375:

and nulls where the pressure is essentially zero. The larger the speaker, and the higher the frequency, the longer the effective nearfield. The nearfield for this device is approximately 8 metres (26 ft). An LRAD can thus emit a targeted "beam" of sound at very high volume, up to 160 dB at

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established a requirement for an acoustic hailing device. The intent of this AHD was to provide the Navy with a means to establish the intent of an approaching vessel at a distance such that defensive measures could be taken should the vessel not heed a warning. One unique aspect of this requirement

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The Mill Valley Fire Department began testing its city's new LRAD installations on June 27, 2019. LRAD systems project both siren and voice recordings to alert and inform community members during large-scale disasters. The Long Range Acoustic Devices replaced siren-only systems in five Mill Valley,

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Menlo Park and Atherton, California police and fire officials attended a 'sound off' between a siren installation and an LRAD 360XT mobile voice mass notification system in April 2018. "The side by side test was very helpful and everyone agreed that the LRAD system completely outperformed the older

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The Phoenix, Arizona city council approved the purchase of two LRAD 500X systems in November 2018 "to give clear and concise messages to groups of people whenever we find it necessary". Police utilized a Long Range Acoustic device to declare an unlawful assembly in downtown Phoenix, Arizona, on May

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The Greensboro, North Carolina Police Department (GPD) purchased an LRAD 300X and demonstrated it for reporters in November 2015. Jonathan Franks, a GPD captain, said that it could be used for alerts for everything from riots to missing children to weather disasters, and that it could save lives in

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in Washington purchased an LRAD in response to claims that it did not adequately communicate orders to demonstrators during the summer 2020 protests. SPD's use of its LRAD was alleged to have caused ear damage to a peaceful demonstrator, although an internal SPD review deemed the allegations to be

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demonstrated a Long Range Acoustic Device to the local media on November 21, 2016. CPD expects to use the device for crowd control, barricaded suspect operations, and to communicate to residents during emergencies and natural disasters. The Cuyahoga County Sheriff's Department purchased Long Range

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The Salisbury, Maryland Police Department acquired an LRAD in October 2013 with proceeds from their speed cameras. On February 17, 2017, the Princess Anne Police Department deployed its LRAD system at the request of the Maryland State Police to disperse an unruly concert crowd on the campus of the

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in "loud hailer" mode for voice messages to be announced to the protesters, and there was speculation among protesters regarding purported harms from its use. However, there was no evidence that it was used as a siren. In addition, some reports appeared to confuse the LRAD with other crowd control

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During the dispersion of New Zealand's parliament protest in March 2022, LRAD were used by New Zealand police against the protesters. A document released under the Official Information Act (OIA), revealed two long range acoustic devices (LRADs) were deployed at the Parliament protest on March 2.

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used a vehicle-mounted LRAD on November 17, 2020, to repeatedly alert protesters on Wenceslas Square to follow COVID restrictions and wear masks. On that day, police supervised several rallies, meetings and demonstrations. Thousands of participants gathered at the largest protests in the Old Town

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encampment on the morning of 25 October 2011. Police in San Diego, California, used an LRAD on May 27, 2016, to order anti-Trump protesters to disperse. The Mendocino County (California) Board of Supervisors approved the purchase of a Long Range Acoustic Device for the Mendocino County Sheriff's

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specials. AHDs create sound that is in phase. Because of this, sound emitted from acoustic hailing devices is intelligible at distance. Clarity is difficult to measure, since it is a subjective reference. However, different scales have been created to compare devices. A common measurement is the

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of the acoustic source, the sensitivity and directionality of the receiver, and the transmission channel environment. The sound level diminishes or attenuates with distance. Consequently, as a general rule, higher source levels have greater range. Acoustic hailing devices can come in two forms;

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Police from several agencies, including North Dakota state troopers, the National Guard, and other law enforcement agencies from surrounding counties and states deployed two LRADs to clear a protest camp and blockades along Highway 1806. "Long Range Acoustic Devices, which emit an ear-splitting

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Local police in Leganés, Spain used a vehicle-mounted LRAD to deliver alerts and notifications to residents during the country-wide COVID-19 lockdown. According to Citizen Security, Communication and local government spokesman, Oscar Oliveira, "Because the acoustic device can be heard inside of

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in Midtown Manhattan. The NYPD used a Long Range Acoustic Device during the Baltimore solidarity rally in Union Square on April 29, 2015. An NYPD pickup truck equipped with an LRAD parked near protesters and broadcast a looped warning message about staying off the streets and not blocking the

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Myrtle Beach, South Carolina police obtained two LRAD systems through a federal grant in March 2015. Myrtle Beach police captain Marty Brown told the Myrtle Beach city council that "his department is getting the LRADs to enhance their communication capabilities be it with large crowds or for

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Following the impetus for its initial development, 25 navies have adopted the use of LRADs as of 2022, to provide protection for their vessels. Navy personnel can contact approaching vessels from over 3,000 m (9,800 ft) and respond defensively if necessary. They are also used by

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states that any sound pressure level over 90 dB requires hearing protection. As volume increases so does the chance of hearing loss. The effective non-lethal range of an AHD depends on the total acoustic output of the unit. Typically, this range is 50 metres (160 ft) or less.

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The Berkeley, California city council approved the installation of a Genasys outdoor warning system to alert residents of fires, earthquakes, tsunamis and other disasters. The system is capable of running on solar-powered battery backup and being controlled remotely via satellite.

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In October 2020, Laguna Beach, California, tested its expanded outdoor warning system of 13 Long Range Acoustic Devices mounted on buildings throughout the city. The solar-powered devices broadcast recorded evacuation messages in case cell service is disabled during a disaster.

237:, in 2003. Using this new technology, it became possible for naval personnel to contact approaching vessels which did not respond to radio calls from a distance of over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), enabling them to respond appropriately in a timely manner and avert danger. 3554: 2535: 745:. The Japanese fleet later escalated the use of LRAD, deploying it against a Sea Shepherd helicopter carrying a camera crew. Sea Shepherd noted that they had an LRAD of their own, but as of early 2010, had not put it into use other than to play a recording of " 2453: 1060:

In June 2019, Mill Valley, California, became the first city in the Bay Area to replace its sirens with LRAD community notification systems. The combined siren loudspeakers receive emergency messages via satellite and have backup batteries if the power fails.

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of LRAD. He also stressed that the police decided to make this investment because, "We needed good sound reinforcement equipment. With numerous demonstrations and gatherings, police need a public address system that allows you to reach thousands of people."

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border. These were tested after the March 2020 migrant crisis at the border, triggered by the Turkish government. They are to be used as a deterrent against illegal border entry, as a notification system, as well as to handle aggressive actions against the

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multiplied by the speaker radius, is often used to characterize sound source directivity. For this source, ka=19 at 2.5 kHz, and according to the LRAD data sheet, the beam angle of about 30 degrees total is what is predicted for a regular loudspeaker.

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operatives, using a small boat packed with explosives. The naval personnel on Cole were unable to be sure that their messages could be heard by the approaching boat at a sufficient distance to possibly avert the attack. The ship was badly damaged, with 17

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said that they had been using it since 2009), and concerns were raised about their use for crowd control. However, before 2020, there was no use of the LRAD in public situations; most usage had been by the various police forces for communications during

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and rocket-propelled grenades. Following a one-sided shootout, the ship was seized and the unarmed security contractors abandoned ship leaving the ship and crew to the pirates. The incident caused the usefulness of LRADs to be called into question by

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Since sound attenuates with distance, extremely high outputs are required to achieve the required range. Acoustic hailing devices have an output of 135 decibels (dB) or greater. The acoustic level of the source is commonly expressed in terms of

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On April 12, 2021, the Brooklyn Center, Minnesota Police Department deployed a vehicle mounted LRAD outside of its headquarters to announce curfew violations and dispersal orders to a large crowd protesting the death of Daunte Wright.

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weapon for crowd control. Police usually use models that are not quite as powerful as the military-grade version; however, generating levels ranging from 137 dB to 154 dB, they are capable of causing pain, disorientation,

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The City of Newport Beach plans to spend $ 200,000 to replace three rusty tsunami warning sirens on the Balboa Peninsula with LRAD siren/public address systems. The LRAD systems are expected to be installed by the end of 2019.

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Acoustic Devices to improve the department's ability to issue dispersal orders clearly over long distances. The purchases resulted from the department's after-action report of the May 30, 2020 riot in downtown Cleveland, Ohio.

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Acoustic hailing devices differ from conventional speaker systems in three key ways: volume, clarity, and directionality. AHD manufacturers use different methods to measure their products, but a common standard has emerged.

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Omnidirectional models: These acoustic hailing devices are capable of creating 360° voice communications and warning tones. These devices are capable of being heard over 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) away from the emitter

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The New Jersey State Police used an armored-vehicle-mounted LRAD to communicate with crowds denied entry to a June 7, 2015 concert after they began throwing bottles and tried to rush the gates outside MetLife Stadium.

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organizations are concerned about its use by police forces, and its use has been contested in law courts in the United States. One concern is that police officers are not receiving enough training in its use.

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Prague police officers utilized a vehicle-mounted LRAD to issue more than 500 warnings to revelers not to set off pyrotechnics during downtown December 31, 2021 - January 1, 2022 New Year's Eve celebrations.

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some cases. The Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina Police Department Crisis Intervention Team and SWAT negotiators used a long-range acoustic device to talk a man down from an energized electrical tower.

233:(which was rebranded to LRAD Corporation in 2010 and to Genasys in late October 2019) created and developed the AHD market, which included the launch of its proprietary Long Range Acoustic Device, a type of 128:

Directional models: These AHDs are characterized by their ability to create long-range, directional voice communications and warning tones. Their directionality is typically 5° to 60° radius conical at a

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The City of Laguna Beach, California, installed LRAD speaker sirens in 2018. The systems alert the downtown and Main Beach areas during an emergency where the public needs to take immediate action.

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The Oklahoma County, Oklahoma Sheriff's Office Tactical Team used a vehicle-mounted LRAD on November 22, 2021, to serve a search warrant on a residence suspected of being used for drug trafficking.

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unsustained. After receiving feedback from protesters who said commands from on-scene officers were not clear or loud enough, the Seattle, Washington mayor's office recommended purchasing an LRAD.

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AHDs are lastly characterized by directionality. To ensure messages are broadcast to the target, AHDs shape sound into a 30–60° audio beam. This shaping is accomplished through the design of the

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mode" (called an "alert tone" by Genasys), primarily for usage in emergency situations, has also been used for crowd control. In this mode, it allows sound transmission at around 2,000–4,000

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Square. The police and a Prague City Hall representative used an LRAD to repeatedly call upon demonstrators to follow COVID public safety protocols and to comply with security measures.

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whine, were used intermittently throughout the day" one reporter wrote. An LRAD was present again on November 20, 2016, at the bridge just north of the protesters camp on highway 1806.

1782: 194:, military applications and wildlife protection and control. Acoustic hailing devices are now fielded all over the world by various commercial, law enforcement, and military groups. 695:

match, Prague police and regional Czech law enforcement officers utilized vehicle mounted LRADs to broadcast frequent warnings against the use of pyrotechnics by the large crowds.

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LRADs were used by the Pittsburgh PD in Pennsylvania during protests at the G20 Summit in September 2009. This was the first time the LRAD was used during a protest in the U.S.

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A principal weakness of common speaker systems and bullhorns is their clarity. Their horns and cones create sound that is distorted or out of phase. This results in the common "

281:(dB) above a standard reference level. For reference, at a distance of 1 meter, a normal talking voice is approximately 50 dB and a jet engine at 30 meters is 150 dB. 838: 3540: 2244: 4332: 3044: 3007: 522:

Law enforcement organizations and the manufacturer claim that LRAD systems are primarily designed for long-range communications; however, the device has an extremely high

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In February 2009, the Japanese whaling fleet operating in Antarctic waters near Australia installed LRADs on their vessels. The device was used against activists of the

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sound at very high volumes. The distance at which acoustic hailing can be effective varies based on several factors including the sound level, directionality, and

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LRAD devices have become widely used for communications, and increasingly for crowd control in a range of settings, including civil disturbances and protests.

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houses, we can inform older residents with mobility issues that all municipal resources are available through the Citizen Attention Service by calling 010."

3062: 293:" effect, where the message is muffled and misunderstood, analogous to the muted brass squawks representing the unintelligible voices of adults in animated 2813: 1124:. The effectiveness of this device during the attack is not completely clear, but the pirates did not succeed in boarding the vessel and eventually fled. 4146: 2472: 2363: 3851: 2337: 3730: 998:

On March 6, 2021, the Boulder Police Department used a toned warble noise from an LRAD in an effort to disperse a crowd of up to 800 students from the

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launched its voice-based mass notification systems in 2012, and in 2019 its unified multichannel Critical Communications and Enterprise Safety system.

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Japan's Coast Guard used Long Range Acoustic Devices and other methods to expel a North Korean fishing flotilla from its waters in September 2017.

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In the first half of 2020, Bad Homburg's fire brigade and city police used an LRAD 100X system more than 60 times to deliver COVID-19 information.

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A vehicle-mounted LRAD was deployed by police in Prague on March 11, 2023, to communicate to and warn away demonstrators from the National Museum.

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can typically stand a sound pressure level of 120 dB before feeling pain. AHDs are capable of 135 dB or more of acoustic energy.

1890: 3929: 2316: 842: 2148: 191: 4211: 3497: 582: 578: 4133: 742: 3459: 2397:"V centru Prahy proběhlo k výročí 17. listopadu několik shromáždění i pochodů. Nejproblematičtější byl ten proti vládním opatřením" 3951: 3872: 3478: 3344: 3276: 2627: 2473:"The result of the incident in front of the National Museum in Prague: Twenty people in handcuffs, three injured police officers" 1358: 857:

to disrupt and disperse the crowd before arresting or ejecting them on the morning of 15 November 2011. On December 5, 2014, the

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Since their inception in 2002, acoustic hailing devices have grown into a variety of applications. AHD uses include checkpoints,

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On June 26, 2015, Czech Special Forces Police may have deployed an LRAD 500X during anti-immigration and anti-Islam protests in

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on August 24, 2020, in front of the Kenosha County Courthouse to disperse crowds assembled in Civic Center Park as part of the

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Municipal police in Gdańsk, Poznań, Kołobrzeg and other cities in Poland used LRAD systems to deliver COVID-19 notifications.

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residents and visitors in the event of serious emergencies. Five more systems are projected to be installed by early 2024.

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LRAD devices are made by Genasys. As of 2022, the company claims its LRAD products meet the following specifications:

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used LRADs in a different way for the first time, and it has been used at other anti-racism protests in Australia.

420:, and maritime safety. As of 2022 its products are in use in 100 countries. The Asia-Pacific website is focused on 861:

utilized an LRAD, notifying approximately 100 protestors to disperse, during the protest of the police killing of

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There are two basic ways of using LRAD devices: for voice amplification and as an alert. The technology used in "

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capacity (up to 160 dB measured at one meter from the device). Other uses have included for negotiations in

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https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/OPA/ManagementAction/2020OPA-0741_2021COMP-0032_MAR_06-09-21.pdf

2416:"Thousands of opponents of government measures and vaccinations demonstrated in the Old Town Square in Prague" 1009:

On July 3, 2021, Massachusetts State Police utilized an LRAD to secure a group of 11 suspects involved in the

4236: 2341: 1195:: Used for the first time in April 2019 during the pacific walk against Bouteflika on the Algerian population 2641: 2536:"Ηχητικά υπερόπλα στήνονται στα σύνορα του Έβρου από την ΕΛΑΣ σε συνεργασία με τον Στρατό (Και 4 νέα Drone)" 1151: 773: 417: 234: 4005: 2670:"Ride Of The Valkyries: Japanese Whalers Claim Sea Shepherd Harasses The Nisshin Maru With Classical Music" 2701: 1528: 1472: 1362: 1218: 977: 969: 3295: 772:

LRAD was present, but not used because of current legal regulations during protests in Poland, including

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Seven new LRAD emergency siren systems are scheduled for installation in southern Marin County in 2022.

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Genasys has supplied its NEWS mass notification service in Australia since 2013, when it partnered with

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was that the sound needed to be focused so that it could be clearly directed at the approaching vessel.

874: 3498:"I Witnessed Cops Using Tear Gas, Rubber Bullets, and Sound Cannons Against Anti-Pipeline Protesters" 1609: 1562: 1447: 992: 878: 657: 471: 421: 187: 3651: 3026:"Records show D.C. Police used an LRAD sound cannon to "direct crowd flow" during the Women's March" 2378:"Do Brna se kvůli demonstracím sjeli policisté ze Speciálních pořádkových jednotek z celé republiky" 2002: 4267: 3705:"Wakefield police used sonic blast, a high-pitch alarm, to incapacitate Rise of the Moors suspects" 3160: 1932: 1668: 360: 83:

that produces sound at high power for communicating at a distance. It has been used as a method of

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in 2020. Due to potential risks and a lack of studies on the health impact of sonic weapons, the

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During the same period, the LRAD was used at a protest in front of the Arkansas State Capitol.

3856: 3106: 3025: 2858: 2722: 2357: 2220: 1315: 1285: 939:'s actions and policies in Chicago, Illinois on May 20, 2012, at Michigan Ave. & Cermack. 849:. LRAD was present and used when the New York City Police department raided and destroyed the 624: 404:

Genasys offers its products for the following categories of use on its U.S. website: defense,

203: 155: 3406: 2105:"1910.95 - Occupational noise exposure. | Occupational Safety and Health Administration" 691:

During a November 25, 2021 march from the center of Prague to the local soccer stadium for a

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60º–360° audible mass notification coverage over areas up to 14 km (5.4 sq mi)

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This Pain-Inducing Acoustic Device Used to Control Crowds in Azerbaijan Might Be U.S.-Made

3691:"Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) deployed in front of #BLM crowd at Brooklyn Center, MN" 3381: 3045:"National Guard major: Military police asked about using 'heat ray' against DC protesters" 2510:"Επίδειξη συστήματος LRAD για αντιμετώπιση όχλων σε Ένοπλες Δυνάμεις και Σώματα Ασφαλείας" 2171:"Long Range Acoustic Device Industry Applications - Public Safety & Security Solution" 1210: 1108: 788:

LRAD is used by the Singapore Changi Airport to disperse birds and wildlife from runways.

718: 515: 475: 413: 409: 405: 120: 3731:"Oklahoma neighborhood left dazed after early morning drug raid ends in multiple arrests" 3541:"Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler holding news conference about continued protests: Watch live" 1145: 2874:"Occupy Wall Street: Police use military megaphone to amplify their point to protesters" 2831: 3441:"DAY FIVE WRAPUP: McCulloch blasts Nixon for replacing St. Louis County Police control" 3132: 3063:"Protesters Were Supposed To Hear Warnings Before Federal Police Moved In. They Didn't" 2646: 2435:"During the march in Prague, the police had to repeatedly crack down on Feyenoord fans" 1647: 1622: 1298: 893: 886: 751: 677: 452: 440: 436: 266: 151: 17: 892:

LRAD was reportedly used by the Oakland Police Department during the clearance of the

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Following this attack, navies around the world made several policy changes, while the

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directionality may be a 40 degree radius or more depending on the design of the AHD.

290: 179: 84: 4023: 2738:"Potężna broń służy jako zwykły głośnik. Policyjny system LRAD pod lupą prokuratury" 1138:

was reported to have used an LRAD device in an effort to repel attackers armed with

3085: 1579: 1541: 1379: 1172: 1165: 1128: 1097: 814: 511: 448: 432:. It is not categorized as a defense item, and does not require an export license. 3363:"Use of LRAD speaker by Seattle police for crowd control spurs questions, concern" 2055:"LRAD Corporation Receives LRAD-RX Systems Order to Remotely Secure Oil Platforms" 2861:

RNC to Feature Unusual Forms of Sound: Unusual Forms of Sound to Emanate From RNC

2757:"Radiowóz z nagłośnieniem jeździ po Krakowie. Emituje apel o pozostanie w domach" 2196:"Crowd Control with Long Range Acoustic Devices Can Cause Permanent Hearing Loss" 3239:"Protest in Phoenix over death of George Floyd ends in arrests, property damage" 3081:"US military police 'sought use of heat ray' to disperse White House protesters" 2814:"La Policía de Leganés lanza mensajes de voz a sus vecinos con un super altavoz" 2607: 1464: 1426: 862: 527: 507: 394: 344: 80: 3315:"Cuyahoga County Sheriff makes changes after May 30 riot in Downtown Cleveland" 3221:"Phoenix police pick up approval, $ 95K for long-range, crowd-control speakers" 3008:"Protesters arrested outside Rochester City Hall as police break up occupation" 3128: 2946: 2561: 1686: 1240: 661: 645: 398: 377: 337: 313: 55: 4147:

Premiéra akustické zbraně v Opavě. Šéf policie: Odvedli jsme excelentní práci

3911:"Here's where Berkeley's first 5 speaking emergency sirens will be installed" 749:" in the manner of attacking U.S. Army helicopters depicted in the 1979 film 651:

The device came to the attention of the wider public when it was used at the

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sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value. It is measured in

2123:"How the LRAD Went From a Pirate Deterrent to a Police Crowd-Control Tool" 47: 39: 2836: 1592: 1341: 987:-mounted LRAD was used to emit voice messages and high-pitched sirens in 536: 429: 372: 218: 3345:

Closed Case Summary: Allegations of Misconduct & Director's Findings

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Blackstock, David T. 2000. Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics, p.456,

87:, which has caused permanent hearing damage, having an extremely high 2170: 1605: 1575: 1485: 1443: 1392: 1328: 1267: 1254: 1113: 809:

on May 11, 2012, that an LRAD would be deployed in London during the

684: 554:

recommended in a fact sheet that their use in protests be suspended.

532: 304:(STI). STI ratings range from 0–1.0, with 1.0 being perfect clarity. 104: 96: 2029:"Lasers and giant speakers: How airports chase birds off the runway" 1171:

S/Y Hideaway used an LRAD in 2016 to deter suspected pirates in the

336:

LRAD devices include hand-held devices, as well as those mounted on

115:

Acoustic hailing devices are acoustic devices capable of outputting

4210:

Calayag, Third Anne Peralta-Malonzo and Keith (November 14, 2017).

4160:"Revealed: Police used sound cannons against Parliament protesters" 2859:

ABC News. Technology & Science. August 25, 2004. Amanda Onion.

2697:"Revealed: Police used sound cannons against Parliament protesters" 3873:"Laguna Beach's wildfire mitigation plan still a work in progress" 1558: 1413: 1375: 1281: 1134:

was attacked on November 28, 2008. The security detachment aboard

1091: 1030: 942:

St. Louis County police used LRAD during protests surrounding the

824: 637: 463: 162: 92: 54: 46: 38: 3195:"CMPD Negotiators Helped Individual Who Climbed Electrical Tower" 1927: 1925: 883:

civilians protesting outside the White House in June of that year

376:

one meter from the device. This is louder than standing behind a

351:

Small spherical "point-source" acoustic devices follow the known

3814:"'It's loud!' Mill Valley installs new emergency warning system" 3350:(Report). Seattle Office of Police Accountability. 2020OPA-0741. 2312: 936: 858: 673: 543: 1092: 478:

radiation causes nerve receptors in the skin to feel heat, via

103:

or other emergencies; and by defense forces, including several

3930:"New siren will signal an emergency, need to seek information" 2604:

Operation Waltzing Matilda - Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

1034: 561: 495: 130: 4134:"PH slams Chinese water cannon, LRAD attacks on BFAR vessels" 2492:"LRAD 100X, flexibel, kraftvoll und höchste Verständlichkeit" 980:

on June 4, 2020, and on other occasions during the protests.

359:(dB) per doubling of distance from the source, solely due to 1973: 3156:"New loudspeaker ensures MCSO will be heard loud and clear" 1155:

makes no mention of LRAD being used during the incident.

909:. Multiple announcements were made in English and Spanish. 363:. Large speakers (or large arrays), such as these, have an 490:

Acoustic hailing devices have the potential to be used as

474:, the latter is based on a different technology, in which 470:

is most sensitive. Although sometimes referred to as an

30:"LRAD" redirects here. For the dance qualification, see 3852:"Newport Beach to replace rusty tsunami warning sirens" 3177:"GDP: New Long Range Audio Technology Could Save Lives" 2562:"Japan coastguard expels North Korean fishing flotilla" 2273:"Australian police authorities buying up sound weapons" 590: 435:

The technology can also be used to deter wildlife from

3952:"Berkeley unveils siren system at Fire Ready Festival" 3581:"What is LRAD? PPB explain their 'sonic tone' device/" 2245:"'Why is it OK to use this against our own citizens?'" 1785:. Naval History & Heritage Command. Archived from 829:

An NYPD officer stands ready with the LRAD 500X at an

371:

which produces peaks 6 dB higher than the output

240:

Since then the technology has developed and expanded.

4086:

Australian police authorities buying up sound weapons

2622:

Sea Shepherd Battles Japanese Whalers in the Ross Sea

2003:"Explainer: LRAD -- What Is It And How Does It Work?" 2903:"A People's Librarian (Part Two) with Aeliana Boyer" 954:

emergency announcements such as evacuation orders."

506:

In addition to its "voice" feature, which acts as a

4022:Geeta Anand and John W. Miller (January 31, 2009). 3626:"Scenes from Kenosha after shooting of Jacob Blake" 3600:"Livestream of 24 August 2020 Jacob Blake Protests" 3382:"Protesters Are Met by Tear Gas at G-20 Conference" 3139:from the original on December 21, 2021 – via 2832:"'Sonic weapon' deployed in London during Olympics" 1120:about 115 kilometres (71 mi) off the coast of 329:

30° audible transmission ranges out to 5,000 meters

4186:"Sound cannons deployed for first time at protest" 3460:"Myrtle Beach police going high-tech for Bikefest" 889:was not currently in possession of either device. 3758:"Siren vs. Voice: Mass-Evacuation Systems Tested" 1667:: Being used on-board DN-2000-class ships of the 972:in Oregon used a vehicle-mounted LRAD during the 833:protest on November 17, 2011, near the city hall. 813:. It was spotted fixed to a landing craft on the 4212:"Riot police level up defense with sonic weapon" 3129:"Police order anti Trump protesters to disperse" 2948:NYPD LRAD warning message for protesters 4.29.15 526:capacity and has been controversially used as a 4116:"La police de Montréal se dote de canons à son" 3892:"Southern Marin disaster sirens to be replaced" 1229:have confirmed they have purchased the devices. 1037:, following the disastrous consequences of the 871:Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Police Department 4287:"Möte med lokala fiskare – Operation Atalanta" 4006:"Sonic solution may not be a sound investment" 2142: 2140: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 642:Black Lives Matter protests in New South Wales 4043:"Cruise ship blasted pirates with sonic wave" 3970:"I beat pirates with a hose and sonic cannon" 2972:"Dozens arrested after Puerto Rican Festival" 2298: 2296: 1859: 1857: 1810:"LRAD: The Sound of Possible Excessive Force" 1749: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 8: 3258:"Salisbury Police Utilizing New LRAD System" 2238: 2236: 2234: 2116: 2114: 1496:have it but for legal reasons it's not used) 1301:: Used first time on March 18, 2017, by the 1106:On November 5, 2005, the luxury cruise ship 721:acquired two LRAD systems to be used at the 4012:. London: Informa. Retrieved 13 April 2011. 3296:"CPD demonstrates new crowd control device" 3277:"UMES concert canceled due to unruly crowd" 1996: 1994: 653:2022 anti-vaccine mandate Canberra protests 4333:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s 4268:CSIR confirms legality of using LRAD units 3833:"Mill Valley To Test New Emergency Sirens" 1712:"CITY OF PITTSBURGH SETTLES G-20 LAWSUITS" 1361:and Police Negotiation Cadre (PNC) of the 837:An LRAD was present, but not used, during 558:Deployments and uses by emergency services 3941:"Berkeley tests out new emergency sirens" 2267: 2265: 1891:"Speech Intelligibility Papers Section 4" 935:LRAD was deployed during a march against 3043:Savannah Behrmann (September 17, 2020). 1915:Beranek, Leo L. 1986. Acoustics, p.132, 593:by adding descriptive text and removing 51:LRAD operator wearing hearing protection 32:Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Dance 3175:Benjamin F. Powell (November 5, 2015). 2959:from the original on December 21, 2021. 2718:"Sound cannons deployed for first time" 2598:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society USA. 1968: 1966: 1754:English, Lawrence (February 21, 2022). 1703: 1033:to deliver emergency notifications via 3939:Christine Smith (September 17, 2023). 3890:Giuseppe Ricapito (January 22, 2022). 3775:CONTRIBUTED CONTENT (April 18, 2019). 3275:Henry Culvyhouse (February 17, 2017). 2362:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2355: 2303:McCutchan, Ellen (February 17, 2022). 1814:Richmond Journal of Law and Technology 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1783:"USS Cole (DDG-67) Determined Warrior" 1510:: Used first time on June 7, 2015, by 918:Columbus, Ohio Police Department (CPD) 913:University of Maryland Eastern Shore. 4149:, Deník.cz (in Czech), March 19, 2017 4114:Sioui, Marie-Michèle (May 22, 2014). 3871:Daniel Langhorne (October 30, 2020). 3555:"Police Use Acoustic Device On Crowd" 2433:Týdeník Policie (November 26, 2021). 2414:Týdeník Policie (November 17, 2021). 2395:Týdeník Policie (November 18, 2020). 1974:"The Critical Communications Company" 99:at sea; for mass notification during 7: 3928:City of Berkeley (August 31, 2023). 3677:"University Hill Disturbance Update" 3632:. August 24, 2020. Timestamp 0:37:55 3102:"Occupy Oakland's Tent City Is Gone" 2695:New Zealand Herald (June 29, 2022). 2600:"Video - Operation Waltzing Matilda" 2540:Νέα, Ειδήσεις, Εκδηλώσεις στην Ξάνθη 2490:FM-Mediaservice (November 6, 2020). 2121:Bondy, Halley (September 30, 2019). 1164:, a cruise ship sailing through the 546:'s LRAD use was to be challenged in 401:, commercial vessels, and in ports. 165:in 2000. Following this attack, the 3313:Julia Tullos (September 22, 2020). 2776:"Radiowozy z głośnikami na ulicach" 2716:Otago Daily Times (June 29, 2022). 2452:Týdeník Policie (January 1, 2022). 2317:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2243:Chang, Charis (December 21, 2016). 843:2004 Republican National Convention 150:came into common use following the 3756:Susan C. Schena (April 20, 2018). 3598:Elijah, Koerri (August 24, 2020). 3380:Urbina, Ian (September 24, 2009). 3361:Jonathan Choe (November 5, 2020). 2579:Darby, Andrew (February 6, 2009). 2471:Týdeník Policie (March 13, 2023). 2053:Wickman, Allie (August 23, 2011). 2001:Sindelar, Daisy (March 13, 2013). 192:critical infrastructure protection 43:An LRAD on top of a police vehicle 25: 3950:John Ramos (September 17, 2023). 3850:Hillary Davis (August 20, 2019). 3812:Cornell Barnard (June 27, 2019). 3496:Enzinna, Wes (October 31, 2016). 3343:MYERBERG, ANDREW (May 31, 2021). 3154:Ashley Tressel (April 18, 2017). 3100:Martin, Adam (October 25, 2011). 2755:krakow.wyborcz (March 25, 2020). 2581:"Whalers attack activists at sea" 1865:"Maritime Community & Safety" 1845:"LRAD overview and product guide" 743:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society 676:, the second largest city in the 343:The parameter "ka", which is the 251:Characteristics and measurements 4184:Francis, Oscar (June 29, 2022). 4067:William Bruton (February 2017). 4041:Sloan, Gene (January 17, 2011). 4004:David Osler, (2 December 2008). 3831:Kristina Houck (June 27, 2019). 3516:"Video of protest with LRAD use" 3427:"As it Happens: NATO in Chicago" 2027:Tan, Yvette (October 29, 2021). 1657: 1632: 1615: 1598: 1585: 1568: 1551: 1534: 1517: 1500: 1478: 1457: 1436: 1419: 1406: 1385: 1368: 1347: 1334: 1321: 1308: 1291: 1274: 1260: 1247: 1233: 1199: 1185: 944:police shooting of Michael Brown 885:, but had been advised that the 566: 321:Specifications and functionality 2793:Sharon Salim (August 5, 2022). 2642:"Street Fight on the High Seas" 2200:Academy of Doctors of Audiology 1642:: Multiple police departments, 873:used a LRAD at the January 21, 355:, which predicts the loss of 6 231:American Technology Corporation 226:sailors killed and 37 injured. 4104:, The Atlantic, March 14, 2013 3693:. mehabe.com/. April 13, 2021. 3294:Ted Hart (November 21, 2016). 2970:WROC Staff (August 19, 2019). 2542:(in Greek). September 26, 2020 1452:Fridtjof Nansen-class frigates 1000:University of Colorado Boulder 552:American Civil Liberties Union 455:, birds and security threats. 1: 4190:Otago Daily Times Online News 3795:"Tsunami Awareness Week 2018" 3762:Menlo Park-Atherton, CA Patch 3458:Tom O'Dare (March 19, 2015). 3429:. NBC Chicago. June 15, 2012. 3256:Bill Mich (October 8, 2013). 2882:. New York. November 18, 2011 2812:TeleMadrid (March 19, 2020). 2774:Mak Źródło (March 22, 2020). 2744:(in Polish). January 9, 2013. 2221:"Acoustic Weapons Fact Sheet" 2147:Kesslen, Ben (May 22, 2019). 1917:American Institute of Physics 1270:: Multiple police departments 1116:who attacked the vessel with 660:; one activist claimed that " 3679:. Boulder Police Department. 3652:"Kenosha Courthouse Protest" 2007:RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty 1546:South African Police Service 1303:Police of the Czech Republic 1127:The Liberian-flagged vessel 340:, motor vehicles and ships. 4024:"Hijacked on the High Seas" 3909:Iris Kwok (June 27, 2022). 4349: 2384:(in Czech). June 26, 2015. 1469:Philippine National Police 1112:employed an LRAD to repel 1011:Sovereign Citizen movement 161:while it was at a port in 65:long-range acoustic device 29: 4092:, ABC Radio, May 17, 2016 3956:cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/ 2676:. Tokyo. February 9, 2010 2080:"Oil & Gas Platforms" 1227:Australian Federal Police 1223:Queensland Police Service 1215:Western Australian Police 1118:rocket-propelled grenades 926:Seattle Police Department 881:("heat ray") to disperse 811:2012 Summer Olympic Games 632:or for negotiations with 302:Speech Transmission Index 95:situations; to deal with 4270:, EWN, September 1, 2016 4237:"MaxDefense Philippines" 3012:DemocratandChronicle.com 2994:DemocratandChronicle.com 2901:Whalen, Matthew Vernon. 2149:"Plug your ears and run" 1039:Black Saturday bushfires 805:It was confirmed by the 693:Europa Conference League 664:weapons" had been used. 621:Australian police forces 539:, and permanent damage. 380:taking off, or a nearby 211:guided missile destroyer 27:High-powered loudspeaker 4291:blogg.forsvarsmakten.se 3445:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1152:The Wall Street Journal 774:Million Marijuana March 595:less pertinent examples 418:critical infrastructure 269:Level or SPL. SPL is a 235:acoustic hailing device 148:acoustic hailing device 73:acoustic hailing device 18:Acoustic hailing device 2702:The New Zealand Herald 1529:Singapore Armed Forces 1473:Philippine Coast Guard 1363:Hong Kong Police Force 1219:South Australia Police 1103: 978:murder of George Floyd 970:Portland Police Bureau 834: 60: 52: 44: 3089:. September 17, 2020. 2907:The Hard Times Review 1158:In January 2011, the 1095: 1088:High seas anti-piracy 907:George Floyd protests 905:28, 2020, during the 828: 747:Ride of the Valkyries 728:Hellenic Armed Forces 656:devices, such as the 449:gas and oil platforms 188:early warning systems 186:, mass notification, 58: 50: 42: 4323:Riot control weapons 4249:on February 26, 2022 3877:lagunabeachindy.com/ 3032:. November 20, 2017. 1610:Turkish Naval Forces 1359:Police Tactical Unit 993:Jacob Blake protests 879:Active Denial System 658:Active Denial System 623:had acquired LRADs ( 472:Active Denial System 422:emergency management 202:In October 2000 the 4136:. December 9, 2023. 3799:lagunabeachcity.net 3737:. November 23, 2021 3606:. Timestamp 2:06:56 3227:. November 10, 201. 3161:Ukiah Daily Journal 2909:. Hard Times Review 2879:New York Daily News 2799:ChannelNewsAsia.com 2674:Underwatertimes.com 2610:on January 3, 2010. 2496:feuerwehrmagazin.de 1933:John Wiley and Sons 1897:on January 23, 2011 1816:. November 30, 2019 1718:. November 14, 2012 1669:Vietnam Coast Guard 1627:Ministry of Defence 1397:Ministry of Defense 1243:: Azerbaijan police 1161:Spirit of Adventure 807:Ministry of Defence 591:improve the article 361:geometric spreading 215:bombed in an attack 59:LRAD on a navy ship 4328:Non-lethal weapons 3447:. August 14, 2014. 3386:The New York Times 2976:RochesterFirst.com 2955:. April 29, 2015. 2761:krakow.wyborcza.pl 2650:. January 12, 2010 2278:ABC Radio National 1561:: Reported use by 1512:Jandarmeria Romana 1431:New Zealand Police 1104: 989:Kenosha, Wisconsin 948:Ferguson, Missouri 875:2017 Women's March 851:Occupy Wall Street 835: 831:Occupy Wall Street 619:By mid-2016, most 492:non-lethal weapons 480:dielectric heating 353:inverse square law 167:United States Navy 61: 53: 45: 3992:Timesonline.co.uk 3915:berkeleyside.org/ 3857:Los Angeles Times 3201:. January 9, 2022 3107:The Atlantic Wire 2723:Otago Daily Times 2631:, 7 February 2009 2477:tydenikpolicie.cz 2458:tydenikpolicie.cz 2439:tydenikpolicie.cz 2420:tydenikpolicie.cz 2401:tydenikpolicie.cz 2382:Policejnidenik.cz 2125:. The Daily Beast 1871:. October 7, 2020 1716:ACLU Pennsylvania 1286:China Coast Guard 1020:Mass notification 630:natural disasters 625:Queensland Police 612: 611: 447:, and to protect 426:natural disasters 184:maritime shipping 101:natural disasters 79:is a specialized 16:(Redirected from 4340: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4248: 4243:. 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Archived from 1887: 1881: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1861: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1841: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1806: 1791: 1790: 1789:on May 31, 2019. 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1761:The Conversation 1751: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1708: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1638: 1636: 1635: 1621: 1619: 1618: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1540: 1538: 1537: 1523: 1521: 1520: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1484: 1482: 1481: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1425: 1423: 1422: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1353: 1351: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1266: 1264: 1263: 1253: 1251: 1250: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1191: 1189: 1188: 853:encampment from 607: 604: 598: 570: 569: 562: 548:US federal court 416:, protection of 21: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4305: 4295: 4293: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4235: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4141: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4084: 4080: 4066: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4003: 3999: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3976:. May 17, 2007. 3968: 3967: 3963: 3949: 3945:nbcbayarea.com/ 3938: 3934:berkeleyca.gov/ 3927: 3926: 3922: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3711:. July 13, 2021 3703: 3702: 3698: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3675: 3674: 3670: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3587:. June 6, 2020. 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3543:. June 5, 2020. 3539: 3538: 3534: 3524: 3522: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3464:Myhorrynews.com 3457: 3456: 3452: 3439: 3438: 3434: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3326: 3319:Cleveland19.com 3312: 3311: 3307: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3281:Delmarvanow.com 3274: 3273: 3269: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3245:. May 29, 2020. 3237: 3236: 3232: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3199:charlottenc.gov 3193: 3192: 3188: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3042: 3041: 3037: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2853: 2843: 2841: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2715: 2714: 2710: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2619: 2615: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2560: 2559: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2519: 2517: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2451: 2450: 2446: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2354: 2347: 2345: 2338:"Archived copy" 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2302: 2301: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2271: 2270: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2232: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2204: 2202: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2138: 2128: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2037: 2035: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1954: 1952: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1930: 1923: 1914: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1829: 1819: 1817: 1808: 1807: 1794: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1753: 1752: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1678: 1658: 1656: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1614: 1599: 1597: 1586: 1584: 1569: 1567: 1552: 1550: 1535: 1533: 1518: 1516: 1501: 1499: 1479: 1477: 1458: 1456: 1437: 1435: 1420: 1418: 1407: 1405: 1386: 1384: 1369: 1367: 1348: 1346: 1335: 1333: 1322: 1320: 1309: 1307: 1292: 1290: 1275: 1273: 1261: 1259: 1248: 1246: 1234: 1232: 1211:Victoria Police 1200: 1198: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1109:Seabourn Spirit 1090: 1047: 1027: 1022: 823: 803: 794: 786: 770: 761: 736: 719:Hellenic Police 716: 708: 670: 617: 608: 602: 599: 588: 571: 567: 560: 516:Civil liberties 488: 476:millimetre-wave 437:airport runways 414:border security 410:fire and rescue 406:law enforcement 390: 367:pattern in the 323: 310: 287: 273:measure of the 262: 253: 200: 176: 144: 113: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4346: 4344: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4309:External links 4307: 4304: 4303: 4278: 4272: 4260: 4228: 4202: 4176: 4151: 4139: 4125: 4106: 4094: 4090:The Law Report 4078: 4059: 4033: 4014: 3997: 3979: 3961: 3920: 3901: 3882: 3863: 3842: 3823: 3804: 3786: 3767: 3748: 3722: 3696: 3682: 3668: 3643: 3617: 3590: 3572: 3561:. iHeart Media 3559:1190 KEX Radio 3546: 3532: 3507: 3488: 3477:Justin Davis. 3469: 3450: 3432: 3418: 3398: 3372: 3353: 3335: 3324: 3305: 3286: 3267: 3248: 3243:YourValley.net 3230: 3212: 3186: 3167: 3146: 3133:Breitbart News 3120: 3092: 3072: 3054: 3035: 3017: 2999: 2981: 2962: 2938: 2920: 2893: 2865: 2851: 2840:. 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