397:
somewhat downward at its tip. Each premaxilla possess spaces for four teeth. The maxilla has a dorsal expansion immediately behind the nares forming the entire posterier border of the opening. This configuration resembles that of the procolophonids, and turtles, and results in the exclusion of the lacrimal from the posterior border of the nares. Slightly more than one third of the total length of the skull is contributed by the frontal. It is constricted anteriorly by the prefrontals, but otherwise expanded above the orbits. Generally, in early amniotes the largest element was the occiput of the supraoccipital. In
2453:
140:
2460:
2618:
1670:
1675:
2447:
118:
410:
approximately the same size, and noticeably smaller than those on the maxilla. The maxillae have 11 and 13 on the right and left sides respectively, there is room for at least 17 teeth for each element. Smaller teeth are present along the sloping surface of the transverse flange, anterior to the large row of teeth. On the
396:
skull appears to have a triangular outline. The surface of the skull is generally smooth with a few small, shallow circular pits. Anteriorly, the snout is gently rounded. The elliptical external nares are each bordered by the maxilla. The tooth bearing portion of the premaxilla appears to be directed
739:
was far reaching because until the present only
Synapida and Diapsida could trace their earliest known members to North America. Now parareptiles can also trace their earliest record from the same continent. It is very likely that all three major amniote clades Diapsida, Synapsida, and Parareptilia
414:
plate, two separate paired rows of teeth diverge posteriorly. The lateral-most rows sit on a ridge that runs the length of the main body of the parasphenoid. The tooth ridges are evident anteriorly but appear to terminate at the same level as the teeth on the transverse flange of the pterygoid.
409:
The marginal dentition is composed of conical teeth that are slightly recurved. No canine region is evident although the second maxillary tooth is slightly larger than the rest. The tooth-bearing portion of the maxilla extends posterior to the orbit. All the premaxillary teeth appear to be
492:
and lanthanosuchids as sister-taxa presents new evidence for the hypothesis that parareptiles had a cosmopolitan distribution during the
Paleozoic. This sister-group relationship is supported by twelve synapomorphies. Furthermore, when acknowledging
488:, is a sister taxon to Russian Lanchanosuchidae. In addition, the results support Laurin and Reisz (1995) hypothesis that Parareptilia is a monophyletic group, while differing in the number of synapomorphies diagnosing the clade. The recognition of
824:
Reisz, R.R.; Macdougall, M.J.; Modesto, S. (2014). "A new species of the parareptile genus
Delorhynchus, based on articulated skeletal remains from the Richards Spur, Lower Permian of Oklahoma".
401:
the supraoccipital is rather plate-like. The reduction in the overall size of the supraoccipital allows for the development of large post-termporal fenestra, a characteristic of
Reptilia.
435:
because its teeth are numerous, small and pointed. The back of the skull is wide resulting in the orbits being pushed forward. This would have offered a degree of binocular vision giving
954:
Anderson, J.M.; Cruickshank, A.R.I. (1978). "The biostratigraphy of the
Permian and the Triassic Part 5. A review of the classification and distribution of Permo-Triassic tetrapods".
859:
MacDougall, M.J.; Modesto, S.P.; Reisz, R.R. (2016). "A new reptile from the
Richards Spur Locality, Oklahoma, USA, and patterns of Early Permian parareptile diversification".
528:
all diverged early in the evolutionary radiation of amniotes. At the very least parareptiles are more diverse and possess a richer fossil record than previously recognized.
720:, which is generally disarticulated and incomplete. In addition, over 200 skulls and 500 specimens have been collected from South Grandfield, only one specimen of
2729:
724:
is known. It is very likely that this taxon is an erratic and would not normally preserve in the depositional environment that characterizes much of the Lower
2670:
896:"The cranial osteology of Belebey vegrandis (Parareptilia: Bolosauridae), from the Middle Permian of Russia, and its bearing on reptilian evolution"
1190:
501:
nest within
Parareptilia, it becomes evident through specific interrelationships within Amniota that Parareptilia is a monophyletic taxon.
367:
was first discovered and named by
Eleanor Daly in 1969 in the Hennessey Formation of South Grandfield, Tillman county, Oklahoma. The name
2734:
427:
is marked by terrestrial plant diversification, in which insects evolved rapidly as they followed the plants into new habitats.
2452:
504:
Using the tenet of minimum divergence time most recently discussed by Norell (1992) and
Westphalian (1993), the earliest
139:
927:
Modesto, S.P. (1999). "Colobomycter pholeter from the Lower
Permian of Oklahoma: a parareptile, not a protorothyridid".
2216:
2459:
2310:
1027:
Tsuji, L.A. (2006). "Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of the Permian parareptile Macroleter poezicus".
2362:
2724:
1281:
1183:
1163:
1040:
2268:
1308:
2638:
2405:
2242:
1629:
2696:
2190:
1669:
1674:
805:
Daly, E. (1969). "A new Procolophonomorpha Procolophonoid reptile from the Early Permian of Oklahoma".
2446:
1089:
Robert R. Reisz; Mark J. Macdougall; Sean P. Modesto (2014). "A new species of the parareptile genus
332:
312:
244:
1604:
2621:
1834:
1176:
1153:
1062:
Gow, C.E. (1973). "The osteology and relationships of the Millerettidae (Reptilia: Cotylosauria)".
740:
all diverged early during the evolutionary radiation that characterizes much of the Early Permian.
705:
701:
509:
2560:
2205:
1989:
1944:
1907:
1722:
1576:
1158:
1110:
1044:
1009:
876:
841:
210:
134:
2701:
2135:
2683:
2550:
2504:
2299:
316:
2688:
2351:
1973:
1743:
1425:
1102:
1071:
1036:
1001:
936:
907:
868:
833:
757:
597:
347:
344:
223:
117:
1129:
2326:
2119:
2076:
1982:
1763:
1495:
1266:
1093:, based on articulated skeletal remains from Richards Spur, Lower Permian of Oklahoma".
2580:
2257:
2026:
2003:
1391:
1293:
1075:
1005:
2718:
2555:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2394:
2342:
2231:
2150:
2143:
2047:
2040:
1935:
1884:
1824:
1733:
1618:
1590:
1560:
1546:
1532:
1114:
912:
845:
729:
647:
551:
513:
293:
68:
30:
1048:
1013:
880:
2590:
2565:
2545:
2535:
2319:
2179:
2061:
2054:
1914:
1874:
1784:
1773:
1753:
1486:
1456:
1448:
1441:
1168:
940:
764:
536:
525:
485:
456:
411:
352:
289:
252:
197:
872:
1106:
837:
2570:
2514:
2285:
2164:
2128:
2105:
2098:
2068:
2017:
1959:
1898:
1804:
1794:
1597:
1464:
505:
440:
432:
43:
2661:
2595:
2585:
2540:
2382:
2091:
2033:
1952:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1583:
1539:
1502:
1411:
1374:
1361:
1320:
1199:
750:
630:
88:
53:
992:
Laurin, M.; R. R. Reisz (1995). "A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny".
2371:
2083:
1996:
1509:
1401:
785:
713:
709:
521:
328:
297:
151:
93:
37:
2655:
2575:
2330:
2157:
1921:
1523:
1241:
1235:
778:
771:
517:
305:
301:
171:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
459:
along with Millerettidae, Lanthanosuchidae to whom it is a sister taxa,
2675:
2530:
2289:
1705:
1692:
1641:
1569:
1472:
1250:
1205:
973:
Case, E. C. (1911). "A Revision of the Cotylosauria of North America".
725:
697:
481:
478:
424:
336:
308:
282:
181:
98:
73:
2414:
2280:
1229:
463:
and Procolophonia. As of present, there is only one known species of
161:
2632:
895:
1814:
717:
320:
285:
704:, the locality of South Grandfield of southwestern Oklahoma. The
2378:
2636:
2476:
1690:
1359:
1222:
1172:
392:
skull is about 3.5 centimetres long. From the dorsal side, the
443:, depth perception necessary for hunting fast moving objects.
375:(ῥῑ́ν), meaning "nose," and akleistos, Greek for “unclosed.“
1134:
University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History
1041:
10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[849:CAAPAO]2.0.CO;2
1130:"Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma"
894:
Reisz, R.R.; Mueller, J.; Tsuji, L.; Scott, D. (2007).
327:
bears a superficial resemblance to that seen in early
2254:
2228:
2202:
2176:
2116:
2014:
1970:
1932:
1895:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1739:
1729:
1718:
1615:
1557:
1520:
1483:
1422:
1407:
1397:
1387:
259:
2645:
2523:
2487:
2393:
2350:
2341:
2298:
2279:
2253:
2227:
2201:
2175:
2115:
2013:
1969:
1931:
1894:
1703:
1640:
1614:
1556:
1519:
1482:
1421:
1372:
1319:
1292:
1265:
516:. This suggests that the all major amniote clades
975:Carnegie Institution of Washington. Publication
484:from North America, the oldest known member of
388:Although its total body length is unknown, an
1184:
696:was discovered by Daly in 1969, in the Early
304:. It is notable for being the earliest known
8:
473:A recent restudy, phylogenetic analysis, of
708:is believed to be contemporaneous with the
356:(also from the Early Permian of Oklahoma).
2633:
2484:
2473:
2347:
2295:
1711:
1700:
1687:
1380:
1369:
1356:
1298:
1271:
1262:
1219:
1191:
1177:
1169:
116:
20:
994:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
911:
900:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
716:, Oklahoma, as they both possess a mixed
343:, is known, and it is classified in the
797:
1159:Helpful list of parareptilia phylogeny
7:
2730:Cisuralian reptiles of North America
621:
573:
566:
543:
531:
1095:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1076:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972.tb01731.x
1029:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1006:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x
929:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
861:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
826:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
2617:
2616:
2458:
2451:
2445:
1673:
1668:
913:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00312.x
138:
941:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011159
508:must extend into at least the
1:
873:10.1080/02724634.2016.1179641
281:(ah-kles-toe-RYE-nuss) is an
1107:10.1080/02724634.2013.829844
838:10.1080/02724634.2013.829844
431:is widely believed to be an
379:Description and Paleobiology
2751:
2735:Prehistoric reptile genera
477:indicates that this Early
469:Acleistorhinus pteroticus.
447:Classification and Species
2612:
2483:
2472:
2443:
1714:
1699:
1686:
1666:
1383:
1368:
1355:
1301:
1274:
1261:
1218:
644:
626:
619:
594:
578:
571:
564:
548:
541:
264:Acleistorhinus pteroticus
258:
251:
135:Scientific classification
133:
124:
115:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
956:Palaeontologia Africana
807:Journal of Paleontology
2697:Paleobiology Database
497:lanthanosuchids, and
455:belongs to the taxon
333:convergent evolution
311:yet discovered. The
2488:Possible sauropsids
1154:More on parareptile
706:Hennessey Formation
702:Hennessey Formation
510:Westphalian (stage)
2561:Procolophonomorpha
2217:Ichthyosauromorpha
2206:Ichthyosauromorpha
2018:Drepanosauromorpha
1945:Acerosodontosaurus
1064:Journal of Zoology
211:Procolophonomorpha
2712:
2711:
2684:Open Tree of Life
2639:Taxon identifiers
2630:
2629:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2551:Lanthanosuchoidea
2505:Protorothyrididae
2468:
2467:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2327:rhynchocephalians
2311:Lepidosauromorpha
2300:Lepidosauromorpha
1682:
1681:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
735:The discovery of
685:
684:
676:
675:
667:
666:
658:
657:
608:
607:
317:temporal fenestra
274:
273:
247:
36:273.6–271.6
2742:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2634:
2620:
2619:
2485:
2474:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2363:Archosauromorpha
2352:Archosauromorpha
2348:
2296:
2256:
2230:
2204:
2178:
2118:
2016:
1974:Weigeltisauridae
1972:
1934:
1897:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1744:Cryptovaranoides
1741:
1731:
1720:
1712:
1701:
1688:
1677:
1672:
1617:
1559:
1522:
1485:
1426:Acleistorhinidae
1424:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1381:
1370:
1357:
1299:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1220:
1213:
1204:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1142:
1141:
1128:Fox, R. (1962).
1125:
1119:
1118:
1101:(5): 1033–1043.
1086:
1080:
1079:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1024:
1018:
1017:
989:
983:
982:
970:
964:
963:
951:
945:
944:
924:
918:
917:
915:
891:
885:
884:
856:
850:
849:
832:(5): 1033–1043.
821:
815:
814:
802:
758:Lanthanosuchidae
700:outcrops of the
622:
598:Lanthanosuchidae
574:
567:
544:
532:
439:a land-dwelling
419:Habitat and Diet
348:Acleistorhinidae
335:. Only a single
261:
242:
235:
224:Acleistorhinidae
222:
209:
196:
143:
142:
125:Illustration of
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2725:Acleistorhinids
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2674:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2641:
2631:
2626:
2600:
2519:
2479:
2464:
2457:
2425:
2389:
2337:
2283:
2275:
2249:
2223:
2197:
2171:
2120:Kuehneosauridae
2111:
2077:Megalancosaurus
2009:
1983:Coelurosauravus
1965:
1927:
1890:
1764:Elachistosuchus
1708:
1695:
1678:
1656:
1636:
1610:
1552:
1515:
1478:
1417:
1377:
1364:
1335:
1315:
1288:
1282:Tetrapodomorpha
1267:Tetrapodomorpha
1257:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1150:
1148:External Source
1145:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1026:
1025:
1021:
991:
990:
986:
972:
971:
967:
953:
952:
948:
926:
925:
921:
893:
892:
888:
867:(5): e1179641.
858:
857:
853:
823:
822:
818:
804:
803:
799:
795:
746:
691:
686:
677:
668:
659:
609:
495:Acleistorhinus,
465:Acleistorhinus,
449:
437:Acleistorhinus,
421:
407:
386:
381:
371:combines Greek
362:
292:known from the
270:
267:
241:
233:
220:
207:
194:
137:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2693:
2680:
2667:
2651:
2649:
2647:Acleistorhinus
2643:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Younginiformes
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2304:
2302:
2293:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2269:Thalattosauria
2262:
2260:
2258:Thalattosauria
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2027:Ancistronychus
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2004:Weigeltisaurus
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1838:
1828:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1715:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1605:Nanomilleretta
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1435:Acleistorhinus
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1392:Australothyris
1384:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1309:Reptiliomorpha
1302:
1296:
1294:Reptiliomorpha
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1223:
1216:
1215:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:Permian Period
1161:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1120:
1081:
1070:(2): 219–264.
1054:
1035:(4): 849–865.
1019:
1000:(2): 165–223.
984:
965:
946:
935:(3): 466–472.
919:
906:(1): 191–214.
886:
851:
816:
796:
794:
791:
790:
789:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
745:
742:
737:Acleistorhinus
722:Acleistorhinus
712:locality near
694:Acleistorhinus
690:
687:
683:
682:
679:
678:
674:
673:
670:
669:
665:
664:
661:
660:
656:
655:
652:
651:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
625:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
601:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:Acleistorhinus
577:
572:
570:
565:
563:
560:
559:
556:
555:
547:
542:
540:
530:
490:Acleistorhinus
475:Acleistorhinus
453:Acleistorhinus
448:
445:
429:Acleistorhinus
420:
417:
406:
403:
399:Acleistorhinus
394:Acleistorhinus
390:Acleistorhinus
385:
382:
380:
377:
369:Acleistorhinus
365:Acleistorhinus
361:
358:
331:, a result of
325:Acleistorhinus
278:Acleistorhinus
272:
271:
268:
256:
255:
249:
248:
238:Acleistorhinus
231:
227:
226:
218:
214:
213:
205:
201:
200:
192:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
127:Acleistorhinus
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
25:Acleistorhinus
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2747:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:Millerosauria
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2510:Recumbirostra
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Captorhinidae
2498:
2496:
2495:Araeoscelidia
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2406:Pantestudines
2403:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2395:Pantestudines
2392:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:Archelosauria
2340:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2243:Sauropterygia
2240:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2232:Sauropterygia
2226:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:Kuehneosuchus
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:Kuehneosaurus
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:Drepanosaurus
2045:
2043:
2042:
2041:Dolabrosaurus
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1936:Tangasauridae
1930:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1885:Sphodrosaurus
1879:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1835:Maiothisavros
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:Lanthanolania
1819:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:Claudiosaurus
1728:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1630:Procolophonia
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1619:Procolophonia
1613:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:Millerosaurus
1588:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1561:Millerettidae
1555:
1549:
1548:
1547:Stereosternum
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1533:Brazilosaurus
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1140:(6): 297–307.
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
985:
980:
976:
969:
966:
961:
957:
950:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
914:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
817:
813:(3): 676–687.
812:
808:
801:
798:
792:
788:
787:
783:
781:
780:
776:
774:
773:
769:
767:
766:
762:
760:
759:
755:
753:
752:
748:
747:
743:
741:
738:
733:
731:
730:North America
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Richards Spur
707:
703:
699:
695:
688:
681:
680:
672:
671:
663:
662:
654:
653:
650:
649:
648:Procolophonia
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
624:
623:
617:
616:
613:
612:
604:
603:
600:
599:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
576:
575:
569:
568:
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
552:Millerettidae
546:
545:
538:
534:
533:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Carboniferous
512:of the Upper
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
491:
487:
483:
480:
476:
471:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
416:
413:
404:
402:
400:
395:
391:
383:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
359:
357:
355:
354:
350:, along with
349:
346:
342:
341:A. pteroticus
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:of the lower
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:Early Permian
291:
287:
284:
280:
279:
266:
265:
257:
254:
250:
246:
240:
239:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
216:
215:
212:
206:
203:
202:
199:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
31:Early Permian
26:
22:
19:
2646:
2591:Eolacertilia
2566:Ankyramorpha
2546:Parareptilia
2536:Captorhinida
2450:
2413:
2383:crocodilians
2370:
2320:Lepidosauria
2318:
2191:Choristodera
2180:Choristodera
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2062:Kyrgyzsaurus
2060:
2055:Hypuronector
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1920:
1915:Thadeosaurus
1913:
1906:
1883:
1875:Saurosternon
1873:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1793:
1785:Feralisaurus
1783:
1774:Eunotosaurus
1772:
1762:
1754:Dolerosaurus
1752:
1742:
1732:
1721:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:Bolosauridae
1471:
1463:
1457:Delorhynchus
1455:
1449:Colobomycter
1447:
1442:Carbonodraco
1440:
1434:
1433:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1246:
1240:Superclass:
1209:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1098:
1094:
1091:Delorhynchus
1090:
1084:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1032:
1028:
1022:
997:
993:
987:
978:
974:
968:
959:
955:
949:
932:
928:
922:
903:
899:
889:
864:
860:
854:
829:
825:
819:
810:
806:
800:
784:
777:
770:
765:Parareptilia
763:
756:
749:
736:
734:
721:
693:
692:
645:
629:
627:
595:
581:
579:
549:
537:Parareptilia
526:Parareptilia
503:
498:
494:
489:
486:parareptilia
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:parareptilia
452:
450:
436:
428:
422:
412:parasphenoid
408:
398:
393:
389:
387:
372:
368:
364:
363:
353:Colobomycter
351:
340:
324:
277:
276:
275:
263:
262:
253:Type species
237:
236:
198:Parareptilia
188:
126:
24:
18:
2571:Neodiapsida
2515:Varanopidae
2372:Archosauria
2165:Rhabdopelix
2129:Icarosaurus
2106:Vallesaurus
2099:Unguinychus
2069:Longisquama
1960:Tangasaurus
1908:Galesphyrus
1899:Younginidae
1805:Kenyasaurus
1795:Heleosuchus
1723:Adelosaurus
1598:Milleropsis
1577:Heleophilus
1465:Feeserpeton
506:parareptile
441:insectivore
433:insectivore
290:parareptile
2719:Categories
2596:Euryapsida
2586:Avicephala
2541:Eureptilia
2524:Other taxa
2415:Testudines
2092:Skybalonyx
2034:Avicranium
1953:Hovasaurus
1865:Palaeagama
1855:Palacrodon
1845:Orovenator
1651:see below↓
1584:Milleretta
1540:Mesosaurus
1524:Mesosauria
1503:Bolosaurus
1412:Microleter
1375:Sauropsida
1362:Sauropsida
1330:see below↓
1321:Sauropsida
1210:sensu lato
1200:Sauropsida
793:References
751:Macroleter
631:Macroleter
499:Macroleter
461:Macroleter
451:The genus
423:The Early
313:morphology
300:stage) of
269:Daly, 1969
2412:Includes
2377:includes
2369:Includes
2331:squamates
2325:includes
2317:Includes
2136:Idiosaura
2084:Protoavis
1997:Rautiania
1510:Eudibamus
1402:Erpetonyx
1242:Tetrapoda
1228:Kingdom:
1115:128459194
846:128459194
786:Synapsids
714:Fort Sill
689:Discovery
522:Synapsida
467:known as
405:Dentition
360:Etymology
329:synapsids
298:Kungurian
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
2662:Q3604579
2656:Wikidata
2622:Category
2576:Eosuchia
2531:Anapsida
2478:See also
2290:Reptilia
2158:Pamelina
1990:Glaurung
1922:Youngina
1706:Diapsida
1693:Diapsida
1642:Diapsida
1236:Chordata
1234:Phylum:
1230:Animalia
1206:Reptilia
1049:86266685
1014:29661691
981:: 1–122.
962:: 15–44.
881:89333948
779:Reptilia
772:Chordate
744:See also
518:Diapsida
302:Oklahoma
296:(middle
217:Family:
182:Reptilia
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
2689:4127915
2676:4965358
2420:turtles
1570:Broomia
1496:Belebey
1473:Karutia
1251:Amniota
726:Permian
698:Permian
539:
482:amniote
479:Permian
425:Permian
337:species
319:of the
309:reptile
306:anapsid
283:extinct
230:Genus:
204:Order:
178:Class:
105:↓
2281:Sauria
1113:
1047:
1012:
879:
844:
535:
345:Family
243:Daly,
129:skull
2702:37515
2379:birds
2286:Crown
1815:Kudnu
1247:Clade
1111:S2CID
1045:S2CID
1010:S2CID
877:S2CID
842:S2CID
718:fauna
384:Skull
321:skull
286:genus
189:Clade
2671:GBIF
2404:see
2381:and
2361:see
2329:and
2309:see
2267:see
2241:see
2215:see
2189:see
1628:see
1307:see
1280:see
524:and
373:rhin
245:1969
44:PreꞒ
1103:doi
1072:doi
1068:167
1037:doi
1002:doi
998:113
979:145
937:doi
908:doi
904:151
869:doi
834:doi
728:of
323:of
288:of
2721::
2699::
2686::
2673::
2658::
1249::
1138:12
1136:.
1132:.
1109:.
1099:34
1097:.
1066:.
1043:.
1033:26
1031:.
1008:.
996:.
977:.
960:21
958:.
933:19
931:.
902:.
898:.
875:.
865:36
863:.
840:.
830:34
828:.
811:43
809:.
732:.
520:,
339:,
191::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
2292:)
2288:-
2284:(
2255:†
2229:†
2203:†
2177:†
2168:?
2139:?
2117:†
2087:?
2072:?
2015:†
1971:†
1948:?
1933:†
1896:†
1881:†
1871:†
1861:†
1851:†
1841:†
1831:†
1821:†
1811:†
1801:†
1791:†
1781:†
1777:?
1770:†
1760:†
1750:†
1740:†
1730:†
1726:?
1719:†
1616:†
1558:†
1521:†
1484:†
1468:?
1460:?
1452:?
1423:†
1408:†
1398:†
1388:†
1212:)
1203:(
1192:e
1185:t
1178:v
1117:.
1105::
1078:.
1074::
1051:.
1039::
1016:.
1004::
943:.
939::
916:.
910::
883:.
871::
848:.
836::
646:†
628:†
596:†
580:†
550:†
260:†
234:†
221:†
208:†
195:†
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:Ꞓ
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