494:
624:
663:. It has a range that is larger than 20,000 km and therefore, its range is too large for this bird to be considered vulnerable under the criterion of range size. Also, the population trends seem to be stable (over the last ten years or three generations) and so, this bird cannot be considered vulnerable under the criterion of population trends. Finally, it is believed that the population size exceeds 10,000 mature individuals and therefore its this bird cannot be considered vulnerable under the criterion of population size.
965:
42:
86:
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61:
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20,000 to 30,000 individuals. It could be found anywhere from the south of the province to
Washington and Oregon. By the mid-20th century, the numbers began declining, and the bird is now extirpated in North America. Other examples of the crested myna's introduction can be seen in Portugal. The bird was discovered breeding around Lisbon, Portugal in 1997. They are now established on both sides of the
403:
primaries are white. The tail feathers also have white tips with the exception of the middle pair. The under-tail coverts are black with a white tip. The adult's eyes are orange, its bill is pale yellow, and its legs are a dull dark yellow. Its bill is slender and very sharp. The males are slightly larger than the females. The female's crest is slightly less well-developed. Otherwise, there is no
563:
432:
spotted on agricultural fields, in orchards and farmyards, near manure piles. It can be seen near plowed fields to take advantage of the invertebrates found in the tilled soil. It is often seen near cattle as it eats the insects around them. It is also commonly distributed in grasslands, fields and at the edge of forests.
544:
Its diet varies seasonally. On average, 40% of the adult bird's diet is meat and 60% is vegetation. However, in
September, the proportion of meat in its diet increases to around 50–60%, where almost half of it is flies. In the winter months, as insects and fruit are less common, the crested myna eats
402:
The crested myna is named after the tuft of feathers that form a crest-like structure on its forehead that covers the bird's nostrils. It is mostly black with a slight green sheen. It has a couple of white wing patches under its wings which are more visible during flight. The tips and the base of the
635:
The first clutch of the season appears during the end of April or during May. Most pairs are double-brooded, which means they will have a second clutch in the same season. The second clutch appears in June to mid-August. The eggs are of a light blue-green color and have a similar shape to that of
631:
The crested mynas build their nests in a variety of places. In a forest, it builds its nest in holes caused by woodpeckers or decay. In urban areas, the nests can be found in chimneys, drains, and crevices among other places. Most nests are built in April or May. Both the male and the female take
548:
Its diet also varies with the life stages of the bird. Juveniles eat proportionally more animal matter than adults
Approximately 75% of their diet is made of meat (50% of which is from insects). Similarly to adult crested mynas, the proportion of insects and fruit that the juveniles eat increases
431:
The crested myna can be found in a wide range of habitats from urban to rural areas. In cities, it can be seen in the eaves of buildings, along roads and alleys, near gardens and parks, in parking lots. It can be found under bridges, in trees, in chimneys, and on roofs. In rural areas, it can be
447:
As a popular cage bird, it is often transported outside of its normal range and, on occasion, can be accidentally released and introduced in a new area. For example, in the late 1800s, it was introduced to
Vancouver, British Columbia. It was able to proliferate and its population grew to around
261:
The crested myna is typically found in open spaces near urban and agricultural areas. It is a popular cage bird and, as a result, has been accidentally released in a few places outside of its usual range. For example, this species was introduced around 1890 into the
Vancouver region of British
422:
are born naked except for of a short gray down found on certain parts of the bird. In about 18 to 20 days, the juveniles become fully covered with brown feathers. The crest is usually not well developed at this stage. Immature crested mynas have blue-gray eyes.
265:
Like many starlings, the crested myna is omnivorous. It will eat a variety of food including worms, grubs, grains, fruit, and even garbage. It is a highly beneficial bird to farmers, as it feeds on insects and does not attack crops.
435:
The range spans from southeastern and central China to northern
Indochina. It is found in the Yangtze valley and the southeastern Jiangxi Province in China. The crested myna has also been recorded in Burma, Taiwan and Hainan.
632:
part in the construction of the nest. To build the nest, the crested mynas have been known to use just about anything they can find from grass to branches to garbage.
647:
The immature crested mynas do not separate from their parents. They typically form small family groups and form a larger flock with others for feeding and traveling.
541:
The crested myna is an omnivorous bird. Although it eats mainly insects, this bird can eat a wide variety of items including fruit, grains, meat, manure and garbage.
1467:
644:. The eggs are incubated for 14 days, after which the fledglings move out of the nest onto a nearby tree or shrub. The parents keep feeding them for about a week.
1532:
1679:
533:. Vocal mimicry of human voices and other yard birds in crested mynas has been reported. However, birds held in captivity were not found to be good mimics.
930:
Banks, Richard C.; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L.; Kratter, Andrew W.; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Remsen, J. V.; Rising, James D. & Stotz, Douglas F. (2005).
415:
is slightly smaller than the nominate subspecies and its bill is greenish-yellow. Its under-tail coverts are white and it has a more developed crest.
1625:
1431:
1480:
411:, has proportionally smaller wings and a smaller bill. The feathers that form the crest are narrower than the ones from the nominate subspecies.
1029:
1019:
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Columbia. It was initially successful, reaching a population in the thousands, however, it has since then gone locally extinct in the area.
1709:
1004:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
786:
610:
1130:), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1704:
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The crested myna has a wide array of songs and calls, from whistles to warbles to chortles. When alarmed, it emits a raspy
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584:
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85:
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was formerly the group of bare-skin faced mynas. Now, the two genera form a new group that keeps the name
1684:
1374:
1045:
656:
338:
180:
1643:
1576:
1261:
Studies on the life cycle of
Brachylaima mesostoma (Rud., 1803) Baer, 1933 (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)
987:. Vol. Part 1. London: Printed for the author at the College of Physicians. p. 19, Plate 19.
707:
1348:
1330:
453:
50:
1511:
1335:
953:
932:"Forty-Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North American Birds"
282:. He used the English name "Chinese starling or Black Bird". When in 1758 the Swedish naturalist
210:
80:
1193:
Hsieh YC, Chen SH, Wang CW, Lee YF, Chung WC, Tsai MC, Chang TC, Lien YY & Tsai SS. (2005).
1472:
1498:
1392:
1025:
782:
636:
robin eggs. Typically, the clutch size is around 4–6 eggs. Every day, one egg is hatched. The
404:
1131:
1072:
1007:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 109.
943:
702:
41:
1589:
1558:
1361:
1049:
1545:
288:
17:
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471:, as well as parts of Japan and Argentina. The Crested myna is called "Martinez" in the
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381:
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1154:"A survey of recent introduction events, spread and mitigation efforts of mynas (
258:. It is named after the tuft of feathers on its forehead that resembles a crest.
1524:
1506:
1454:
1315:
562:
472:
1076:
1584:
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Unusual pox lesions found in
Chinese jungle mynahs (Acridotheres cristatellus)
357:
1306:
948:
931:
637:
464:
419:
385:
255:
137:
97:
1239:
The use of
Christmas Bird Count data to monitor populations of exotic birds
1077:"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings, oxpeckers"
1610:
1550:
1300:
777:
Feare, C., Craig, A., Croucher, B., Shields, C., Komolphalin, K. (1998).
245:
147:
117:
1630:
1651:
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1343:
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PREENING BEHAVIOR OF GROUP OF MYNA BIRDS, ACRIDOTHERES-CRISTATELLUS(GM)
957:
305:
345:, which included the mynas that had a fully feathered or tufted face.
1459:
1272:
Breeding birds and their nests in street tree strips in Hangzhou city
1219:. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie. vol
468:
460:
328:
meaning "crested" or "plumed". The crested myna is now placed in the
107:
1277:
1152:
Saavedra, S.; Maraver, A.; Anadón, J. D. & Tella, J. L. (2015).
1135:
1410:
507:
1405:
438:
329:
321:
301:
841:"The Crested Myna, Or Chinese Starling, In The Pacific Northwest"
297:
278:
included a picture and a description of the crested myna in his
127:
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678:
676:
556:
1250:
Hyper Mature Cataract in a Crested Myna Leucopsar-Rothschildi
655:
Since 1998, the crested myna has been rated as a species of
1126:
Johnson, S. R. and R. W. Campbell (1995). "Crested Myna" (
459:
The crested myna has also been successfully introduced in
545:
a lot more garbage (representing about 15% of its diet).
337:
that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist
1217:
Introduced and naturalized exotic birds in Argentina
309:. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
1600:
1290:
1184:Pale-bellied Myna Acridotheres cinereus in Sarawak
902:Restall, R.L. (1968). "The Chinese Crested Mynah (
708:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710946A94269013.en
1206:Bird community of inner La Plata City, Argentina
1054:(in French). Paris: Deterville/self. p. 42.
487:
1051:Analyse d'une Nouvelle Ornithologie Élémentaire
316:and cited Edwards' work. The specific epithet
8:
1021:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
296:, he placed the crested myna with the other
591:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1278:
781:. London: Christopher Helm Publisher Ltd.
59:
40:
31:
1270:Wang Y-P, Chen S-h & Ding P. (2003).
1024:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 122.
947:
706:
611:Learn how and when to remove this message
622:
341:. It was previously placed in the genus
839:Scheffer, T.H. & Cottam C. (1935).
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452:to the west of Lisbon and also on the
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1083:. International Ornithologists' Union
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1274:. Zoological Research. p. 2003.
1252:. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. vol
1162:Animal Biodiversity and Conservation
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589:adding citations to reliable sources
1680:IUCN Red List least concern species
984:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
694:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
661:IUCN Red List of Endangered Species
371:, 1758) – south and southeast China
280:A Natural History of Uncommon Birds
1204:Montalti D & Kopij G. (2001).
525:. Other calls include a series of
25:
1259:Tang Z-Z & Tang C-T. (1993).
549:with availability and abundance.
254:native to southeastern China and
1081:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
963:
561:
492:
84:
683:BirdLife International (2016).
274:In 1743 the English naturalist
1186:. Malayan Nature Journal. vol
1:
1263:. Acta Zoologica Sinica. vol
443:A crested myna wades in water
1710:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1158:sp.) in Spain and Portugal"
393:(Hartert, E, 1912) – Taiwan
1726:
1208:. Acta Ornithologica. vol
1018:Jobling, James A. (2010).
384:(off southeast China) and
1590:Acridotheres-cristatellus
1336:Acridotheres_cristatellus
1322:Acridotheres cristatellus
1292:Acridotheres cristatellus
1256:, no 2. pp. 158–159.
1226:Nguyenclausen A. (1975).
1223:, no 2. pp. 191–202.
1212:, no 2. pp. 161–164.
1201:, no 5. pp. 415–417.
1190:, no 4. pp. 355–356.
1182:Gregory-Smith R. (1997).
1128:Acridotheres cristatellus
904:Acridotheres cristatellus
687:Acridotheres cristatellus
237:Acridotheres cristatellus
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190:Acridotheres cristatellus
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81:Scientific classification
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18:Acridotheres cristatellus
908:The Avicultural Magazine
701:: e.T22710946A94269013.
427:Distribution and habitat
1705:Birds described in 1758
1700:Birds of Southeast Asia
1267:, no 1. pp. 13–18.
1197:. Avian Pathology. vol
651:Status and conservation
1241:. American Birds. vol
1046:Vieillot, Louis Pierre
949:10.1093/auk/122.3.1026
851:: 1–27. Archived from
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444:
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339:Louis Pierre Vieillot
240:), also known as the
1248:Schmidt RE. (1983).
1075:, eds. (July 2021).
585:improve this section
172:A. cristatellus
1602:Gracula cristatella
779:Starlings and Mynas
314:Gracula cristatella
222:Linnaeus, 1758
219:Gracula cristatella
51:Conservation status
1237:Pranty B. (2001).
1234:, pp. 91–108.
1215:Navas JR. (2002).
1071:; Donsker, David;
845:Technical Bulletin
629:
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365:A. c. cristatellus
244:, is a species of
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1284:Taxon identifiers
1245:, pp. 24–28.
1230:. Behaviour. vol
1073:Rasmussen, Pamela
1031:978-1-4081-2501-4
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454:Setúbal Peninsula
409:A. c. brevipennis
407:. The subspecies
405:sexual dimorphism
375:A. c. brevipennis
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391:A. c. formosanus
360:are recognised:
242:Chinese starling
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35:Crested myna
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1685:Acridotheres
1601:
1447:crested-myna
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853:the original
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583:Please help
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510:Crested myna
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483:Vocalization
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351:Acridotheres
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347:Acridotheres
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232:crested myna
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159:Acridotheres
158:
29:
1507:NatureServe
1455:iNaturalist
1316:Wikispecies
1069:Gill, Frank
714:19 November
642:altricially
627:A fledgling
473:Philippines
398:Description
318:cristatella
1674:Categories
1617:Q106447783
1585:Xeno-canto
859:2019-11-23
667:References
638:hatchlings
508:Listen to
420:hatchlings
378:Hartert, E
358:subspecies
343:Aethiospar
640:are born
572:does not
478:Behaviour
465:Singapore
386:Indochina
380:, 1910 –
326:cristatus
256:Indochina
166:Species:
148:Sturnidae
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1631:11047419
1611:Wikidata
1512:2.106249
1499:22710946
1473:10857281
1362:22710946
1357:BirdLife
1301:Wikidata
1048:(1816).
1001:(1758).
981:(1743).
369:Linnaeus
292:for the
270:Taxonomy
246:starling
211:Synonyms
198:Linnaeus
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1652:ZooBank
1644:1453470
1577:1453468
1437:2489010
1344:Avibase
1307:Q715819
1087:28 July
958:4090620
936:The Auk
659:on the
593:removed
578:sources
306:Gracula
300:in the
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1538:451382
1486:179642
1444:GNAB:
1419:EURING
1411:cremyn
1385:cremyn
1028:
956:
785:
531:creeks
527:chuffs
469:Manila
461:Penang
356:Three
1639:WoRMS
1572:WoRMS
1551:76429
1468:IRMNG
1460:14872
1424:15890
1406:eBird
1382:BOW:
1375:95478
954:JSTOR
523:jaaay
330:genus
322:Latin
320:is a
302:genus
298:mynas
1626:GBIF
1564:1097
1533:NCBI
1494:IUCN
1481:ITIS
1432:GBIF
1398:9KHM
1370:BOLD
1089:2021
1026:ISBN
906:)".
783:ISBN
716:2021
699:2016
576:any
574:cite
537:Diet
418:The
230:The
202:1758
128:Aves
1559:TSA
1520:NBN
1393:CoL
1331:ADW
1243:102
1132:doi
944:doi
940:122
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703:doi
587:by
529:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
