791:
187:
174:
154:
257:
140:
38:
264:
957:
had broken in two when torpedoed and sank almost immediately, the
Germans continuing to fire at men in the water. The four British destroyers began to fire on the German torpedo-boats at long range and sank them about an hour after opening fire. The destroyers rescued 46 survivors from the German
885:
was wounded early in the action and
Domville took over in the wheelhouse. The Germans fired at the wheelhouse, wounding Domville with splinters and knocked him down several times. After exchanging fire for about twenty minutes, the nearest of the two torpedo boats moved off to about 1,200 yd
978:
The loss of the torpedo boats showed
Schroeder the severe limitations of the A-class torpedo boats; they were too poorly armed for raiding and the boats were relegated to coastal patrols. The defeat at Noordhinder allowed Schroeder's pleas for reinforcements finally to be heard by the German
1083:
had been locked away below decks on one of the torpedo boats and were abandoned when the German vessel started to sink. The
Germans reported that they did not have enough time to get to the British prisoners and were barely able to escape themselves.
1022:
985:
Kurt Assman was transferred to command of the
Flanders Flotilla torpedo boats which was split into two half-flotillas. The next engagement involving an A-class torpedo boat on 22 August against two French destroyers in which
990:
damaged one destroyer but was sunk with the loss of fifteen of the crew of 27, reinforced the perception that the class was too slow and under-gunned. Several new boats were put in reserve to provide crews for
3618:
849:, were seen heading towards the British trawlers from the west-south-west, with no flags visible. At about 500 yd (460 m) range they ran up German flags and the foremost ship launched a torpedo at
2991:
1034:
The
British took the incident to be a hit-and-run attack, assuming that the seaplane patrol that morning had alerted Zeebrugge and had led to the German sortie against the trawlers. The 3-pounder gun on
3006:
3190:
314:
1079:
along with 13 men killed (including
Schoemann) and 46 rescued and taken prisoner. A scandal ensued after it was discovered from the captured Germans that the three men taken from the sinking
829:
to rescue the crew and destroy the trawlers. The crew of the seaplane were rescued by a Dutch freighter and taken to the
Noordhinder lightship, whence they were returned to land by a U-boat.
3088:
2725:
1889:
3623:
3167:
3195:
1702:
1393:. History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
3110:
1346:. History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (2nd ed.). London: Longmans.
3383:
2802:
1760:
3490:
3398:
3153:
78:
3393:
3083:
3034:
2949:
307:
3237:
592:
1417:(2nd (first published as Wielding the Dagger: The Marinekorps Flandern and the German War Effort, 1914â1918, Praeger) ed.). Barnsley: Seaforth (Pen & Sword).
3078:
2436:
2707:
1929:
300:
3613:
3138:
3068:
1919:
1830:
3162:
2053:
1507:
173:
145:
965:
s crew and locked them away, failing to release them as the ship sank. Schoemann was one of the casualties and the
British destroyers suffered no damage.
1730:
359:
2060:
1712:
790:
2737:
2446:
2348:
3320:
3158:
3145:
3102:
3011:
2539:
2106:
1753:
334:
3502:
680:
which sank four ships and returned during a storm, allaying concerns that the UB coastal submarines lacked seaworthiness; the coastal submarine
3512:
3370:
3284:
3218:
3055:
2934:
2607:
1626:
1482:
1422:
1351:
646:, was formed on 28 April 1915. Comprising 15 of the A-class boats, rather than the anticipated 50, the flotilla was put under the command of
394:
3459:
2879:
1664:
630:, like the UB and UC coastal submarines. The new A-class boats displaced a little over 100 long tons (100 t), had a speed of about 20
523:
that had been forced to alight by engine trouble and to attack the trawlers. The
Germans engaged the trawlers; British destroyers from the
3230:
3444:
766:(Lieutenant-Commander W. H. Hawthorne, RNR) about 4 nmi (4.6 mi; 7.4 km) to the west-north-west of the light. The trawler
2182:
1687:
1100:
One German crewman had been swept overboard and managed to reach a lifebuoy, marked with A6. The man was rescued by a Norwegian ship SS
1051:
and forced the Germans to retire. The Admiralty passed on its appreciation to the trawlers for fighting a superior force so vigorously.
770:
which carried the flotilla commander, Lieutenant Sir James Domville RN, the senior ship of the four, was to the west-north-west, beyond
256:
3429:
2719:
577:(17 October 1914) German naval authorities were reluctant to commit forces for offensive operations off the coast of Flanders. Admiral
2121:
709:
2814:
1867:
439:
3304:
2998:
2086:
1557:
1451:
1377:
434:
339:
2484:
1522:
2220:
3555:
3360:
3340:
3127:
3063:
2886:
2755:
1659:
1579:
1517:
277:
3029:
2396:
941:, which arrived from the south-west and with the other three destroyers promptly began to chase the two German torpedo boats.
3355:
3350:
3345:
3335:
1674:
1649:
1547:
902:
474:
3388:
3330:
3325:
3289:
3223:
3115:
2961:
2544:
1934:
1862:
1793:
1562:
1532:
1527:
419:
409:
2554:
3279:
2906:
2846:
2743:
2648:
2411:
2197:
1901:
1740:
1639:
384:
369:
2514:
3517:
2954:
2939:
2797:
2749:
2065:
1939:
1852:
1616:
1604:
1599:
1039:
had been well handled by Petty Officer A. H. Hallett and that the deck and engine-room crews had shown great courage.
582:
344:
2731:
2126:
3628:
3497:
3454:
2489:
2474:
2376:
2245:
1813:
1725:
1682:
612:
608:
548:) that the Flanders Flotilla was inadequately armed to protect the coast, let alone harass British shipping in the
444:
389:
3439:
2779:
2386:
2240:
3207:
2791:
2534:
2519:
2131:
1825:
1803:
1552:
1542:
1475:
705:
568:
2820:
2761:
2701:
3633:
3414:
2901:
2891:
2773:
2509:
2504:
2426:
1835:
1808:
1512:
404:
379:
2230:
890:
steamed closer but the Germans got the engine going and both torpedo-boats withdrew to the south-south-east.
3485:
3477:
3419:
3179:
2874:
2637:
2549:
2464:
2459:
2431:
2391:
2250:
2235:
2210:
2091:
1968:
517:
414:
3252:
2976:
2911:
2767:
2494:
2421:
2371:
2356:
2338:
2311:
2225:
2192:
1857:
1818:
1798:
1609:
1502:
992:
578:
553:
464:
179:
2785:
735:. The destroyer broke in two and sank at once; only 26 members of the crew were rescued by a Dutch ship.
3242:
2896:
2561:
2524:
2454:
2401:
2323:
2291:
2265:
2215:
2146:
2048:
2001:
1847:
1785:
1654:
1537:
2187:
3592:
3507:
2161:
2136:
2111:
1468:
933:
to hunt for the U-boat that had sunk the destroyer. Thirty minutes after the German ships moved off,
616:
539:
535:
424:
3574:
3527:
2713:
2577:
2529:
2406:
2366:
2361:
2306:
1989:
1983:
1884:
922:
804:
departed Zeebrugge to reconnoitre the Thames but one of the aircraft had engine trouble and made a
649:
1047:
were commended for the effectiveness of their long-range fire, which had been of great support to
3534:
3449:
2808:
2672:
2654:
2619:
2583:
2416:
2381:
2333:
2318:
2205:
2156:
1995:
1954:
1634:
916:
909:
782:
was attacked by another U-boat at Thornton Ridge off the Scheldt estuary but the torpedo missed.
691:
598:
459:
429:
552:. After similar defeats, the A-class torpedo boats were relegated to coastal patrol and heavier
3567:
3561:
3522:
3424:
3257:
2840:
2695:
2678:
2479:
2301:
2281:
2116:
2101:
2031:
2019:
1879:
1720:
1697:
1644:
1447:
1418:
1394:
1373:
1347:
1071:
suffered 16 killed with only a deckhand being rescued after the action. The Germans lost
795:
Admiralty Chart No 3371 Dunkerque to Hook of Holland (1949) Noordhinder Bank near left margin
698:
604:
513:
454:
399:
191:
1012:
1005:
979:
Admiralty and on 22 May another six A-class torpedo boats were placed on order for Flanders.
2625:
2595:
2589:
2499:
2328:
2296:
2286:
2025:
1949:
1944:
1872:
1692:
1592:
1439:
824:
817:
809:
635:
574:
364:
354:
349:
195:
64:
591:), kept pressure on the German naval command for the transfer of a force of submarines and
3434:
3274:
2613:
2166:
2141:
1840:
1748:
1587:
928:
549:
68:
29:
1341:
3267:
3247:
2918:
2631:
2469:
2260:
2151:
2007:
1911:
1894:
1337:
805:
751:
717:
449:
3607:
3378:
2666:
2660:
2096:
2013:
1924:
898:
721:
524:
497:
493:
212:
186:
159:
2828:
2255:
509:
469:
223:
881:. Despite being slower and outgunned the trawler crews fought on; the captain of
758:(Sub-Lieutenant L. W. Kersley, RNR) was north-east of the Noordhinder lightship,
3039:
2944:
2642:
2070:
1491:
1388:
631:
516:. The action began when the two torpedo boats were sent to rescue the crew of a
1415:
The Naval flank of the Western Front: The German MarineKorps Flandern 1914â1918
762:(Sub-Lieutenant A. Stablefold, RNR) was to the south-east of the lightship and
724:(35 mi; 56 km) to the south-west of the Noordhinder light vessel. At
37:
639:
1398:
530:
The loss of the two torpedo boats greatly demoralised the German flotilla at
94:
80:
2834:
2601:
687:
643:
505:
217:
72:
1444:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
3094:
801:
531:
520:
501:
1021:
998:
740:
681:
675:
627:
623:
603:(Imperial German Navy) relented and decided to send him a force of new
953:
had rescued the only survivor, a deckhand. The survivor reported that
877:
opened fire at long range and one of the torpedo boats turned towards
292:
813:
671:
958:
ships of 59 crewmen, who related how they had taken three men from
937:, with its gun and siren, attracted the attention of the destroyer
3262:
1020:
789:
713:
869:
and the trawlers were engaged by machine-gun and artillery fire.
754:
were searching for a U-boat reported in the area the day before.
1464:
296:
1460:
1018:
transferred from the III Torpedo Boat Flotilla that November.
808:. The other seaplane crew reported four British trawlers off
573:
After the 7th Torpedo Boat Half Flotilla was lost during the
622:
The torpedo boats had been designed in late 1914, built at
1250:
1248:
743:
trawlers began an abortive search for the submarine until
527:
appeared; the German ships tried to escape but were sunk.
3619:
Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
1235:
1233:
1184:
1182:
886:(1,100 m), began to lose steam and came to a stop.
1265:
1263:
634:(23 mph; 37 km/h), carried two torpedoes, a
1372:. Vol. I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
1141:
1139:
1126:
1124:
857:
opened fire and soon afterwards another torpedo hit
747:
by when they had returned to the Noordhinder light.
3547:
3468:
3407:
3369:
3313:
3302:
3206:
3178:
3126:
3048:
3022:
2974:
2927:
2867:
2860:
2688:
2570:
2445:
2347:
2274:
2175:
2079:
2041:
1976:
1967:
1910:
1784:
1773:
1739:
1711:
1673:
1625:
1578:
1571:
1370:German Warships 1815â1945: Major Surface Vessels
2437:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
642:. The Flanders Torpedo Boat Flotilla, based in
22:
3624:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany
1476:
308:
8:
980:
686:sailed on 1 May 1915. That day, two British
647:
596:
586:
543:
1446:(Pimlico ed.). London: Jonathan Cape.
716:, the most distant maritime hazards of the
3310:
3019:
2924:
2864:
1973:
1781:
1575:
1483:
1469:
1461:
861:on the port side below the wheelhouse and
816:. Schoemann sailed with the torpedo boats
674:based at Zeebrugge began with a sortie by
626:and transported, in sections, overland to
595:to his command. After several months, the
315:
301:
293:
19:
2726:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
534:, as they were new. The loss of the two
263:
3103:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1239:
1188:
1157:
1120:
1093:
1317:
3056:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
2392:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
1321:
1293:
1281:
1212:
1173:
1161:
1145:
1130:
7:
3460:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1305:
1269:
1254:
1224:
1200:
865:sank. Two torpedoes passed close to
3614:North Sea operations of World War I
3389:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2183:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2122:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
945:began a search for survivors from
559:were transferred to the flotilla.
14:
2485:Second Battle of the Piave River
2107:Russian invasion of East Prussia
800:Early on 1 May 1915, two German
262:
255:
185:
172:
152:
138:
36:
3556:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
2756:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1408:– via Archive Foundation.
1363:– via Archive Foundation.
3379:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
3238:Deportations from East Prussia
3035:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
774:. At about the same time that
731:was hit by a torpedo from the
720:. The shoal was about 30
1:
3290:Ukrainian Canadian internment
538:showed the commanders of the
360:Scarborough/Hartlepool/Whitby
3445:SazonovâPalĂ©ologue Agreement
2744:Estonian War of Independence
2412:Southern Palestine offensive
1387:Hurd, Sir Archibald (1921).
712:, which marked the Galloper
3399:USA against Austria-Hungary
2798:Turkish War of Independence
2750:Latvian War of Independence
2475:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2066:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
706:Nore Local Defence Flotilla
490:Action off Noordhinder Bank
23:Action off Noordhinder Bank
3650:
3482:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3030:1899â1923 cholera pandemic
2490:Second Battle of the Marne
2377:Second battle of the Aisne
2246:Second Battle of Champagne
2087:German invasion of Belgium
615:(minelayer) types and new
566:
445:Action of 15 February 1918
3588:
3263:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
2792:Irish War of Independence
2535:Armistice of Villa Giusti
2520:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
2132:First Battle of the Marne
1498:
330:
250:
229:
205:
165:
130:
46:
35:
27:
3415:Constantinople Agreement
2708:ArmenianâAzerbaijani War
2571:Co-belligerent conflicts
2540:Second Romanian campaign
2510:Third Transjordan attack
2221:GorliceâTarnĂłw offensive
2127:Battle of Grand Couronné
1059:British losses included
708:were patrolling off the
3478:Modus vivendi of Acroma
3430:BulgariaâGermany treaty
2738:Greater Poland Uprising
2638:National Protection War
2515:MeuseâArgonne offensive
2465:German spring offensive
2460:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2236:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2211:Second Battle of Artois
2092:Battle of the Frontiers
841:the two torpedo boats,
237:1 naval trawler damaged
3503:Paris Peace Conference
3491:UkraineâCentral Powers
3285:Massacres of Albanians
3253:Late Ottoman genocides
3060:Bulgarian occupations
2768:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2732:HungarianâRomanian War
2550:Naval Victory Bulletin
2545:Armistice with Germany
2495:Hundred Days Offensive
2422:Battle of La Malmaison
2372:Second battle of Arras
2339:Battle of Transylvania
2193:Second Battle of Ypres
2061:Sarajevo assassination
1950:South African Republic
1368:Gröner, Erich (1990).
1031:
981:
797:
648:
597:
587:
544:
166:Commanders and leaders
3513:Treaty of St. Germain
3486:RussiaâCentral Powers
3440:SykesâPicot Agreement
3268:Pontic Greek genocide
3243:Destruction of Kalisz
3219:Eastern Mediterranean
2780:PolishâLithuanian War
2562:Armistice of Belgrade
2525:Armistice of Salonica
2455:Operation Faustschlag
2402:Third Battle of Oituz
2324:Baranovichi offensive
2292:Lake Naroch offensive
2266:Battle of Robat Karim
2241:VistulaâBug offensive
2216:Battles of the Isonzo
2147:First Battle of Ypres
1413:Karau, Mark (2014) .
1296:, pp. 47, 50â51.
1024:
793:
617:A-class torpedo boats
583:Marine Corps Flanders
536:A-class torpedo boats
508:and a pair of German
496:between four British
230:Casualties and losses
3508:Treaty of Versailles
3224:Mount Lebanon famine
3139:in the United States
3107:Russian occupations
2821:TurkishâArmenian War
2762:PolishâUkrainian War
2702:UkrainianâSoviet War
2649:Central Asian Revolt
2432:Armistice of FocÈani
2162:Battle of Sarikamish
2112:Battle of Tannenberg
1508:Military engagements
996:-class torpedo boats
638:and could stow four
588:MarineKorps Flandern
557:-class torpedo boats
540:Imperial German Navy
492:on 1 May 1915 was a
435:2nd Heligoland Bight
340:1st Heligoland Bight
278:class=notpageimage|
242:2 torpedo boats sunk
235:1 naval trawler sunk
3575:They shall not pass
3498:Treaty of Bucharest
3455:Treaty of Bucharest
3394:USA against Germany
3371:Declarations of war
3075:German occupations
2988:British casualties
2847:SovietâGeorgian War
2774:Egyptian Revolution
2714:Armeno-Georgian War
2578:Somaliland campaign
2530:Armistice of Mudros
2407:Battle of Caporetto
2397:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
2367:Zimmermann telegram
2362:February Revolution
2307:Battle of the Somme
2231:Bug-Narew Offensive
2206:Battle of Gallipoli
2198:Sinking of the RMS
1990:Scramble for Africa
1984:Franco-Prussian War
1640:Sinai and Palestine
1308:, pp. 442â443.
1257:, pp. 441â442.
1227:, pp. 440â441.
1104:and transferred to
897:had been reported,
750:Four trawlers from
654:Hermann Schoemann.
581:, the commander of
579:Ludwig von Schröder
440:11â12 December 1917
324:North Sea 1914â1918
90: /
3535:Treaty of Lausanne
3450:Paris Economy Pact
3384:UK against Germany
3314:Entry into the war
3280:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
2999:Ottoman casualties
2809:Franco-Turkish War
2689:Post-War conflicts
2673:Russian Revolution
2655:Invasion of Darfur
2620:Kelantan rebellion
2608:Kurdish rebellions
2584:Mexican Revolution
2417:October Revolution
2382:Kerensky offensive
2357:Capture of Baghdad
2334:Monastir offensive
2319:Brusilov offensive
2157:Battle of Kolubara
1996:Russo-Japanese War
1032:
798:
710:Galloper lightship
670:Operations of the
605:coastal submarines
599:Kaiserliche Marine
545:Kaiserliche Marine
3629:Conflicts in 1915
3601:
3600:
3584:
3583:
3568:The Golden Virgin
3562:Mutilated victory
3543:
3542:
3523:Treaty of Trianon
3518:Treaty of Neuilly
3425:Damascus Protocol
3298:
3297:
3258:Armenian genocide
3215:Allied blockades
3187:Belgian refugees
2970:
2969:
2880:Strategic bombing
2856:
2855:
2841:Franco-Syrian War
2815:Greco-Turkish War
2803:Anglo-Turkish War
2786:PolishâSoviet War
2720:German Revolution
2696:Russian Civil War
2679:Finnish Civil War
2505:Battle of Megiddo
2480:Battle of Goychay
2427:Battle of Cambrai
2387:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
2302:Battle of Jutland
2282:Erzurum offensive
2137:Siege of PrzemyĆl
2117:Siege of Tsingtao
2102:Battle of Galicia
2032:Second Balkan War
2020:Italo-Turkish War
1977:Pre-War conflicts
1963:
1962:
1853:Portuguese Empire
1769:
1768:
1731:German New Guinea
1713:Asian and Pacific
1424:978-1-84832-231-8
1390:The Merchant Navy
1353:978-1-84342-490-1
906:-class destroyers
893:When the loss of
569:Flanders Flotilla
514:Flanders Flotilla
500:, supported by a
483:
482:
345:22 September 1914
291:
290:
192:Hermann Schoemann
126:
125:
3641:
3528:Treaty of SĂšvres
3420:Treaty of London
3311:
3089:Northeast France
3020:
2992:Parliamentarians
2925:
2887:Chemical weapons
2865:
2626:Senussi campaign
2596:Muscat rebellion
2590:Maritz rebellion
2558:
2500:Vardar offensive
2329:Battle of Romani
2297:Battle of Asiago
2287:Battle of Verdun
2251:Kosovo offensive
2026:First Balkan War
1974:
1873:Russian Republic
1782:
1576:
1518:Economic history
1485:
1478:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1428:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1383:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1343:Naval Operations
1325:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1109:
1098:
984:
964:
840:
810:Noordhinder Bank
746:
727:
653:
650:KorvettenkapitÀn
636:5 cm SK L/40 gun
602:
590:
575:Battle off Texel
547:
494:naval engagement
420:2nd Dover Strait
410:1st Dover Strait
390:29 February 1916
375:Noordhinder Bank
325:
317:
310:
303:
294:
270:Noordhinder Bank
266:
265:
259:
200:
190:
189:
177:
176:
158:
156:
155:
148:
144:
142:
141:
114:
113:
111:
110:
109:
107:
102:
101:
96:
95:51.650°N 2.683°E
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
65:Noordhinder Bank
48:
47:
40:
20:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3634:May 1915 events
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3580:
3539:
3471:
3464:
3435:Treaty of Darin
3403:
3365:
3321:Austria-Hungary
3307:
3294:
3275:Rape of Belgium
3202:
3174:
3122:
3116:Western Armenia
3111:Eastern Galicia
3044:
3018:
2982:
2981:Civilian impact
2980:
2966:
2923:
2852:
2684:
2614:Ovambo Uprising
2566:
2552:
2441:
2343:
2270:
2188:Battle of ĆomĆŒa
2171:
2167:Christmas truce
2142:Race to the Sea
2075:
2037:
1959:
1930:Austria-Hungary
1906:
1841:Empire of Japan
1778:
1776:
1765:
1749:U-boat campaign
1735:
1707:
1669:
1621:
1567:
1548:Popular culture
1494:
1489:
1454:
1438:
1435:
1433:Further reading
1425:
1412:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1320:, p. 161;
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:, p. 401;
1156:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1057:
1030:
982:KapitÀnleutnant
976:
971:
962:
838:
835:
796:
788:
778:was torpedoed,
744:
739:and one of the
725:
668:
660:
571:
565:
550:English Channel
486:
485:
484:
479:
475:24 October 1918
385:2nd Dogger Bank
370:1st Dogger Bank
335:U-Boat Campaign
326:
323:
321:
287:
286:
285:
284:
283:
280:
274:
273:
272:
271:
267:
245:
243:
238:
236:
215:
196:
184:
171:
153:
151:
139:
137:
136:
122:British victory
105:
103:
99:
97:
93:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
75:
69:the Netherlands
41:
30:First World War
12:
11:
5:
3647:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3474:
3472:
3470:Peace treaties
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3356:United Kingdom
3353:
3348:
3346:Ottoman Empire
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3248:Sack of Dinant
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3196:United Kingdom
3193:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3150:POW locations
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2985:
2983:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2950:United Kingdom
2947:
2945:Ottoman Empire
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2922:
2921:
2919:Trench warfare
2916:
2915:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2869:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2635:
2632:Volta-Bani War
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2470:Zeebrugge Raid
2467:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2261:Battle of Loos
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Black Sea raid
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:Historiography
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2008:Bosnian Crisis
2005:
2002:Tangier Crisis
1999:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Ottoman Empire
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1912:Central Powers
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:British Empire
1890:United Kingdom
1887:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1868:Russian Empire
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1786:Entente Powers
1779:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1754:North Atlantic
1745:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1665:Central Arabia
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1627:Middle Eastern
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Historiography
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1410:
1384:
1378:
1365:
1352:
1338:Corbett, J. S.
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1274:
1272:, p. 442.
1259:
1244:
1242:, p. 402.
1229:
1217:
1205:
1203:, p. 440.
1193:
1191:, p. 401.
1178:
1166:
1150:
1135:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1056:
1053:
1025:
975:
972:
970:
967:
834:
831:
806:forced landing
794:
787:
784:
752:Great Yarmouth
718:Thames estuary
667:
661:
659:
656:
567:Main article:
564:
561:
518:reconnaissance
498:naval trawlers
481:
480:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
405:19 August 1916
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
331:
328:
327:
322:
320:
319:
312:
305:
297:
289:
288:
281:
276:
275:
269:
268:
261:
260:
254:
253:
252:
251:
248:
247:
240:
232:
231:
227:
226:
220:
213:naval trawlers
208:
207:
203:
202:
182:
180:James Domville
168:
167:
163:
162:
149:
146:United Kingdom
133:
132:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
25:
24:
18:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3646:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3361:United States
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3301:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2962:United States
2960:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2912:Convoy system
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:Naval warfare
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:Kaocen revolt
2665:
2662:
2661:Easter Rising
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Great Retreat
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Battle of Cer
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:Agadir Crisis
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1902:United States
1900:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
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1851:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1819:French Empire
1817:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1772:
1762:
1761:Mediterranean
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1741:Naval warfare
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
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1716:
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1710:
1704:
1701:
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1646:
1643:
1641:
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1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1617:Italian Front
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:Eastern Front
1603:
1601:
1600:Western Front
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Puppet states
1556:
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1549:
1546:
1544:
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1472:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1455:
1453:1-8441-3411-3
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Massie, R. K.
1437:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1379:0-87021-790-9
1375:
1371:
1366:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1324:, p. 53.
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1284:, p. 53.
1283:
1278:
1275:
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1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:, p. 47.
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1176:, p. 43.
1175:
1170:
1167:
1164:, p. 43.
1163:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1148:, p. 48.
1147:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:, p. 44.
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1097:
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1016:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
997:
995:
989:
983:
973:
968:
966:
961:
956:
952:
949:to find that
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
913:
907:
905:
901:had sent the
900:
899:Harwich Force
896:
891:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
832:
830:
828:
827:
822:
821:
815:
811:
807:
803:
792:
786:German sortie
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
719:
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696:
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689:
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645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
600:
594:
593:torpedo boats
589:
584:
580:
576:
570:
562:
560:
558:
556:
551:
546:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:Harwich Force
522:
519:
515:
511:
510:torpedo boats
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
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421:
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416:
415:16 March 1917
413:
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401:
398:
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318:
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306:
304:
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279:
258:
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241:
234:
233:
228:
225:
224:torpedo boats
221:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
201:
199:
193:
188:
183:
181:
175:
170:
169:
164:
161:
160:German Empire
150:
147:
135:
134:
129:
121:
118:
117:
112:
100:51.650; 2.683
74:
70:
66:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:North Sea map
39:
34:
31:
26:
21:
16:
3573:
3566:
3554:
3161: /
3093:
2928:Conscription
2892:Cryptography
2829:Iraqi Revolt
2256:Siege of Kut
2199:
1777:participants
1726:German Samoa
1660:South Arabia
1443:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1389:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1342:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1240:Corbett 2009
1220:
1208:
1196:
1189:Corbett 2009
1169:
1158:Corbett 2009
1153:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
987:
977:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
923:
917:
911:
903:
894:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:but missed.
850:
846:
842:
836:
825:
819:
799:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
736:
732:
728:
700:
693:
682:
676:
669:
664:
663:Loss of HMS
621:
572:
554:
529:
489:
487:
465:Mine Barrage
395:2nd Yarmouth
380:Lowca/Parton
374:
355:1st Yarmouth
197:
131:Belligerents
28:Part of the
15:
3191:Netherlands
3168:Switzerland
3049:Occupations
3040:Spanish flu
2817:(1919â1922)
2811:(1918â1921)
2805:(1918â1923)
2794:(1919â1921)
2788:(1919â1921)
2782:(1919â1920)
2758:(1918â1920)
2752:(1918â1920)
2746:(1918â1920)
2728:(1918â1920)
2710:(1918â1920)
2704:(1917â1921)
2698:(1917â1921)
2645:(1916-1918)
2643:Arab Revolt
2634:(1915â1917)
2628:(1915â1917)
2616:(1914-1917)
2610:(1914â1917)
2604:(1914â1921)
2598:(1913â1920)
2586:(1910â1920)
2580:(1900â1920)
2553: [
2071:July Crisis
1992:(1880â1914)
1655:Mesopotamia
1533:Home fronts
1492:World War I
1318:Gröner 1990
812:, north of
640:naval mines
246:46 captured
98: /
3608:Categories
3408:Agreements
3208:War crimes
3084:Luxembourg
2977:Casualties
1848:Montenegro
1683:South West
1563:Technology
1553:Propaganda
1543:Opposition
1404:22 January
1359:20 January
1331:References
1322:Karau 2014
1294:Karau 2014
1282:Karau 2014
1213:Karau 2014
1174:Karau 2014
1162:Karau 2014
1146:Karau 2014
1131:Karau 2014
1055:Casualties
726:11:20 a.m.
688:destroyers
563:Background
506:destroyers
460:2nd Ostend
455:1st Ostend
425:4 May 1917
218:destroyers
104: (
54:1 May 1915
3305:Diplomacy
3012:Olympians
2935:Australia
2902:Logistics
2835:Vlora War
2764:(1918â19)
2740:(1918â19)
2734:(1918â19)
2722:(1918â19)
2669:(1916â17)
2651:(1916â17)
2602:Zaian War
2592:(1914â15)
2312:first day
2200:Lusitania
2028:(1912â13)
2022:(1911â12)
2010:(1908â09)
2004:(1905â06)
1986:(1870â71)
1775:Principal
1635:Gallipoli
1538:Memorials
1523:Geography
1513:Aftermath
1442:(2004) .
1399:669059002
1340:(2009) .
1306:Hurd 1921
1270:Hurd 1921
1255:Hurd 1921
1225:Hurd 1921
1201:Hurd 1921
1116:Citations
1067:damaged;
1063:sunk and
1013:SMS
1006:SMS
999:SMS
969:Aftermath
910:HMS
839:3:00 p.m.
837:At about
818:SMS
802:seaplanes
745:3:00 a.m.
699:HMS
692:HMS
644:Zeebrugge
512:from the
450:Zeebrugge
282:North Sea
106:North Sea
73:North Sea
3593:Category
3180:Refugees
3146:Italians
3135:Germans
3095:Ober Ost
2875:Aviation
1969:Timeline
1940:Bulgaria
1721:Tsingtao
1698:Togoland
1645:Caucasus
1580:European
1572:Theatres
1081:Columbia
1069:Columbia
1065:Barbados
1061:Columbia
1049:Barbados
1037:Barbados
1028:Leonidas
974:Analysis
960:Columbia
955:Columbia
947:Columbia
943:Barbados
939:Leonidas
935:Barbados
924:Leonidas
888:Barbados
883:Barbados
867:Barbados
863:Columbia
859:Columbia
855:Barbados
851:Columbia
780:Columbia
772:Columbia
768:Barbados
764:Columbia
532:Flanders
521:seaplane
504:of four
502:flotilla
365:Cuxhaven
206:Strength
59:Location
3331:Germany
3231:Germany
3159:Germany
3079:Belgium
3064:Albania
3023:Disease
3003:Sports
2955:Ireland
2868:Warfare
2861:Aspects
2049:Origins
2042:Prelude
1945:Senussi
1925:Germany
1920:Leaders
1858:Romania
1799:Belgium
1794:Leaders
1693:Kamerun
1675:African
1610:Romania
1588:Balkans
1503:Outline
1045:Chirsit
918:Lawford
912:Laforey
904:Laforey
895:Recruit
879:Chirsit
871:Chirsit
776:Recruit
760:Chirsit
741:Harwich
729:Recruit
704:of the
694:Recruit
672:U-boats
665:Recruit
658:Prelude
628:Antwerp
624:Hamburg
607:of the
470:Tondern
430:Lerwick
400:Jutland
244:13 dead
239:16 dead
198:†
85:02°41âČE
82:51°39âČN
3351:Russia
3326:France
3154:Canada
3069:Serbia
2940:Canada
2897:Horses
2849:(1921)
2843:(1920)
2837:(1920)
2831:(1920)
2823:(1920)
2776:(1919)
2770:(1919)
2716:(1918)
2681:(1918)
2675:(1917)
2663:(1916)
2657:(1916)
2622:(1915)
2034:(1913)
2016:(1911)
1998:(1905)
1955:Darfur
1880:Serbia
1863:Russia
1826:Greece
1814:France
1804:Brazil
1650:Persia
1593:Serbia
1450:
1421:
1397:
1376:
1350:
1102:Varild
833:Action
814:Ostend
737:Brazen
701:Brazen
194:
157:
143:
119:Result
3548:Other
3341:Japan
3336:Italy
3163:camps
3007:Rugby
2557:]
1836:Japan
1831:Italy
1809:China
1703:North
1106:Miura
1088:Notes
1041:Miura
963:'
951:Miura
875:Miura
756:Miura
714:shoal
632:knots
350:Texel
3128:POWs
2447:1918
2349:1917
2275:1916
2176:1915
2080:1914
1885:Siam
1688:East
1448:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1406:2016
1395:OCLC
1374:ISBN
1361:2016
1348:ISBN
1075:and
1043:and
1026:HMS
1011:and
930:Lark
927:and
873:and
845:and
823:and
733:UB-6
697:and
683:UB-6
677:UB-4
611:and
488:The
178:Sir
63:off
51:Date
1015:V68
1008:V67
1001:V47
994:V25
988:A15
722:nmi
555:V25
3610::
2555:It
1262:^
1247:^
1232:^
1181:^
1138:^
1123:^
1077:A6
1073:A2
1004:,
921:,
915:,
908:,
847:A6
843:A2
826:A6
820:A2
690:,
619:.
613:UC
609:UB
222:2
216:4
211:4
71:,
67:,
2979:/
1484:e
1477:t
1470:v
1456:.
1427:.
1382:.
1108:.
585:(
542:(
316:e
309:t
302:v
108:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
