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of the North Sea but could economise on fuel and use the time for training and maintenance. The
Admiralty also uncovered the German order of battle and tracked the deployment of ships, which gave them an offensive advantage. The lack of a proper war staff at the Admiralty and poor liaison between Room 40, Oliver and the operations staff meant that the advantage was poorly exploited in 1915; it was not until 1917 that this was remedied. When German ships sailed, information from Room 40 needed to be passed on quickly but Oliver found it hard to delegate and would not routinely supply all decrypts; commanders at sea were supplied only with what the Admiralty thought they needed. Information could reach the Grand Fleet late, incomplete or mistakenly interpreted. When Jellicoe asked for a decryption section to take to sea, he was refused on security grounds.
618:, established a code breaking organisation to decipher German signals, using cryptographers from academic backgrounds and making use of the windfalls taken from the German ships. At first, the inexperience of the cryptanalysts in naval matters led to errors in the understanding of the material. This lack of naval experience caused Oliver to make personal decisions about the information to be passed to other departments, many of which, particularly the Operations Department, had reservations about the value of Room 40. The transfer of an experienced naval officer, Commander W. W. Hope, remedied most of the deficiencies of the civilians' understanding. On 14 October, Oliver became Chief of the Naval War Staff, but continued to treat Room 40 more as a fiefdom and a source for the informal group of officers around the
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Fleet, that had been reiterated on 10 January. A slightly more aggressive strategy was permitted, within the policy of keeping the HSF in being, in which the fleet could sortie to attempt to isolate and destroy advanced
British forces or to attack the Grand Fleet if in greater strength. On 19 January, Beatty had reconnoitred the area west of the German Bight and been seen by a German aircraft. The reconnaissance and British activity at the Dogger Bank led Ingenohl to order Hipper and the I Scouting Group to survey the area and surprise and destroy any light forces found there. The I Scouting Group contained the battlecruisers
180:
147:
1460:, an operation which took two hours, in which the battlecruisers were exceedingly vulnerable to submarine attacks. At 17:00, the voyage resumed, the ships eventually managing 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) and when the Grand Fleet arrived, Jellicoe increased the screen to thirteen light cruisers and 67 destroyers. A message from the Admiralty arrived that the Germans were planning a night destroyer attack but that the destroyers with the two scouting groups were low on fuel and those with the HSF were too far away.
168:
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739:), that had given the British notice of the raid. Some intercepts decoded during the action had taken two hours to reach British commanders at sea, by when they were out of date or misleading. News of the sailing of the HSF was delivered so late that the British commanders thought that the Germans were on the way, when they were returning. At sea, Beatty had sent ambiguous signals and some commanders had not used their initiative. On
1238:
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922:) sailed from Rosyth for an area in the North Sea, from which they could cut off the German force if it moved north. The Grand Fleet left Scapa at 21:00 on 23 January, to sweep the southern North Sea but could not be expected to arrive on the scene until the afternoon of 24 January. Soon after the German force sailed, the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron (Commodore
693:
ships escaped in stormy seas and low visibility, assisted by
British communication failures. The Germans had made the first successful attack on Britain since the 17th century and suffered no losses but Ingenohl was unjustly blamed for missing an opportunity to inflict a defeat on the Royal Navy, despite creating the chance by his offensive-mindedness.
855:
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remained Beatty's flag lieutenant, although he was responsible for hoisting Beatty's two commands on one flag hoist, allowing them to be read as one. The use of wireless allowed centralised control of ships from the
Admiralty, which cramped the initiative of the men on the spot. Signals between ships
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on 23 January 1915, intercepted and decoded by Room 40, alerted the
British to a German sortie in force as far as the Dogger Bank. At the Admiralty, Wilson, Oliver and Churchill arranged a plan to confront the Germans with a superior opponent. A rendezvous was set for 24 January at 07:00, 30 nmi
764:
Hipper suspected that the
British had received advanced warning about earlier operations of the HSF from spy ships mingling with British and Dutch fishing boats, operating near the German Bight and the Dogger Bank, to observe German fleet movements. Hipper considered that with the Dogger Bank mid-way
629:
German ships had to report their position every night by wireless and
British listening posts along the east coast took cross-bearings to find the positions of the ships when they transmitted. This signals intelligence meant that the British did not need wasteful defensive standing patrols and sweeps
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British public and political opinion was outraged that German warships could sail so close to the
British coast, shelling coastal towns with impunity; British naval forces had failed to prevent the attacks and also failed to intercept the raiding squadron. The British fleet had sailed but the German
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opened fire at 08:52, at a range of 20,000 yd (11 mi; 18 km) and the other
British ships commenced firing as they came within range, while the Germans were unable to reply until 09:11, because of the shorter range of their guns. No warships had engaged at such long ranges or at such
829:
Hipper intended to clear the bank of
British fishing vessels and dubious neutrals and to attack any small British warships in the area, with the HSF covering the withdrawal of the battlecruisers. The limited nature of the operation conformed to the ban by the Kaiser on operations by the High Seas
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had been badly damaged—later reached the same conclusion. Jutland later showed that the British battlecruisers were still vulnerable to ammunition fires and magazine explosions, if hit by plunging fire. Had Moore's three fast battlecruisers pursued Hipper's remaining three (leaving the slower
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L-5 (LZ-28) and a German seaplane which attacked with small bombs. No damage was done but the British ships put on speed and withdrew to avoid further aerial attack, leaving some of the survivors behind. By this time, the rest of the German ships were too far away for the British to catch up.
1380:"Engage the enemy more closely" but this order was not in the signal book and Beatty chose "Keep nearer to the enemy" as the closest equivalent. By the time this signal was hoisted, Moore's ships were too far away to read Beatty's flags and the correction was not received.
556:
Before 1914, international communication was conducted via undersea cables laid along shipping lanes, most of which were under British control. Hours after the British ultimatum to Germany in August 1914, they cut the German cables. German messages could be passed only by
1135:. Beatty chose to approach from this direction so that the prevailing wind blew the British ships' smoke clear, allowing them a good view of the German ships, while German gunners were partially blinded by their funnel and gun smoke blowing towards the British ships.
751:, gave orders that when in contact with German ships, officers were to treat orders from those ignorant of local conditions as instructions only but he refused Admiralty suggestions to loosen ship formations, for fear of decentralising tactical command too far.
701:
The British had let the raid occur and appeared to the public to have been surprised (having been forewarned by decoded wireless messages) and then to have failed to sink the German raiding force on its way back to Germany. In 1921, the official historian
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to be searched. Buoyed by the success of the raid on the English coast, Admiral Hipper planned an attack on the British fishing fleet on the Dogger Bank. The German fleet had increased in size since the outbreak of war, with the arrival in service of the
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was out of action for four months, Fisher having decreed that the damage be repaired at Armstrong's on the Tyne, without her going into dry dock, making for an extremely difficult and time-consuming job. The surviving German ships reached port;
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Two of the most efficient and powerful British squadrons...knowing approximately what to expect...had failed to bring to action an enemy who was acting in close conformity with our appreciation and with whose advanced screen contact had been
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on the short route to the English coast, a signal from a trawler could reach the British in time for the British battlecruisers to intercept a German sortie, certainly on the return journey. Hipper ordered German ships vigorously to enforce
504:(High Seas Fleet). The British had intercepted and decoded German wireless transmissions, gaining advance knowledge that a German raiding squadron was heading for the Dogger Bank and ships of the Grand Fleet sailed to intercept the raiders.
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communications. (In 1920, Scheer wrote that the number of British ships present suggested that they had known about the operation in advance, but that this was put down to circumstances, although "other reasons" could not be excluded.)
1342:). At 11:02, realising that so sharp a turn would open the range too much, Beatty ordered "Course NE" to limit the turn to 45° and then added "Engage the enemy's rear", to clarify his intent that the other ships, which had now left
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had more engine-trouble and at dawn were still 100 nmi (120 mi; 190 km) short of the Firth of Forth. The destroyers reformed into an anti-submarine screen and the ships reached the firth at midnight; the destroyer
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The British surprised the smaller and slower German squadron, which fled for home. During a stern chase lasting several hours, the British caught up with the Germans and engaged them with long-range gunfire. The British disabled
584:(HVB) codebook, used by the German navy to communicate with merchant ships and within the High Seas Fleet, was captured. A copy of the book was sent to England by the fastest steamer, arriving at the end of October. During the
40:
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and most of her crew. After the British victory, both navies replaced officers who were thought to have shown poor judgement and made changes to equipment and procedures because of failings observed during the battle.
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caused more problems. As she crept home, the ship suffered further engine-trouble from saltwater contamination in the boiler-feed-water system and her speed dropped to 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h).
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Sighting the smoke from a large approaching force, Hipper headed south-east by 07:35 to escape but the battlecruisers were faster than the German squadron, which was held back by the slower armoured cruiser
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s starboard bow—ordered a 90° turn to port, to avoid a submarine ambush (The "periscope" may have been a surfacing, run-out torpedo which had been launched 15 minutes earlier by the German destroyer
302:
1618:
was again poor in the first hours of Jutland, with serious consequences for the British. The battlecruisers failed to improve fire distribution and similar targeting errors were made at Jutland.
867:(35 mi; 56 km) north of the Dogger Bank and about 180 nmi (210 mi; 330 km) west of Heligoland. The battlecruisers comprised the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron (Beatty) with
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saved the ship, when he flooded the magazine by opening the red hot valves, burning his hands and lungs, injuries from which he never recovered, leading to his early death in 1931. The
3042:
1277:, when a German shell hit the forward turret and ignited a small ammunition fire but it was extinguished before causing a magazine explosion. A few minutes later, taking on water and
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demonstrated the ability of the German ships to absorb great punishment; all of Hipper's remaining ships were larger, faster, newer, more heavily armed, and far better armoured than
1331:
behind, to save his remaining ships. The annihilation of the German squadron appeared likely to the British until 10:54, when Beatty—believing he saw a submarine periscope on
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but the older battlecruisers of the British 2nd Battlecruiser Squadron were lagging behind the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron. Chasing the Germans from a position astern and to
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threw overboard his secret papers in a lead lined chest as the ship sank but on 30 November, a British trawler dragged up the chest. Room 40 gained a copy of the
731:), when it failed to make contact with the raiding force. The worst British failure was in the exploitation of the intelligence provided by the code breakers at
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and caused an ammunition fire in the working chamber. This fire spread rapidly through other compartments, igniting ready propellant charges all the way to the
288:
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The battle, although inconclusive, boosted British morale. Rear-Admiral Moore was quietly replaced and sent to the Canary Islands and Captain Henry Pelly of
1553:. The Germans thought that the appearance of the British squadron at dawn was too remarkable to be a coincidence and concluded that a spy near their base in
79:
1565:
Beatty had lost control of the battle and he judged that the opportunity of an overwhelming victory had been lost. The Admiralty—erroneously believing that
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revealed flaws in the protection of her magazines and dangerous ammunition-handling procedures. Some of these failings were remedied in the HSF before the
137:
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had to stop her port engine and reduce speed to 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) and was soon out of action, having been hit 14 times. At 10:30,
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1372:, with most of the British light cruisers and destroyers joining in. Beatty tried to correct this obvious misunderstanding by using the order from
322:
2744:. History of the Great War based on Official Documents. Vol. II (2nd, Naval & Military Press repr. ed.). London: Longmans, Green.
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made it back to port but was out of action for several months. The British had lost no ships and suffered few casualties; the Germans had lost
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had been sunk, because of a large fire that had been seen on her decks, but it was soon clear that the battle was a serious German reverse.
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made 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) at the beginning of the 300 nmi (350 mi; 560 km) return voyage, escorted by
1610:
427:
884:
728:
649:
422:
327:
748:
2962:
814:
265:
2992:]. Der Krieg zur See, 1914–1918, herausgegeben vom Marine-Archiv (in German). Vol. III. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn.
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s electric generators out of action, Beatty could only signal using flag hoists and both signals were flown at the same time.
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had to reduce speed to 17 kn (20 mph; 31 km/h) and lagged behind the rest of the German force. Beatty ordered
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continued to be by flag but there was no revision of the signal book or the assumptions of its authors. Signalling aboard
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1131:, the British ships gradually caught up—some reaching a speed of 27 kn (31 mph; 50 km/h)—and closed to
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To cover the East Coast and act as distant support, the 3rd Cruiser Squadron and the seven pre-dreadnoughts of the
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issued an order that all risks to surface vessels were to be avoided. Ingenohl was sacked and replaced by Admiral
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1729:, two men had been killed and eleven wounded, most by a shell hit in the A turret lobby. Ten men were killed on
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sinking. Proceeds from the premiere showing of the film went to orphans of artists and writers lost to the war.
392:
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402:
1360:—and the signal to engage the rear was misunderstood by Beatty's second-in-command, Rear-Admiral Moore on
987:
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and sending the rest to the German Bight, to make a night attack on the German ships, but the damage to
1408:
out of action and scored two hits on the British battlecruisers with her 21 cm (8.3 in) guns.
1132:
1006:
994:
1171:, while his leading three engaged their opposite numbers. Captain Henry Pelly of the new battlecruiser
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high speeds before, and accurate gunnery for both sides was an unprecedented challenge but after a few
926:) and the battlecruisers departed Rosyth, heading south; at 07:05 on 24 January, a clear day with good
1219:
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out of action. Due to inadequate signalling, the remaining British ships stopped the pursuit to sink
412:
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at the rear. With five British ships against four German, Beatty intended that his two rear ships,
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With his ships running short of ammunition, Hipper chose to steam for home, leaving the disabled
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626:, which received decoded messages but had insufficient authority to use them to best advantage.
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and the coal-fuelled torpedo boats. By 08:00, the German battlecruisers had been sighted from
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Royal Scots Territorials firing a salute over the grave of Captain Erdmann, Commander of SMS
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behind as Beatty intended), the British might have been at a disadvantage and been defeated.
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with several 30.5 cm (12.0 in) shells, damaging her engines and causing flooding;
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1590:, the Germans out-hit the British by over three to one, with 22 heavy-calibre hits—16 on
1321:
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after she ran aground in the Baltic Sea on 26 August 1914. The German-Australian steamer
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1368:. The British battlecruisers broke off the pursuit of the German squadron and attacked
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British ships began to rescue survivors, but they were hindered by the arrival of the
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The German squadron returned to harbour with some ships in need of extensive repairs.
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525:; by the time the ship had been sunk, the rest of the German squadron had escaped.
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The King's Ships Were at Sea: The War in the North Sea August 1914 – February 1916
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killed or wounded. In 2003, Massie wrote that German casualties were an estimated
785:
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assumed that two ships should concentrate on the leading German ship and engaged
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The combination of the signal "Course NE"—which happened to be the direction of
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with the loss of 165 men. Only the prompt action of the executive officer,
1083:
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From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919
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capsized at 54 25' N. Lat., 5 25' E. Long and sank at 13:13, with the loss of
1223:
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927:
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3012:
2997:
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94:
81:
2865:
Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty, the Last Naval Hero: An Intimate Biography
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681:
489:
73:
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2843:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
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sailors had been killed or captured, for British casualties of fewer than
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1215:
770:
589:
558:
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lost three men killed and two wounded. In 1965, Marder wrote that over
1502:
904:
854:
732:
551:
2772:]. Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte (in German). Berlin: Oldenburg.
684:. Hipper opened fire at 08:00 on 16 December 1914, eventually killing
280:
514:, the rearmost German ship and the Germans put the British flagship
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was responsible, not that the British were reading their encrypted
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The British had escaped a potential disaster, because the British
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and wrecked. When struck by two torpedoes from the light cruiser
2918:. Vol. I (pbk. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1637:
In 1929, Julian Corbett, the official naval historian, recorded
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slowed to 7 kn (8.1 mph; 13 km/h) overnight when
1443:. Beatty contemplated leaving a flotilla of destroyers to guard
930:, they encountered German screening vessels at the Dogger Bank.
1194:
s fire was ineffective, as she mistook the shell splashes from
284:
1257:
The British ships were relatively unscathed until 10:18, when
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from a magazine explosion that would have destroyed the ship.
911:
to rendezvous with the battlecruisers at 07:00 on 24 January.
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2614:
2612:
2766:
Skagerrakschlacht: Vorgeschichte – Ereignis – Verarbeitung
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1293:, which caused an ammunition fire and boiler room damage.
578:
was seized near Melbourne, Australia on 11 August and the
3038:
Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
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The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command
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648:(HSF) confined to port after the British success at the
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had suffered serious damage. Apart from the sinking of
1364:, as an order for all the battlecruisers to finish off
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The British fire was concentrated on the battlecruiser
1346:
far behind, should pursue the main German force. With
2764:
Hillman, J.; Nägler, F. (2011). Epkenhans, M. (ed.).
601:(VB) codebook, normally used by Flag officers of the
1202:
was 3,000 yd (1.7 mi; 2.7 km) beyond
588:(17 October), the commander of the German destroyer
1210:was hit by a 13.5 in (340 mm) shell from
270:
The Battle of Dogger Bank location in the North Sea
2788:
610:The Director of the Intelligence Division of the
567:(SKM) was captured from the German light cruiser
1701:wounded in the fire in the two after turrets of
862:Wireless transmissions from German ships in the
1273:narrowly escaped a disaster similar to that on
1269:lost speed and began to fall behind. At 10:41,
846:, four light cruisers and eighteen destroyers.
708:
561:, using cyphers to disguise their content. The
25:
3043:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany
2819:The War Years to the Eve of Jutland: 1914–1916
2699:Room 40: British Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918
656:, the Commander-in-Chief of the HSF planned a
2984:Groos, O.; Lorey, H.; Mantey, E. von (1920).
2697:Beesly, Patrick (1982). Epkenhans, M. (ed.).
2396:
1737:, four men were killed and two were wounded.
672:squadron of three battlecruisers and a large
296:
8:
2077:
602:
596:
579:
562:
497:
484:that took place on 24 January 1915 near the
3018:Der Krieg in der Nordsee I (English trans.)
2770:Battle of Jutland: Prelude, Event, Analysis
2888:Germany's High Seas Fleet in the World War
1096:Two flotillas of 18 torpedo boats combined
658:raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby
640:Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby
303:
289:
281:
22:
1505:and was not ready for sea until 1 April.
2795:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
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769:rules, fishing boats being brought into
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660:on the east coast of England, with the
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1657:the men being rescued by the British.
3013:World War I Naval Combat – Despatches
1522:1916 advertisement for a film of the
1013:Harwich Force: three light cruisers (
940:Order of battle at Dogger Bank (1915)
7:
2947:Naval Battles of the First World War
2718:Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting
1605:was blamed for not taking over when
1214:, which penetrated her after turret
3078:Military history of North Yorkshire
3033:North Sea operations of World War I
492:, between squadrons of the British
1530:At first the Germans thought that
1230:, in flooding the magazines saved
564:Signalbuch der Kaiserlichen Marine
480:was a naval engagement during the
14:
3063:Military history of the North Sea
3058:Military history of County Durham
1497:was repaired by 17 February but
250:
243:
178:
166:
145:
130:
48:, Arthur James Wetherall Burgess
39:
1397:Despite the overwhelming odds,
1301:—his slowest ship—to intercept
907:with three light cruisers and
251:
1:
3088:20th century in County Durham
1733:with nine men wounded and on
1598:—against seven British hits.
348:Scarborough/Hartlepool/Whitby
2916:The First World War: To Arms
2690:General and cited references
1241:German battlecruisers (L–R)
1155:at the head of the line and
986:1st Light Cruiser Squadron:
971:2nd Battlecruiser Squadron:
950:1st Battlecruiser Squadron:
3053:Battles involving Yorkshire
2716:Campbell, N. J. M. (1998).
2701:. London: Hamish Hamilton.
2072:Supposedly, a sailor named
1144:, British shells straddled
620:First Lord of the Admiralty
3109:
3068:1915 in the United Kingdom
3048:History of North Yorkshire
1717:. British casualties were
1401:put the British destroyer
1222:and knocked out both rear
937:
881:2nd Battlecruiser Squadron
717:1st Battlecruiser Squadron
650:Battle of Heligoland Bight
637:
549:
433:Action of 15 February 1918
2720:. New York: Lyons Press.
2397:Hillman & Nägler 2011
723:) was unsupported by the
318:
238:
228:1,034 killed and wounded
223:1 battlecruiser disabled
215:
190:
159:
122:
52:
38:
30:
2990:The War in the North Sea
2986:Der Krieg in der Nordsee
2845:. New York: Ballantine.
2787:Goldrick, James (1984).
2555:, pp. 404, 410–413.
1393:rolls over onto her side
1289:was hit by a shell from
1253:en route to Dogger Bank.
232:1 armoured cruiser sunk
2969:. London: John Murray.
2823:Oxford University Press
1114:Positions in the battle
858:Area of the Dogger Bank
234:1 battlecruiser damaged
2078:
1705:. The British rescued
1634:
1551:(31 May – 1 June 1916)
1527:
1394:
1324:
1254:
1198:for her own, when the
1115:
887:deputy to Beatty) had
859:
713:
697:British counter-action
654:Friedrich von Ingenohl
603:
597:
580:
563:
498:
221:47 killed and wounded
160:Commanders and leaders
1629:
1521:
1386:
1311:
1240:
1113:
857:
842:and armoured cruiser
743:the commander of the
478:Battle of Dogger Bank
216:Casualties and losses
46:Battle of Dogger Bank
26:Battle of Dogger Bank
2949:. London: Batsford.
2082:named the destroyer
1456:was taken in tow by
1069:2nd Scouting Group:
1042:1st Scouting Group:
1037:Imperial German Navy
920:Edward Eden Bradford
423:2nd Heligoland Bight
328:1st Heligoland Bight
266:class=notpageimage|
225:1 destroyer disabled
95:54.55778°N 5.46389°E
3083:January 1915 events
2891:. London: Cassell.
2867:. London: Collins.
2861:Roskill, Stephen W.
2647:, pp. 413–415.
2635:, pp. 434–435.
2623:, pp. 118–119.
2594:, pp. 423–424.
2519:, pp. 410–411.
2459:, pp. 398–401.
2423:, pp. 396–397.
2375:, pp. 373–374.
2363:, pp. 393–394.
2339:, pp. 388–389.
2259:, pp. 430–431.
2232:, pp. 319–328.
2208:, pp. 422–423.
1792:16 Ă— 11- and 12-in
1747:
1484:was towed into the
1378:Battle of Trafalgar
1032:) and 35 destroyers
916:3rd Battle Squadron
811:3rd Battle Squadron
725:2nd Battle Squadron
581:Handelsverkehrsbuch
428:11–12 December 1917
312:North Sea 1914–1918
205:1 armoured cruiser
91: /
16:Part of World War I
3093:1910s in Yorkshire
1828:6 Ă— 11- and 12-in
1745:
1635:
1528:
1395:
1325:
1316:engaging HMS
1255:
1116:
924:William Goodenough
860:
767:search and seizure
727:(Vice-Admiral Sir
719:(Vice-Admiral Sir
604:Kaiserliche Marine
500:Kaiserliche Marine
3073:Conflicts in 1915
2976:978-0-7195-5542-8
2943:Bennett, Geoffrey
2925:978-0-19-926191-8
2874:978-0-00-216278-4
2852:978-0-345-40878-5
2839:Massie, Robert K.
2811:Marder, Arthur J.
2802:978-0-87021-334-2
2779:978-3-48670-270-5
2727:978-1-55821-759-1
2708:978-0-241-10864-2
2060:Explanatory notes
2057:
2056:
1548:Battle of Jutland
1536:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1412:was hit by about
901:Reginald Tyrwhitt
652:in 1914, Admiral
624:Winston Churchill
471:
470:
333:22 September 1914
279:
278:
209:18 torpedo boats
207:4 light cruisers
203:3 battlecruisers
198:7 light cruisers
196:5 battlecruisers
118:
117:
100:54.55778; 5.46389
3100:
3001:
2980:
2958:
2929:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2883:Scheer, Reinhard
2878:
2856:
2834:
2817:. Vol. II:
2806:
2794:
2783:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:Naval Operations
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2074:Wilhelm Heidkamp
2070:
1748:
1746:Gunnery records
1724:
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1700:
1697:were killed and
1696:
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1542:. The damage to
1427:
1415:
1352:
1337:
1312:Painting of SMS
1228:Wilhelm Heidkamp
1193:
1183:free to fire at
1167:, should engage
934:Orders of battle
910:
891:as flagship and
794:Grosser KurfĂĽrst
742:
729:George Warrender
691:
687:
674:armoured cruiser
666:Franz von Hipper
662:I Scouting Group
644:With the German
606:
600:
586:Battle off Texel
583:
566:
503:
408:2nd Dover Strait
398:1st Dover Strait
378:29 February 1916
363:Noordhinder Bank
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2935:Further reading
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2192:
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2184:, pp. 6–7.
2180:
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2172:, pp. 3–4.
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2160:, pp. 4–5.
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1741:Gunnery records
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676:, supported by
646:High Seas Fleet
642:
636:
614:, Rear-Admiral
554:
548:
543:
482:First World War
474:
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463:24 October 1918
373:2nd Dogger Bank
358:1st Dogger Bank
323:U-Boat Campaign
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60:24 January 1915
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33:First World War
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3008:
3007:External links
3005:
3003:
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2981:
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2963:Gordon, Andrew
2959:
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2736:Corbett, J. S.
2732:
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2707:
2693:
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2688:
2686:
2685:
2683:, p. 119.
2673:
2671:, p. 413.
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2088:in his honour.
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2051:234 prisoners
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2025:12 Ă— 8.2-inch
2023:
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2010:Princess Royal
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1845:271 Ă— 13.5-in
1843:
1841:Princess Royal
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1809:355 Ă— 13.5-in
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1773:243 Ă— 13.5-in
1771:
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1760:Hits received
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1709:prisoners and
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1486:Humber Estuary
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1374:Horatio Nelson
1291:Princess Royal
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966:Princess Royal
946:
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938:Main article:
935:
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909:35 destroyers,
903:) sailed from
883:(Rear-Admiral
877:Princess Royal
851:
848:
820:battlecruiser
761:
758:
756:
753:
747:, Admiral Sir
704:Julian Corbett
698:
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690:525 civilians.
678:light cruisers
638:Main article:
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2633:Strachan 2003
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2609:
2606:, p. 86.
2605:
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2580:Campbell 1998
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1611:Ralph Seymour
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790:
789:
783:
780:
778:
772:
768:
759:
754:
752:
750:
749:John Jellicoe
746:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
712:
707:
705:
696:
694:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:battlecruiser
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
633:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
599:
594:
593:
587:
582:
577:
573:
572:
565:
560:
553:
545:
540:
538:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:
513:
512:
505:
502:
501:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
403:16 March 1917
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
317:
306:
301:
299:
294:
292:
287:
286:
283:
267:
246:
237:
230:189 captured
227:
220:
219:
214:
202:
200:35 destroyers
195:
194:
189:
186:
176:
174:
164:
163:
158:
154:
142:
139:
127:
126:
121:
113:
110:
109:
104:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2989:
2985:
2966:
2946:
2915:
2912:Strachan, H.
2900:. Retrieved
2887:
2864:
2842:
2818:
2814:
2790:
2769:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2740:
2717:
2698:
2681:Roskill 1980
2676:
2664:
2652:
2640:
2628:
2621:Roskill 1980
2599:
2587:
2575:
2568:Corbett 2009
2548:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2505:Corbett 2009
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2433:Corbett 2009
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2327:, p. 7.
2288:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2225:
2220:, p. 5.
2213:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2148:, p. 8.
2131:, p. 6.
2084:
2079:Kriegsmarine
2068:
2046:7 torpedoes
2038:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:3 Ă— 13.5-in
1992:
1987:
1983:
1980:310 Ă— 12-in
1975:
1961:
1957:
1954:276 Ă— 11-in
1949:
1936:
1932:
1929:3 Ă— 13.5-in
1923:
1919:
1916:390 Ă— 11-in
1911:
1897:
1894:134 Ă— 12-in
1889:
1875:
1872:147 Ă— 12-in
1867:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1757:Target hits
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:wounded. On
1714:
1702:
1690:
1675:1,000 German
1670:
1658:
1650:
1636:
1631:
1615:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1543:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1389:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:Willy Stöwer
1317:
1313:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1231:
1211:
1207:
1206:. At 09:43,
1203:
1200:fall of shot
1195:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
980:
974:
965:
959:
953:
913:
892:
888:
885:Gordon Moore
876:
872:
871:(flagship),
868:
861:
850:British plan
843:
839:
835:
834:(flagship),
831:
828:
822:
815:
805:
799:
793:
787:
784:battleships
776:
763:
741:30 December,
737:Alfred Ewing
721:David Beatty
714:
711:established.
709:
700:
643:
628:
616:Henry Oliver
609:
598:Verkehrsbuch
591:
575:
570:
555:
533:
529:
527:
522:
517:
510:
506:
477:
475:
453:Mine Barrage
383:2nd Yarmouth
368:Lowca/Parton
357:
343:1st Yarmouth
185:Franz Hipper
173:David Beatty
123:Belligerents
45:
31:Part of the
18:
2669:Massie 2003
2657:Marder 1965
2645:Massie 2003
2604:Scheer 1920
2592:Massie 2003
2553:Massie 2003
2529:Massie 2003
2517:Massie 2003
2493:Massie 2003
2481:Scheer 1920
2469:Massie 2003
2457:Massie 2003
2445:Massie 2003
2421:Massie 2003
2409:Massie 2003
2385:Massie 2003
2361:Massie 2003
2349:Massie 2003
2337:Massie 2003
2310:Marder 1965
2293:Marder 1965
2281:Massie 2003
2269:Massie 2003
2230:Massie 2003
2182:Beesly 1982
2170:Beesly 1982
2158:Beesly 1982
2053:45 wounded
2049:792 killed
2039:Indomitable
1976:Derfflinger
1944:33 wounded
1942:159 killed
1903:1 Ă— 8.3-in
1890:Indomitable
1868:New Zealand
1854:Derfflinger
1835:11 wounded
1830:1 Ă— 8.2-in
1818:Derfflinger
1799:20 wounded
1794:1 Ă— 8.2-in
1782:Derfflinger
1763:Casualties
1687:78 wounded,
1685:killed and
1665:killed and
1645:out of the
1641:killed and
1594:and six on
1572:Indomitable
1567:Derfflinger
1495:Derfflinger
1473:Indomitable
1458:Indomitable
1441:Indomitable
1362:New Zealand
1299:Indomitable
1259:Derfflinger
1243:Derfflinger
1165:Indomitable
1161:New Zealand
1058:Derfflinger
990:Southampton
981:Indomitable
975:New Zealand
899:(Commodore
893:Indomitable
889:New Zealand
840:Derfflinger
823:Derfflinger
816:Derfflinger
782:dreadnought
760:German plan
634:German raid
494:Grand Fleet
486:Dogger Bank
98: /
70:Dogger Bank
3027:Categories
2902:29 January
2821:. London:
2755:25 January
1833:10 killed
1711:45 wounded
1667:33 wounded
1647:1,026 crew
1643:45 wounded
1622:Casualties
1464:25 January
1179:, leaving
1106:24 January
1008:Nottingham
996:Birmingham
945:Royal Navy
928:visibility
879:. The new
864:Jade River
745:Home Fleet
682:destroyers
541:Background
448:2nd Ostend
443:1st Ostend
413:4 May 1917
211:1 Zeppelin
86:05°27′50″E
83:54°33′28″N
2998:715186632
2955:464091851
2914:(2003) .
2831:865180297
2750:220474040
2738:(2009) .
2096:Citations
2044:about 70
1797:1 killed
1719:15 killed
1509:Aftermath
1501:needed a
1426:792 crew.
1414:70 shells
1403:HMS
1388:SMS
1281:to port,
1220:magazines
1133:gun range
1129:starboard
1079:Stralsund
1071:SMS
1044:SMS
1029:Undaunted
1015:HMS
1002:Lowestoft
988:HMS
973:HMS
952:HMS
918:(Admiral
806:Kronprinz
786:SMS
688:wounding
664:(Admiral
612:Admiralty
590:SMS
571:Magdeburg
569:SMS
516:HMS
490:North Sea
438:Zeebrugge
74:North Sea
2965:(2000).
2945:(1968).
2885:(1920).
2863:(1980).
2841:(2003).
2813:(1965).
2000:(1 each
1912:Seydlitz
1823:Seydlitz
1787:Seydlitz
1703:Seydlitz
1689:most in
1659:Seydlitz
1584:Seydlitz
1559:wireless
1555:Jade Bay
1544:Seydlitz
1514:Analysis
1499:Seydlitz
1430:Zeppelin
1418:Arethusa
1275:Seydlitz
1251:Seydlitz
1232:Seydlitz
1216:barbette
1208:Seydlitz
1204:Seydlitz
1177:Seydlitz
1153:Seydlitz
1091:Graudenz
1046:Seydlitz
1023:Arethusa
832:Seydlitz
813:and the
800:Markgraf
771:Cuxhaven
559:wireless
496:and the
353:Cuxhaven
191:Strength
65:Location
2897:2765294
2021:BlĂĽcher
1995:5 or 6
1898:BlĂĽcher
1876:BlĂĽcher
1849:BlĂĽcher
1813:BlĂĽcher
1777:BlĂĽcher
1715:BlĂĽcher
1699:33 were
1695:153 men
1691:BlĂĽcher
1683:951 men
1671:Kolberg
1663:159 men
1651:BlĂĽcher
1639:792 men
1632:BlĂĽcher
1588:BlĂĽcher
1582:; only
1580:BlĂĽcher
1576:BlĂĽcher
1524:BlĂĽcher
1503:drydock
1422:BlĂĽcher
1410:BlĂĽcher
1399:BlĂĽcher
1390:BlĂĽcher
1376:at the
1370:BlĂĽcher
1366:BlĂĽcher
1358:BlĂĽcher
1329:BlĂĽcher
1303:BlĂĽcher
1295:BlĂĽcher
1287:BlĂĽcher
1279:listing
1224:turrets
1169:BlĂĽcher
1157:BlĂĽcher
1146:BlĂĽcher
1121:BlĂĽcher
1085:Rostock
1073:Kolberg
1064:BlĂĽcher
905:Harwich
844:Blucher
809:of the
733:Room 40
706:wrote,
686:108 and
552:Room 40
546:Room 40
534:BlĂĽcher
523:BlĂĽcher
511:BlĂĽcher
488:in the
458:Tondern
418:Lerwick
388:Jutland
153:Germany
2996:
2973:
2953:
2922:
2895:
2871:
2849:
2829:
2799:
2776:
2748:
2724:
2705:
1990:, and
1950:Moltke
1735:Meteor
1723:80 men
1679:50 men
1655:189 of
1482:Meteor
1405:Meteor
1247:Moltke
1181:Moltke
1142:salvos
1101:Battle
1088:, and
1052:Moltke
1017:Aurora
836:Moltke
818:-class
779:-class
576:Hobart
258:Battle
150:
135:
111:Result
2988:[
2768:[
2034:Tiger
2006:Tiger
1988:Tiger
1962:Tiger
1933:Tiger
1924:Tiger
1805:Tiger
1751:Ship
1731:Tiger
1713:from
1661:lost
1603:Tiger
1596:Tiger
1532:Tiger
1320:, by
1192:'
1189:Tiger
1173:Tiger
960:Tiger
873:Tiger
788:König
777:König
735:(Sir
668:), a
338:Texel
2994:OCLC
2971:ISBN
2951:OCLC
2920:ISBN
2904:2016
2893:OCLC
2869:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2827:OCLC
2797:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2757:2016
2746:OCLC
2722:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2029:Lion
2008:and
2002:Lion
1984:Lion
1960:and
1958:Lion
1937:Lion
1935:, 2
1922:and
1920:Lion
1769:Lion
1727:Lion
1721:and
1669:and
1616:Lion
1607:Lion
1592:Lion
1490:Lion
1477:Lion
1471:and
1469:Lion
1454:Lion
1449:Lion
1445:Lion
1437:Lion
1348:Lion
1344:Lion
1333:Lion
1318:Lion
1283:Lion
1271:Lion
1267:Lion
1263:Lion
1261:hit
1249:and
1212:Lion
1196:Lion
1185:Lion
1163:and
1137:Lion
1125:Lion
1061:and
1005:and
978:and
963:and
954:Lion
875:and
869:Lion
803:and
755:Plan
680:and
592:S119
530:Lion
518:Lion
476:The
57:Date
2085:Z21
1931:(1
1926:8,
1649:on
895:.
3029::
2825:.
2611:^
2560:^
2317:^
2300:^
2237:^
2136:^
2103:^
2041:1
2036:1
2031:1
2015:0
2012:)
1986:,
1970:0
1967:0
1964:8
1939:)
1906:0
1900:8
1884:0
1881:0
1878:—
1862:0
1859:0
1856:1
1851:–
1825:2
1820:1
1815:–
1789:2
1784:1
1779:1
1693:;
1653:,
1488:.
1420:,
1340:V5
1314:V5
1305:.
1245:,
1187:.
1148:.
1082:,
1076:,
1055:,
1049:,
1026:,
1020:,
999:,
993:,
957:,
838:,
826:.
797:,
791:,
622:,
607:.
72:,
3000:.
2979:.
2957:.
2928:.
2906:.
2877:.
2855:.
2833:.
2805:.
2782:.
2759:.
2730:.
2711:.
1351:′
1336:′
304:e
297:t
290:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
