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79:" syndrome, dubbed as a "mysterious disease", have been an annual feature for many years. At least 500-700 young previously healthy children had been losing their lives every year in this region. The disease affected rural young children during the winter months of September to December, with fatality rates around 75-80%. It was first assumed it to be a kind of viral
197:, which is caused due to consumption of the plant. At the end of four years, it was concluded that the disease was not encephalitis as so far believed but a fatal multi-system disease affecting liver, muscle and brain called, "acute hepatomyoencephalopathy (HME) syndrome" induced by a phytotoxin.
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Local tribals in
Malkangiri have argued that Chakunda seeds have been a part of the food habit of local tribes for a very long time and nobody ever discovered it to be lethal. The tribal people also use the root, seeds and leaf of the plant as a traditional medicine for many common ailments. A
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poisoning in children affects multiple systems. Functional and biochemical evidences to show toxic effect on the brain, liver and striated muscles. Pathologically there is acute onset massive zonal necrosis of liver and histopathology evidence of acute
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No specific treatment is available as yet. Treatment is mainly symptomatic, may require intensive care management but the outcome is uniformly poor and unpredictable if a full-blown picture of acute HME has appeared.
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Nirupam N, Sharma R, Chhapola V, Kanwal SK, Kumar V. Hepatomyoencephalopathy due to Cassia occidentalis poisoning. Indian J Pediatr. 2013 Dec;80(12):1063-4. doi: 10.1007/s12098-012-0928-0.
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R.S. Panwar. Disappearance of a deadly disease acute hepatomyoencephalopathy syndrome from
Saharanpur. Indian J Med Res. 2012 Jan; 135(1): 131–132. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.93436
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Vashishtha VM, Kumar A, John TJ, Nayak NC (June 2007). "Cassia occidentalis poisoning as the probable cause of hepatomyoencephalopathy in children in western Uttar
Pradesh".
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Vashishtha VM, Nayak NC, John TJ, Kumar A. Recurrent annual outbreaks of a hepatomyo-encephalopathy syndrome in children in
Western Uttar Pradesh, India.
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and published their findings as three papers in national peer-reviewed journals. A six-member panel led by virologist Dr Jacob John from
Vellore's
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possible reason maybe that
Chakunda seeds have been used to adulterate pulses which are sold to tribal people by unscrupulous traders.
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Gupta AK. Cassia occidentalis poisoning causes fatal coma in children in western Uttar
Pradesh. Indian Pediatr. 2008 May;45(5):424.
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Poisoning Causes Fatal Coma in
Children in Western Uttar Pradesh. Indian Pediatr. 2007 Jul 7; 44(7):522-525. Available from:
193:) plant was identified in the urine sample of 5 deceased children thus indicating that some of the children may have died of
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http://www.livemint.com/Politics/WaJsZYWsEQxBcx6kPxjOgK/Weed-poison-may-have-caused-disease-outbreak-in-UP-reports.html
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is the name given to a multi-system disease affecting the liver, muscle and brain which is now known to be caused by
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toxicity causes recurrent outbreaks of brain disease in children in
Saharanpur. Indian J Med Res 2008; 127: 413-414
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Wild weed poisoning kills 17 children in Bijnor. Maulshree-Seth : Lucknow, Mon Dec 15 2008, 04:14 hrs.
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53:. After extensive investigation the culprit has been found to be the beans of a common herb in India,
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258:"Clinical & pathological features of acute toxicity due to Cassia occidentalis in vertebrates"
228:"Clinical & pathological features of acute toxicity due to Cassia occidentalis in vertebrates"
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Vashishtha VM, John TJ, Kumar A. Clinical & pathological features of acute toxicity due to
388:"Strange: Now M'giri kids' deaths linked to Chakunda Plant rather rich in medicinal properties"
318:"102 deaths in two months: What mystery disease is preying on children of Odisha's Malkangiri?"
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http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/wild-weed-poisoning-kills-17-children-in-bijnor/398613/
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that occurred since
September 2015. The deaths were suspected to have occurred due to
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83:. Many national investigating agencies failed to diagnose the entity for many years.
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state government to investigate into the death of approximately 100 children in
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Koshy JP. Weed poison may have caused disease outbreak in UP. Available from:
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in vertebrates. Indian J Med Res. 2009 Jul;130(1):23-30. Available from:
165:, investigated this epidemic in Bijnor, one of the affected districts of
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299:"Japanese Encephalitis may not have killed Odisha children: Panel"
358:"Experts' report on Malkangiri kids death evokes mixed reaction"
336:"Malkangiri deaths: Experts pick holes in Bana Chakunda theory"
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is severe and is believed to be the immediate cause of death.
102:. The degenerative changes in the brain are mild, but brain
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http://www.indianpediatrics.net/july2007/july-522-525.htm
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185:. In its interim report, the panel indicated that
237:. Indian Journal of Medical Research. July 2009
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506:Syndromes affecting the hepatobiliary system
47:Acute hepatomyoencephalopathy (HME) syndrome
439:Vashishtha VM, Kumar A, John TJ, Nayak NC.
455:http://icmr.nic.in/ijmr/2009/july/0703.pdf
414:http://icmr.nic.in/ijmr/2009/july/0703.pdf
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189:, a toxin found in the 'bada chakunda' (
171:Christian Medical College & Hospital
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157:A team of investigators led by a local
521:Syndromes affecting the nervous system
475:Who'll bell the pig? Available from:
410:Indian J Med Res. 2007; 125: 523-533.
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386:Chand Kanungo, Nadiya (2016-11-25).
265:Indian Journal of Medical Research
256:Vashishtha, Vipin M. (July 2009).
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297:Mohanty, Debabrata (2016-11-19).
316:Acharyya, Kangkan (2016-12-01).
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75:, India, outbreaks of an acute "
511:Diseases and disorders in India
59:. In many districts of western
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492:Accessed on October 20, 2015.
485:Accessed on October 20, 2015.
478:Accessed on October 20, 2015.
364:. 2016-11-19. Archived from
342:. 2016-11-21. Archived from
516:Syndromes affecting muscles
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100:muscle fibre degeneration
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173:was constituted by the
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183:Japanese encephalitis
167:western Uttar Pradesh
459:Panwar RS, Kumar N.
346:on December 2, 2016.
461:Cassia occidentalis
451:Cassia occidentalis
441:Cassia occidentalis
203:Cassia Occidentalis
191:Cassia occidentalis
179:Malkangiri district
56:Cassia occidentalis
38:Cassia occidentalis
340:New Indian Express
22:Acute HME syndrome
201:Criticism of the
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362:odishatv.in
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65:Uttarakhand
51:phytotoxins
500:Categories
372:2016-12-01
214:References
137:March 2018
322:FIRSTPOST
161:based in
110:Treatment
87:Mechanism
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153:History
73:Haryana
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175:Odisha
104:oedema
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261:(PDF)
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