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other. On valuing nature her famous slogan was: "The cultivation of flowers and trees is a civic duty." As for valuing others, she believed this depended not only on individual effort but also entailed the emancipation of women and workers, who ought to be natural allies against oppression. She believed too that ethical socialism secured personal happiness, provided that the ethical socialist followed what was true as well as valuing others: "Act according to truth and principle." she advised, "If one does that, there will be no need ever to be anxious or distraught."
239:, a place she had fallen in love with despite its drab poverty. Alfred, who was such a brilliant doctor he could have made a fortune as a consultant, therefore set up a GP's medical practice in Jamaica Road. He charged poorer patients only a small sum and the poorest nothing at all. Ada continued as a social worker at Bermondsey Settlement, where she already had a high reputation for the clubs she ran, especially those for the "roughest and toughest" of teenage girls. In 1902 she temporarily gave up work when the couple's only child, Ada Joyce, was born.
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that could be demolished and beautifying the slums that could not. By the 1930s she had planted 9000 trees, decorated buildings with window-boxes, and filled all open spaces with flowers, some 60,000 plants. Looking not only for beautification of streets but for beautification of every individual's
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belief that "there is something of God in everyone." In practice what she meant by 'ethical' was human or humanitarian, and what she meant by 'socialism' was a worldwide network of co-operative enterprises. She believed that people would become truly human only by valuing nature and valuing each
480:, where they still stand today as exemplary housing. Her electoral results were phenomenal, regularly achieving the highest vote of any councillor in London. When her time in office was over she had hardly spent any of the mayoral 'expenses' allowance. At the
270:, becoming the first woman councillor in Bermondsey, first Labour councillor in Bermondsey, and one of the first women councillors in London. However, in 1910, personal tragedy struck when the Salters' only child, Joyce, then eight years old, died of
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body, mind and soul, she organised all over the borough music concerts, art competitions, games, sports and children's playgrounds. After a fierce political battle she built her beautiful 'utopian' council houses in Wilson Grove, designed by
381:“When the trades union movement fully realises that all the workers, men and women, youth and maidens, were members one of another, then they will hear more than the rumble of revolution in the distance, the revolution will be here.”
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in believing that fresh air and contact with nature improved people not only physically but mentally and morally. She became a proponent of urban gardening, and a pioneer of organised campaigning against air pollution in London.
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as the inspiration of this big step forward for women's rights at work (though she was only one factor) and for this, as well as for the huge organisational effort including what we would now consider as family
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in 1919, Ada was appointed Mayor in 1922, making her the first woman mayor in London and first Labour woman mayor in
Britain. Ada refused all the trappings of mayoral insignia or robes, and replaced the
175:, Northamptonshire. She had several sisters - Mary, Beatrice, Alice and Adelaide - and a brother, Richard, who became a minister in Lancaster. Ada Brown was active in the Methodist church and on the
523:. Her widower said a month later: "The loneliness grows deeper and has not lessened in the slightest with the lapse of time. Sometimes it is almost unbearable, but I have to learn to bear it."
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A set of statues was commissioned in 1991, depicting Dr Salter sitting on a bench facing the Thames, little Joyce standing by the river, with a cat perched on the wall. In
November 2011 these
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was the political party most favourable to the rights of women and wanted to stand women candidates, including Ada, at the next council elections. This put Alfred, a
Liberal councillor on the
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with a red flag with symbols of
Bermondsey, St Olave and Rotherhithe on the town hall. She had launched in 1920 her famous Beautification Committee and now she launched her housing campaign,
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and
President of the National Gardens Guild. She was one of the first women councillors in London, the first woman mayor in London and the first Labour woman mayor in the British Isles.
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Ada had always since her youth opposed war and becoming a Quaker had fortified her commitment to peace. For her, therefore, 1914 was a catastrophe. She was a founding member of the
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in one of the periodic epidemics that swept through the slums, having been infected twice before. Joyce's photo was daily decorated with flowers and ivy leaves in Alfred's study.
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352:. At first the results were disappointing, but in August 1911, 14,000 women walked out on strike in protest against terrible working conditions. They won. Ada was hailed by the
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matched, to pay for replacement statues by Diane Gorvin, and these were unveiled on 30 November 2014. Ada's statue was only the 15th public statue in London to a woman.
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which Salter had lived in during the late 1890s. The plaque was unveiled in March 2023 at 149 Lower Road in
Rotherhithe where Salter lived in the late 1890.
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branch in
Bermondsey. Once again it was Ada who had blazed the trail for him to follow. In November 1909 Ada was elected to the borough council for the
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289:. She rose to be first its National Treasurer and then in 1914 its National President, the leader of all the Labour Party women in Britain. The
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took control, Ada was able to spread her green socialist ideals to every corner of the capital. The Green Belt was secured by law in 1938.
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Ada had always insisted on living in the slums, among the poor, ever since arriving in London. Now she was equally insistent on staying in
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in Storks Road after refusing to leave
Bermondsey to its fate, as others did. She died, cared for by her sisters, in Balham Park Road,
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area. It was spontaneously referred to by locals as the 'Ada Salter Garden' and in 1943 the name was formally recognised by the LCC.
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Ada did pioneering research work on social housing, seeking not only to demolish the slums but to put in their place
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215:. Under her influence, Alfred converted to Christianity and joined the Liberal Party. They both committed to the
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The above article is based almost entirely on Ada's ODNB entry by Sybil
Oldfield and Graham Taylor's biography,
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A beautiful garden, overlooking a lake, designed and supervised by Ada herself, was opened in 1936 within
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A Salter
Memorial Lecture is promoted by the Quaker Socialist Society each year as a fringe event at the
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Blue plaque for ADA SALTER 1866–1942 Social reformer and first woman mayor of a London borough lived here
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324:) built specifically with the needs of working-class women in mind. To expedite demolition, she and her
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The Alfred Salter Primary School was opened in 1995 to meet the growing demand for school places in
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377:. Ada spoke out for equality among workers, not just in the workplace but in the labour movement:
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151:; 20 July 1866 – 4 December 1942) was an English social reformer, environmentalist, pacifist and
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647:, by Lynn Morris was performed all over the country. In 2016 her first full biography appeared:
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of 1911. She had in 1910 started to recruit women in the local factories to a trade union, the
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and of his clarion call for the unity and equality of all humanity. This chimed in with her
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1162:"ILP@120: Alfred Salter & the Bermondsey Revolution – Independent Labour Publications"
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Ada felt the 1939 war as much a catastrophe as the 1914 one. In 1942, Ada and Alfred were
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262:(LCC), into an awkward position. In 1908 therefore he also left the Liberals, to found an
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was not tied to any particular suffragist movement but Ada supported the non-violent
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Meeting-House, where she was an elder. There was also a memorial service at her
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but in 1906 she left the Liberal Party when it failed to honour its promise of
1154:"ILP@120: Ada Salter – Sister of the People – Independent Labour Publications"
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English social reformer, environmentalist, pacifist and Quaker (1866-1942)
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1198:"Salter [née Brown], Ada (1866–1942), socialist and pacifist"
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969:"News Release – Quakers consider human rights, earth and economics"
398:. Although the British government prevented her from attending the
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What brought her the greatest renown before 1914 was, however, the
943:"Plea issued for safe return of Salter statue – Southwark Council"
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Ada opens a playground by planting a tree. Alfred is on her left.
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Ada was President of the Women's Liberal Party in Bermondsey and
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332:, to absorb the excess population from the slums. Ada followed
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in her own right. In 1897, after the marriage of her sister
613:. The Salter Statues Campaign group raised £60,000, which
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it was said: 'Socialism in action: that is what she was."
511:, on 4 December 1942 and was accorded a Quaker funeral at
394:(WILPF) and from 1916 she also worked with Alfred for the
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and Vienna. Her international position was that of the
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Ada responded by throwing herself into the work of the
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1,079 gardens open for charity and guide book created
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The Newer Eve: Women, Feminists and the Labour Party
488:. In 1932 she was elected National President of the
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to work as a 'Sister of the People' in the slums of
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Bermondsey Story: the Life of Alfred Salter (1949),
945:. Southwark.gov.uk. 2 December 2011. Archived from
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1333:Members of Bermondsey Metropolitan Borough Council
1207:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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392:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
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179:before she moved to London. There she joined the
1128:Ada Salter: Pioneer of Ethical Socialism (2016),
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408:Third International Socialist Women's Conference
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531:Ada Salter's personal beliefs evolved from the
919:. Russiadockwood.ukfriends.com. Archived from
219:(Quakers) and started to attend the Deptford
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737:"Turbulent Londoners: Ada Salter, 1866-1942"
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446:(Communist) but failed to reconcile them.
167:Ada Brown was born on 20 July 1866 into a
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899:"Welcome to Alfred Salter Primary School"
301:, rather than endorse the tactics of the
1179:Ada Salter: Pioneer of Ethical Socialism
1112:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
1071:Ada Salter: Pioneer of Ethical Socialism
649:Ada Salter, Pioneer of Ethical Socialism
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365:during the dockers' strike of 1912 (see
281:, which she had co-founded in 1906 with
1204:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
875:. Inner London Ramblers. Archived from
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873:"Rotherhithe Circular Walk (5½ miles)"
207:, in south-east London. There she met
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662:would be unveiled later that year in
543:. Like Alfred, she was an admirer of
438:, which tried to mediate between the
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825:from the original on 29 January 2018
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557:Friends (Quakers) Quarterly Examiner
535:of Hugh and Katherine Hughes to the
346:National Federation of Women Workers
705:Taylor, Graham (11 November 2013).
494:1934 London County Council election
482:1925 London County Council election
320:(often derided by her opponents as
1338:Mayors of places in Greater London
636:(Quakers). The Ada Salter room at
563:Memorials to Alfred and Ada Salter
410:which organised opposition to the
303:Women's Social and Political Union
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1122:Dictionary of National Biography.
735:Awcock, Hannah (11 August 2016).
713:from the original on 20 July 2019
643:In 2015 a play about Ada Salter,
640:, London, UK is named after her.
177:radical wing of the Liberal Party
1328:Members of London County Council
1092:Hannam, June & Hunt, Karen:
285:, wife of Labour's rising star,
213:Sudbury (now Wembley), Middlesex
1094:Socialist Women: 1880s to 1920s
517:Church of England parish church
484:, she was elected to represent
386:The Great War and pacifist work
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400:Hague peace conference in 1915
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1368:Women councillors in England
1303:English Christian socialists
1221:UK public library membership
634:Religious Society of Friends
428:Women's International League
414:. There she came up against
1358:Female Christian socialists
1353:English socialist feminists
61:, Northamptonshire, England
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1118:Salter, Alfred (1873-1945)
492:Guild. Finally, after the
396:No Conscription Fellowship
248:granting the vote to women
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852:www.quakersintheworld.org
203:, Ada transferred to the
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1229:"A Quaker of the people"
645:Red Flag over Bermondsey
505:bombed out of their home
330:Green Belt around London
252:Independent Labour Party
1177:Taylor, Graham (2016).
1130:Lawrence & Wishart.
1108:Salter, Ada (1866-1942)
676:List of peace activists
594:and Redriff Road, near
555:After her death in the
223:. They were married in
163:Early life and marriage
1271:William Joseph Craigie
1258:William Charles Bustin
1213:10.1093/ref:odnb/38531
819:National Garden Scheme
630:Britain Yearly Meeting
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328:comrades called for a
295:Women's Freedom League
287:James Ramsay MacDonald
39:Ada Salter (née Brown)
1298:Converts to Quakerism
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1099:Collette, Christine:
769:Spartacus Educational
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473:demolishing the slums
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279:Women's Labour League
260:London County Council
205:Bermondsey Settlement
195:and an inspirational
157:Women's Labour League
90:Women's Labour League
1263:Mayor of Bermondsey
903:www.alfredsalter.com
600:Russia Dock Woodland
440:Second International
436:Vienna International
318:model council houses
297:, led by her friend
250:and soon joined the
120:; died
1024:"2023 Blue Plaques"
979:on 23 December 2014
611:value of the bronze
521:St James Bermondsey
444:Third International
342:Bermondsey Uprising
227:on 22 August 1900.
197:Christian socialist
181:West London Mission
155:, President of the
1348:People from Raunds
1343:Pacifist feminists
1243:. 19 January 2018.
1089:Allen & Unwin.
973:Quakers in Britain
651:by Graham Taylor.
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464:Bermondsey Council
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424:Margaret Bondfield
307:Emmeline Pankhurst
283:Margaret MacDonald
217:Society of Friends
1323:Quaker socialists
1313:English pacifists
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1269:Succeeded by
1235:. 9 January 2014.
1219:(Subscription or
1106:Oldfield, Sybil:
815:"About us - 1932"
658:announced that a
654:In January 2023,
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537:ethical socialism
533:social liberalism
442:(Labour) and the
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1293:1942 deaths
1288:1866 births
857:28 February
829:13 December
799:13 December
774:28 February
746:28 February
717:28 February
660:blue plaque
607:were stolen
588:Rotherhithe
367:Ben Tillett
334:John Ruskin
244:Rotherhithe
88:Co-founder
1282:Categories
1266:1922–1923
1223:required.)
1120:in Oxford
1033:27 January
682:References
592:Stave Hill
469:Union Jack
422:delegate,
363:food banks
237:Bermondsey
231:Bermondsey
189:St Pancras
185:Bloomsbury
171:family in
142:Ada Salter
51:1866-07-20
1241:"Vote100"
1008:3 January
664:Southwark
509:Battersea
348:, led by
169:Methodist
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1058:13 March
953:28 March
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821:. 1932.
711:Archived
670:See also
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