29:
484:
The discovery of memory in the human NK compartment makes us wonder whether it could be harnessed by vaccination. This could be particularly effective in HIV infections where CD4+T cells get rapidly depleted as it provides an alternative where B and T cells cannot be harnessed.
451:. None of these surface marker expression patterns are inherently specific for adaptive NK cells, but together they may help to identify discrete populations of adaptive NK cells. Human adaptive NK cells have the hypomethylated region of
493:
The clinical application of NK cells with memory-like properties can significantly increase the efficiency of these cells and pave the way for the new NK cell-based clinical approaches for the
550:
517:
168:
373:. Importantly, both memory-like functionalities are antigen-unspecific and mean “remembering” a previous state of increased activation caused by
104:(cNK) cells by their receptor expression profile and epigenome. Adaptive NK cells are so named for properties which they share with the
67:
1006:"Epigenetic modification and antibody-dependent expansion of memory-like NK cells in human cytomegalovirus-infected individuals"
743:"NK cell responses to cytomegalovirus infection lead to stable imprints in the human KIR repertoire and involve activating KIRs"
112:, they exhibit dynamic expansions of defined cell subsets, increased proliferation and long-term persistence for up to 3 months
694:"Cytomegalovirus infection drives adaptive epigenetic diversification of NK cells with altered signaling and effector function"
330:
131:
Adaptive NK cells have been identified in both humans and mice. Persistent adaptive NK populations have been reported during
565:
473:
of adaptive NK cells remains a constant question in this field. It had been indicated similar or reduced degranulation of
416:
406:
462:
533:
529:
140:
28:
200:
560:
525:
284:
105:
390:
186:
163:
Human adaptive NK cells in peripheral blood are likely derived from cNK cells expressing low levels of
1182:
1177:
803:
178:
Some evidence exists for tissue-resident adaptive NK cells in the liver, where a small population of
97:
155:
contribute to the development of adaptive NK cells by priming NK cells prior to immune stimulation.
545:
520:-ligand mismatch has a beneficial effect on the alloreactivity of donor NK cells against recipient
509:
497:. Adaptive NK cells can mediate the enhanced antitumor effects, that may be due to their increased
494:
455:
93:
272:
741:
Béziat V, Liu LL, Malmberg JA, Ivarsson MA, Sohlberg E, Björklund AT, et al. (April 2013).
919:"CXCR6 marks a novel subset of T-bet(lo)Eomes(hi) natural killer cells residing in human liver"
917:
Stegmann KA, Robertson F, Hansi N, Gill U, Pallant C, Christophides T, et al. (May 2016).
1154:
1094:
1076:
1035:
979:
948:
899:
829:
772:
723:
671:
640:
1144:
1134:
1084:
1066:
1025:
1017:
971:
938:
930:
889:
879:
868:"Memory-Like NK Cells: Remembering a Previous Activation by Cytokines and NK Cell Receptors"
819:
811:
762:
754:
713:
705:
663:
630:
622:
575:
502:
466:
452:
334:
280:
244:
193:
190:
179:
136:
117:
692:
Schlums H, Cichocki F, Tesi B, Theorell J, Beziat V, Holmes TD, et al. (March 2015).
570:
252:
807:
1149:
1122:
1089:
1054:
1030:
1005:
943:
918:
894:
867:
824:
791:
767:
742:
718:
693:
635:
610:
401:, demonstrate reduced activation and degranulation in response to activated autologous
350:
346:
342:
300:
292:
288:
268:
264:
260:
240:
236:
232:
152:
148:
144:
279:
CNS1 region of the IFNG gene, which in turn can lead to a remarkable stability of the
1171:
362:
314:
296:
276:
248:
132:
49:
361:
can induce similar memory-like functions: an enhanced proliferative capacity toward
498:
470:
386:
121:
101:
44:
1021:
758:
709:
626:
394:
219:
modifications that occur in association with adaptive NK cell differentiation.
212:
208:
1071:
975:
667:
60:
1139:
1080:
1004:
Lee J, Zhang T, Hwang I, Kim A, Nitschke L, Kim M, et al. (March 2015).
884:
175:. These surface molecules are required for antigen sensing during infection.
419:
cNK cells, adaptive NK cells generally show decreased expression of surface
398:
216:
172:
1158:
1098:
1039:
983:
952:
903:
833:
776:
727:
675:
644:
369:
up-regulation as well as a strengthened responsiveness to restimulation by
73:
521:
513:
374:
370:
358:
338:
311:
228:
815:
436:
109:
934:
448:
402:
326:
322:
505:
production capacity, and persistence in large numbers in the host.
555:
474:
424:
385:
Unique and expanded adaptive NK cell populations were observed in
366:
318:
307:
256:
182:
968:
About
Training and Memory: NK-Cell Adaptation to Viral Infections
660:
About
Training and Memory: NK-Cell Adaptation to Viral Infections
189:
infection. These cells differ from the predominant population of
33:
Human natural killer cell, colorized scanning electron micrograph
478:
459:
444:
432:
428:
409:
354:
211:
provide a three-prong stimulation responsible for promoting the
164:
609:
Freud AG, Mundy-Bosse BL, Yu J, Caligiuri MA (November 2017).
440:
420:
204:
481:
ligation or stimulation with antibody-coated tumor targets.
970:. Advances in Immunology. Vol. 133. pp. 171–207.
662:. Advances in Immunology. Vol. 133. pp. 171–207.
611:"The Broad Spectrum of Human Natural Killer Cell Diversity"
377:
exposure or stimulation via activating NK cell receptors.
1053:
Perera
Molligoda Arachchige, Arosh Shavinda (2021-03-24).
1055:"Human NK cells: From development to effector functions"
227:
NK cells essentially "remember" the previous effects of
1123:"Natural Killer Cell Memory: Progress and Implications"
439:
but demonstrate retained or even higher expression of
271:
pre-activated NK cells have been detected to have an
55:
43:
38:
21:
792:"Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells"
389:in humans that have been previously infected with
196:NK cells in the liver by their gene expression.
185:NK cells has been shown to emerge in response to
128:restimulation, and protective memory responses.
341:). Pre-activation of NK cells by the cytokines
167:, as CD56 cNK cells are more likely to express
687:
685:
790:Sun JC, Beilke JN, Lanier LL (January 2009).
8:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
590:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
512:NK cells is promising for the treatment of
465:adaptive NK cells produce large amounts of
16:Specialized subtype of cytotoxic lymphocyte
999:
997:
995:
993:
108:. Though adaptive NK cells do not possess
27:
1148:
1138:
1088:
1070:
1029:
942:
893:
883:
823:
766:
717:
634:
169:killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
551:Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
528:of alloreactive NK cells does not cause
586:
546:Natural killer cell § Adaptive features
658:Hammer Q, Romagnani C (Nov 30, 2016).
524:. Besides, it has been shown that the
469:and also extensively proliferate. The
71:
18:
7:
303:might serve as a survival factor.
866:Pahl JH, Cerwenka A, Ni J (2018).
137:contact hypersensitivity reactions
14:
393:. These NK cells bear activating
143:or activating receptor pathways.
100:. They can be distinguished from
86:adaptive natural killer (NK) cell
530:graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
310:+ adaptive NK cells also showed
295:are required for the pronounced
283:-producing phenotype even after
199:Signals transmitted through the
68:Anatomical terms of microanatomy
477:as compared to cNK cells after
96:that has the potential to form
966:Hammer Q, Romagnani C (2017).
306:In addition to the IFNG gene,
1:
1121:Peng H, Tian Z (2017-09-13).
395:MHC class I-binding receptors
325:genes or hypermethylation of
1022:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.013
759:10.1182/blood-2012-10-459545
710:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.008
627:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.008
458:. After stimulation through
391:Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
299:of the CNS1 region, whereas
231:. NK cells pre-activated by
209:MHC class I-binding receptor
22:Adaptive natural killer cell
139:, and after stimulation by
1199:
141:pro-inflammatory cytokines
1072:10.1177/17534259211001512
976:10.1016/bs.ai.2016.10.001
668:10.1016/bs.ai.2016.10.001
532:, but instead suppresses
66:
26:
1140:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01143
885:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02796
259:+ adaptive NK cells and
243:transfer their enhanced
1127:Frontiers in Immunology
872:Frontiers in Immunology
561:Adoptive cell transfer
247:producing capacity to
106:adaptive immune system
571:Human Cytomegalovirus
489:Therapeutic potential
223:Epigenetic regulation
187:human cytomegalovirus
449:CD85j (ILT2, LILRB1)
353:or by engagement of
275:, for instance, the
98:immunological memory
816:10.1038/nature07665
808:2009Natur.457..557S
120:production, potent
110:antigen specificity
94:natural killer cell
90:memory-like NK cell
923:Scientific Reports
285:adoptive transfer.
273:epigenetic imprint
122:cytotoxic activity
935:10.1038/srep26157
526:adoptive transfer
415:In comparison to
92:is a specialized
82:
81:
77:
1190:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1118:
1103:
1102:
1092:
1074:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1001:
988:
987:
963:
957:
956:
946:
914:
908:
907:
897:
887:
863:
838:
837:
827:
802:(7229): 557–61.
787:
781:
780:
770:
738:
732:
731:
721:
689:
680:
679:
655:
649:
648:
638:
606:
508:Clinical use of
495:cancer treatment
387:peripheral blood
357:via therapeutic
74:edit on Wikidata
31:
19:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1120:
1119:
1106:
1059:Innate Immunity
1052:
1051:
1047:
1003:
1002:
991:
965:
964:
960:
916:
915:
911:
865:
864:
841:
789:
788:
784:
753:(14): 2678–88.
740:
739:
735:
691:
690:
683:
657:
656:
652:
608:
607:
588:
584:
542:
491:
383:
225:
161:
133:viral infection
78:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1104:
1065:(3): 212–229.
1045:
989:
958:
909:
839:
782:
733:
681:
650:
621:(5): 820–833.
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
541:
538:
490:
487:
382:
379:
249:daughter cells
224:
221:
203:combined with
201:IL-12 receptor
171:(KIRs) and/or
160:
157:
80:
79:
70:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1016:(3): 431–42.
1015:
1011:
1007:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
959:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
910:
905:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
840:
835:
831:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
783:
778:
774:
769:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
737:
734:
729:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
704:(3): 443–56.
703:
699:
695:
688:
686:
682:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
654:
651:
646:
642:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
593:
591:
587:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
488:
486:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
408:
405:and they are
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:demethylation
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
297:demethylation
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
192:
188:
184:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
75:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:Immune system
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1130:
1126:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1013:
1009:
967:
961:
926:
922:
912:
875:
871:
799:
795:
785:
750:
746:
736:
701:
697:
659:
653:
618:
614:
507:
499:cytotoxicity
492:
483:
471:cytotoxicity
414:
397:, typically
384:
355:FcÎłRIII/CD16
319:PRDM1/BLIMP1
305:
277:demethylated
255:-associated
226:
198:
177:
162:
130:
125:
113:
102:cytotoxic NK
89:
85:
83:
1183:Human cells
1178:Lymphocytes
371:tumor cells
331:Fc fragment
323:ZBTB32/TZFP
1172:Categories
582:References
510:allogeneic
399:CD94/NKG2C
359:antibodies
217:phenotypic
213:epigenetic
173:CD94/NKG2C
61:lymphocyte
59:Cytotoxic
1081:1753-4259
929:: 26157.
381:In humans
337:receptor
229:cytokines
1159:28955346
1133:: 1143.
1099:33761782
1040:25786175
1010:Immunity
984:28215279
953:27210614
904:30546366
878:: 2796.
834:19136945
777:23325834
728:25786176
698:Immunity
676:28215279
645:29166586
615:Immunity
540:See also
522:leukemia
514:leukemia
463:ligation
456:promoter
437:SIGLEC-7
375:cytokine
56:Function
1150:5601391
1090:8054151
1031:4537797
944:4876507
895:6279934
825:2674434
804:Bibcode
768:3617633
719:4612277
636:5728700
501:, high
417:CD56dim
407:CD56dim
403:T cells
365:due to
317:of the
126:ex vivo
116:, high
114:in vivo
39:Details
1157:
1147:
1097:
1087:
1079:
1038:
1028:
982:
951:
941:
902:
892:
832:
822:
796:Nature
775:
765:
726:
716:
674:
643:
633:
475:CD107a
447:, and
435:, and
327:FCER1G
159:Origin
151:, and
45:System
747:Blood
576:IFN-Îł
556:KLRC2
503:IFN-Îł
467:IFN-Îł
453:IFN-Îł
433:NKp46
429:NKp30
425:CD161
410:CD16+
351:IL-15
349:plus
343:IL-12
308:NKG2C
301:IL-15
293:IL-18
289:IL-12
287:Both
281:IFN-Îł
261:IL-12
257:NKG2C
245:IFN-Îł
233:IL-12
194:CD49e
191:CD49a
183:NKG2C
180:CD49a
153:IL-15
149:IL-18
145:IL-12
124:upon
118:IFN-Îł
72:[
1155:PMID
1095:PMID
1077:ISSN
1036:PMID
980:PMID
949:PMID
900:PMID
830:PMID
773:PMID
724:PMID
672:PMID
641:PMID
566:CD56
534:GVHD
479:CD16
460:CD16
445:CD57
367:CD25
363:IL-2
321:and
291:and
253:HCMV
215:and
207:and
165:CD56
1145:PMC
1135:doi
1085:PMC
1067:doi
1026:PMC
1018:doi
972:doi
939:PMC
931:doi
890:PMC
880:doi
820:PMC
812:doi
800:457
763:PMC
755:doi
751:121
714:PMC
706:doi
664:doi
631:PMC
623:doi
518:KIR
441:CD2
421:CD7
335:IgE
333:of
312:CpG
205:CD2
88:or
84:An
1174::
1153:.
1143:.
1129:.
1125:.
1107:^
1093:.
1083:.
1075:.
1063:27
1061:.
1057:.
1034:.
1024:.
1014:42
1012:.
1008:.
992:^
978:.
947:.
937:.
925:.
921:.
898:.
888:.
874:.
870:.
842:^
828:.
818:.
810:.
798:.
794:.
771:.
761:.
749:.
745:.
722:.
712:.
702:42
700:.
696:.
684:^
670:.
639:.
629:.
619:47
617:.
613:.
589:^
536:.
516:.
443:,
431:,
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423:,
412:.
347:18
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269:18
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251:.
241:18
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1161:.
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1020::
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933::
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906:.
882::
876:9
836:.
814::
806::
779:.
757::
730:.
708::
678:.
666::
647:.
625::
345:/
329:(
267:/
263:/
239:/
235:/
76:]
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