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1060:, the Advisor for the Western Protectorate developed a plan for the protectorate states to form two federations, corresponding to the two halves of the protectorate. Although little progress was made with the plan, it was considered a provocation by Ahmad bin Yahya. In addition to his role as king, he also served as the
502:
The rulers of the Aden
Protectorate, as generally with the other British protectorates and protected states, retained a large degree of autonomy: their flags still flew over their government buildings, government was still performed by them or in their names, and their states maintained a distinct
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ending in failure only 3 years later. An anti-colonial uprising in Aden in 1963 provided another potential opportunity for his doctrines, though it is not clear whether the revolt among the Arabs in Aden had the Yemeni guerrilla groups drawing inspiration from Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas or acting
612:
in 1886, the
British began a slow formalisation of protection arrangements that included more than 30 major treaties of protection with the last signed only in 1954. These treaties, together with a number of other minor agreements, created the Aden Protectorate that extended well east of Aden to
643:
In exchange for
British protection, the rulers of the constituent territories of the Protectorate agreed not to make treaties with or cede territory to any other foreign power. In 1917, control of Aden Protectorate was transferred from the
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protectorates would serve to encourage discontented Shafi'ites who inhabited the coastal regions of Yemen. To counter the threat, Ahmad increased Yemeni efforts to decrease
British control and, during the mid-1950s, Yemen assisted a
1252:(AKA "Mad Mitch") to prominence. On 20 June 1967 there was a mutiny in the Army of South Arabian Federation, which spread to the police. Order was restored by the British, due mainly to the efforts of the 1st Battalion
494:
of
British India in January 1839, and which continued until the 1960s. In 1940, it was divided for administrative purposes into the Western Protectorate and the Eastern Protectorate. The territory now forms part of the
1259:
Nevertheless, deadly guerrilla attacks particularly by the NLF resumed soon against
British forces, with the British leaving Aden by the end of November 1967, earlier than had been planned by British Prime Minister
1084:
by disgruntled tribes against protectorate states. The appeal of Yemen was limited initially in the protectorate but a growing intimacy between Yemen and the popular Arab nationalist president of Egypt
1014:
were sometimes used against wayward tribes to enforce the rule of
Britain's clients. British protection came to be considered by some to be an impediment to progress, especially by promoters of
1116:
Nationalist pressure prodded the threatened rulers of the Aden
Protectorate states to revive efforts at forming a federation and, on 11 February 1959, six of them signed an accord forming the
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By 1963 and during the ensuing years, anti-British guerrilla groups with varying political objectives began to coalesce into two larger, rival organisations: first the
Egyptian-supported
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sultan and, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, signed similar treaties with twelve other protectorate states. The following were the states with advisory treaties:
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What became known as the Aden
Protectorate was begun by informal arrangements of protection with nine states in the immediate hinterland of the port city of
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The boundaries between the polities and even their number fluctuated over time. Some such as the Mahra Sultanate barely had any functioning administration.
1122:. During the next three years, they were joined by nine others and, on 18 January 1963, Aden Colony was merged with the federation creating the new
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Nasser had only limited success in spreading his pan-Arabist doctrines through the Arab world, with his 1958 attempt to unify Egypt and
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503:'international personality' in terms of international law, in contrast to states possessed directly by the British Empire, such as
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Aden with its harbour was the only area in full British sovereignty and, together with some offshore islands, was known as
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1045:. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s, Yemen was involved with a series of border skirmishes along the disputed
683:(with its own Political Officer, stationed at Lahej from 1 April 1937 to 1967), for some separation of administration.
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in 1956, as a valuable port for accessing crucial Middle Eastern oil. It had also been chosen as the new location for
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This article is about the protectorate in the Yemeni hinterland. For the former Province of India during the Raj, see
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British expansion into the area was designed to secure the important port that was, at the time, governed from
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to the north who did not recognise British suzerainty in South Arabia and had ambitions of creating a unified
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in the signatory states which gave the British a greater degree of control of their domestic affairs. This
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1308:"Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Overseas Commands – Middle East and Mediterranean"
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in 1936 and was known later as British Forces Arabian Peninsula and then Middle East Command (Aden).
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Postage stamp from the Qu'aiti state of Shihr and Mukalla with portrait of Sultan Salib bin Ghalib.
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1229:) was operating nine squadrons. These included transport units with helicopters and a number of
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The Eastern Protectorate (c. 230,000 km) came to include the following entities (mostly in
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ground attack aircraft. They were called in by the army for strikes against positions using
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in 1956 had been forced to withdraw after intervention from both the United States and the
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http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/7d807f72-ee39-43db-86ed-2812db614c35
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Postage stamp of the Kathiri state of Sai'yun with portrait of Sultan Jafar bin Mansur
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and then, after the loss of most of Britain's colonies from 1945 and the disastrous
580:. From 1874, these protection arrangements existed with the tacit acceptance of the
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and without an agreement for the succeeding governance. The NLF then seized power.
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on the strategically important naval route from Europe to India, to the British
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spreading to the Arabian Peninsula, encouraged especially by the Socialist and
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except for the immediate environs and port of the colonial capital, Aden.
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Self-ruling sultanates, emirates and sheikdoms under British protection
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became known collectively as the "Nine Tribes" or the "Nine Cantons."
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660:. For administrative purposes, the protectorate was divided into the
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Map of Arabia (1905–1923) including the states of Aden Protectorate
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as reinforced by news from the outside received by newly available
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but had the effect of encouraging official corruption. Aerial
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In 1928, the British established Aden Command, directed by the
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was declared in the former protectorate and the newly created
38:
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Official website of the Al-Quaiti Royal Family of Hadhramaut
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1940 cover of British controlled Aden protectorate passport.
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Records of the British Administration in Aden, 1839-1967 (
1053:
that served to separate Yemen from the Aden Protectorate.
1210:(FLOSY), who attacked each other as well as the British.
1134:, thus ending the existence of the Protectorate of Aden.
1171:. The British, French, and Israeli invasion forces that
1382:
WorldStatesmen – Yemen-States of the Aden Protectorates
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The Western Protectorate (c. 55,000 km) included:
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Beginning with a formal treaty of protection with the
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In 1938, Britain signed an advisory treaty with the
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and included all of the territory that would become
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69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1101:Aden had been of interest to Britain as a link to
749:Aerial view of Mukalla, Eastern Protectorate, 1932
1332:.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
994:These agreements allowed for the stationing of a
1208:Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen
1072:. He feared that a successful federation in the
507:, where the British monarch was the sovereign.
1761:States and territories disestablished in 1963
1402:
8:
1726:1963 disestablishments in the British Empire
604:Official map of the Aden Protectorate, 1948.
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1766:States and territories established in 1872
1409:
1395:
1387:
1097:Federation and the end of the Protectorate
163:
140:
1716:1886 establishments in the British Empire
169:Location of the Aden Protectorate on the
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1119:Federation of Arab Emirates of the South
925:
917:
744:
736:
728:
1670:Federation of the Emirates of the South
1339:. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1975.
1295:The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj
1273:
1030:British control was also challenged by
882:and the five Upper Yafa sheikhdoms of:
405:Federation of the Emirates of the South
1002:and stabilised the rulers' status and
705:Not included in the protectorate were
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32:Chief Commissioner's Province of Aden
27:Former British protectorate in Arabia
7:
1736:19th-century establishments in Yemen
1167:doctrines of the Egyptian president
1159:The Emergency was caused largely by
610:Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotra
67:adding citations to reliable sources
733:Lahej, Western Protectorate c. 1910
460:
149:
1337:Aden Under British Rule: 1839–1967
490:after the conquest of Aden by the
478:. The protectorate evolved in the
25:
1254:Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders
1346:. London: Pall Mall Press, 1968.
1297:, Oxford University Press, 2007.
1256:, commanded by Lt-Col Mitchell.
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1344:South Arabia: Arena of Conflict
588:of Yemen to the north, and the
54:needs additional citations for
1771:United Kingdom–Yemen relations
1721:1963 disestablishments in Asia
1235:"60 lb" high explosive rockets
1051:1914 Anglo-Ottoman demarcation
1039:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
721:that were administered by it.
1:
1756:Former countries in West Asia
673:
596:Formal treaties of protection
1786:Former British protectorates
1540:Protectorate of South Arabia
1131:Protectorate of South Arabia
1026:Challenges to the status quo
419:Protectorate of South Arabia
1711:1886 establishments in Asia
961:Western Protectorate States
942:Eastern Protectorate States
465:
1802:
1427:Federation of South Arabia
1199:independently themselves.
1141:
1125:Federation of South Arabia
1093:increased its attraction.
650:British East India Company
648:, which had inherited the
29:
1781:Former monarchies of Asia
1660:
1377:Historical Flags of Yemen
1372:Aden Veterans Association
1330:A History of Modern Yemen
1204:National Liberation Front
709:and the insular areas of
681:Western Aden Protectorate
662:Eastern Aden Protectorate
307:
289:
252:
162:
157:
1217:A scene in Aden in 1965.
652:'s interests in various
636:(1937–1963) and finally
1250:Colin Campbell Mitchell
1148:On 10 December 1963, a
1515:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
1510:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
1367:British-Yemeni Society
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990:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
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875:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
870:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
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605:
281:• Disestablished
258:• Initial treaty
1741:20th century in Yemen
1731:19th century in Yemen
1314:on 10 September 2014.
1216:
1089:and the formation of
1012:collective punishment
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195:Common languages
1746:Aden in World War II
1631:1994 revival attempt
1196:United Arab Republic
880:Upper Yafa Sultanate
793:Western Protectorate
725:Eastern Protectorate
472:British protectorate
63:improve this article
1206:(NLF) and then the
1111:Middle East Command
834:Dependence of Dhala
692:British Forces Aden
646:Government of India
516:Informal beginnings
78:"Aden Protectorate"
1615:Independent states
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1169:Gamel Abdel Nasser
1150:state of emergency
1091:United Arab States
1087:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1004:laws of succession
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392:Independent Tribes
1706:Aden Protectorate
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1417:Former states in
1173:had invaded Egypt
1082:number of revolts
1058:Kennedy Trevaskis
1020:transistor radios
914:Advisory treaties
632:(1932–1937), the
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492:Bombay Presidency
453:Aden Protectorate
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16:(Redirected from
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1776:Former countries
1665:History of Yemen
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1310:. Archived from
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1161:Arab nationalism
1016:Arab nationalism
996:Resident Advisor
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1154:State of Aden
1151:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:British India
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Greater Yemen
1040:
1036:
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1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
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1009:
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989:
986:
983:
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977:
974:
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968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
956:Wahidi Balhaf
955:
952:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
937:
928:
920:
913:
907:
904:
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813:
810:
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805:
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799:
798:
792:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Wahidi Balhaf
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
759:
758:
756:
747:
739:
731:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
697:
695:
693:
689:
684:
682:
672:from 1937 to
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
640:(1963–1967).
639:
638:State of Aden
635:
631:
630:Aden Province
628:(1839–1932),
627:
622:
620:
616:
611:
602:
595:
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587:
583:
579:
578:British India
572:
569:
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541:
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440:Today part of
438:
422:
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393:
390:
383:
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379:
378:Yemen Vilayet
376:
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83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1674:
1530:Wahidi Haban
1485:Lower Aulaqi
1419:South Arabia
1343:
1342:Tom Little.
1336:
1329:
1312:the original
1302:
1289:
1276:
1258:
1243:
1220:
1201:
1189:
1158:
1147:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1100:
1055:
1029:
1000:rationalised
993:
984:Lower Aulaqi
933:
855:Lower Aulaqi
796:
787:Wahidi Haban
752:
704:
701:
685:
680:
661:
642:
623:
607:
575:
519:
501:
463:
452:
450:
318:Succeeded by
317:
312:
229:Christianity
125:
119:January 2010
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
1685:Aden Colony
1627:South Yemen
1622:North Yemen
1223:RAF station
1165:pan-Arabist
1107:Suez Crisis
1070:Shi'a Islam
1047:Violet Line
1008:bombardment
707:Aden Colony
677: 1967
619:South Yemen
486:and in the
313:Preceded by
1700:Categories
1652:Upper Asir
1647:Lower Asir
1563:Upper Yafa
1490:Lower Yafa
1268:References
1239:30 mm Aden
1181:Suez Canal
1068:branch of
987:Lower Yafa
860:Lower Yafa
755:Hadhramaut
679:) and the
615:Hadhramaut
586:suzerainty
488:Hadhramaut
480:hinterland
236:Demonym(s)
89:newspapers
1056:In 1950,
461:محمية عدن
217:Religion
158:1872–1963
150:محمية عدن
1606:al-`Irqa
1601:al-Hawra
1591:Rubeaten
1571:Al-Dhubi
1475:Haushabi
1241:cannon.
975:Haushabi
891:Al-Dhubi
845:Haushabi
698:Polities
590:polities
561:Haushabi
470:) was a
294:Currency
1583:Maflahi
1579:Mawsata
1575:Hadrami
1567:Al-Busi
1558:Qu'aiti
1548:Kathiri
1500:Qutaibi
1495:Maflahi
1460:Dathina
1450:Audhali
1194:as the
1179:of the
1077:Sunnite
1074:Shafi'i
1037:of the
966:Audhali
953:Qu'aiti
947:Kathiri
936:Qu'aiti
906:Mawsata
901:Maflahi
896:Hadrami
886:Al-Busi
832:Qutaibi
822:Dathina
812:Audhali
772:Qu'aiti
762:Kathiri
715:Kamaran
670:Qu'aiti
666:Mukalla
566:Subeihi
542:(Dhala)
531:(Lahej)
511:History
336:Kathiri
268:•
245:History
225:Judaism
207:English
203:Persian
190:Various
187:Capital
103:scholar
1642:Najran
1637:Baidah
1587:Na'wah
1470:Fadhli
1455:Beihan
1445:Aqrabi
978:Fadhli
969:Beihan
840:Fadhli
817:Beihan
807:Aqrabi
717:, and
556:Fadhli
551:Aulaqi
546:Aqrabi
529:Abdali
457:Arabic
364:Quaiti
298:Thaler
248:
199:Arabic
179:Status
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
1595:Juban
1553:Mahra
1505:Shaib
1480:Lahej
1465:Dhala
1440:Alawi
1192:Syria
1066:Zaidi
981:Lahej
972:Dhala
950:Mahra
865:Shaib
850:Lahej
827:Dhala
802:Alawi
767:Mahra
711:Perim
540:Amiri
535:Alawi
444:Yemen
302:Rupee
240:Adeni
221:Islam
110:JSTOR
96:books
1751:Aden
1435:Aden
1244:The
1237:and
1185:USSR
1062:imam
1049:, a
1032:King
1010:and
571:Yafa
522:Aden
484:Aden
451:The
262:1872
82:news
757:):
668:in
474:in
65:by
1702::
1593:–
1589:–
1585:–
1581:–
1577:–
1573:–
1569:–
1187:.
1156:.
1113:.
1022:.
713:,
674:c.
524::
499:.
459::
300:,
1633:)
1629:(
1597:)
1565:(
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
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1225:(
455:(
173:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
34:.
20:)
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