631:(skin smoothing) action produced by lanolin is very significant and lasts for many hours. Lanolin applied to the skin at 2 mg/cm has been shown to reduce roughness by about 35% after one hour and 50% after two hours, with the overall effect lasting for considerably more than eight hours. Lanolin is also known to form semiocclusive (breathable) films on the skin. When applied daily at around 4 mg/cm for five consecutive days, the positive moisturising effects of lanolin were detectable until 72 hours after final application. Lanolin may achieve some of its moisturising effects by forming a secondary moisture reservoir within the skin.
589:, introduced in July 1976, contained a stipulation that cosmetics which contained lanolin should be labelled to that effect. This ruling was challenged immediately, and in the early 1980s, it was overturned and removed from the directive. Despite only being in force for a short period of time, this ruling did harm both to the lanolin industry and to the reputation of lanolin in general. The Cosmetics Directive ruling only applied to the presence of lanolin in cosmetic products; it did not apply to the many hundreds of its different uses in dermatological products designed for the treatment of compromised skin conditions.
48:
370:
385:
It is frequently used in protective baby skin treatment and for sore nipples from breastfeeding but health authorities recommend alternative methods first, including nipple cleaning and improving baby positioning as well as expressing milk by hand. Lanolin is reported to have soothing properties but
181:
Lanolin’s complex composition of long-chain esters, hydroxyesters, diesters, lanolin alcohols, and lanolin acids means in addition to its being a valuable product in its own right, it is also the starting point for the production of a whole spectrum of lanolin derivatives, which possess wide-ranging
377:
Lanolin and its many derivatives are used extensively in both the personal care (e.g., high value cosmetics, facial cosmetics, lip products) and health care sectors such as topical liniments. Lanolin is also found in lubricants, rust-preventive coatings, shoe polish, and other commercial products.
581:
Lanolin attracted attention owing to a misunderstanding concerning its sensitising potential. A study carried out at New York
University Hospital in the early 1950s had shown about 1% of patients with dermatological disorders were allergic to the lanolin being used at that time. By one estimate,
557:
A second monograph also introduced into the US Pharmacopoeia XXII in 1992 was entitled 'Modified
Lanolin'. Lanolin conforming to this monograph is intended for use in more exacting applications, for example on open wounds. In this monograph, the limit of total pesticides was reduced to 3 ppm
638:
and glycerol. In a small clinical study conducted on volunteer subjects with terribly dry (xerotic) hands, lanolin was shown to be superior to petrolatum in reducing the signs and symptoms of dryness and scaling, cracks and abrasions, and pain and itch. In another study, a high purity grade of
381:
Lanolin is a relatively common allergen and is often misunderstood as a wool allergy. However, allergy to a lanolin-containing product is difficult to pinpoint and often other products containing lanolin may be fine for use. Patch testing can be done if a lanolin allergy is suspected.
569:
Some very high-purity grades of lanolin surpass monograph requirements. New products obtained using complex purification techniques produce lanolin esters in their natural state, removing oxidative and environmental impurities resulting in white, odourless,
177:
An estimated 8,000 to 20,000 different types of lanolin esters are present in lanolin, resulting from combinations between the 200 or so different lanolin acids and the 100 or so different lanolin alcohols identified so far.
565:
introduced pesticide residue limits into its lanolin monograph. This requirement, which is generally regarded as the new quality standard, extends the list of pesticides to 40 and imposes even lower concentration limits.
405:
cannot adhere. Commercial products (e.g. Lanocote) containing up to 85% lanolin are used to prevent corrosion in marine fasteners, especially when two different metals are in contact with each other and saltwater. The
582:
this simple misunderstanding of failing to differentiate between the general healthy population and patients with dermatological disorders exaggerates the sensitising potential of lanolin by 5,000–6,000 times.
353:
will produce about 250–300 ml of recoverable wool grease. Lanolin is extracted by washing the wool in hot water with a special wool scouring detergent to remove dirt, wool grease (crude lanolin),
624:
formed by lanolin are identical to those formed by human stratum corneum lipids. The incorporation of bound water into the stratum corneum involves the formation of multilamellar vesicles.
236:(AHAs). The use of AHAs in skin care products has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. Details of the AHAs isolated from lanolin can be seen in the table below.
1383:
511:(usually 99%), the ethanol acts as a carrier which evaporates quickly after application, leaving a fine film of lanolin behind to prevent brass seizing in resizing dies.
781:
1129:
Wang, I. J.; Lin, I. C.; Hou, Y. C.; Hu, F. R. (2007). "A comparison of the effect of carbomer-, cellulose- and mineral oil-based artificial tear formulations".
1061:
1570:
1322:
1376:
851:
814:
1029:
486:
38:
1560:
798:
886:"Comprehensive view on chemistry, manufacturing & applications of lanolin extracted from wool pretreatment,also used in vitamins"
1369:
727:
554:(i.e. 40 mg/kg) total pesticides was stipulated for lanolin of general use, with no individual limit greater than 10 ppm.
232:; they have been used extensively in skincare products for over 100 years. Approximately 40% of the acids derived from lanolin are
592:
Modern analytical methods have revealed lanolin possesses a number of important chemical and physical similarities to human
969:
574:
lanolin. These ultra-high-purity grades of lanolin are ideally suited to the treatment of dermatological disorders such as
357:(sweat salts), and anything else stuck to the wool. The wool grease is continuously removed during this washing process by
610:
900:
669:
543:
1050:
142:
Lanolin's role in nature is to protect wool and skin from climate and the environment; it also plays a role in skin (
1221:
Arden Jones, M. R.; Steel, I.; Powell, S. M. (July 2002). "British
Contact Dermatitis Group: Summaries of Papers".
614:
453:
538:
In addition to general purity requirements, lanolin must meet official requirements for the permissible levels of
139:
property aids sheep in shedding water from their coats. Certain breeds of sheep produce large amounts of lanolin.
146:) hygiene. Lanolin and its derivatives are used in the protection, treatment, and beautification of human skin.
872:
to produce aminoalcohols. The process is also adaptable to produce specialty aminoalcohols from other epoxides.
489:
therapy to reduce irritation with masks, particular nasal pillow masks that can often create sore spots in the
613:
has shown that lanolin, like human stratum corneum lipids, consists of a mass of liquid crystalline material.
1000:
639:
lanolin was found to be significantly superior to petrolatum in assisting the healing of superficial wounds.
361:
separators, which concentrate it into a waxlike substance melting at approximately 38 °C (100 °F).
1290:
Clark, E. W.; Steel, I. (1993). Poster No. 2 (Report). Washington, DC: American
Academy of Dermatology.
562:
1575:
1307:
634:
The barrier repair properties of lanolin have been reported to be superior to those produced by both
417:
143:
586:
207:
163:
847:
822:
1154:
1111:
233:
999:
Agence
Nationale d'Accréditation et d'Évaluation en Santé (French Health Authority) (May 2022).
1442:
1419:
1203:
1146:
1103:
951:
794:
761:
723:
621:
551:
349:
Crude lanolin constitutes about 5–25% of the weight of freshly shorn wool. The wool from one
1529:
1495:
1446:
1230:
1193:
1185:
1138:
1095:
941:
786:
457:
449:
224:
of lanolin yields lanolin alcohols and lanolin acids. Lanolin alcohols are a rich source of
354:
1483:
869:
635:
593:
430:
421:
407:
191:
102:
47:
1565:
1403:
1198:
1173:
946:
929:
865:
571:
434:
358:
210:. Lanolin derivatives obtained from these processes are used widely in both high-value
195:
183:
113:
110:
369:
1554:
1501:
1489:
1476:
1429:
1234:
515:
497:
438:
199:
136:
117:
1158:
1115:
1409:
1189:
468:
350:
203:
1356:
790:
1415:
1351:
977:
527:
225:
215:
171:
1142:
1516:
1433:
507:
in the ammunition reloading process. Mixed warm 1:12 with highly concentrated
229:
221:
187:
155:
128:
31:
27:
Yellow waxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals
765:
410:
properties make it valuable in many applications as a lubricant grease where
1452:
1425:
885:
628:
607:
601:
547:
539:
504:
411:
402:
398:
394:
211:
122:
73:
1308:"Investigations into biomechanisms of the moisturizing function of lanolin"
1207:
1150:
1107:
955:
657:
17:
1001:"Allaitement maternel - Recommandations (Maternal breastfeeding - advice)"
503:
Lanolin is used as a primary lubricating component in aerosol-based brass
386:
the lack of research leads to the previous recommendations being primary.
67:
30:
This article is about the sheep grease. For the fictional characters, see
1510:
1392:
1099:
618:
475:
523:
519:
508:
490:
445:
131:(glycerol esters), it is not a true fat. Lanolin primarily consists of
389:
Lanolin is used commercially in many industrial products ranging from
1273:
597:
575:
479:
132:
627:
Skin bioengineering studies have shown the durational effect of the
558:
total pesticides, with no individual limit greater than 1 ppm.
546:
XXII published in 1992 was the first to specify limits for 34 named
154:
A typical high-purity grade of lanolin is composed predominantly of
1174:"Over the counter (OTC) artificial tear drops for dry eye syndrome"
1536:
368:
159:
63:
46:
1253:
Steel, I. (1994). "Lanolin
Allergy: Hype or Hypersensitivity?".
464:
397:. Some sailors use lanolin to create slippery surfaces on their
390:
167:
116:
that are raised specifically for their wool. Historically, many
106:
1365:
835:
quaternise: to convert (as an amine) into a quaternary compound
162:(approximately 97% by weight) with the remainder being lanolin
1469:
1361:
467:
garments to make them water and dirt repellent, such as for
1439:
228:(an important skin lipid) and are powerful water-in-oil
1058:
www.forespar.com/products/boat-lubricant-lanocote.shtml
1272:. 10th International Symposium on Contact Dermatitis.
600:
which help regulate the rate of water loss across the
420:
from lanolin is used as a raw material for producing
779:
Riemenschneider, W.; Bolt, H. M. "Esters, Organic".
456:. Anhydrous lanolin is also used as a lubricant for
109:-bearing animals. Lanolin used by humans comes from
1255:Journal of the National Eczema Society (Exchange)
1172:Pucker, A. D.; Ng, S. M.; Nichols, J. J. (2016).
1285:
1283:
1028:National Health Service (UK) (7 December 2020).
930:"Moisturizer allergy: Diagnosis and management"
893:American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
752:Barnett, G. (1986). "Lanolin and Derivatives".
713:
711:
709:
707:
782:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
1377:
1268:Steel, I.; White, I. R.; Beck, M. H. (1995).
1086:Holick, M. F (2007). "Vitamin D deficiency".
934:Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
923:
921:
514:Lanolin, when mixed with ingredients such as
482:. For some people, it can irritate the lips.
8:
1030:"Sore or cracked nipples when breastfeeding"
604:and govern the hydration state of the skin.
53:Centre touristique de la Laine et de la Mode
1315:Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists
928:Zirwas, M. J.; Stechschulte, S. A. (2008).
182:chemical and physical properties. The main
1384:
1370:
1362:
1301:
1299:
1297:
441:with lanolin is popularly used for this).
433:often use it to soften and break in their
1197:
945:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
1248:
1246:
1244:
444:Anhydrous liquid lanolin, combined with
238:
1178:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
648:
500:, particularly 'extra-firm' varieties.
485:Lanolin is sometimes used by people on
427:by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
542:residues. The Fifth Supplement of the
120:have referred to lanolin as wool fat (
7:
1328:from the original on 29 October 2016
854:from the original on 16 January 2021
672:from the original on 4 November 2021
864:Reaction of ammonia or amines with
487:continuous positive airway pressure
51:Wool fat tin (adeps lanae), at the
819:Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary
658:"Technological aspects of lanolin"
25:
1463:Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)
1131:European Journal of Ophthalmology
906:from the original on 13 July 2019
522:and glycerol, is used in various
496:Lanolin is a popular additive to
1306:Clark, E. W.; Steel, I. (1993).
1235:10.1046/j.1365-2133.147.s62.19.x
1067:from the original on 18 May 2018
615:Cross-polarised light microscopy
526:treatments, for example in some
463:Lanolin can also be restored to
1270:Dilemmas in Lanolin Sensitivity
1088:New England Journal of Medicine
884:Sengupta, Amit; Behera (2014).
1571:Non-petroleum based lubricants
1223:British Journal of Dermatology
1190:10.1002/14651858.CD009729.pub2
530:and in leather care products.
414:would otherwise be a problem.
1:
791:10.1002/14356007.a09_565.pub2
448:, has been used in trials as
127:); however, as lanolin lacks
611:scanning electron microscopy
662:Journal of Cosmetic Science
550:. A total limit of 40
544:United States Pharmacopoeia
101:, is a wax secreted by the
1592:
1143:10.1177/112067210701700202
754:Cosmetics & Toiletries
135:esters instead. Lanolin's
29:
1561:Animal glandular products
1399:
534:Standards and legislation
1459:Miscellaneous (E900–999)
1352:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
718:Hoppe, Udo, ed. (1999).
656:Malmstrom, Ivar (1949).
474:Lanolin is also used in
401:and stern gear to which
1008:Haute Autorité de Santé
785:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
722:. Hamburg: Beiersdorf.
563:European Pharmacopoeia
374:
313:Alpha-hydroxy anteiso
72:
66:
56:
372:
253:Alpha-hydroxy normal
242:Type of lanolic acid
190:, fractional solvent
50:
1100:10.1056/NEJMra070553
970:"HPA® Lanolin Cream"
578:and on open wounds.
418:7-Dehydrocholesterol
245:Carbon chain length
77:'oil'), also called
55:in Verviers, Belgium
1051:"MSDS for Lanocote"
587:Cosmetics Directive
234:alpha-hydroxy acids
1420:Acidity regulators
375:
283:Alpha-hydroxy iso
248:Number identified
57:
40:Sonic the Hedgehog
1546:
1545:
1453:Flavour enhancers
1447:anticaking agents
1357:Lanolin poisoning
1229:(Suppl. 62): 71.
478:products such as
342:
341:
16:(Redirected from
1583:
1530:polyethylene wax
1484:Improving agents
1477:Synthetic glazes
1386:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1312:
1303:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1005:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
976:. Archived from
966:
960:
959:
949:
925:
916:
915:
913:
911:
905:
890:
881:
875:
874:
861:
859:
844:
838:
837:
832:
830:
825:on 15 March 2012
821:. Archived from
811:
805:
804:
776:
770:
769:
749:
734:
733:
720:The Lanolin Book
715:
682:
681:
679:
677:
653:
458:brass instrument
450:artificial tears
431:Baseball players
373:Lanolin ointment
335:
334:
333:
325:
324:
305:
304:
303:
295:
294:
275:
274:
273:
265:
264:
239:
103:sebaceous glands
42:(IDW Publishing)
21:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1507:
1490:Packaging gases
1466:
1395:
1390:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1184:(2): CD009729.
1171:
1170:
1166:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1003:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
980:on 4 April 2015
968:
967:
963:
927:
926:
919:
909:
907:
903:
888:
883:
882:
878:
870:propylene oxide
857:
855:
846:
845:
841:
828:
826:
813:
812:
808:
801:
778:
777:
773:
751:
750:
737:
730:
717:
716:
685:
675:
673:
655:
654:
650:
645:
594:stratum corneum
536:
460:tuning slides.
435:baseball gloves
425:
408:water-repellent
367:
347:
332:
329:
328:
327:
323:
320:
319:
318:
316:
302:
299:
298:
297:
293:
290:
289:
288:
286:
272:
269:
268:
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:
256:
192:crystallisation
186:routes include
152:
45:
35:§ Lanolin Sheep
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1502:Foaming agents
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1437:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1396:
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1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1346:
1345:External links
1343:
1340:
1339:
1321:(4): 181–195.
1293:
1279:
1260:
1240:
1213:
1164:
1137:(2): 151–159.
1121:
1078:
1042:
1020:
991:
961:
917:
876:
866:ethylene oxide
848:"Alkoxylation"
839:
806:
800:978-3527306732
799:
771:
735:
728:
683:
647:
646:
644:
641:
617:has shown the
572:hypoallergenic
535:
532:
423:
366:
363:
346:
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340:
339:
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321:
314:
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309:
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291:
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261:
254:
250:
249:
246:
243:
216:skin treatment
208:quaternisation
196:esterification
184:derivatisation
151:
148:
118:pharmacopoeias
111:domestic sheep
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1417:
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1411:
1410:Preservatives
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
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1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:(3): 266–81.
1093:
1089:
1082:
1079:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1031:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1002:
995:
992:
979:
975:
971:
965:
962:
957:
953:
948:
943:
939:
935:
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867:
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849:
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788:
784:
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775:
772:
767:
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759:
755:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
736:
731:
729:9783931146054
725:
721:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
684:
671:
667:
663:
659:
652:
649:
642:
640:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
620:
619:multilamellar
616:
612:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
585:The European
583:
579:
577:
573:
567:
564:
561:In 2000, the
559:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:neatsfoot oil
512:
510:
506:
501:
499:
498:moustache wax
494:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
439:shaving cream
436:
432:
428:
426:
419:
415:
413:
409:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
383:
379:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
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1416:Antioxidants
1350:
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1318:
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1254:
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978:the original
974:lansinoh.com
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823:the original
818:
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596:lipids; the
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528:saddle soaps
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469:cloth diaper
462:
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393:coatings to
388:
384:
380:
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365:Applications
351:Merino sheep
348:
220:
204:alkoxylation
180:
176:
172:hydrocarbons
170:and lanolin
153:
144:integumental
141:
121:
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94:
91:sheep grease
90:
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71:'wool', and
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1576:By-products
1434:emulsifiers
1430:stabilisers
910:13 November
230:emulsifiers
226:cholesterol
150:Composition
99:wool grease
18:Adeps lanae
1555:Categories
1535:Esters of
1517:Montan wax
1511:L-cysteine
1504:(E990–999)
1498:(E950–969)
1496:Sweeteners
1492:(E930–949)
1486:(E920–929)
1479:(E910–919)
1472:(E900–909)
1455:(E600–699)
1449:(E500–599)
1443:regulators
1436:(E400–499)
1426:Thickeners
1422:(E300–399)
1412:(E200–299)
1406:(E100–199)
1332:29 October
984:1 December
676:4 November
643:References
636:petrolatum
548:pesticides
505:lubricants
399:propellers
395:lubricants
359:centrifuge
345:Production
222:Hydrolysis
218:products.
188:hydrolysis
166:, lanolin
156:long chain
129:glycerides
95:sheep yolk
33:U.S. Acres
1537:colophony
1528:Oxidised
1393:E numbers
766:0361-4387
760:: 21–44.
629:emollient
608:Cryogenic
602:epidermis
540:pesticide
452:to treat
422:vitamin D
412:corrosion
403:barnacles
391:rustproof
212:cosmetics
83:wool yolk
1323:Archived
1208:26905373
1159:36508740
1151:17415686
1116:18566028
1108:17634462
1062:Archived
956:21212847
901:Archived
852:Archived
850:. BASF.
670:Archived
622:vesicles
491:nostrils
476:lip balm
471:covers.
446:parabens
164:alcohols
87:wool wax
79:wool fat
1523:Lanolin
1404:Colours
1199:5045033
947:3016930
524:leather
520:beeswax
509:ethanol
465:woollen
454:dry eye
60:Lanolin
1539:(E915)
1532:(E914)
1525:(E913)
1519:(E912)
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598:lipids
576:eczema
480:Carmex
160:esters
133:sterol
114:breeds
62:(from
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1566:Waxes
1470:Waxes
1326:(PDF)
1311:(PDF)
1155:S2CID
1112:S2CID
1065:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
1004:(PDF)
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889:(PDF)
668:(4).
355:suint
168:acids
158:waxy
125:lanae
123:adeps
97:, or
74:oleum
64:Latin
1334:2016
1204:PMID
1182:2016
1147:PMID
1104:PMID
1073:2018
1037:2023
1015:2023
986:2014
952:PMID
912:2018
860:2011
831:2011
795:ISBN
762:ISSN
724:ISBN
678:2021
214:and
206:and
107:wool
68:lāna
1231:doi
1227:147
1194:PMC
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