90:"Further, as a multidimensional instrument, which taps several domains of personality, the ACL affords an appraisal of positive as well as negative factors in human behavior, thus avoiding the frequently found preoccupation with psychopathological bases of political activity. Additionally, as an established standardized, and quantitative assessment procedure, the ACL reduces the problems of reliability and comparability entailed in studies relying on interviews or on ad hoc, limited use or abbreviated personality measures” (Constantini & Craik, 1980, p. 645).
93:"We propose that the Gough-Heilbrun Adjective Check List is another broad-range instrument with considerable promise as a general cross-cultural research tool. The argument is based on: the nature of the task, which seems appropriate in many cultural settings; the versatility of the method in addressing a variety of research questions; the fact that the instrument has been translated into many different languages; and the successful use of the method in recent cross-cultural studies" (Williams & Best, 1983, p. 164).
64:(5 scales), and origence-intellectence (4 scales). To complete the ACL, respondents select the adjectives that they believe describe themselves (or someone else). Any number of items may be selected from the list of adjectives. In this way, the results are customized to include only those adjectives salient to the individual being assessed. The ACL takes between 10-15 minutes to complete and may be administered to individuals, groups, or used by
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87:"The ACL offers several advantages. It is self-administering, may be completed in 10 to 15 minutes, arouses little resistance or anxiety, and has proved useful in studies of highly effective persons in occupations other than politics such as architecture, mathematics, law, medicine, and management.
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The origence-intellectence scales assess the balance between preferences for affective-emotional and rational-realistic models of functioning. These were identified as important by George S. Welsh's creativity and intelligence research.
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The ACL scales were realigned in 2012 by Rob Devine in consultation with Gough to highlight how collections of characteristics, skills, and competencies impact success at work. This realignment, called
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The ACL consists of 37 scales within 5 categories: modus operandi (4 scales), need (15 scales), topical (9 scales), transactional analysis (5 scales), and origence-intellectence (4 scales).
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Williams, J. E., & Best, D. L. (1983). The Gough-Heilbrun
Adjective Check List as a cross-cultural research tool. In J.B Deregowski, S. Dziurawiec, & R.C. Annis (Eds.)
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Rationality and analysis (intellectence) valued more highly than feelings and emotion (origence). High scores suggest logicality, industriousness, and cognitive clarity.
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Feelings and emotion (high origence) valued more highly than detachment and rationality (low intellectence). High scores suggest informality, vitality, and playfulness.
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Welsh, G. S. (1977). Personality correlates of intelligence and creativity in gifted adolescents. In J.C. Stanley, W.C. George, & C.H. Solano (Eds.),
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High value placed on both affect (origence) and rationality (intellectence). High scores suggest versatility, unconventionality, and individuality.
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and Alfred B. Heilbrun, Jr. with the goal to assess psychological traits of an individual. The ACL measures 37 scales within 5 categories:
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No particular value placed on either origence or intellectence. High scores suggest contentment, conventionality, and optimism.
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Readiness to accept counseling or professional advice in regard to personal problems, psychological difficulties, and the like.
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The transactional analysis scales - an egogram - assess components of ego functioning. These were identified as important by
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Attitudes of deference, conformity, and self-discipline associated with the concept of an "adapted" or very dutiful child.
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Attitudes of playfulness, impulsivity, self-centeredness associated with the concept of a "free" or very expressive child.
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Good adjustment in the sense of the ability to cope with situational and interpersonal demands and a feeling of efficacy.
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To seek and maintain a role as leader in groups, or to be influential and controlling in individual relationships.
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Steadiness, self-discipline, good judgment of the kind required in positions of military (or related) leadership.
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Role-qualities such as ambition, assertiveness, and initiative associated with everyday notions of masculinity.
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Constantini, E., & Craik, K. H. (1980). Personality and politicians: California party leaders, 1960-1976.
576:(USAF WADC Tech. Rep. 58-9, ASTIA Doc. No. AD 151 050). Lackland Air Force Base, Texas: Personnel Laboratory.
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The ACL was first developed in the early days of the
Institute of Personality Assessment and Research at the
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Attitudes of independence, objectivity, and industriousness associated with the concept of a "mature adult."
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Role-qualities such as helpfulness, sympathy, and affection associated with everyday notions of femininity.
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The need scales assess an individual's psychological needs or wants. These were identified as important in
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scales assess ways in which the individual approached the task of describing themselves (or someone else).
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To seek the company of and derive emotional satisfaction from interactions with peers of the opposite sex.
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An assessment study of Air Force officers, Part 1: Design of the study and description of the variables
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MacKinnon, D. W., Crutchfield, R. S., Barron, F., Block, J., Gough, H. G., & Harris, R. E. (1958).
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Attitudes of evaluation, severity, and skepticism associated with the concept of a "critical parent."
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Chapel Hill, North
Carolina: Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina.
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Attitudes of support, stability, and acceptance associated with the concept of a "nurturing parent."
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The topical scales assess a diverse set of attributes, potentialities, and role characteristics.
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Correspondence of responses to the pattern of checking typically found among people-in-general.
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Gough, H. G. (1960). The
Adjective Check List as a personality assessment research technique.
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Heilbrun, A. B., Jr., & Sullivan, D. J. (1962). The prediction of counseling readiness.
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Strong sense of personal worth; or, harmony between what one is and what one wants to be.
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To express feelings of inferiority through self-criticism, guilt, or social impotence.
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To place special emphasis on neatness, organization, and planning in one's activities.
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The desire to do and think differently from the norm, and a talent for originality.
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To engage in attempts to understand one's own behavior or the behavior of others.
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Gough, H. G. 1979. A creative personality scale for the
Adjective Check List.
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To engage in behaviors that provide material or emotional benefits to others.
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To strive to be outstanding in pursuits of socially recognized significance.
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To behave in such a way as to elicit the immediate attention of others.
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To seek and maintain subordinate roles in relationships with others.
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To act independently of others or of social values and expectations.
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The number of unfavorable (socially undesirable) adjectives checked.
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To solicit sympathy, affection, or emotional support from others.
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The number of favorable (socially desirable) adjectives checked.
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Psychological assessment using 300 adjectives for common traits
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The extent to which self-control is imposed, and valued.
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to describe study participants. The ACL is protected by
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The gifted and the creative: A fifty-year perspective.
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Creativity and intelligence: A personality approach.
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To seek and maintain numerous personal friendships.
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454:(1983 ed.). Palo Alto, CA: CPP, Inc.
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