356:
106:
124:
352:, which consisted of four vertical rows of fan-shaped leaf-like organs (sporophylls), each with a stalked sporangium on the side facing the stem (adaxial). The flattened sporangia were almost round and split (dehisced) along a distally thickened margin into two equal parts. The sporophylls may have had vascular tissue.
700:
Other researchers have concluded that the mixture of relatively 'primitive' vascular tissue and 'advanced' sporophylls suggests that the genus evolved separately from the lycopsids, so that its taxonomic placement is uncertain.
721:
Li, C.-S. & Edwards, D. (1992), "A new genus of early land plants with novel strobilar construction from the Lower
Devonian Posongchong Formation of Yunnan Province, China",
344:
grow. A unique feature of this genus among plants of similar age is the manner in which the sporangia (spore-forming organs) were borne. Fertile stems had terminal '
1003:
274:
943:
990:
911:
The early
Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan: a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and early diversification of vascular plants
316:
consisted of leafless stems (axes), approximately 1 to 2.5 mm in diameter. These branched equally or unequally (pseudomonopodially). Its
1041:
919:
1036:
1031:
374:, was described in 2011. The species differ in size overall; for example, the largest strobili found were 90 mm long in
123:
780:
382:. The relative size of the sporophylls and the sporangia is also different: they were roughly the same height in
781:"Diversity in affinities of plants with lateral sporangia from the Lower Devonian of Sichuan Province, China"
958:
355:
273:). The plant was first described in 1977 based on fossil specimens from the Posongchong Formation,
888:
803:
118:
105:
1008:
915:
880:
561:
321:
870:
841:
795:
762:
317:
749:
Zhu, Xiao; Xue, Jin-Zhuang; Hao, Shou-Gang & Wang, De-Ming (2011), "A new species of
828:
Hao, Shougang; Wang, Deming & Beck, Charles B. (2003), "Observations on anatomy of
654:
639:
633:
526:
499:
477:
414:
301:
279:
263:
259:
148:
32:
845:
1025:
909:
807:
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602:
555:
63:
861:
Crane, P.R.; Herendeen, P. & Friis, E.M. (2004), "Fossils and plant phylogeny",
892:
799:
766:
584:
567:
518:
493:
410:
403:
386:, whereas the sporangia were a half to a third of the height of the sporophylls in
337:
297:
190:
596:
38:
981:
545:
440:
406:
333:
289:
83:
48:
832:
from the
Posongchong Formation (Pragian, Lower Devonian) of Yunnan, China",
424:
345:
293:
161:
88:
884:
875:
753:
from the Lower
Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation of Yunnan, China",
975:
590:
578:
539:
471:
329:
78:
73:
58:
53:
43:
995:
533:
93:
68:
359:
Reconstruction showing the form of the strobilus of the extinct plant
487:
268:
952:
354:
349:
325:
255:
135:
341:
956:
336:
initially had coiled (circinnate) tips, consistent with other "
348:', structures very superficially resembling an ear of
284:; later the species was transferred to a new genus as
398:
A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places
312:
Like other Early
Devonian plants, the sporophyte of
300:. Other researchers regard its placement within the
965:
947:
716:
714:
823:
821:
819:
817:
744:
742:
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332:. Fossils suggest that stems which did not bear
320:was relatively simple, consisting of a central (
434:
417:(living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).
364:
277:, Yunnan, China. These were originally named
240:(Li & Cai (1977)) Li & Edwards (1992)
204:(Li & Cai (1977)) Li & Edwards (1992)
8:
908:Hao, Shougang & Xue, Jinzhuang (2013),
856:
854:
732:
953:
914:, Beijing: Science Press, pp. 55โ56,
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340:", and similar to the way in which modern
104:
20:
874:
710:
834:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
788:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
779:Dianne Edwards; Cheng-Sen Li (2018).
755:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
506:Z. llanoveranum, Z. fertile
16:Extinct genus of spore-bearing plants
7:
624:
456:
430:
420:
14:
948:Crane, Herendeen & Friis 2004
628: โ basal groups
460: โ basal groups
292:analysis suggested that it is a
122:
830:Adoketophyton subverticillatum
800:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.07.002
767:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2011.01.003
378:, but only 17 mm long in
286:Adoketophyton subverticillatum
199:Adoketophyton subverticillatum
1:
846:10.1016/S0034-6667(03)00119-2
184:C.S.Li & D.Edwards (1992)
1042:Prehistoric lycophyte genera
661:extant and extinct members
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863:American Journal of Botany
733:Hao, Wang & Beck 2003
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119:Scientific classification
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271: million years ago
266:(Pragian stage, around
231:Edwards & Li (2018)
1037:Prehistoric lycophytes
876:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1683
367:
361:Adoketophyton parvulum
324:) cylinder of primary
1032:Early Devonian plants
574:B. citrulliforme
358:
517: โ 'core'
409:of broadly defined "
388:A. subverticillatum
376:A. subverticillatum
237:A. subverticillatum
502: myretonianum
370:A second species,
368:
1019:
1018:
959:Taxon identifiers
921:978-7-03-036616-0
697:
696:
688:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
562:Protobarinophyton
296:, related to the
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222:Zhu et al. (2011)
185:
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840:(3โ4): 175โ186,
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770:
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761:(3โ4): 238โ246,
746:
735:
730:
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625:
457:
431:
421:
413:", basal to the
282:subverticillatum
275:Wenshan district
272:
239:
230:
228:A. pingyipuensis
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176:
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127:
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35:
29:Temporal range:
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869:(10): 1683โ99,
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827:
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748:
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365:Zhu et al. 2011
318:vascular tissue
310:
302:vascular plants
267:
260:vascular plants
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113:Reconstruction
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642: deciduum
640:Zosterophyllum
629:
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570: obscurum
527:Zosterophyllum
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500:Zosterophyllum
478:Distichophytum
461:
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449:
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304:as uncertain.
280:Zosterophyllum
264:Early Devonian
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33:Early Devonian
28:
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967:Adoketophyton
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751:Adoketophyton
745:
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723:Palaeontology
717:
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609:Crenaticaulis
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603:Serrulacaulis
599:
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593:
592:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
569:
564:
563:
558:
557:
556:Thrinkophyton
552:
548:
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541:
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520:
519:zosterophylls
516:
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466:Adoketophyton
459:
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442:
433:
432:
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418:
416:
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411:zosterophylls
408:
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400:Adoketophyton
393:
391:
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381:
377:
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366:
362:
357:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:zosterophylls
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:Adoketophyton
307:
305:
303:
299:
298:zosterophylls
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
276:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
251:Adoketophyton
238:
234:
229:
225:
220:
216:
215:
213:
208:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
181:
180:
179:Adoketophyton
173:
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149:Tracheophytes
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34:
26:
25:Adoketophyton
22:
19:
966:
925:, retrieved
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862:
837:
833:
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660:
638:
632:
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585:Deheubarthia
583:
577:
573:
568:Barinophyton
566:
560:
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538:
532:
525:
524:
505:
498:
492:
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482:
476:
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439:
437:
404:paraphyletic
399:
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383:
379:
375:
371:
369:
360:
328:with G-type
313:
311:
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236:
227:
218:
198:
197:
191:Type species
178:
177:
155:
142:
24:
18:
731:, cited in
597:Anisophyton
529:divaricatum
384:A. parvulum
380:A. parvulum
372:A. parvulum
363:, based on
308:Description
258:of extinct
219:A. parvulum
1026:Categories
927:2019-10-25
794:: 98โ111.
705:References
546:Gosslingia
441:Hicklingia
425:lycophytes
407:stem group
162:Lycophytes
944:Cladogram
808:135201524
729:: 257โ272
655:lycopsids
415:lycopsids
394:Phylogeny
334:sporangia
330:tracheids
322:centrarch
294:lycophyte
290:cladistic
164: (?)
132:Kingdom:
982:Q4684025
976:Wikidata
885:21652317
657:
591:Konioria
579:Sawdonia
540:Oricilla
521:
483:Rebuchia
472:Discalis
346:strobili
210:Species
1009:1079746
996:4886161
893:8493380
653:
534:Tarella
438:โ
262:of the
171:Genus:
136:Plantae
918:
891:
883:
806:
634:Nothia
488:Gumuia
288:. One
1004:IRMNG
946:from
889:S2CID
804:S2CID
784:(PDF)
402:in a
350:wheat
342:ferns
326:xylem
256:genus
254:is a
156:Clade
143:Clade
991:GBIF
916:ISBN
881:PMID
551:Hsua
494:Huia
39:Pre๊
871:doi
842:doi
838:127
796:doi
792:258
763:doi
759:164
485:),
269:410
1028::
1006::
993::
978::
900:^
887:,
879:,
867:91
865:,
853:^
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816:^
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790:.
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491:,
481:(=
475:,
469:,
390:.
158::
145::
89:Pg
873::
844::
810:.
798::
765::
235:โ
226:โ
217:โ
175:โ
94:N
84:K
79:J
74:T
69:P
64:C
59:D
54:S
49:O
44:๊
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