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in 1935: "For his life of splendid public service, begun on March 27, 1844, having enlisted as a private in the U.S. Army on July 26, 1861, and by successive promotions was commissioned as major general
February 10, 1906, and retired by operation of law on his 64th birthday."
692:
Greely and the other survivors were near death; one died on the homeward journey. They were venerated as heroes, though the heroism was temporarily tainted by sensational accusations of cannibalism, which Greely denied. An exhibition on the Greely expedition was part of the
768:
Greely's innovations as Chief Signal
Officer led to the Army's fielding of wireless telegraphy, airplanes, motorized automobiles and trucks, and other modern equipment. He represented the United States at the 1903 International Telegraph Congress in
673:
arrived on June 22, 1884, 18 of Greely's 25 men had perished from starvation, drowning, hypothermia, and, in one case, a gunshot from the execution of a soldier ordered by Greely as punishment for repeatedly stealing food.
627:
expecting to find food and equipment left by the supply ships, but these had not been provided. With winter setting in Greely and his men were forced to remain at Cape Sabine with inadequate rations and little fuel.
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1910:
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explorations. The expedition ran short of food and several resupply and rescue missions were unsuccessful, and by the time Greely and his men were rescued in 1884, there were only six survivors.
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The six survivors of the U.S. Army's Greely Arctic expedition with their U.S. Navy rescuers, at
Upernavik, Greenland, 2–3 July 1884. Probably photographed on board the USS
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374:, on March 27, 1844, the son of John Balch Greeley and Frances Dunn Cobb Greely. He was educated in Newburyport and was an 1860 graduate of Brown High School (now
30:
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917:, located 100 miles southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska, was named for Greely in 1942. An earlier Fort Greely, also named for Adolphus Greely, was located on
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in
February 1891, Greely became president, and he served until the end of 1892. Greely was a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the
558:. The expedition also was commissioned by the US government to collect astronomical and polar magnetic data, which was carried out by the astronomer
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in 1882 and 1883. In accordance with his instructions, Greely decided in August 1883 to abandon Fort Conger and travel south. His team reached
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796:. As commander of the Northern Division, Greely was responsible for negotiating an end to the 1905-1906 Ute Rebellion. Greely commanded the
576:. Greely was without previous Arctic experience, but he and his party succeeded in discovering and exploring much of the coast of northwest
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331:. As Signal chief, he was responsible for creating and maintaining the worldwide communications networks required during and after the
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In 1878, Greely married
Henrietta Nesmith, and they remained married until her death in 1918. Henrietta Greely was a member of the
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639:. (22: Adolphus Greely, 23: Julius Frederick, 24: David L. Brainard, 25: Henry Bierderbick, 26: Maurice Connell, 27: Francis Long
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In retirement, Greely authored numerous magazine articles and books on his Arctic experiences. In March 1935, he was awarded the
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After the war, Greely accepted a second lieutenant's commission in the regular army. In 1881, he was appointed to command the
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During the Civil War, Greely was wounded twice, once at the Battle of
Glendale, and once at the Battle of Antietam. When the
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1079:) to receive the award for lifetime achievement rather than for acts of physical courage at the risk of one's own life.
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1630:'England's Present to America; The Steam-Ship Alert for the Greely Search Expedition' 4/23/1884 New York Times. (via
761:
consisting of nearly 4,000 mi (6,400 km) of submarine cables, land cables and 107 mi (172 km) of
757:, 10,200 mi (16,400 km). Greely also oversaw construction under adverse conditions a telegraph system for
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898:
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781:. As an expert on the telegraph, Greely worked on some of the first international telecommunication treaties.
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was created in 1932, Greely received the medal with an oak leaf cluster in recognition of his wounds.
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1997:
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flood control projects. In addition, he oversaw planning, construction, and maintenance of several
4663:
2337:. Vol. 79, Part 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3933 – via
2124:
1934:
1788:. Vol. 79, Part 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3861 – via
1343:. Vol. I. Washington, DC: Men of Mark Publishing Company. 1905. pp. 396–400 – via
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Greely's party ran into difficulty when two supply parties failed to reach Greely's encampment at
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124:
1099:
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Adolphus (1889–1956), an engineer and Army veteran of World War I who attained the rank of major
600:
during a dog sledding exploration to the interior of northern
Ellesmere Island and named it the
461:
on 14 July 1869 after the 36th
Infantry was disbanded. Greely was detailed for service with the
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Canada's
Forgotten Arctic Hero: George Rice and the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition, 1881–1884
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1777:
593:
472:, Greely was recognized as an expert weather forecaster. His efforts helped establish the
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804:
in late 1907 and early 1908. In 1908, Greely reached the mandatory retirement age of 64.
418:
promotion to major in recognition of his meritorious service. He was mustered out of the
343:
in
February 1906. In April 1906, he was assigned to command relief efforts following the
2454:
1420:. Vol. I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 473 – via
542:
The Explorers of Lady Franklin Bay prior to departure in 1881. Photograph by Moses Rice.
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2002:
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481:
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263:
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202:
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765:, which at the time was the longest regularly working commercial system in the world.
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2016:
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698:
681:
601:
2071:
957:. The Greelys were the parents of seven children, of whom six lived to adulthood:
347:. Greely left the Army in 1908 after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64.
1807:
1415:
812:
In 1890, Greely was a founding member of the District of Columbia Society of the
5610:
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5458:
5276:
5063:
4851:
4226:
4158:
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3779:
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2778:
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2131:. Washington, DC: Daughters of the American Revolution. p. 235 – via
988:
978:
884:
836:
754:
746:
714:
648:
624:
616:
438:
221:
1618:
5409:
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5138:
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3612:
3338:
3266:
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2601:
1832:(Second ed.). New York, NY: L. R. Hamersly. 1901. p. 69 – via
1227:
609:
493:
485:
473:
379:
278:
2475:
1809:
Register of the District of Columbia Society, Sons of the American Revolution
1106:. His attendance at George V's coronation was commemorated with award of the
737:
of the Army, he oversaw construction, operation, and maintenance of numerous
425:
During his Civil War service, Greely took part in several battles, including
4931:
3768:
3320:
3103:
738:
577:
2368:
2148:"Report of the National Society of the Children of the American Revolution"
925:. With Kodiak Naval Operating Base and Fort Abercrombie, it is now part of
465:
from 1871 to 1880, and he was promoted to first lieutenant on 27 May 1873.
390:. Over the next two years he worked his way up the enlisted ranks to first
2042:
1700:. Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. pp. 185–187 – via
1437:"Ghosts of Cape Sabine: the harrowing true story of the Greely expedition"
1417:
Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789 to 1903
526:
4863:
2464:
2154:. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 315 – via
1895:. Washington, DC: Cosmos Club of Washington, DC. p. 309 – via
1829:
Companions of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
1485:
The Arctic Grail: The Quest for the North West Passage and the North Pole
2049:. Delta Junction, AK: Delta Junction: Official End of the Alaska Highway
1497:
Geographical Items on North Greenland Encyclopedia Arctica 14: Greenland
729:
appointed him as Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army with the rank of
354:
in recognition of "his life of splendid public service." Greely died in
5490:
4870:
3657:
3135:
3111:
3099:
961:
Antoinette (1879–1968), a social worker who never married and lived in
709:
1874:. Washington, DC: Costigan and Costello. 1902. p. 32 – via
1854:. Boston, MA: The Register Company. May 1896. p. 326 – via
3736:
3061:
1871:
Official Programme: Grand Army of the Republic 36th Annual Encampment
1740:
The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars
922:
778:
770:
758:
654:
313:
2513:
437:. From 1865 to 1867, Greely took part in the post-war occupation of
378:). After having been rejected twice, on 26 July 1861, he joined the
2460:
3122:
966:
940:
708:
676:
630:
537:
525:
501:
2098:
1576:
Arctic Explorations and Discoveries During the Nineteenth Century
1102:
in 1886. In 1886, Greely also received the Roquette Medal of the
1439:. Arctic Institute of North America of the University of Calgary
816:(SAR) and was elected vice president. Upon the death of Admiral
750:
4313:
2555:
2517:
2383:
Abandoned: the story of the Greely Arctic Expedition, 1881–1884
1892:
The Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Founding of the Cosmos Club
406:
in the 81st United States Colored Infantry. He was promoted to
2375:
Powell, Theodore: "The Long Rescue", W.H. Allen, London, 1961.
2001:. Washington, DC. October 21, 1935. pp. 1, 3 – via
1717:""Farthest North": An Arctic Tableau at the 1893 World's Fair"
1514:. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary Press. p. 197.
971:
Adola (1881–1961), the wife of Reverend Charles Lawrence Adams
929:
and one of eight national historic landmarks that commemorate
319:
In March 1887, Greely was serving as a captain when President
2404:
The coldest crucible: Arctic exploration and American culture
2201:"Adolphus W. Greely (1844–1935) Papers, 1844–1871; 1908–1909"
1579:. New York: John W. Lovell Company. p. 618 – via
792:. In 1906, he commanded the relief effort that followed the
2078:. Kodiak, AK: Kodiak Military History Museum. May 16, 2014
1848:"Celebrations and Proceedings: Society of the War of 1812"
1812:. Washington, DC: W. F. Roberts. p. viii – via
546:
In 1881, First Lieutenant Greely was named to command the
2331:"Medal of Honor for Maj. Gen. Adolphus Washington Greely"
1941:. New York, NY. October 28, 1905. p. 18 – via
1743:. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO. p. 259.
713:
Greely receives the Medal of Honor from Secretary of War
2232:. Mt. Pleasant, SC: Congressional Medal of Honor Society
592:
achieved a new "farthest north" record of 83° 23' 8" on
2253:"How to earn a Medal of Honor for lifetime achievement"
2108:. San Diego, CA. March 16, 1918. p. 1 – via
1545:. Calgary, Alberta: Rocky Mountain Books. p. 133.
953:
and one of the founding vice presidents general of the
822:
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States
985:
who attained the rank of brigadier general in the Army
905:, a 20th-century transport ship operated first by the
800:
in 1907. His terminal assignment was commander of the
1645:"Surrounded by Ice: The Lady Franklin Bay Expedition"
997:
Gertrude (1891–1969), the wife of Dr. G. Harold Shedd
843:. In 1905, he was selected as the first president of
661:), was sent to rescue the Greely party. By the time
16:
American polar explorer and army general (1844–1935)
5291:
5022:
4609:
4349:
3722:
3253:
3098:
2596:
1511:
Muskox Land: Ellesmere Island in the Age of Contact
228:
216:
208:
198:
176:
148:
138:
130:
113:
97:
85:
68:
48:
40:
21:
5675:Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
2380:
2097:
1935:"Personal Matters: Brigadier General A. W. Greely"
1251:List of Medal of Honor recipients during Peacetime
449:He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the
2387:. Fairbanks, Alaska: University of Alaska Press.
2175:. Boulder, CO: American Alpine Club. p. 25.
2152:U.S. Senate Documents: 57th Congress, 2nd Session
684:image of the Greely expedition exhibition at the
273:, and an 1860 graduate of Brown High School (now
2425:. Madison, Wisconsin: Univ. of Wisconsin Press.
2355:Ellsberg, Edward: "Hell on Ice", New York, 1936.
2226:"Medal of Honor Recipients: Adolphus W. Greely"
2076:Crusty Old Joe's Kodiak Alaska Military History
1392:. Carlisle, PA: Army Heritage Center Foundation
468:With the Signal Corps, which also included the
305:in recognition of his wartime accomplishments.
250:(March 27, 1844 – October 20, 1935) was a
5695:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution
1651:. Carlile, PA: Army Heritage Center Foundation
1542:Not Won in a Day: Climbing Canada's Highpoints
1487:. Toronto: Random House of Canada Ltd., p. 437
847:. In 1911, Greely represented the Army at the
5715:Members of the American Philosophical Society
2529:
2129:Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine
414:on 4 April 1865. After the war he received a
312:, a 25-man expedition organized to carry out
297:in 1865. At the end of the war he received a
8:
5710:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
1692:Shattuck, George B., ed. (August 21, 1884).
1671:"American Experience: The Greely Expedition"
1155:, 81st U.S. Colored Infantry – 18 March 1863
5685:Non-combat recipients of the Medal of Honor
1435:Guttridge, Leonard F. (September 1, 2000).
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1197:First Lieutenant, 5th Cavalry – 27 May 1873
402:On 18 March 1863, he was commissioned as a
212:Henrietta Nesmith (m. 1878-1918, her death)
4323:
4310:
2565:
2552:
2536:
2522:
2514:
2482:
2453:
1782:"Address to the House: Adolphus W. Greely"
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1281:The Polar Regions in the Twentieth Century
839:. In 1904, he was elected a member of the
572:The expedition sailed on the steamship SS
496:lines, including lines in remote areas of
457:on 7 March 1867 and was reassigned to the
29:
18:
2066:
2064:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1732:
1730:
1597:. Breton Books, Wreck Cove, Nova Scotia.
1465:. Boston, MA: WGBH Educational Foundation
1409:
1407:
991:(1887–1969), a noted landscape architect.
784:On February 10, 1906, he was promoted to
775:International Wireless Telegraph Congress
753:, 3,000 mi (4,800 km); and the
5594:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
1964:25 Brave Men: Tales of an Arctic Journey
1801:
1799:
863:, on October 20, 1935. He was buried at
569:, lost in the Arctic two years earlier.
358:, on October 20, 1935. He was buried at
5169:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2123:Denniston, Eliza Olver (October 1915).
1698:The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
1613:Schley, Winfield S Commander, US Navy
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1293:
1126:Greely's effective dates of rank were:
5690:People from Newburyport, Massachusetts
5660:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
2361:Genealogy of the Greely-Greeley family
1993:"Gen. A. W. Greely, Arctic Hero, Dies"
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1275:Reminiscences of Adventure and Service
5720:Military personnel from Massachusetts
2017:"USNS General A.W. Greely (T-AP-141)"
1967:. Tucson, AZ: Wheatmark. p. 11.
1135:19th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
721:In June 1886, Greely was promoted to
157:Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army
7:
5680:National Geographic Society founders
2206:. Peabody Essex Museum. January 2012
1414:Heitman, Francis B. Heitman (1903).
1386:"Fire & Ice: Adolphus W. Greely"
1075:Greely was the second person (after
951:Daughters of the American Revolution
388:19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
4955:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3152:Norse colonization of North America
2406:. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
2125:"Ready Reference D.A.R. Chronology"
1200:Captain, 5th Cavalry – 11 June 1886
955:Children of the American Revolution
911:Military Sea Transportation Service
4484:United States Exploring Expedition
2363:. Boston: Mass: F. Wood, printer.
2301:"Charles P. Daly Medal Recipients"
2099:"Mrs. Greely Dies at Eastern Home"
1459:"Members of the Greely Expedition"
974:Baby boy (1881–1881), Adola's twin
835:Greely was member of Washington's
826:General Society of the War of 1812
643:A rescue expedition, led by Capt.
285:. He received his commission as a
14:
5558:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4926:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
2499:Works by or about Adolphus Greely
2309:The American Geographical Society
2279:"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"
1723:. The World's Fair: Chicago 1893.
5452:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4845:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2468:
2259:. Palo Alto, CA: Mighty Networks
1737:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2009).
1617:Washington Printing Office (via
1230:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1022:
1012:
867:. Honorary pallbearers included
749:, 800 miles (1,300 kilometers);
232:
118:
102:
5665:Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army
2169:Putnam, William Lowell (2001).
1806:Rhees, William J., ed. (1896).
977:John (1885–1965), a veteran of
814:Sons of the American Revolution
808:Civic and fraternal memberships
1889:Committee on Printing (1904).
1108:King George V Coronation Medal
841:American Philosophical Society
824:. He was also a member of the
580:. The expedition also crossed
277:), in 1861 he enlisted in the
1:
4831:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4766:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2508:The Papers of Adolphus Greely
2451:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1615:1884 Greely Relief Expedition
1263:Three Years of Arctic Service
1112:American Geographical Society
5188:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
5004:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4810:French Antarctic Expeditions
4740:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4626:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2744:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
2510:at Dartmouth College Library
2281:. Royal Geographical Society
2251:Davis, Paul (May 11, 2021).
1852:American Historical Register
788:and assigned to command the
697:in 1893 and was captured on
596:. In 1882, Greely sighted a
548:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
522:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
516:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
323:appointed him as the Army's
310:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
289:in 1863 and was promoted to
153:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
5705:United States Army generals
4273:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3952:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2817:Andrée's balloon expedition
2467:(public domain audiobooks)
1721:Worlds Fair Chicago1893.com
1110:. In 1922, he received the
909:and later the Army and the
865:Arlington National Cemetery
849:coronation of King George V
741:lines during and after the
725:. In March 1887, President
488:Rivers, which facilitated
360:Arlington National Cemetery
262:and was a recipient of the
91:Arlington National Cemetery
5736:
3474:Franklin's lost expedition
3174:Christian IV's expeditions
1096:Royal Geographical Society
830:Grand Army of the Republic
798:Department of the Columbia
519:
372:Newburyport, Massachusetts
271:Newburyport, Massachusetts
258:. He attained the rank of
243:Adolphus Washington Greely
167:Department of the Columbia
62:Newburyport, Massachusetts
44:Adolphus Washington Greely
4326:
4322:
4309:
3828:Great Northern Expedition
3504:Rae–Richardson expedition
2704:British Arctic Expedition
2568:
2564:
2551:
2023:. NavSource Naval History
1062:Spanish War Service Medal
873:Charles McKinley Saltzman
339:. Greely was promoted to
28:
5112:British Antarctic Survey
5106:Captain Arturo Prat Base
4351:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2490:Works by Adolphus Greely
2476:Works by Adolphus Greely
2461:Works by Adolphus Greely
2447:Works by Adolphus Greely
2421:Waterman, Laura (2006).
2402:Robinson, M. F. (2006).
1715:Scott (March 22, 2021).
1178:United States Volunteers
1042:Civil War Campaign Medal
913:, was named for Greely.
794:San Francisco earthquake
556:International Polar Year
410:on 26 April 1864 and to
345:San Francisco earthquake
5670:Explorers of the Arctic
5588:Pole of inaccessibility
5251:Antarctic Treaty System
3592:2nd Grinnell expedition
2359:Greeley, G. H. (1905).
1571:Smucker, Samuel Mosheim
1483:Berton, Pierre (1988).
1219:Retired – 27 March 1908
1094:Greely was awarded the
927:Coast Guard Base Kodiak
893:Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
733:. During his tenure as
584:from east to west, and
376:Newburyport High School
337:Philippine–American War
275:Newburyport High School
193:Philippine–American War
1961:Urness, James (2014).
1939:Army and Navy Register
1340:Men of Mark in America
946:
718:
689:
640:
604:. He also sighted the
543:
535:
451:36th Infantry Regiment
5258:Transglobe Expedition
5157:Operation Deep Freeze
4566:Challenger expedition
3432:Coppermine expedition
2953:Drifting ice stations
1539:Bennett, Jack (199).
1116:Charles P. Daly Medal
1104:Societe de Geographie
1052:Indian Campaign Medal
944:
712:
680:
645:Winfield Scott Schley
634:
541:
529:
2379:Todd, A. L. (2001).
2335:Congressional Record
2329:U.S. Senate (1935).
2146:U.S. Senate (1903).
1915:search.amphilsoc.org
1911:"APS Member History"
1786:Congressional Record
1208:Chief Signal Officer
1067:Greely received the
901:General A. W. Greely
802:Department of Dakota
743:Spanish–American War
735:Chief Signal Officer
695:Columbian Exposition
686:Columbian Exposition
590:David Legge Brainard
459:5th Cavalry Regiment
333:Spanish–American War
325:Chief Signal Officer
189:Spanish–American War
185:American Indian Wars
171:Department of Dakota
5700:Union Army officers
5428:South magnetic pole
4094:Brusilov expedition
3203:Danish colonization
2641:North magnetic pole
2105:The San Diego Union
1508:Dick, Lyle (2001).
1463:American Experience
1190:Second Lieutenant,
1183:Second Lieutenant,
1077:Frederick W. Gerber
763:wireless telegraphy
606:Innuitian Mountains
386:, enlisting in the
370:Greely was born in
5655:American explorers
5119:Operation Windmill
5100:Operation Highjump
4075:Rusanov expedition
3980:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3724:North East Passage
3528:McClure expedition
2230:MOH Convention.com
2072:"Fort Abercrombie"
2047:Alaska-Highway.org
1780:(March 18, 1935).
1619:American Libraries
1269:Handbook of Alaska
1216:– 10 February 1906
947:
907:United States Navy
877:George Sabin Gibbs
845:The Explorers Club
719:
690:
659:Greenock, Scotland
641:
544:
536:
490:Corps of Engineers
422:on 22 March 1867.
384:American Civil War
283:American Civil War
252:United States Army
181:American Civil War
131:Service years
125:United States Army
5632:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5086:Operation Tabarin
4948:Far Eastern Party
4794:Nimrod Expedition
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
3864:M. Pronchishcheva
3786:Siberian Cossacks
3255:Northwest Passage
2588:Research stations
2545:Polar exploration
2494:Project Gutenberg
2432:978-0-299-32340-0
2305:Medals and Awards
2257:We Are the Mighty
2172:Arctic Superstars
2110:GenealogyBank.com
1750:978-1-8510-9952-8
1649:Army Heritage.org
1552:978-0-9211-0270-0
1521:978-1-5523-8050-5
1390:Army Heritage.org
1204:Brigadier General
1153:Second Lieutenant
1149:– 1 January 1863
945:Henrietta Nesmith
869:David L. Brainard
731:brigadier general
586:James B. Lockwood
510:Montana Territory
404:second lieutenant
329:brigadier general
327:with the rank of
287:second lieutenant
240:
239:
164:Northern Division
5727:
5133:Ronne Expedition
4618:
4612:
4476:Dumont d'Urville
4324:
4311:
3859:V. Pronchishchev
2566:
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2503:Internet Archive
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2307:. New York, NY:
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1238:Biography portal
1235:
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1159:First Lieutenant
1060:
1050:
1040:
1032:oak leaf cluster
1026:
1016:
861:Washington, D.C.
855:Death and legacy
790:Pacific Division
727:Grover Cleveland
621:Ellesmere Island
582:Ellesmere Island
552:Henry W. Howgate
506:Dakota Territory
498:Indian Territory
445:Continued career
408:first lieutenant
356:Washington, D.C.
321:Grover Cleveland
291:first lieutenant
249:
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161:Pacific Division
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79:Washington, D.C.
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5163:McMurdo Station
5032:Modern research
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4753:O. Nordenskjöld
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4521:Ross expedition
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3259:Northern Canada
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2350:Further reading
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1180:– 13 March 1865
1161:– 26 April 1864
1124:
1100:Founder's Medal
1092:
1090:Civilian awards
1009:
1007:Military awards
1004:
939:
859:Greely died in
857:
818:David D. Porter
810:
707:
594:Lockwood Island
524:
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335:and during the
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3213:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3170:
3165:
3163:Snæbjörn galti
3160:
3155:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3096:
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2999:
2992:
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2659:
2654:
2649:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:Farthest North
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2548:
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2540:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2473:
2458:
2442:
2441:External links
2439:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2418:
2412:
2399:
2393:
2376:
2373:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2321:
2292:
2270:
2243:
2217:
2192:
2182:978-0930410827
2181:
2161:
2138:
2115:
2089:
2060:
2034:
2008:
2003:Newspapers.com
1984:
1974:978-1627870399
1973:
1948:
1926:
1902:
1881:
1861:
1839:
1819:
1795:
1760:
1749:
1726:
1707:
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1606:
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1520:
1500:
1489:
1476:
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1427:
1403:
1350:
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1278:
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1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:– 3 March 1887
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:– 14 July 1869
1188:
1187:– 7 March 1867
1181:
1168:
1167:– 4 April 1865
1162:
1156:
1150:
1147:First Sergeant
1144:
1138:
1137:– 26 July 1861
1123:
1120:
1091:
1088:
1069:Medal of Honor
1065:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1020:
1018:Medal of Honor
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
992:
986:
975:
972:
969:
938:
935:
903: (AP-141)
889:Billy Mitchell
881:Irving J. Carr
856:
853:
809:
806:
706:
703:
665:and the ships
598:mountain range
550:. Promoted by
534:in Arctic 1881
520:Main article:
517:
514:
470:Weather Bureau
446:
443:
435:Fredericksburg
420:Volunteer Army
399:
396:
367:
364:
352:Medal of Honor
264:Medal of Honor
256:polar explorer
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
203:Medal of Honor
200:
196:
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178:
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150:
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136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
115:
111:
110:
99:
95:
94:
89:
87:
83:
82:
76:(aged 91)
70:
66:
65:
59:March 27, 1844
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
35:Greely in 1890
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5732:
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5718:
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4720:
4716:
4712:
4711:Discovery Hut
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
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4241:A. Sibiryakov
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4213:Glavsevmorput
4210:
4206:
4203:
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4201:
4200:
4196:
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4191:
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4186:
4182:
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4130:
4127:
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4118:
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4110:
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4098:
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4036:
4032:
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4026:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
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3953:
3949:
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3934:
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3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
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3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
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3867:
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3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
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3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3515:J. Richardson
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3484:
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3404:
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3355:
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3349:
3344:
3340:
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3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:M. Corte-Real
3275:
3273:
3272:G. Corte-Real
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3195:C. Richardson
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
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3127:
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3110:
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3105:
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3097:
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3084:
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3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:Georgiy Sedov
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
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2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2891:Riiser-Larsen
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
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2855:
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2839:
2833:
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2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
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2818:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:
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2786:
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2780:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
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2737:
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2716:
2714:
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2708:
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2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2413:0-226-72184-1
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2394:1-889963-29-1
2390:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2244:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2048:
2044:
2043:"Fort Greely"
2038:
2035:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:1-895415-94-2
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Greely Island
1244:
1243:
1239:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:Major General
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:36th Infantry
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1143:– 15 May 1862
1142:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:Dates of rank
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
980:
976:
973:
970:
968:
964:
963:New Hampshire
960:
959:
958:
956:
952:
943:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:Kodiak Island
916:
912:
908:
904:
902:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
807:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:major general
782:
780:
776:
773:and the 1903
772:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:, including:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
716:
711:
704:
702:
700:
696:
687:
683:
679:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:
646:
638:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:
561:
560:Edward Israel
557:
553:
549:
540:
533:
528:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
342:
341:major general
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
301:promotion to
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
260:major general
257:
253:
248:
244:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:7 (including
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
143:Major General
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:
116:
112:
109:United States
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
71:
67:
63:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
5586:
5574:Pole of Cold
5572:
5498:
5489:
5457:
5450:
5426:
5397:
5383:
5377:Borchgrevink
5369:
5356:
5341:
5321:
5306:
5275:
5256:
5249:
5233:
5219:
5210:
5193:
5186:
5167:
5155:
5131:
5117:
5110:
5098:
5084:
5070:
5056:
5049:
5010:
5002:
4988:
4981:
4979:
4961:
4953:
4946:
4933:
4924:
4886:
4878:
4869:
4862:
4850:
4843:
4829:
4817:Pourquoi-Pas
4816:
4808:
4800:
4792:
4787:Orcadas Base
4785:
4777:
4764:
4758:C. A. Larsen
4746:
4738:
4724:
4717:
4704:
4696:
4690:Borchgrevink
4683:
4675:
4632:
4624:
4599:C. A. Larsen
4592:
4573:
4564:
4546:
4528:
4519:
4506:
4491:
4482:
4469:
4430:
4416:
4409:
4390:
4375:
4285:
4278:
4261:
4254:
4240:
4225:
4211:
4198:
4173:
4159:
4157:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4099:
4092:
4073:
4039:
4037:
4023:
4021:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3971:
3969:
3950:
3826:
3784:
3767:
3735:
3699:
3697:
3677:
3676:
3656:
3655:
3641:
3628:
3613:
3599:
3590:
3577:
3548:
3536:Investigator
3535:
3526:
3502:
3489:
3481:
3472:
3459:
3430:
3407:
3392:
3377:
3347:
3332:
3302:
3221:
3201:
3172:
3168:Erik the Red
3150:
3128:
3121:
3078:submersibles
3075:
3069:Arktika 2007
3067:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3034:
3025:
3022:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2958:
2951:
2927:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2902:
2868:
2866:
2837:
2834:
2823:S. A. Andrée
2815:
2802:
2777:
2769:
2766:
2749:
2742:
2724:
2711:
2702:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2639:
2480:Open Library
2422:
2403:
2382:
2360:
2339:Google Books
2334:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2304:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2256:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2195:
2187:Google Books
2185:– via
2171:
2164:
2156:Google Books
2151:
2141:
2133:Google Books
2128:
2118:
2103:
2092:
2080:. Retrieved
2075:
2051:. Retrieved
2046:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
1996:
1987:
1979:Google Books
1977:– via
1963:
1943:Google Books
1938:
1929:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:
1905:
1897:Google Books
1891:
1884:
1876:Google Books
1870:
1864:
1856:Google Books
1851:
1842:
1834:Google Books
1828:
1822:
1814:Google Books
1808:
1790:Google Books
1785:
1755:Google Books
1753:– via
1739:
1720:
1710:
1702:Google Books
1697:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1632:NYT Archives
1626:
1614:
1609:
1594:
1589:
1581:Google Books
1575:
1565:
1557:Google Books
1555:– via
1541:
1534:
1526:Google Books
1524:– via
1510:
1503:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1462:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1430:
1422:Google Books
1416:
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1345:Google Books
1339:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1125:
1093:
1084:Purple Heart
1081:
1074:
1066:
1028:Purple Heart
983:World War II
948:
931:World War II
900:
897:
858:
834:
811:
783:
767:
720:
705:Later career
699:stereoscopic
691:
682:Stereoscopic
670:
666:
662:
649:
642:
636:
614:
602:Conger Range
573:
571:
565:
545:
531:
467:
463:Signal Corps
455:Regular Army
448:
427:Ball's Bluff
424:
401:
398:Early career
369:
349:
318:
307:
293:in 1864 and
269:A native of
268:
254:officer and
242:
241:
177:Battles/wars
74:(1935-10-20)
5650:1935 deaths
5645:1844 births
5277:Lake Vostok
5227:Tryoshnikov
5149:Schlossbach
5040:Christensen
4982:James Caird
4903:E. R. Evans
4669:Dobrowolski
4639:de Gerlache
4341:Expeditions
4227:Aviaarktika
4181:Samoylovich
4052:Kolomeitsev
3946:Middendorff
3906:Gedenshtrom
3326:I. Fyodorov
3088:Chilingarov
2976:E. Fyodorov
2583:Expeditions
1677:February 1,
1192:5th Cavalry
979:World War I
933:in Alaska.
915:Fort Greely
885:Leon Kromer
837:Cosmos Club
755:Philippines
747:Puerto Rico
715:George Dern
625:Cape Sabine
617:Fort Conger
478:Mississippi
474:floodplains
439:New Orleans
222:Rose Greely
5639:Categories
5500:Terra Nova
5405:Shackleton
5348:J. C. Ross
5307:Resolution
5297:South Pole
5072:New Swabia
4996:Mackintosh
4968:Shackleton
4887:Terra Nova
4880:Terra Nova
4614:Heroic Age
4574:Challenger
4534:J. C. Ross
4444:Bransfield
4376:Resolution
4291:icebreaker
4255:Chelyuskin
3996:expedition
3974:Expedition
3916:Matyushkin
3874:Kh. Laptev
3869:Chelyuskin
3763:Heemskerck
3753:Chancellor
3748:Willoughby
3743:Koch boats
3686:Stefansson
3620:McClintock
3584:Inglefield
3426:J. C. Ross
3333:Resolution
3185:Cunningham
3083:Sagalevich
2772:expedition
2731:Stephenson
2691:C. F. Hall
2678:expedition
2652:J. C. Ross
2615:Heemskerck
2602:North Pole
2314:August 22,
2285:August 22,
2263:August 22,
2236:August 22,
2082:August 22,
2053:August 22,
2027:August 22,
1920:2021-06-28
1655:August 24,
1469:August 24,
1396:August 22,
1288:References
653:(a former
610:Lake Hazen
380:Union Army
366:Early life
279:Union Army
98:Allegiance
55:1844-03-27
41:Birth name
5599:Tolstikov
5385:Discovery
5355:HMS
5340:HMS
5322:Adventure
5320:HMS
5305:HMS
5241:Tolstikov
4962:Endurance
4747:Antarctic
4732:Drygalski
4705:Discovery
4698:Discovery
4659:Arctowski
4572:HMS
4545:HMS
4539:Abernethy
4527:HMS
4505:USS
4492:Vincennes
4490:USS
4470:Astrolabe
4410:San Telmo
4391:Adventure
4389:HMS
4374:HMS
4369:Kerguelen
4331:Continent
4316:Antarctic
4193:Urvantsev
4151:Vilkitsky
4004:Jeannette
4002:USS
3994:Jeannette
3958:Weyprecht
3936:Pakhtusov
3886:Chichagov
3879:D. Laptev
3822:Permyakov
3797:Stadukhin
3792:Perfilyev
3769:Mangazeya
3707:H. Larsen
3672:Rasmussen
3627:HMS
3598:USS
3547:HMS
3534:HMS
3498:Collinson
3488:HMS
3480:HMS
3458:HMS
3406:HMS
3391:HMS
3376:HMS
3361:Mackenzie
3348:Discovery
3346:HMS
3331:HMS
3303:Discovery
3282:Frobisher
3245:Rasmussen
3158:Gunnbjörn
3104:Greenland
3033:USS
3024:USS
2896:Ellsworth
2838:Roosevelt
2768:Nansen's
2725:Discovery
2723:HMS
2710:HMS
2657:Abernethy
2625:Marmaduke
2210:2 October
1673:. pbs.org
1443:April 14,
899:USS
739:telegraph
657:built in
578:Greenland
566:Jeannette
564:USS
494:telegraph
229:Signature
209:Spouse(s)
134:1861–1908
5611:A. Fuchs
5568:V. Fuchs
5548:McKinley
5511:E. Evans
5470:Bjaaland
5465:Amundsen
5415:Marshall
5328:Furneaux
5180:V. Fuchs
5144:E. Ronne
5139:F. Ronne
5078:Ritscher
4932:SY
4920:Filchner
4864:Framheim
4858:Amundsen
4664:Racoviță
4649:Amundsen
4644:Lecointe
4513:Ringgold
4507:Porpoise
4397:Furneaux
4233:Shevelev
4188:Begichev
4167:Amundsen
4129:Nagórski
4107:Brusilov
4101:Sv. Anna
4015:Melville
3985:Palander
3941:Tsivolko
3901:Sannikov
3896:Billings
3839:Chirikov
3758:Barentsz
3700:St. Roch
3691:Bartlett
3665:Amundsen
3649:Sverdrup
3549:Resolute
3438:Franklin
3366:Kotzebue
3233:Sverdrup
3216:Scoresby
3190:Lindenov
3041:Plaisted
3026:Nautilus
2971:Shirshov
2945:Belyakov
2940:Baydukov
2914:Nautilus
2876:Amundsen
2836:SS
2795:Sverdrup
2790:Johansen
2760:Brainard
2755:Lockwood
2610:Barentsz
2465:LibriVox
1573:(1886).
1224:See also
1141:Corporal
701:images.
647:on USRC
530:Steamer
482:Missouri
431:Antietam
392:sergeant
382:for the
281:for the
217:Children
149:Commands
5616:Messner
5563:Hillary
5543:Balchen
5491:Polheim
5485:Wisting
5363:Crozier
5335:Weddell
5313:J. Cook
5283:Kapitsa
5264:Fiennes
5206:Klenova
5175:Hillary
5125:Ketchum
5051:BANZARE
5026:·
4871:Polheim
4837:Shirase
4823:Charcot
4633:Belgica
4552:Crozier
4464:Morrell
4459:Weddell
4437:Lazarev
4382:J. Cook
4336:History
4286:Arktika
4262:Krassin
4247:Voronin
4219:Schmidt
4205:Ushakov
4144:Vaygach
4112:Albanov
4081:Rusanov
4062:Kolchak
4057:Matisen
4031:Makarov
4010:De Long
3911:Wrangel
3891:Lyakhov
3844:Malygin
3802:Dezhnev
3629:Pandora
3600:Advance
3567:Kennedy
3562:Belcher
3555:Kellett
3542:McClure
3466:Beechey
3460:Blossom
3453:Simpson
3421:Crozier
3414:Hoppner
3371:J. Ross
3339:J. Cook
3287:Gilbert
3180:J. Hall
3146:Ingólfr
3136:Naddodd
3130:Vikings
3117:Brendan
3112:Pytheas
3100:Iceland
3054:Arktika
3046:Herbert
3011:Badygin
2981:Krenkel
2966:Papanin
2935:Chkalov
2921:Wilkins
2886:Wisting
2830:F. Cook
2736:Markham
2696:Bessels
2685:Polaris
2676:Polaris
2647:J. Ross
2630:Carolus
2578:History
2501:at the
2369:4579981
1283:(1928).
1165:Captain
1131:Private
723:captain
574:Proteus
532:Proteus
476:of the
453:of the
412:captain
295:captain
5526:Bowers
5521:Wilson
5480:Hassel
5475:Helmer
5444:Mackay
5434:Mawson
5399:Nimrod
5357:Terror
5342:Erebus
5269:Burton
5064:Rymill
4940:Mawson
4934:Aurora
4913:Lashly
4898:Wilson
4801:Nimrod
4778:Scotia
4585:Murray
4560:Cooper
4547:Terror
4529:Erebus
4498:Wilkes
4449:Palmer
4417:Vostok
4364:Bouvet
4288:-class
4268:Gakkel
4136:Taymyr
4117:Konrad
4086:Kuchin
4024:Yermak
3931:Lavrov
3849:Ovtsyn
3834:Bering
3812:Ivanov
3775:Hudson
3737:Pomors
3714:Cowper
3679:Karluk
3578:Isabel
3572:Bellot
3522:Austin
3490:Terror
3482:Erebus
3378:Griper
3354:Clerke
3314:Baffin
3297:Hudson
3228:Nansen
3141:Garðar
3062:Barneo
2929:ANT-25
2905:Italia
2881:Nobile
2850:Henson
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2620:Hudson
2558:Arctic
2429:
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1265:(1886)
1171:Brevet
1002:Awards
937:Family
923:Alaska
891:, and
779:Berlin
771:London
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717:(1935)
688:, 1893
667:Thetis
655:whaler
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1969:ISBN
1745:ISBN
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