84:
262:
147:
43:
730:, which exercise some degree of independence from the President's control. Although the heads of independent agencies are often appointed by the government, they can usually be removed only for cause. The heads of independent agencies work together in groups, such as a commission, board or council. Independent agencies often function as miniature versions of the
806:
does not expressly mention federal agencies (as it does the three branches), some commentators have called agencies the "headless fourth branch" of the federal government. However, most independent agencies are technically part of the executive branch, with a few located in the legislative branch of
618:
are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions but not by direct orders. This means that while the agencies are subject to decisions made by the
Government, Ministers are explicitly prohibited (so-called ban on
339:
A government agency may be established by either a national government or a state government within a federal system. Agencies can be established by legislation or by executive powers. The autonomy, independence, and accountability of government agencies also vary widely.
723:
have created similar government agencies. Each state government is similar to the national government, with all but one having a bicameral legislature. The term "government agency" or "administrative agency" usually applies to one of the
731:
726:
1294:
353:
94:
828:
698:
269:
1268:
808:
457:
451:
403:
1242:
771:
1179:
581:
1159:
788:
1194:
1019:
755:
545:
528:
for coordination amongst the ministries of the Govt. of India". Most notably as an international feature, what appear to be independent agencies (
368:
266:
927:
392:
905:
577:
324:. There is a notable variety of agency types. Although usage differs, a government agency is normally distinct both from a department or
1221:
378:, several countries including Australia and the United Kingdom developed the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public services.
992:
780:
508:
164:
56:
1252:
747:
573:
533:
465:
248:
230:
128:
70:
1204:
678:
477:
325:
211:
1247:
431:
Independent
Administrative Authorities in France may not be instructed or ordered to take specific actions by the government.
183:
1214:
1209:
759:
708:
645:
497:
336:) are most often constituted in an advisory role — this distinction is often blurred in practice however, it is not allowed.
168:
815:
procedures for a federal agency's promulgation of rules and adjudication of claims. The APA also sets forth the process for
704:
601:
190:
1289:
1164:
659:
1012:
321:
417:(AAI) or Independent Administrative Authorities. They tend to be prominent in the following areas of public policy;
803:
289:
197:
1189:
1174:
1107:
633:
541:
811:(APA) in 1946, Congress established some means to oversee government agency action. The APA established uniform
1122:
1112:
833:
784:
763:
629:
537:
440:
285:
110:
179:
628:
In addition to the State and its agencies, there are also local government agencies, which are extensions of
1199:
1154:
1132:
1117:
313:
157:
1226:
1184:
1169:
1127:
1005:
978:
in "The
Organisation of Central Government Departments: A History 1964–1992", ESRC Whitehall Programme at
843:
625:) from interfering with the day-to-day operation in an agency or the outcome in individual cases as well.
106:
62:
332:. The functions of an agency are normally executive in character since different types of organizations (
1081:
858:
838:
776:
751:
667:
375:
293:
352:, responsible for ships and supplies, which was established in 1546 by King Henry VIII and the British
1139:
615:
611:
518:
934:
1149:
853:
682:
273:
812:
655:
481:
348:
Early examples of organizations that would now be termed a government agency include the
British
903:
204:
848:
473:
364:
974:
320:) that is responsible for the oversight and administration of specific functions, such as an
979:
716:
686:
651:
281:
277:
909:
816:
485:
879:
1091:
607:
469:
461:
17:
1283:
1086:
1071:
1042:
1028:
880:"Learning Resources Division: Government Information Help Guide: Government Agencies"
621:
261:
1067:
799:
739:
521:
1062:
1052:
743:
735:
610:
controlled organizations who act independently to carry out the policies of the
367:" as they were used to deliver new programs created by legislation, such as the
317:
146:
31:
1057:
720:
712:
663:
553:
549:
349:
329:
1076:
585:
360:
588:
or other masked operators for any missions. Other organizations include
1144:
795:
589:
671:
769:
A broader definition of the term "government agency" also means the
564:
Russia has had many government agencies throughout its history. The
925:, House of Commons Library Research Paper 05/30, p. 8 accessed at
902:
A brief history of the Royal Navy, Royal Navy Museum, accessed at
532:) include some that have active roles for Ministers: such as, the
260:
746:
agency regulations. Examples of independent agencies include the
27:
Organization in a government responsible about specific functions
997:
802:", which define the scope of an agency's authority. Because the
565:
1001:
569:
140:
77:
36:
472:: Υπουργείο Μακεδονίας-Θράκης) is a government agency of the
738:(through the issuing or promulgation of regulations), to
993:
Encyclopedic
Dictionary of Public Administration, Agency
958:
975:
Machinery of
Government Reform: Principles and Practice
677:
Agencies can be created by enabling legislation by the
670:
of the United
Kingdom. They are also commonly known as
312:, is a permanent or semi-permanent organization in the
102:
794:
Most federal agencies are created by
Congress through
711:
delegate specific authority to government agencies to
727:
independent agencies of the United States government
1235:
1100:
1035:
982:, University of Oxford. (accessed October 16, 2018)
779:and their sub-units. Examples of these include the
464:: Γενική Γραμματεία Μακεδονίας-Θράκης), previously
171:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
572:. Today, Russian government agencies such as the
517:in India has several meanings; for example, the
328:, and other types of public body established by
1013:
829:Classification of the Functions of Government
699:List of federal agencies in the United States
91:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1269:Civil service reform in developing countries
957:Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India at
458:General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace
452:General Secretariat for Macedonia and Thrace
404:Structure of the Canadian federal government
772:United States federal executive departments
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1295:Independent government agencies by country
1020:
1006:
998:
715:the complex facets of the modern American
650:Agencies in the United Kingdom are either
363:saw growth in U.S. federal agencies, the "
734:federal government with the authority to
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
870:
756:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
546:Indian Council of Agricultural Research
413:Administrative law in France refers to
369:Federal Emergency Relief Administration
606:The Government agencies in Sweden are
393:List of Australian Government entities
7:
415:autorité administrative indépendante
169:adding citations to reliable sources
1243:National civil service commissions
509:List of Indian government agencies
25:
748:Federal Communications Commission
466:Ministry for Macedonia and Thrace
421:Economic and financial regulation
52:This article has multiple issues.
787:(IRS), which is a bureau of the
679:Parliament of the United Kingdom
267:United States federal government
145:
82:
41:
921:Macleavy, J. and O. Gay (2005)
156:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
760:National Labor Relations Board
709:President of the United States
660:non-departmental public bodies
646:British government departments
498:Government agencies in Iceland
1:
775:that include the President's
602:Government agencies in Sweden
424:Information and communication
809:Administrative Procedure Act
807:government. By enacting the
476:that is responsible for the
592:and presidential security.
427:Defence of citizens' rights
374:From the 1980s, as part of
354:Commissioners of Bankruptcy
105:, discuss the issue on the
1311:
789:Department of the Treasury
696:
643:
599:
519:Cabinet and the parliament
506:
495:
449:
438:
401:
390:
290:National Archives Building
29:
1261:
777:cabinet-level departments
542:Pharmacy Council of India
534:National Security Council
265:Various headquarters for
1253:Civil service by country
960:, accessed June 30, 2006
834:Government-owned company
785:Internal Revenue Service
764:Federal Trade Commission
538:Medical Council of India
441:Federal agency (Germany)
286:J. Edgar Hoover Building
30:Not to be confused with
719:. Also, most of the 50
662:answerable directly to
556:by the Prime Minister.
524:describes itself as a "
314:machinery of government
18:Administrative agencies
1248:Government occupations
844:Political organisation
297:
292:. Also visible is the
1082:Public administration
878:Anglim, Christopher.
859:Statutory corporation
839:Outline of management
752:Federal Reserve Board
376:New Public Management
356:established in 1570.
294:United States Capitol
264:
1101:By country/territory
781:Department of Energy
656:government ministers
612:Government of Sweden
310:appointed commission
165:improve this article
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
93:may not represent a
1290:Government agencies
928:"The Quango Debate"
854:Statutory authority
683:Scottish Parliament
552:, which is chaired
334:such as commissions
274:Pennsylvania Avenue
180:"Government agency"
908:2006-07-15 at the
819:of agency action.
813:administrative law
652:executive agencies
568:had the secretive
298:
1277:
1276:
1048:Government agency
923:The Quango Debate
884:udc.libguides.com
849:Regulatory agency
742:disputes, and to
474:Hellenic Republic
365:alphabet agencies
302:government agency
259:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
215:
139:
138:
131:
113:, as appropriate.
75:
32:State news agency
16:(Redirected from
1302:
1215:Northern Ireland
1022:
1015:
1008:
999:
980:Nuffield College
961:
955:
949:
948:
946:
945:
939:
933:. Archived from
932:
919:
913:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
875:
687:Welsh Parliament
666:or the devolved
530:or apex agencies
282:Federal Triangle
280:, including the
278:Washington, D.C.
254:
247:
236:
229:
225:
222:
216:
214:
173:
149:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1257:
1231:
1096:
1031:
1026:
989:
970:
968:Further reading
965:
964:
956:
952:
943:
941:
937:
930:
926:
920:
916:
910:Wayback Machine
901:
897:
888:
886:
877:
876:
872:
867:
825:
817:judicial review
762:(NLRB) and the
701:
695:
648:
642:
634:county councils
604:
598:
562:
511:
505:
500:
494:
454:
448:
443:
437:
411:
406:
400:
395:
389:
384:
359:From 1933, the
346:
308:, sometimes an
255:
244:
243:
242:
237:
226:
220:
217:
174:
172:
162:
150:
135:
124:
118:
115:
100:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1227:European Union
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1210:United Kingdom
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1092:Public service
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1002:
996:
995:
988:
987:External links
985:
984:
983:
969:
966:
963:
962:
950:
914:
895:
869:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
824:
821:
783:(DOE) and the
697:Main article:
694:
691:
654:answerable to
644:Main article:
641:
640:United Kingdom
638:
630:municipalities
600:Main article:
597:
594:
561:
558:
504:
501:
496:Main article:
493:
490:
450:Main article:
447:
444:
439:Main article:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
410:
407:
402:Main article:
399:
396:
391:Main article:
388:
385:
383:
380:
345:
342:
322:administration
257:
256:
239:
238:
153:
151:
144:
137:
136:
119:September 2015
97:of the subject
95:worldwide view
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:United States
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Public policy
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Spoils system
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1043:Public sector
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:Civil service
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
986:
981:
977:
976:
972:
971:
967:
959:
954:
951:
940:on 2006-06-19
936:
929:
924:
918:
915:
912:June 9, 2006,
911:
907:
904:
899:
896:
885:
881:
874:
871:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
805:
801:
800:enabling acts
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
728:
722:
718:
717:federal state
714:
710:
706:
700:
693:United States
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
647:
639:
637:
635:
631:
626:
624:
623:
622:ministerstyre
617:
613:
609:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:
516:
510:
502:
499:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
478:Greek regions
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
445:
442:
434:
432:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:
416:
408:
405:
397:
394:
386:
381:
379:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
343:
341:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
263:
253:
250:
235:
232:
224:
221:February 2010
213:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182: –
181:
177:
176:Find sources:
170:
166:
160:
159:
154:This article
152:
148:
143:
142:
133:
130:
122:
112:
108:
104:
98:
96:
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
1265:
1068:Merit system
1047:
973:
953:
942:. Retrieved
935:the original
922:
917:
898:
887:. Retrieved
883:
873:
804:Constitution
793:
770:
768:
725:
702:
676:
649:
627:
620:
605:
563:
529:
526:nodal agency
525:
514:
512:
455:
430:
414:
412:
373:
358:
347:
338:
333:
309:
306:state agency
305:
301:
299:
245:
227:
218:
208:
201:
194:
187:
175:
163:Please help
158:verification
155:
125:
116:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1180:New Zealand
1063:Technocracy
1053:Bureaucracy
758:(SEC), the
721:U.S. states
544:(PCI), the
522:Secretariat
318:bureaucracy
1284:Categories
1236:Categories
1113:Bangladesh
1058:Bureaucrat
944:2006-06-09
889:2023-08-02
865:References
740:adjudicate
732:tripartite
668:assemblies
664:parliament
616:Ministries
580:, and the
554:ex officio
550:NITI Aayog
548:, and the
507:See also:
382:By country
350:Navy Board
330:government
191:newspapers
57:improve it
1266:See also:
1205:Sri Lanka
1200:Singapore
1133:Hong Kong
1108:Australia
736:legislate
513:The term
482:Macedonia
387:Australia
107:talk page
63:talk page
1190:Pakistan
1175:Malaysia
1077:Diplomat
1036:Concepts
906:Archived
823:See also
798:called "
796:statutes
713:regulate
705:Congress
586:Spetsnaz
361:New Deal
326:ministry
270:agencies
101:You may
1185:Nigeria
1160:Ireland
1145:Germany
766:(FTC).
750:(FCC),
744:enforce
685:or the
672:Quangos
614:. The
590:Kremlin
492:Iceland
435:Germany
344:History
205:scholar
1195:Russia
1150:Greece
1140:France
1123:Canada
1118:Brazil
596:Sweden
560:Russia
540:, the
536:, the
515:agency
486:Thrace
446:Greece
409:France
398:Canada
288:, and
272:along
207:
200:
193:
186:
178:
1170:Japan
1165:Italy
1155:India
1128:China
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
608:State
503:India
470:Greek
462:Greek
212:JSTOR
198:books
109:, or
707:and
703:The
632:and
584:use
566:USSR
484:and
456:The
184:news
658:or
582:GRU
578:FSO
574:FSB
570:KGB
480:of
304:or
276:in
167:by
1286::
1070:/
882:.
791:.
754:,
689:.
681:,
674:.
636:.
576:,
488:.
371:.
300:A
284:,
66:.
1021:e
1014:t
1007:v
947:.
892:.
468:(
460:(
316:(
296:.
252:)
246:(
234:)
228:(
223:)
219:(
209:·
202:·
195:·
188:·
161:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
99:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.