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Company
Directors Disqualification Act 1986, the Companies Acts and related legislation). They also hear appeals from district judges of the County Court in the south east region in company law and corporate insolvency matters. For convenience, their title is often abbreviated to "ICC Judge". They wear a dark blue gown with pink tabs in court (but no longer wear wigs) and are addressed as 'Judge'. Ceremonially, they wear a full-bottomed wig, court coat, jabot and black silk gown. As judges exercising the jurisdiction of the High Court their decisions are of equal standing to that of a High Court justice at first instance.
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409:
1188:. The Supreme Court is independent of the government of the UK, of Parliament, and of the court services of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It takes appeals from the Appeals Courts of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland, and Scotland's High Court of the Judiciary (civil cases only). The President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is paid at Group 1.1, while the Deputy President and the other ten members of the Supreme Court are paid at Group 2.
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490:
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Circuit judges are addressed as "Your Honour", unless sitting in the
Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey), in which case addressed as "My Lord (Lady)". Senior circuit judges who sit as the honorary recorder of a borough or city are also entitled to be addressed in court as "my lord/lady." In law reports, circuit judges are referred to as "HHJ Smith", or simply, "Judge Smith."
1076:, these are known as Specialist Lay Members. The other is a consultant psychiatrist, known as the Medical Member. All members are addressed as "Sir" or "Madam", but unlike magistrates, these members are paid for their service, normally a day rate for sitting. Also unlike their magistrate counterparts, these members are recruited in the same manner as other judges via the
674:. Before swearing in they may be referred to as the Honourable Lord Justice Smith, and after swearing in as the Right Honourable Lord Justice Smith. Female Lord Justices are known as Lady Justices. Addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady". In law reports, referred to as "Smith LJ", and, for more than one judge, "Smith and Jones LJJ".
1047:
judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis and so that other types of lawyer, such as chartered legal executives (CILEX Fellows), would be eligible. In August 2010, Ian Ashley-Smith became the first CILEx Fellow to be directly appointed as a deputy district judge (civil).
1055:
There are a range of professionals who support the judiciary in complex legal cases where there is an interface between the law and another professional area. In these matters, sometimes non-legally qualified judges are appointed to preside over specialist areas. These judges are sometimes referred
901:
Circuit judges are referred to as His/Her Honour Judge {surname} e.g. His/Her Honour Judge Smith. If a circuit judge is appointed who has the same surname as another serving circuit judge, he (she) will be referred to as His (Her) Honour Judge {first name} {surname}. e.g. His Honour Judge John Smith.
882:
The seven
Insolvency and Companies Court Judges, one of whom is the Chief Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, hear and dispose of much of the High Court insolvency (both personal and corporate) and pure company law cases and trials in London (such as cases arising under the Insolvency Act 1986, the
1046:
Formerly, deputy district judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, since 21 July 2008, a potential deputy district
990:
Formerly, recorders could only be drawn from barristers of at least 10 years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential recorder must satisfy the judicial-appointment
813:
High Court justices normally wear a short wig along with red and black gowns for criminal cases, and a civil robe with red tabs without wig for civil cases and, when in open court, family cases. Judges of the Family
Division sitting in private wear formal suits. Ceremonially, all High Court justices
1114:
There are eight pay points for judges in the United
Kingdom (including England and Wales). The following is a simplified list of annual judicial salaries from 1 April 2024, showing only the most widely-held grades and some of the best known specific appointments. A complete list of all the posts at
909:
For criminal cases, circuit judges wear a violet and purple gown with a red sash and short wig and for civil cases exchange the red sash for a lilac one. Circuit judges sitting in civil proceedings no longer wear wigs, wing collars, or bands. Ceremonially, they wear purple robes with a purple trim
635:
In court, the Heads of
Division wear a black damask gown with gold lace along with a short wig during criminal cases and the black civil gown with gold tabs during civil cases. Ceremonially, the Heads of Division wear red gowns with white trim along with full wigs except for the Master of the Rolls
986:
is a part-time circuit judge, usually a practising barrister, solicitor or a member of the courts or tribunal judiciary who is not a full-time circuit judge. Recorders are addressed in court in the same way as circuit judges (as 'Your Honour'). There is no formal abbreviation for the position and
829:
A Master is a level of judge in the High Court whose decisions are of equal standing to that of a High Court judge at first instance. They are mainly responsible for trials and case management pre-trial in exclusively civil cases in London. They wear dark blue gowns with pink tabs in court and are
1042:
A deputy district judge is a solicitor or barrister who sits part-time as a district judge (who may be taking their first steps on the route to becoming a full-time district judge). Retired district judges sometimes sit as deputies. They are addressed as "Sir" or "Madam". In law reports, they are
1026:
Formerly, district judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, since 21 July 2008, a potential district judge must
628:
The
Chancellor of the High Court is President of the Chancery Division of the High Court. Until 2006 this role was nominally held by the Lord Chancellor, but was in practice delegated to the Vice-Chancellor. The Vice-Chancellor was renamed Chancellor of the High Court when the Lord Chancellor's
886:
Masters and ICC Judges are not referred to with a post-nominal abbreviation in the law reports, and appear as "Master Smith" or "ICC Judge Smith". Formerly, Masters and ICC Judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for
905:
Formerly, circuit judges could only be drawn from barristers of at least ten years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential circuit judge must satisfy the
581:
In court, the Lord Chief
Justice wears a black damask gown with gold lace along with a short wig during criminal cases and the black civil gown with gold tabs during civil cases. Ceremonially, the Lord Chief Justice wears the red robe with white trim along with a gold chain and full wig.
994:
The senior circuit judge in a metropolitan area will often be given the honorary title of the recorder of the city – e.g. the
Recorder of Manchester. Despite still being circuit judges, these recorders are addressed in court as 'My Lord/Lady' as if they were High Court judges.
809:
High Court justices are not normally Privy
Counsellors and are therefore referred to as the Honourable Mr/Mrs Justice Smith. Addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady". In law reports they are referred to as "Smith J", and, for more than one judge, "Smith and Jones JJ".
692:
The Lord Justices wear black silk gowns and court coats (or bar jackets) and short wigs during criminal cases and the black civil robe with gold tabs for civil cases. For ceremonial occasions, they wear the full wig and black damask gown with gold lace.
887:
increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential Master or ICC Judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis.
589:
wears white winged shirt with ruffled collar, black waistcoat, and black coat underneath the black damask gown with gold lace, and black knee-length breeches with black silk stockings, and full-bottomed wig during ceremonial occasions.
558:
of the High Court, but on becoming head of the judiciary that responsibility was transferred to a new office. The Lord Chief Justice is responsible for arranging training for the judiciary, which is achieved through the
830:
addressed as 'Master', regardless of gender, or ‘Judge’. Ceremonially, they wear a full-bottomed wig, court coat, jabot and black silk gown. Each division has a Senior Master, and each division has a different title:
566:
Although the Lord Chancellor is no longer a judge, he still exercises disciplinary authority over the judges, jointly with the Lord Chief Justice. He also has a role in appointing judges, through control of the
436:
and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales, particularly Justices of the
632:
The Heads of Division are referred to in law reports as "Smith MR", "Smith P", "Smith P", and "Smith C" respectively. Vice-Chancellors from pre-2006 Chancery cases were referred to as "Smith VC".
1232:
1207:
1979:
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recorders are referred to as 'Mr/Mrs Recorder Smith' (as opposed to circuit judges, who can be referred to as 'HHJ Smith' in judgements, law reports or other legal documents).
314:
863:(Queen's Remembrancer when the monarch is female), and is also the Registrar of Election petitions and Foreign judgements as well as being the designated authority for the
1313:
550:. The Lord Chief Justice is also the President of the Courts and holds, amongst some 400 statutory functions, positions such as the head of the Criminal Division of the
879:. The Senior Master is assisted in this role as Central Authority by the Foreign Process Section of the King's Bench Action Department at the Royal Courts of Justice.
173:
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947:
730:
507:
262:
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Group 7: District judges of the County Court and magistrates' courts, employment judges, judges of the First Tier Tribunal and several other appointments, £134,105
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satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis. From November 2010, other types of lawyer, such as legal executives (fellows of the
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among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential Lord Justice of Appeal must satisfy the
1972:
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Judges also have a pension scheme, the 1993 and earlier versions of which were once considered to be one of the most generous in the British public sector.
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1060:. Within this tribunal, there are three panel judges, one will be a legally qualified lawyer, whilst the other two are drawn from the
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Group 5.1: Chief Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, Chief Chancery Master, Senior King's Bench Master and certain others, £173,856
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to as fee-paid (judiciary) officer holders, or non-legal members. An example are those appointed by the Lord Chancellor to sit over
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578:, the Lord Chief Justice is referred to as (for example) "Smith LCJ" or "Lord Smith CJ", and the Lord Chancellor as "Smith LC".
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Since 3 April 2006, the Lord Chief Justice has been the overall head of the judiciary. Previously they were second to the
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1262:"Written Statement: Update on the development of the justice system and the legal sector in Wales (30 September 2021)"
1098:) are trained volunteers appointed from the local community, who generally sit in threes in order to give judgment in
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of at least 10 years' standing. In practice, much greater experience was necessary and, in 2004, calls for increased
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District judge is the title given to two different categories of judges. One group of district judges sit in the
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1019:. Members of this latter group are more formally known as "district judge (magistrates' courts)" (see the
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2029:
1288:"Plaid Cymru call for devolution of justice to Wales - 'we can't be treated as an appendage to England'"
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453:
240:
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30:
2049:
1832:
1023:). Judges in both groups are addressed as "Judge". In law reports, they are referred to as "DJ Smith".
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and have jurisdiction in civil and family cases, having previously been known as registrars until the
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1703:"Coral Reef Ltd v Silverbond Enterprises Ltd & Anor [2016] EWHC 874 (Ch) (20 April 2016)"
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546:, but the judicial functions of that office were transferred to the Lord Chief Justice under the
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1507:
1314:"Devolution a 'necessary step' towards a better Welsh criminal justice system, academics argue"
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of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, so that judges of the
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919:
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272:
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1106:. The chair is addressed as "Sir" or "Madam" or the bench is addressed as "Your Worships".
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2009:
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84:
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Diversity of the judiciary: Legal professions, new appointments and current post-holders
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The senior district judge (magistrates' courts) is also known as the Chief Magistrate.
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The Senior Master of the King's Bench Division also holds the ancient judicial post of
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There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians however for a
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The administrative body of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is classified as a
2711:
1372:
1061:
2120:
1004:
433:
17:
1177:
Group 8: Salaried (Regional) Medical Members, Social Entitlement Chamber, £106,563
1957:
1164:
Group 5.2: High Court Insolvency and Companies Court Judges, High Court Masters,
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1880:
1065:
929:
712:
489:
257:
56:
1952:
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There are four Heads of Divisions aside from the Lord Chief Justice: the
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each pay point can be found on the website of the Ministry of Justice.
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954: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
514: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
449:
697:
High Court Justices, Masters and Insolvency and Companies Court Judges
466:
The following is a list of the various types of judges who sit in the
1685:"PRACTICE DIRECTION – INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS - Civil Procedure Rules"
821:
Four High Court Justices in their ceremonial robes in procession at
906:
judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a seven-year basis.
816:
643:
421:
407:
1542:"Explanatory Notes to Tribunals, Courts And Enforcement Act 2007"
1171:
Group 6: Vice-Judge Advocate General and certain others, £157,380
1887:
1346:
648:
Three Lords Justices in their ceremonial robes in procession at
2307:
1961:
1947:
923:
706:
621:. The other Heads are in charge of the three divisions of the
483:
1435:"Constitutional Reform Act: Section 108: Schedule 12"
1015:
and were formerly known as stipendiary magistrates until the
636:
who wears the black damask gown with gold lace and full wig.
617:
The Master of the Rolls is head of the Civil Division of the
1544:. Office of Public Service Information. 2007. Archived from
1154:
Group 5: Numerous specialist appointments, including senior
677:
Formerly, Lords Justices of Appeal could only be drawn from
1208:
List of judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
814:
wear the red gown with white trim along with a full wig.
412:
A simplified guide to where each grade of judge presides.
29:"Senior Master" redirects here. For the chess title, see
871:
and receiving agency under the EU Service Regulation –
1738:"Senior District Judge (Chief Magistrate) Appointment"
432:
are given more weight than district judges sitting in
1510:. Department for Constitutional Affairs. October 2004
1953:
Department for Constitutional Affairs list of judges
1397:""Courts and Tribunals Judiciary: Judicial College""
420:—different types of courts have different styles of
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2619:
2339:
2276:
2255:
2248:
2198:
2140:
2133:
2058:
2002:
1995:
737:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1768:"Ian Ashley Smith – Deputy District Judge (Civil)"
1948:Judiciary of England and Wales government website
1238:(Report). Ministry of Justice. 17 September 2020.
1808:"Magistrates Association > About magistrates"
1792:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1774:. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014
1031:), also became eligible to be district judges.
554:. Historically they were also President of the
2319:
1973:
991:eligibility condition on a seven-year basis.
387:
8:
1463:"Constitutional Reform Act: Section 122"
1411:"Constitutional Reform Act: Section 108"
1881:Evidence to the Senior Salaries Review Body
2326:
2312:
2304:
2252:
2137:
1999:
1980:
1966:
1958:
1579:Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
1536:
1534:
1532:
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1528:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1373:"Constitutional Reform Act: Section 7"
1043:referred to as, for example, "DDJ Smith".
687:judicial-appointment eligibility condition
394:
380:
92:His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
42:
970:Learn how and when to remove this message
797:Learn how and when to remove this message
530:Learn how and when to remove this message
2091:Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
1859:"Ministry of Justice Judicial Salaries"
1508:"Increasing Diversity in the Judiciary"
1224:
1029:Chartered Institute of Legal Executives
875:and EU Taking of Evidence Regulation –
480:Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
55:
1785:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1447:, 2005 c. 4 (s. 108)(sch. 12)
604:President of the King's Bench Division
474:Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chancellor
290:Justice of the peace / lay magistrates
877:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/2001
873:Council Regulation (EC) No. 1348/2000
7:
1339:"Forms of address for the Judiciary"
1198:Judicial titles in England and Wales
1158:and Judge Advocate General, £180,522
952:adding citations to reliable sources
735:adding citations to reliable sources
703:High Court judge (England and Wales)
512:adding citations to reliable sources
430:Court of Appeal of England and Wales
284:
183:
46:This article is part of the series:
1906:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1151:judges and certain others, £225,092
452:, judges are guaranteed continuing
219:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
115:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1812:www.magistrates-association.org.uk
1009:Courts and Legal Services Act 1990
25:
2216:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1744:. 8 November 2010. Archived from
2101:Court of Great Sessions in Wales
1090:Magistrates of England and Wales
1078:Judicial Appointments Commission
928:
746:"Judiciary of England and Wales"
711:
658:List of Lords Justices of Appeal
608:President of the Family Division
569:Judicial Appointments Commission
488:
352:Law Society of England and Wales
152:President of the Family Division
63:
1203:Judiciary of the United Kingdom
939:needs additional citations for
722:needs additional citations for
499:needs additional citations for
315:Director of Public Prosecutions
2718:Judiciary of England and Wales
2076:Court for Crown Cases Reserved
1989:Judiciary of England and Wales
1343:Judiciary of England and Wales
1249:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
548:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
418:judiciary in England and Wales
1:
1058:Mental Health Review Tribunal
1011:. The other group sit in the
629:judicial role was abolished.
461:Wales criminal justice system
246:President of the King's Bench
147:President of the King's Bench
2221:Chief Baron of the Exchequer
1879:Alex, Allan (October 2006).
1458:Chancellor of the High Court
1168:and certain others, £167,167
612:Chancellor of the High Court
439:United Kingdom Supreme Court
416:There are various levels of
179:County Court Business Centre
157:Chancellor of the High Court
2231:Justice of the Common Pleas
2226:Justice of the King's Bench
2211:Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
2066:Court of Appeal in Chancery
1902:"Role of the Supreme Court"
1094:Magistrates (also known as
468:Courts of England and Wales
174:List of County Court venues
49:Courts of England and Wales
38:Courts of England and Wales
2734:
1186:non-ministerial department
1087:
1017:Access to Justice Act 1999
917:
894:
700:
655:
477:
424:. They also form a strict
263:List of Crown Court venues
35:
28:
2190:Common Serjeant of London
1833:"What do I call a judge?"
1475:, 2005 c. 4 (s. 122)
1423:, 2005 c. 4 (s. 108)
1213:Law of the United Kingdom
869:Hague Evidence Convention
320:Crown Prosecution Service
2106:Court of High Commission
1727:Courts Act 1971, s.21(2)
865:Hague Service Convention
57:Law of England and Wales
1581:, s.50/ Sch.10, Pt.1.13
1385:, 2005 c. 4 (s. 7)
1142:Lord Justices of Appeal
1051:Judicial office holders
843:– Chief Chancery Master
109:Civil and family courts
2382:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2183:Recorder of Manchester
2045:High Court of Chivalry
1486:Supreme Court Act 1981
1349:. 2007. Archived from
1133:Group 2: Heads of the
1038:Deputy district judges
826:
653:
413:
2334:Judiciaries of Europe
2178:Recorder of Liverpool
2158:Court of Appeal judge
2111:Court of King's Bench
2081:Court of Common Pleas
1617:"Coral Reef decision"
1473:The National Archives
1445:The National Archives
1421:The National Archives
1383:The National Archives
1096:Justices of the peace
1064:professions, such as
855:– Admiralty Registrar
835:King's Bench Division
820:
647:
556:King's Bench Division
454:judicial independence
411:
241:High Court of Justice
234:Court of Appeal judge
142:High Court of Justice
135:Court of Appeal judge
31:Senior Master (chess)
1353:on 27 September 2007
1135:High Court divisions
948:improve this article
849:– Senior Costs Judge
731:improve this article
508:improve this article
304:Criminal prosecution
36:For the courts, see
2620:States with limited
2153:Master of the Rolls
2035:Court of Protection
1927:"The Supreme Court"
1866:Ministry of Justice
1772:Ministry of Justice
1742:Ministry of Justice
1592:"Abdule v UK state"
1548:on 21 February 2009
1268:. 30 September 2021
1128:Master of the Rolls
1100:magistrates' courts
1013:magistrates' courts
861:King's Remembrancer
689:on a 7-year basis.
670:, and they too are
600:Master of the Rolls
441:and members of the
280:Magistrates' courts
196:Court of Protection
130:Master of the Rolls
80:Ministry of Justice
18:Admiralty Registrar
2289:Admiralty Advocate
2236:Justice of Chester
2173:Recorder of London
2148:Lord Chief Justice
2096:Court of Exchequer
2050:Magistrates' Court
1839:. 19 February 2010
1689:www.justice.gov.uk
1468:legislation.gov.uk
1440:legislation.gov.uk
1416:legislation.gov.uk
1378:legislation.gov.uk
1318:Cardiff University
1294:. 29 November 2022
1121:Lord Chief Justice
897:Circuit judge (UK)
827:
823:Llandaff Cathedral
654:
650:Llandaff Cathedral
414:
362:Solicitor advocate
229:Lord Chief Justice
2705:
2704:
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2268:Solicitor General
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2128:
2086:Court of Chancery
1110:Judicial salaries
980:
979:
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841:Chancery Division
807:
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781:
672:Privy Counsellors
594:Heads of Division
540:
539:
532:
404:
403:
201:Court of Chivalry
16:(Redirected from
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2658:Dependencies and
2599:Northern Ireland
2340:Sovereign states
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2263:Attorney General
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2163:High Court judge
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2116:Court of Probate
2000:
1982:
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2020:Privy Council
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2015:Supreme Court
2013:
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1005:county courts
998:
996:
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937:This section
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748: –
747:
743:
742:Find sources:
736:
732:
726:
725:
720:This article
718:
714:
709:
708:
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669:
666:are known as
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497:This section
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486:
485:
481:
473:
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457:
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434:county courts
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120:Privy Council
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2649:Transnistria
2249:Law Officers
2121:Star Chamber
2071:Assize Court
1988:
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1896:
1890:. p. 5.
1874:
1868:. p. 1.
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1776:. Retrieved
1762:
1750:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1732:
1723:
1718:, s.16(3)(a)
1711:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1557:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1519:
1512:. Retrieved
1488:, s.10(3)(b)
1481:
1466:
1453:
1438:
1429:
1414:
1405:
1391:
1376:
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:the original
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:Nation.Cymru
1291:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1244:
1227:
1183:
1180:
1113:
1104:youth courts
1093:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1002:
993:
989:
981:
966:
957:
946:Please help
941:verification
938:
908:
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900:
885:
881:
858:
847:Costs Office
828:
812:
808:
793:
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741:
729:Please help
724:verification
721:
691:
676:
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597:
584:
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506:Please help
501:verification
498:
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191:Family Court
169:County Court
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2687:Isle of Man
2622:recognition
2574:Switzerland
2509:Netherlands
2040:Crown Court
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1126:Group 1.1:
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576:law reports
445:judiciary.
340:Bar Council
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656:See also:
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2134:Justices
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1642:"Judges"
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610:and the
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2141:Current
2003:Current
1626:16 June
1601:15 June
1552:5 March
1514:5 March
1070:nursing
825:in 2013
771:scholar
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450:statute
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2277:Former
2199:Former
2059:Former
1996:Courts
1843:2 June
1817:2 June
1667:"Work"
773:
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606:, the
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2489:Malta
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1884:(PDF)
1862:(PDF)
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1325:2023
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1274:2022
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