1078:(ECHR) has had the opportunity to rule in recent years on several cases involving the legitimacy of firing a person from their job due to adultery. These cases dealt with people working for religious organizations and raised the question of the balancing of the right of a person to respect for their private life (recognized in the EU) and the right of religious communities to be protected against undue interference by the State (recognized also in the EU). These situations must be analyzed with regard to their specific circumstances, in each case. The ECtHR had ruled both in favor of the religious organization (in the case of Obst) and in favor of the fired person (in the case of Schüth).
1589:"Elements.(1) That the accused wrongfully engaged in extramarital conduct as described in subparagraph c.(2) with a certain person; (2) That, at the time, the accused knew that the accused or the other person was married to someone else; and (3) That, under the circumstances, the conduct of the accused was either: (i) to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces; (ii) was of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces; or (iii) to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces and of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces"
492:
1790:, and must recognize consent as central, and not trivialize its importance; doing otherwise can lead to legal, social or ethical abuses. Amnesty International, when condemning stoning legislation that targets adultery, among other acts, has referred to "acts which should never be criminalized in the first place, including consensual sexual relations between adults". Salil Shetty, Amnesty International's Secretary General, said: "It is unbelievable that in the twenty-first century some countries are condoning
1166:
924:. In the Philippines, the law differentiates based on the gender of the spouse. A wife can be charged with adultery, while a husband can only be charged with the related crime of concubinage, which is more loosely defined (it requires either keeping the mistress in the family home, or cohabiting with her, or having sexual relations under scandalous circumstances). There are currently proposals to decriminalize adultery in the Philippines.
654:. There are fifteen countries in which stoning is authorized as lawful punishment, though in recent times it has been legally carried out only in Iran and Somalia. Countries which follow very strict versions of Sharia law in their criminal systems include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Brunei, Afghanistan, Sudan, Pakistan, 12 of Nigeria's 36 states (in Northern Nigeria) and Qatar; although these laws are not necessarily enforced.
504:
30:
748:. Proving adultery under Muslim law can be a very difficult task as it requires the accuser to produce four eyewitnesses to the act of sexual intercourse, each of whom should have a good reputation for truthfulness and honesty. The criminal standards do not apply in the application of social and family consequences of adultery, where the standards of proof are not as exacting.
849:, the law which criminalized adultery, as unconstitutional. Before 2018, adultery was defined as sex between a man and a woman without the consent of the woman's husband. The man was prosecutable and could be sentenced for up to five years (even if he himself was unmarried) whereas the married woman couldn't be jailed. Men have called the law
1040:, adultery laws were held to be invalid in 1996/1998 because the law was deemed discriminatory as it differentiated between women and men. In 2004, there were proposals to introduce a gender-neutral adultery law. The plans were dropped, and it has been suggested that the objections from the European Union played a role.
933:
1683:
from religious groups and from political parties who feel quite independent of morality, that the government has reason to concern itself with the consensual sexual activity of its citizens … The crucial question is: when, if ever, is the government justified to interfere in consensual bedroom affairs?
825:(1683 to 1895), the husband or his relatives could bring charges. The standard sentence was ninety lashes for each of the accused. The woman could be sold or divorced. The matter could be settled out of court, with bodily harm to the accused or assorted punishments affecting his social standing. Under
1682:
Opponents of adultery laws regard them as painfully archaic, believing they represent sanctions reminiscent of nineteenth-century novels. They further object to the legislation of morality, especially a morality so steeped in religious doctrine. Support for the preservation of the adultery laws comes
1545:
North Dakota (North Dakota
Century Code, § 12.1-20-08) (note: even though the crime is called "fornication", it only refers to having sex with minors or having sex in public. It doesn't target private consensual sex between adults, so in practice this law is irrelevant; it's only listed here for the
853:
in that women cannot be prosecuted for adultery and the
National Commission of Women has criticized the British era law of being anti-feminist as it treats women as the property of their husbands and has consequently recommended deletion of the law or reducing it to a civil offense. Extramarital sex
709:
In some jurisdictions, the "intruder" (the third party) is punished, rather than the adulterous spouse. For instance act 266 of the Penal Code of South Sudan reads: "Whoever, has consensual sexual intercourse with a man or woman who is and whom he or she has reason to believe to be the spouse
903:
to provide extremely strong evidence to avoid being charged with adultery herself. A conviction for rape is only possible with evidence from no fewer than four witnesses. In recent years high-profile rape cases in
Pakistan have given the Ordinance more exposure than similar laws in other countries.
2355:
Article 62 Servicepersons shall be held in high esteem by the whole of society. The State shall establish a system for honoring servicepersons for their meritorious services. The State shall take effective measures to protect the honor and dignity of servicepersons and offer special protection for
878:
overturned the country's law against adultery. Previously, adultery was criminalized in 1953, and violators were subject to two years in prison, with the aim of protecting women from divorce. The law was overturned because the court found that adultery is a private matter in which the state should
4804:
With regard to the situation in the United States: "Moreover, setting to one side criminal prosecutions for adultery, there are numerous other ways in which the law deems adulterous conduct to be legally relevant. (...) Furthermore, a recognized "heat of passion" defense to a charge of murdering
957:
was not a criminal offence in secular law from the later twelfth century until the seventeenth century. It was punishable under ecclesiastical law from the twelfth century until jurisdiction over adultery by ecclesiastical courts in
England and Wales was abolished in England and Wales (and some
1138:
Adultery is not a crime in
Australia. Under federal law enacted in 1994, sexual conduct between consenting adults (18 years of age or older) is their private matter throughout Australia, irrespective of marital status. Australian states and territories had previously repealed their respective
638:
The criminal status of adultery has attracted criticism, especially where there are violent penalties. The head of the United
Nations expert body charged with identifying ways to eliminate laws that discriminate against women or are discriminatory to them in terms of implementation or impact,
1777:
An argument against the criminal status of adultery is that the resources of the law enforcement are limited, and that they should be used carefully; by investing them in the investigation and prosecution of adultery (which is very difficult) the curbing of serious violent crimes may suffer.
1561:, § 208–40) (note: criminalizes cohabitation between 2 ex-spouses after divorce as adultery. But since the Massachusettsan criminal anti-adultery statute was repealed in 2018 and there's no punishment for it anymore, in practice this law is an irrelevant legislative remnant with no function)
1314:
The last conviction for adultery in
Massachusetts was in 1983 and held that the statute was constitutional and that "no fundamental personal privacy right implicit in the concept of ordered liberty guaranteed by the United States Constitution bars the criminal prosecution of such persons ."
1032:
adultery was a crime until 2006, though the crime of adultery had a narrow definition, excluding situations where the other spouse encouraged the act or when the act happened at a time the couple was living separate and apart; and in practice prosecutions were extremely rare.
1341:. Punishments range from as little as a $ 10 fine in Maryland (despite being technically a criminal offense, not a civil one) to a fine of up to $ 10,000 and jail time of up to 3.5 years in Wisconsin and a fine of up to $ 5,000 and jail time of up to 5 years in Michigan.
643:, has stated that: "Adultery must not be classified as a criminal offence at all". A joint statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice states that: "Adultery as a criminal offence violates women’s human rights".
4805:
one’s spouse or paramour—which will typically reduce the crime to voluntary manslaughter—is either finding them in the act of adultery, recently being informed of their act of adultery, or in some jurisdictions, having reason to believe that they committed adultery."
763:. ISIL would not merely oppose adultery but also oppose behavior that from their point of view could lead to adultery, such as women not being covered, people of the opposite sex socializing with one another, or even female mannequins in store windows.
1591:. As such, extramarital sex is not automatically an offense, it must be conducted under such circumstances that it is prejudicial to the armed forces. The law on adultery was revised in 2019 in order to include same-sex encounters in the offense.
3672:
718:
in 2018) it was a criminal offense for a man to have consensual sexual intercourse with a married woman, without the consent of her husband (no party was criminally punished in case of adultery between a married man and an unmarried woman).
1804:
campaign has condemned state control over individual sexual and reproductive decisions; stating "All over the world, people are coerced, criminalized and discriminated against, simply for making choices about their bodies and their lives".
803:. Arguments were heard again by the court in March 2020, and the court ruled the law unconstitutional on 29 May 2020. Twelve of fifteen justices issued a concurring opinion, two others concurred in part, and one dissented. The
1626:(brought by a deserted spouse against a third party alleged to be responsible for the failure of the marriage). In a highly publicized case in 2010, a woman in North Carolina won a $ 9 million suit against her husband's
1594:
The enforceability of adultery laws in the United States is unclear following
Supreme Court decisions since 1965 relating to privacy and sexual intimacy of consenting adults. However, occasional prosecutions do occur.
4824:
3901:. 15 November 2012. p. A12. Retrieved on 4 January 2015. "This is yet another example of American exceptionalism: in nearly the entire rest of the industrialized world, adultery is not covered by the criminal code. "
3973:
2712:
1748:
Concerns exist that the existence of "adultery" as a criminal offense (and even in family law) can affect the criminal justice process in cases of domestic assaults and killings, in particular by mitigating
1739:
The United
Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice is deeply concerned at the criminalization and penalization of adultery whose enforcement leads to discrimination and
3349:
4893:
2369:
1847:
4025:
1223:
to have laws criminalizing adultery. In the United States, laws vary from state to state. Until the mid-20th century, most U.S. states (especially
Southern and Northeastern states) had laws against
2812:
1711:
Opponents of adultery laws argue that these laws maintain social norms which justify violence, discrimination and oppression of women; in the form of state sanctioned forms of violence such as
2762:
437:
3946:
756:, stated in 1987 that in Saudi Arabia, "unlike the tribal rights of a father to put to death a daughter who has violated her chastity, death sentences under Koranic law are extremely rare."
1067:(in 1542). The enforcement of adultery laws varied by jurisdiction. In England, the last execution for adultery is believed to have taken place in 1654, when a woman named Susan Bounty was
4751:
2325:
3063:
2484:
4262:
2943:
3435:
3242:
2059:
1234:
State criminal laws against adultery are rarely enforced. Federal appeals courts have ruled inconsistently as to whether these laws are unconstitutional (especially after the 2003
4646:
4146:
4620:
2852:
1984:
4059:
1757:, or otherwise proving for partial or complete defenses in case of violence. These concerns have been officially raised by the Council of Europe and the UN in recent years. The
4395:
1735:
has called for the decriminalization of adultery. A Joint Statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice in 2012, stated:
759:
In regions of Iraq and Syria under ISIL, there have been reports of floggings as well as execution of people who engaged in adultery. The method of execution was typically by
3573:
4927:
4816:
4228:
1758:
3969:
4092:
3888:
2833:
4850:
4313:
2704:
1769:
and other similar defenses that "laws should clearly state that these defenses do not include or apply to crimes of 'honour', adultery, or domestic assault or murder."
3025:
4783:
4176:
562:, some subject to severe punishment, especially in the case of extramarital sex involving a married woman and a man other than her husband, with penalties including
3112:
4491:
3547:
3341:
1662:, the consensus among whose adherents is that government must not intrude into daily personal lives and that such disputes are to be settled privately rather than
4897:
3694:
2430:
2117:
2090:
2027:
1899:
1304:
1839:
4021:
473:
253:
3187:
854:
without the consent of one's partner can be a valid grounds for monetary penalty on government employees, as ruled by the Central Administrative Tribunal.
678:, and while technically illegal, no action is usually taken against perpetrators. Sometimes such stonings are ordered by informal village leaders who have
586:
and even capital punishment. Since the 20th century, criminal laws against adultery have become controversial, with most Western countries repealing them.
4877:
1873:
3753:
3296:
3219:
2809:
2171:
4589:
3634:
2973:
3607:
1529:
2 of these statutes (of Mississippi and North Carolina) refer to fornication as well and thus also by definition ban any extramarital sex altogether.
534:
49:
3999:
2759:
1550:
Below is the list of the specific anti-cohabitation statutes (in states where there's an offense of cohabitation and where it's a separate offence):
2681:
2651:
1658:(see Dennis J. Baker, The Right Not to be Criminalized: Demarcating Criminal Law's Authority (Ashgate) chapter 2). Much of the criticism comes from
1288:
196:
3851:
2575:
1535:
Below is the list of the specific anti-fornication statutes (in states where there's an offense of fornication and where it's a separate offence):
3718:
3088:
2024:"2012 Rhode Island General Laws :: Title 11 - Criminal Offenses :: Chapter 11-6 - Bigamy and Adultery :: Chapter 11-6-2 - Adultery"
4559:
1086:
Until the 1990s, most Latin American countries had laws against adultery. Adultery has been decriminalized in most of these countries, including
611:
However, even in jurisdictions that have decriminalised adultery, adultery may still have legal consequences, particularly in jurisdictions with
4533:
1047:, although few people were actually executed. Examples of women who have been executed for adultery in Medieval and Early Modern Europe include
4462:
3055:
2480:
2285:
4258:
3013:
2935:
3431:
3234:
2311:
1048:
1043:
Before the 20th century, adultery was often punished harshly. In Scandinavia, in the 17th century, adultery and bigamy were subject to the
62:
2913:
2049:
5000:
4642:
4138:
1532:
1 of these statutes (of Michigan) considers cohabitation between ex-spouses after their divorce as falling under the crime of adultery.
4612:
2860:
1980:
1800:
1798:
while others are outlawing abortion, sex outside marriage and same-sex sexual activity – even punishable by death." The
4957:
4051:
2146:
1759:
Council of Europe Recommendation Rec(2002)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of women against violence
1382:
1235:
1114:(2005). In some countries, adultery laws have been struck down by courts on the ground that they discriminated against women, such as
975:
737:
96:
76:
4748:
3371:
2404:
772:
3521:
2230:
1319:
971:
4919:
3817:
3565:
2356:
their marriage in accordance with laws. Servicepersons' performance of their duties in accordance with the law is protected by law.
4236:
425:
58:
4689:
4419:
3885:
3271:
2783:
1567:
Mississippi (Unannotated Mississippi Code, § 93–5–29) (criminalizes cohabitation between 2 ex-spouses after divorce as adultery)
4082:
2830:
4846:
4364:
3919:
2245:
The Believer: How an Introvert with a Passion for Religion and Soccer Became Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Leader of the Islamic State
775:, punishments for adultery were differentiated based on gender of the spouse until 1935. Adultery is no longer a crime in the
3795:
1925:
1075:
658:, a jihadist fundamentalist group based in East Africa (mainly Somalia) and Yemen also implements an extreme form of Sharia.
72:
3033:
1954:
808:
4775:
3465:
3319:
1691:, England, a somewhat common practice was for husbands to encourage their wives to seduce another man, who they would then
1564:
Oklahoma (Oklahoma Statutes Annotated, § 43–123) (criminalizes cohabitation between 2 ex-spouses after divorce as adultery)
4206:
4168:
2882:
2517:
2457:
1442:
875:
527:
275:
192:
4339:
3409:
3109:
2602:
2544:
2370:"'Breaking a military marriage': 10 months' jail for man in China who had affair with wife of PLA soldier on active duty"
4727:
4442:"10 U.S. Code § 934 - Art. 134. General article | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute"
3774:
2512:
966:
it was possible from the early seventeenth century for a spouse to prosecute an adulterer for damages on the grounds of
287:
3110:
Laws on Adultery: Comparing the Historical Development of South African Common-law Principles with those in English Law
1255:
abolished its fornication and adultery laws in 1973. States which have decriminalised adultery in recent years include
674:, although in recent times it has been legally enforced only in Iran and Somalia. Most stoning cases are the result of
2426:
2113:
2082:
2023:
1895:
1723:
for adultery; or in the form of individual acts of violence committed against women by husbands or relatives, such as
1637:
were very harsh. Despite this, there is only one known execution for adultery in American history: it occurred in the
1492:
1248:
959:
655:
322:
3701:
2997:
1674:. It is also argued that adultery laws are rooted in religious doctrines; which should not be the case for laws in a
1452:
813:
784:
1558:
1412:
1392:
1292:
1056:
826:
157:
117:
4894:"Amnesty International | Afghanistan: Reject stoning, flogging, amputation and other Taliban-era punishments"
1432:
1584:
1472:
1462:
297:
112:
3194:
1118:(1996), where the Guatemalan Constitutional Court struck down the adultery law based both on the Constitution's
4995:
4875:
2374:
1869:
1623:
1482:
1402:
1362:
1220:
520:
344:
329:
4874:; pg. 859 "Lack of enforcement suggests the prevailing view that police resources are better spent elsewhere."
3761:
2734:
1352:
4581:
2965:
2338:
2009:
1761:
states that member states should: (...) "57. preclude adultery as an excuse for violence within the family".
3642:
2222:
1638:
1502:
954:
597:
248:
3611:
3995:
1741:
1641:
in 1643, when the married 18 year old Mary Latham and her extramarital lover James Britton were executed.
1422:
1323:
1303:
to the respective territory within the District that each state had ceded to the federal government under
1152:
842:
822:
715:
683:
496:
188:
147:
2673:
2647:
4399:
3843:
2567:
1700:
1512:
899:. The Ordinance has been particularly controversial because it requires a woman making an accusation of
850:
799:, adultery was a criminal offense before 2020. The law was challenged in 2002 when it was upheld by the
711:
666:
In jurisdictions where adultery is illegal, punishments vary from fines (for example in the US state of
468:
92:
44:
3726:
1165:
578:
from the 19th century. In countries where adultery is still a criminal offense, punishments range from
4555:
4530:
3754:"Statement by the United Nations Working Group on discrimination against women in law and in practice"
3085:
2794:
1522:
1378:
1308:
640:
292:
212:
3664:
491:
4990:
4372:
2277:
1766:
624:
620:
616:
356:
339:
174:
829:, only the husband could bring charges. The accused could be sentenced to two years imprisonment.
3942:
3897:
1655:
1103:
967:
896:
780:
594:
563:
398:
312:
282:
179:
169:
3911:
2307:
2905:
4985:
4513:
4369:
A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875
4115:
4087:
3290:
3213:
2226:
2165:
2054:
1728:
1240:
1151:
Adultery is not a crime in Canada. It has never been defined as a criminal offence within the
846:
575:
447:
410:
351:
302:
270:
88:
84:
3150:
1337:(Oklahoma, Michigan, and Wisconsin) and 14 states along with Puerto Rico criminalize it as a
4949:
4022:"Adultery and fornication: Why are states rushing to get these outdated laws off the books?"
3875:(1915), 43 N.B.R. 190, 24 C.C.C. 430, 26 D.L.R. 122, 13 Can. Abr. 16 (C.A.), per White, J.).
1634:
1627:
1438:
1372:
1327:
1284:
1140:
1064:
892:
804:
745:
699:
632:
612:
551:
378:
207:
164:
107:
2139:
1546:
sake of completeness because the crime is called "fornication" under the North Dakotan law)
4881:
4872:
Suffolk law review, The Validity of Criminal Adultery Prohibitions After Lawrence v. Texas
4731:
4537:
4526:
3892:
3821:
3116:
3092:
3001:
2837:
2816:
2798:
2787:
2766:
2396:
1786:
Human rights organizations have stated that legislation on sexual crimes must be based on
1671:
1667:
1580:
1119:
1052:
733:
442:
383:
132:
21:
3525:
3379:
1231:. These laws have gradually been abolished or struck down by courts as unconstitutional.
1791:
1724:
1659:
1603:
1488:
1448:
579:
415:
405:
361:
265:
102:
4402:
1654:
Laws against adultery have been named as invasive and incompatible with principles of
4979:
4703:
4415:
3264:
2780:
2214:
1675:
1576:
1572:
1554:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1044:
800:
749:
430:
142:
137:
122:
3342:"Next challenge is decriminalisation of drugs, PM maintains - The Malta Independent"
3509:
3492:
3175:
3155:
3138:
1827:
1795:
1754:
1615:
1478:
1458:
1252:
1228:
986:
905:
830:
741:
687:
675:
667:
590:
393:
373:
366:
334:
202:
184:
4668:
3787:
1950:
1921:
974:. Adultery was also illegal under secular statute law for the decade in which the
631:, etc. Adultery is not a ground for divorce in jurisdictions which have adopted a
608:(as well as Puerto Rico) although adultery charges are rare in the United States.
29:
4441:
3504:
3487:
3170:
3133:
1870:"IPS – Adultery Laws Unfairly Target Women, U.N. Says | Inter Press Service"
1822:
1307:, and adultery had been an indictable offense in Maryland since the passage of a
3457:
3311:
1663:
1607:
1518:
1428:
1338:
1224:
1060:
1018:
921:
695:
601:
503:
307:
152:
127:
80:
68:
4198:
3401:
2874:
2625:
2507:
2453:
4755:
4724:
2598:
2540:
1840:"Aceh woman, gang-raped by vigilantes for alleged adultery, now to be flogged"
1611:
994:
647:
605:
567:
508:
420:
54:
2397:"Taiwan's Constitutional Court rules criminalizing adultery unconstitutional"
783:. It is illegal to commit adultery with the spouse of a servicemember in the
2936:"South Korea's Constitutional Court strikes down controversial adultery law"
1696:
1508:
1280:
1157:, which was enacted in 1892, nor is it considered an offence at common law.
1123:
1115:
1099:
1095:
452:
317:
260:
4298:
4259:"Adultery and sodomy among consenting adults are no longer illegal in Utah"
710:
of another person, commits the offence of adultery ". Similarly, under the
670:) to caning in parts of Asia. In fifteen countries the punishment includes
4492:"Here's what you need to know about the biggest update to UCMJ in decades"
4284:
2994:
1981:"Women Around the World Are Being Stoned to Death. Do You Know the Facts?"
1762:
1732:
1716:
1688:
1498:
1468:
1418:
1408:
1388:
1300:
1296:
1260:
1087:
1006:
963:
937:
888:
635:
model, but may still be a factor in child custody and property disputes.
555:
236:
1244:) and as of 2019 the Supreme Court has not ruled directly on the issue.
1787:
1720:
1712:
1692:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1214: Adultery never criminalized, or unknown date of decriminalization
1029:
1022:
1014:
941:
760:
671:
651:
628:
571:
388:
4817:"Committee of Ministers - on the protection of women against violence"
4117:
Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation
3943:"CNN.com - Virginia strikes down state fornication law - Jan 25, 2005"
3488:
Deconstructing Sexuality in the Middle East: Challenges and Discourses
818:
on 31 May 2021, removing the article criminalizing adultery entirely.
574:. Such punishments have gradually fallen into disfavor, especially in
2738:
1750:
1599:
1398:
1334:
1247:
As of 1 December 2023, adultery remains a crime in 17 states and the
1127:
1107:
1068:
1037:
1010:
998:
945:
909:
796:
583:
3026:"A brief discussion on Infidelity, Concubinage, Adultery and Bigamy"
2508:"Constitutional Court hears debate on decriminalization of adultery"
2454:"Constitutional Court hears debate on decriminalization of adultery"
1703:) prohibiting men from having sex with women married to other men.
1276:
1111:
1091:
1002:
990:
982:
932:
931:
863:
776:
559:
3595:
Women and Democracy: Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe
981:
Among the last European countries to decriminalise adultery were
2626:"Legislature amends Criminal Code to remove adultery as a crime"
2343:
The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
1619:
1272:
900:
703:
2705:"Patriarchy & Paternalism Underpinnings of Section 497 IPC"
2339:"The Law of the People's Republic of China on National Defense"
1170:
Legality and decriminalization of adultery in the United States
895:, promulgated in 1979. The Ordinance sets a maximum penalty of
714:(Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code, until overturned by the
2541:"Adultery as criminal offense ruled unconstitutional (update)"
2481:"Taiwan: The liberal democracy where adultery remains a crime"
3505:
A Lutheran Plague: Murdering to Die in the Eighteenth Century
3235:"Aborto não deve ser uma prioridade da investigação criminal"
2566:
Wu, Cheng-feng; Chang, Wen-chuan; Chung, Jake (30 May 2020).
2260:
Al Qaeda, the Islamic State, and the Global Jihadist Movement
2004:
2002:
833:
became illegal, although private settlements still occurred.
682:
power in the community. Adultery may have consequences under
589:
Most countries that criminalize adultery are those where the
4556:"Beware cheaters: Your lover's spouse can sue you - CNN.com"
4199:"Bill Text: NH HB1125 - 2014 - Regular Session - Introduced"
2308:"Marriage Law of the People's Republic of China, Article 32"
1945:
1943:
4299:"Minnesota SF2909 | 2023-2024 | 93rd Legislature"
3566:"Nuevo Código eliminó delitos machistas y discriminatorios"
2597:
Wu, Hsin-yun; Hsiao, Po-wen; Hsu, Elizabeth (29 May 2020).
1587:
defines (para. 99) "Extramarital sexual conduct" as being:
904:
Similar laws exist in some other Muslim countries, such as
4950:"Document - Amnesty International - Amnesty International"
3165:
3163:
3134:
The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
2906:"Court: Adultery now not a crime in South Korea - CNN.com"
1195: Adultery decriminalized between 2010 and the present
1126:
in 2016. The adultery law of the Federal Criminal Code of
3777:
historico.tsj.gob.ve (in Spanish) Retrieved 31 March 2023
2202:
Reasoning with God: Reclaiming Shari'ah in the Modern Age
1122:
clause and on human rights treaties including CEDAW; and
650:
for criminal justice, the punishment for adultery may be
4052:"New Hampshire Senate votes to repeal anti-adultery law"
2791:
4920:"Sexual and reproductive rights under threat worldwide"
4613:"Wife Wins $ 9 Million From Husband's Alleged Mistress"
3996:"Ninth Circuit: Adultery Is Constitutionally Protected"
3597:, edited by Jane S. Jaquette, Sharon L. Wolchik, p. 62.
2114:"Afghan woman stoned to death over adultery accusation"
1823:
The doctrine and law of marriage, adultery, and divorce
951:
Adultery is no longer a crime in any European country.
4669:"The Price of Adultery in Puritan Massachusetts, 1641"
1539:
Georgia (Official Code of Georgia Annotated, § 16–6–8)
1143:
in 1975, abolishing adultery as a ground for divorce.
3886:
Adultery, an Ancient Crime That Remains on Many Books
3056:"Gabriela revives proposal to decriminalize adultery"
2853:"Analysis of South Koreas Adultery Law - Law Teacher"
2760:"Adultery law biased against men, says Supreme Court"
2599:"Opinions on adultery decriminalization ruling mixed"
2427:"Criminal Code of the Republic of China, Article 239"
2278:"Taiwan in Time: Two centuries of punishing cheaters"
1687:
There is a history of adultery laws being abused. In
4815:
Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers, Plenary.
4582:"740 ILCS 5/ Alienation of Affections Abolition Act"
1542:
Illinois (Illinois Compiled Statutes, § 720-5/11-40)
1287:
repealed its adultery law in 2003. When passing the
4690:"Mary Latham Marries an Older Man – and Regrets It"
3665:"Divorcio Rep. Dominicana - Carlos Felipe Law Firm"
3432:"Dupa 20 de ani, adulterul dispare din Codul penal"
2810:"NCW rejects proposal to punish women for adultery"
2648:"India celebrates as adultery is no longer a crime"
1782:
Consent as the basis of sexual offenses legislation
1201: Adultery decriminalized between 1990 and 2010
2831:"CAT penalises cop living with lover-Delhi-Cities"
2781:'Adultery law must apply equally to men and women'
2506:Lin, Chang-shun; Hsu, Elizabeth (March 31, 2020).
2112:Jethro Mullen; Masoud Popalzai (4 November 2015).
958:British territories of the British Empire) by the
686:even in countries where it is not outlawed by the
4770:
4768:
3970:"Judge rules state adultery law unconstitutional"
2452:Lin, Chang-shun; Hsu, Elizabeth (31 March 2020).
732:In Southwest Asia, adultery has attracted severe
550:are the laws in various countries that deal with
4285:"Idaho S1325 | 2022 | Regular Session"
4169:"Bill to repeal of Colorado adultery law signed"
3608:"Current Legal Framework: Adultery in Argentina"
2539:Lin, Chang-shun; Hsu, Elizabeth (29 May 2020).
2225:, New York. 2002 (first edition: 1987). p. 271
1318:Although adultery laws are mostly found in the
4365:"Statutes at Large, 6th Congress, 2nd Session"
2737:. Gangothri.org. 10 April 2013. Archived from
2050:"150 women face adultery flogging on Maldives"
972:Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1970
962:. However, in English and Welsh common law of
3788:"El Universal - - Adulterio ya no ser delito"
1326:), there are some notable exceptions such as
1139:adultery criminal laws. Australia changed to
528:
8:
4847:"Decriminalization of adultery and defenses"
4776:"Decriminalization of adultery and defenses"
3748:
3746:
3744:
3719:"Current Legal Framework: Adultery in Haiti"
3522:"Before 'Page Three' - University of Oxford"
3171:The European Transformation of Modern Turkey
2904:Greg Botelho; K.J. Kwon (26 February 2015).
2875:"South Korean court decriminalises adultery"
2271:
2269:
1765:has also stated in regard to the defense of
1333:In general, 3 US states criminalize it as a
474:Sex offender registries in the United States
4643:"Woman wins 'alienation of affection' case"
1951:"INFOGRAPHIC: Stoning - where is it legal?"
744:, the method of punishment for adultery is
4463:"Manual for courts-martial. United States"
4416:"STOWELL, COMMONWEALTH vs., 389 Mass. 171"
4314:"Va. Adultery Case Roils Divorce Industry"
600:. Notable exceptions to this rule are the
535:
521:
17:
3818:"Artículo 276 bis - CODIGO PENAL FEDERAL"
3151:Recent Social Trends in France, 1960–1990
1618:, and Utah) allow the possibility of the
1207: Adultery decriminalized before 1990
554:. Historically, many cultures considered
4704:"The American female hanged 1608 - 1937"
3548:"HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights"
2083:"3 women caned in Malaysia for adultery"
1289:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
1164:
4749:Kinky Cuckolding Fetish Goes Mainstream
3086:Adultery, Law, and the State: A History
2624:Wang, Yang-yu; Liu, Kay (31 May 2021).
2568:"Grand Justices decriminalize adultery"
1814:
481:
460:
220:
36:
20:
3675:from the original on 20 September 2020
3412:from the original on 11 September 2015
3295:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3288:
3218:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3211:
2995:Hudood laws open to change in Pakistan
2946:from the original on 20 September 2020
2715:from the original on 28 September 2018
2170:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2163:
1974:
1972:
615:laws, where adultery can constitute a
4562:from the original on 27 February 2015
4422:from the original on 9 September 2013
4139:"Bill Status - Complete Bill History"
4062:from the original on 2 September 2017
4045:
4043:
3949:from the original on 10 December 2012
3468:from the original on 25 December 2013
3233:Mariana Oliveira (18 December 2003).
3014:Revised Penal Code of the Philippines
2703:Sebastian, Manu (27 September 2018).
2684:from the original on 23 December 2019
2243:McCants, William (1 September 2015).
2221:. Updated Edition. Norton Paperback.
2219:The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom
2120:from the original on 2 September 2017
2093:from the original on 2 September 2017
2062:from the original on 26 December 2018
2030:from the original on 2 September 2017
1987:from the original on 26 February 2015
1902:from the original on 19 December 2013
1295:extended all of the criminal laws of
754:The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom
7:
4960:from the original on 6 November 2014
4930:from the original on 6 December 2014
4623:from the original on 11 January 2020
4494:. Militarytimes.com. 15 January 2019
4209:from the original on 16 October 2014
4028:from the original on 25 January 2020
4002:from the original on 24 January 2020
3854:from the original on 17 October 2015
3798:from the original on 21 October 2014
3576:from the original on 21 October 2014
1957:from the original on 27 January 2014
1049:Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria
4853:from the original on 8 January 2016
4312:Kelly, John F. (December 1, 2003).
4175:. Associated Press. 22 March 2013.
3968:Michael, Jenny (28 February 2005).
3941:Joanna Grossman (25 January 2005).
3922:from the original on 2 October 2013
3912:"N.C. Cohabitation Law Struck Down"
3458:"Turkey signals U-turn on adultery"
3245:from the original on 20 August 2016
2189:. Infobase Publishing. p. 174.
2152:from the original on 28 August 2017
1928:from the original on 9 January 2015
1876:from the original on 2 October 2013
1344:Below is the list of the statutes:
4786:from the original on 10 April 2014
4265:from the original on 30 March 2019
4179:from the original on 24 March 2013
4149:from the original on 19 April 2014
3850:. Commonwealth Consolidated Acts.
3695:"BRAZIL AND COMPLIANCE WITH CEDAW"
3322:from the original on 10 April 2014
2885:from the original on 1 August 2018
2735:"Adultery: Indian Law perspective"
2520:from the original on 11 April 2020
2460:from the original on 11 April 2020
2314:from the original on 25 April 2012
2288:from the original on 11 April 2020
1922:"Punishment for adultery in Islam"
1383:Official Code of Georgia Annotated
976:Commonwealth (Adultery) Act (1650)
876:South Korea's Constitutional Court
14:
4827:from the original on 4 March 2016
4338:Mundy, Liza (February 22, 1998).
3846:Human Rights (Sexual Conduct) Act
3700:. 1 February 2014. Archived from
3438:from the original on 14 July 2015
3277:from the original on 29 July 2014
3066:from the original on 18 July 2014
2976:from the original on 2 April 2015
2916:from the original on 2 April 2015
2487:from the original on 2 April 2020
2407:from the original on 24 July 2020
690:. For instance it may constitute
4592:from the original on 1 July 2017
4095:from the original on 15 May 2020
4083:"Why is adultery still a crime?"
4081:Rhode, Deborah L. (2 May 2016).
3976:from the original on 26 May 2016
3639:Gente Diversa de Baja California
3352:from the original on 5 June 2014
3123:, 19.2 (February 2013), 185-211.
2654:from the original on 7 July 2019
2605:from the original on 30 May 2020
2578:from the original on 7 June 2020
2547:from the original on 30 May 2020
2433:from the original on 4 June 2015
1872:. Ipsnews.net. 24 October 2012.
1219:The United States is one of few
891:, adultery is a crime under the
646:In Muslim countries that follow
502:
490:
28:
4649:from the original on 8 May 2014
4554:Wayne Drash (8 December 2009).
2368:Yan, Alice (14 February 2024).
1850:from the original on 8 May 2014
1699:, under laws (for examples see
1453:North Carolina General Statutes
3372:"Summary: Adultery in Romania"
1898:. Ohchr.org. 18 October 2012.
1076:European Court of Human Rights
1:
4736:Yale Undergraduate Law Review
2676:Joseph Shine v Union of India
2010:"Sharia law around the world"
1443:Consolidated Laws of New York
4050:Lee, Jolie (17 April 2014).
3610:. impowr.org. Archived from
2966:"South Koreans and Adultery"
2479:Hale, Erin (29 March 2020).
2276:Han Cheung (12 April 2020).
1707:Discrimination against women
1433:Unannotated Mississippi Code
598:Christian-majority countries
288:Criminal transmission of HIV
4229:"U.S. News - National News"
3310:Anne-Lise Head-König / AL.
2204:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1579:offense, falling under the
1493:South Carolina Code of Laws
1473:Oklahoma Statutes Annotated
1251:but prosecutions are rare.
1249:Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
960:Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
920:Adultery is a crime in the
5017:
5001:Extramarital relationships
4725:Government and the Bedroom
4611:ABC News (23 March 2010).
4544:, 5 September 2004, p. B1.
1924:. Religioustolerance.org.
1645:Criticism of adultery laws
1575:, adultery is a potential
1559:Massachusetts General Laws
1413:Annotated Code of Maryland
1393:Illinois Compiled Statutes
1293:6th United States Congress
1057:Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda
841:On 27 September 2018, the
777:People's Republic of China
740:. In some places, such as
702:or it may be a ground for
591:dominant religion is Islam
497:Human sexuality portal
118:Deviant sexual intercourse
4706:. Capitalpunishmentuk.org
4671:. Eyewitnesstohistory.com
4340:"Actually, It Is a Crime"
3000:27 September 2007 at the
1633:Laws against adultery in
1585:Manual for Courts-Martial
1483:Rhode Island General Laws
1463:North Dakota Century Code
1403:Kansas Statutes Annotated
845:ruled Section 497 of the
461:Sex offender registration
298:Female genital mutilation
3115:25 December 2019 at the
3030:Philippine e-Legal Forum
2797:17 December 2009 at the
2786:25 February 2008 at the
2375:South China Morning Post
1773:Use of limited resources
1624:alienation of affections
1363:Arizona Revised Statutes
1353:Alabama Revised Statutes
1221:industrialized countries
862:Adultery was a crime in
785:People's Liberation Army
4536:29 January 2017 at the
3972:. Bismarcktribune.com.
3099:, 38.1 (1986), 195-238.
3091:3 November 2019 at the
2836:5 November 2012 at the
2815:23 January 2020 at the
2765:24 October 2013 at the
2601:. Central News Agency.
2543:. Central News Agency.
2456:. Central News Agency.
2223:W.W. Norton and Company
1979:Mic (16 October 2013).
1639:Colony of Massachusetts
1503:Virginia Code Annotated
1495:, §§ 16-15-60-16-15-80)
1305:Article I, Section VIII
955:Adultery in English law
694:in countries where the
619:and may be a factor in
3084:Jeremy D. Weinstein, '
2258:Byman, Daniel (2015).
1746:
1742:violence against women
1685:
1423:Michigan Compiled Laws
1216:
1130:was repealed in 2011.
948:
843:Supreme Court of India
226:varies by jurisdiction
4880:18 April 2014 at the
4723:Weissler, Benjamin. "
3464:. 14 September 2004.
2792:http://www.rediff.com
2650:. 27 September 2018.
2628:. Central News Agency
2200:Khaled Abou El Fadl.
2187:Encyclopedia of Islam
1737:
1701:Criminal conversation
1680:
1168:
935:
851:gender discrimination
712:adultery law in India
469:Sex offender registry
3998:. 12 February 2018.
3945:. Articles.cnn.com.
3918:. 11 February 2009.
3635:"Leyes de Violencia"
3121:Fundamina (Pretoria)
3097:Hastings Law Journal
2942:. 26 February 2015.
2881:. 26 February 2015.
2741:on 27 September 2013
2185:Juan Eduardo Campo.
1285:District of Columbia
1185: Adultery is a
1176: Adultery is a
801:Constitutional Court
641:Kamala Chandrakirana
438:UK Section 63 (2008)
293:Cybersex trafficking
4558:. Edition.cnn.com.
4542:The Washington Post
4531:Of Lust and the Law
4373:Library of Congress
4344:The Washington Post
4318:The Washington Post
3707:on 1 February 2014.
3108:Marita Carnelley, '
2513:Central News Agency
1650:Political arguments
1322:states (especially
823:Qing rule in Taiwan
625:custody of children
621:property settlement
613:fault-based divorce
595:sub-Saharan African
175:Reproductive rights
50:Reproductive rights
4734:." July 13, 2012.
4730:2016-03-04 at the
3898:The New York Times
3891:3 May 2017 at the
3824:on 3 December 2013
3792:eluniversal.com.mx
3346:independent.com.mt
3036:on 21 October 2014
2970:The New York Times
2863:on 12 August 2014.
2841:The Times of India
2770:The Times of India
2345:. 26 December 2020
1656:limited government
1513:Wisconsin Statutes
1217:
1104:Dominican Republic
968:loss of consortium
949:
781:ground for divorce
617:ground for divorce
564:capital punishment
283:Child prostitution
249:Anti-miscegenation
180:Right to sexuality
170:Red-light district
113:Pedophile advocacy
73:Conversion therapy
63:Capital punishment
4849:. endvawnow.org.
4754:22 March 2019 at
4514:Lawrence v. Texas
4444:. Law.cornell.edu
4418:. Masscases.com.
4261:. 26 March 2019.
4088:Los Angeles Times
3884:Bronner, Ethan. "
3572:. 12 April 2009.
2055:Independent.co.uk
2012:. 20 August 2021.
1801:My Body My Rights
1729:crimes of passion
1598:Six U.S. states (
1241:Lawrence v. Texas
847:Indian Penal Code
576:Western countries
545:
544:
411:Sexual harassment
303:Forcible touching
271:Child pornography
221:Specific offences
193:Decriminalization
85:Same-sex marriage
77:Decriminalization
5008:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4956:. 6 March 2014.
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4900:on 20 April 2014
4896:. Archived from
4890:
4884:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4812:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4772:
4763:
4760:Psychology Today
4745:
4739:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4692:. 16 March 2015.
4686:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4551:
4545:
4524:
4518:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4472:. 8 January 2019
4467:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4412:
4406:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4235:. Archived from
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3908:
3902:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3820:. Archived from
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3794:. 18 June 2013.
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3764:on 6 March 2015.
3760:. Archived from
3750:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. Archived from
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3671:. 17 June 2014.
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3641:. Archived from
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3528:on 11 April 2014
3524:. Archived from
3518:
3512:
3501:
3495:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3378:. Archived from
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3193:. Archived from
3192:
3184:
3178:
3167:
3158:
3147:
3141:
3130:
3124:
3106:
3100:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3032:. Archived from
3022:
3016:
3011:
3005:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2972:. 1 April 2015.
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2859:. Archived from
2849:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2778:
2772:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2234:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2058:. 22 July 2009.
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1819:
1731:, and beatings.
1635:colonial America
1583:(Art. 134). The
1523:Puerto Rico Laws
1475:, §§ 21–871–872)
1395:, § 720-5-11/35)
1373:Florida Statutes
1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1184:
1175:
1141:no-fault divorce
1065:Catherine Howard
893:Hudood Ordinance
817:
805:Legislative Yuan
746:stoning to death
736:, including the
633:no-fault divorce
627:, the denial of
552:extramarital sex
537:
530:
523:
507:
506:
495:
494:
352:Public indecency
229:
208:Bodily integrity
165:Prostitution law
108:Marriageable age
32:
18:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4996:Human sexuality
4976:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4903:
4901:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4882:Wayback Machine
4870:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4762:. 24 June 2010.
4746:
4742:
4732:Wayback Machine
4722:
4718:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4674:
4672:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4565:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4538:Wayback Machine
4527:Jonathan Turley
4525:
4521:
4510:
4506:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4475:
4473:
4470:jsc.defense.gov
4465:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4423:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4392:Pollard v. Lyon
4390:
4386:
4377:
4375:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4348:
4346:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4322:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4239:on 29 July 2018
4227:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4180:
4173:The Denver Post
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4114:Paul B. Beers.
4113:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4049:
4048:
4041:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3952:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3893:Wayback Machine
3883:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3769:
3752:
3751:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3729:on 16 July 2017
3717:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3678:
3676:
3669:fc-abogados.com
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3645:on 3 March 2016
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3614:on 7 March 2015
3606:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3502:
3498:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3287:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3265:"Archived copy"
3263:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3210:
3203:
3201:
3200:on 3 March 2016
3197:
3190:
3188:"Archived copy"
3186:
3185:
3181:
3168:
3161:
3148:
3144:
3131:
3127:
3117:Wayback Machine
3107:
3103:
3093:Wayback Machine
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3062:. 30 May 2014.
3060:GMA News Online
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3008:
3002:Wayback Machine
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2838:Wayback Machine
2829:
2825:
2817:Wayback Machine
2808:
2804:
2799:Wayback Machine
2788:Wayback Machine
2779:
2775:
2767:Wayback Machine
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
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2623:
2622:
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2608:
2606:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2403:. 1 June 2020.
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2348:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2317:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2140:"Archived copy"
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2081:Sterling, Joe.
2080:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1784:
1775:
1709:
1672:public entities
1652:
1647:
1581:General article
1465:, § 12.1-20-09)
1425:, §§ 750.29-32)
1324:Southern states
1215:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1149:
1136:
1120:gender equality
1084:
1063:(in 1536), and
1053:Agnese Visconti
930:
918:
885:
879:not intervene.
872:
860:
839:
811:
793:
769:
730:
725:
664:
558:a very serious
541:
501:
489:
384:Sex trafficking
223:
222:
189:Workers' rights
148:Objectification
133:Public morality
59:Criminalization
22:Sex and the law
12:
11:
5:
5014:
5012:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4941:
4911:
4885:
4864:
4838:
4807:
4797:
4764:
4740:
4716:
4695:
4681:
4660:
4634:
4603:
4573:
4546:
4519:
4504:
4483:
4454:
4433:
4407:
4384:
4356:
4330:
4304:
4290:
4276:
4250:
4220:
4190:
4160:
4130:
4106:
4073:
4039:
4024:. 6 May 2019.
4013:
3987:
3960:
3933:
3903:
3877:
3865:
3835:
3809:
3779:
3767:
3740:
3710:
3686:
3656:
3625:
3599:
3587:
3557:
3539:
3513:
3496:
3479:
3449:
3423:
3393:
3382:on 9 July 2018
3363:
3333:
3316:hls-dhs-dss.ch
3302:
3256:
3225:
3179:
3159:
3142:
3125:
3101:
3077:
3047:
3017:
3006:
2987:
2957:
2927:
2896:
2866:
2857:lawteacher.net
2844:
2823:
2802:
2773:
2752:
2726:
2695:
2665:
2639:
2616:
2589:
2558:
2531:
2498:
2483:. Al Jazeera.
2471:
2444:
2418:
2388:
2360:
2330:
2299:
2265:
2262:. p. 175.
2250:
2235:
2215:Mackey, Sandra
2207:
2192:
2177:
2131:
2104:
2073:
2041:
2015:
1998:
1968:
1939:
1913:
1887:
1861:
1846:. 6 May 2014.
1831:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1792:child marriage
1783:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1725:honor killings
1708:
1705:
1660:libertarianism
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1604:North Carolina
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1489:South Carolina
1486:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1455:, § 14–26–184)
1449:North Carolina
1446:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1309:provincial law
1227:, adultery or
1210:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1181:
1172:
1162:
1159:
1148:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1083:
1080:
978:was in force.
929:
926:
917:
914:
884:
881:
871:
868:
859:
856:
838:
835:
792:
789:
768:
765:
729:
728:Southwest Asia
726:
724:
721:
663:
660:
593:, and several
543:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:
509:Law portal
499:
484:
483:
479:
478:
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463:
462:
458:
457:
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455:
450:
445:
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428:
418:
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406:Sexual assault
403:
402:
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391:
386:
381:
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371:
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364:
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327:
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266:Child grooming
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103:Age of consent
100:
66:
52:
47:
39:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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5013:
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4808:
4801:
4798:
4785:
4781:
4780:endvawnow.org
4777:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4747:Ley, David. "
4744:
4741:
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4729:
4726:
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4705:
4699:
4696:
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2019:
2016:
2011:
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2003:
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1986:
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1973:
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1956:
1953:. Trust.org.
1952:
1946:
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1927:
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1897:
1896:"DisplayNews"
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1676:secular state
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1577:court-martial
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1573:U.S. military
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1266:
1265:New Hampshire
1262:
1258:
1257:West Virginia
1254:
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1236:Supreme Court
1232:
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548:Adultery laws
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4436:
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4237:the original
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4064:. Retrieved
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4030:. Retrieved
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3963:
3953:28 September
3951:. Retrieved
3936:
3926:28 September
3924:. Retrieved
3915:
3906:
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3880:
3873:R. v. Strong
3872:
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3845:
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3822:the original
3812:
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3791:
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3526:the original
3516:
3510:Google Books
3503:
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3486:
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3247:. Retrieved
3238:
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3195:the original
3182:
3176:Google Books
3169:
3156:Google Books
3154:, p. 25, at
3149:
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3139:Google Books
3132:
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3068:. Retrieved
3059:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3034:the original
3029:
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2990:
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2960:
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2930:
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2861:the original
2856:
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2776:
2769:
2755:
2745:28 September
2743:. Retrieved
2739:the original
2729:
2719:30 September
2717:. Retrieved
2708:
2698:
2688:30 September
2686:. Retrieved
2675:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2619:
2607:. Retrieved
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2572:Taipei Times
2571:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2534:
2522:. Retrieved
2511:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2447:
2435:. Retrieved
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2401:Taiwan Today
2400:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2373:
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2342:
2333:
2316:. Retrieved
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2282:Taipei Times
2281:
2259:
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2086:
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2066:19 September
2064:. Retrieved
2053:
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2018:
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1959:. Retrieved
1930:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:28 September
1904:. Retrieved
1890:
1880:28 September
1878:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1843:
1834:
1828:Google Books
1821:
1817:
1799:
1796:marital rape
1785:
1776:
1755:manslaughter
1747:
1738:
1710:
1686:
1681:
1653:
1632:
1616:South Dakota
1597:
1593:
1588:
1570:
1549:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:, § 33–4758)
1479:Rhode Island
1459:North Dakota
1435:, § 97–29–1)
1405:, § 21–5511)
1385:, § 16–6–19)
1365:, § 13–1408)
1343:
1332:
1320:conservative
1317:
1313:
1283:(2023). The
1279:(2022), and
1253:Pennsylvania
1246:
1239:
1233:
1229:cohabitation
1218:
1186:
1177:
1169:
1153:
1150:
1137:
1110:(2005), and
1085:
1073:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1021:(1989), and
987:West Germany
980:
953:
950:
919:
906:Saudi Arabia
886:
873:
866:until 1947.
861:
840:
831:Wife selling
820:
807:amended the
794:
770:
758:
753:
752:, author of
742:Saudi Arabia
731:
708:
691:
688:criminal law
679:
676:mob violence
668:Rhode Island
665:
645:
637:
610:
588:
547:
546:
394:Sexual abuse
374:Revenge porn
335:Prostitution
241:
225:
213:Circumcision
203:Survival sex
185:Sex industry
15:
4954:amnesty.org
4924:amnesty.org
4596:17 February
4566:26 February
4512:See, e.g.,
4405: (1875)
4143:state.wv.us
3733:13 December
3633:redaccion.
3618:26 February
3472:19 February
3386:13 December
3204:28 December
3004:, July 2005
2156:2 September
2124:2 September
2097:2 September
2034:2 September
1991:26 February
1961:26 February
1932:26 February
1767:provocation
1608:Mississippi
1519:Puerto Rico
1515:, § 944.16)
1485:, § 11–6–2)
1445:, § 255.17)
1429:Mississippi
1375:, § 798.01)
1339:misdemeanor
1225:fornication
1187:misdemeanor
1061:Anne Boleyn
1059:(in 1418),
1055:(in 1391),
1051:(in 1256),
1019:Switzerland
922:Philippines
916:Philippines
870:South Korea
812: [
779:, but is a
700:fault based
696:divorce law
606:U.S. states
602:Philippines
448:Trafficking
308:Fornication
153:Pornography
97:Transgender
81:Civil union
69:LGBT rights
4991:Family law
4980:Categories
4964:4 December
4904:4 December
4857:19 January
4831:19 January
4756:Archive-It
4710:2022-05-09
4675:2022-05-09
4498:2022-05-09
4448:2022-05-09
4378:2008-07-10
4213:10 October
4032:24 January
4006:24 January
3858:9 November
3828:21 October
3802:21 October
3775:Decisiones
3723:impowr.org
3679:21 October
3649:21 October
3580:21 October
3570:ultimahora
3406:legeaz.net
3376:impowr.org
3312:"Ehebruch"
3070:21 October
3040:21 October
2709:LiveLaw.in
2326:中华人民共和国婚姻法
2318:25 October
1809:References
1664:prosecuted
1622:action of
1612:New Mexico
995:Luxembourg
970:until the
662:Punishment
656:Al-Shabaab
648:Sharia law
568:mutilation
261:Bestiality
55:Homophobia
4066:23 August
4056:USA Today
3758:ohchr.org
3416:13 August
3402:"Adulter"
2820:The Hindu
1697:blackmail
1668:penalized
1509:Wisconsin
1311:in 1715.
1281:Minnesota
1238:decision
1134:Australia
1124:Venezuela
1116:Guatemala
1100:Nicaragua
1096:Argentina
936:Adultery
874:In 2015,
734:sanctions
684:civil law
453:Voyeurism
426:U.S. laws
379:Seduction
362:statutory
345:procuring
318:Obscenity
254:U.S. laws
4986:Adultery
4958:Archived
4928:Archived
4878:Archived
4851:Archived
4825:Archived
4790:31 March
4784:Archived
4752:Archived
4728:Archived
4647:Archived
4627:16 April
4621:Archived
4617:ABC News
4590:Archived
4560:Archived
4534:Archived
4476:31 March
4420:Archived
4263:Archived
4233:ABC News
4207:Archived
4203:LegiScan
4177:Archived
4153:17 April
4147:Archived
4099:16 April
4093:Archived
4060:Archived
4026:Archived
4000:Archived
3974:Archived
3947:Archived
3920:Archived
3916:CBS News
3889:Archived
3852:Archived
3796:Archived
3673:Archived
3574:Archived
3466:Archived
3462:BBC News
3436:Archived
3410:Archived
3350:Archived
3320:Archived
3291:cite web
3272:Archived
3243:Archived
3214:cite web
3113:Archived
3089:Archived
3064:Archived
2998:Archived
2974:Archived
2950:28 March
2944:Archived
2940:ABC News
2920:28 March
2914:Archived
2883:Archived
2879:BBC News
2834:Archived
2813:Archived
2795:Archived
2784:Archived
2763:Archived
2713:Archived
2682:Archived
2652:Archived
2603:Archived
2576:Archived
2545:Archived
2518:Archived
2491:11 April
2485:Archived
2464:11 April
2458:Archived
2431:Archived
2405:Archived
2312:Archived
2292:12 April
2286:Archived
2166:cite web
2147:Archived
2118:Archived
2091:Archived
2060:Archived
2028:Archived
1985:Archived
1955:Archived
1926:Archived
1900:Archived
1874:Archived
1848:Archived
1763:UN Women
1733:UN Women
1717:flogging
1689:Somerset
1628:mistress
1499:Virginia
1469:Oklahoma
1439:New York
1419:Michigan
1409:Maryland
1389:Illinois
1328:New York
1301:Virginia
1297:Maryland
1275:(2019),
1271:(2018),
1267:(2014),
1263:(2013),
1261:Colorado
1259:(2010),
1106:(1997),
1102:(1996),
1098:(1995),
1094:(1994),
1090:(1990),
1088:Paraguay
1025:(1997).
1017:(1987),
1013:(1983),
1009:(1982),
1007:Portugal
1005:(1978),
1001:(1975),
997:(1974),
993:(1973),
989:(1969),
985:(1969),
938:graffiti
889:Pakistan
883:Pakistan
680:de facto
556:adultery
443:Violence
323:U.S. law
237:Adultery
93:Intersex
89:Adoption
4821:coe.int
4645:. UPI.
4243:29 July
3552:coe.int
3356:28 July
3326:28 July
3281:28 July
3249:29 July
3239:PÚBLICO
2980:7 April
2889:21 June
2524:May 29,
2381:28 June
2349:28 June
2116:. CNN.
2087:CNN.com
1983:. Mic.
1844:The Age
1788:consent
1721:hanging
1713:stoning
1571:In the
1379:Georgia
1369:Florida
1359:Arizona
1349:Alabama
1030:Romania
1023:Austria
1015:Belgium
942:Bristol
821:During
761:stoning
672:stoning
652:stoning
629:alimony
604:and 17
572:torture
482:Portals
416:Slavery
389:Sexting
367:marital
330:Pimping
45:Consent
4394:,
4269:5 June
3532:5 June
3442:23 May
2658:7 July
2632:3 June
2609:30 May
2582:30 May
2551:29 May
2411:1 June
2328:第三十二条)
2229:
1751:murder
1600:Hawaii
1399:Kansas
1335:felony
1291:, the
1212:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1178:felony
1174:
1147:Canada
1128:Mexico
1108:Brazil
1069:hanged
1038:Turkey
1011:Greece
999:France
946:Banksy
928:Europe
910:Brunei
797:Taiwan
791:Taiwan
623:, the
584:caning
421:Sodomy
340:forced
313:Incest
143:Ethics
4934:8 May
4653:8 May
4466:(PDF)
4398:
3848:1994"
3705:(PDF)
3698:(PDF)
3275:(PDF)
3268:(PDF)
3198:(PDF)
3191:(PDF)
2437:4 May
2150:(PDF)
2143:(PDF)
1854:7 May
1277:Idaho
1112:Haiti
1092:Chile
1003:Spain
991:Malta
983:Italy
944:, by
897:death
864:Japan
858:Japan
837:India
816:]
773:China
767:China
692:fault
580:fines
570:, or
560:crime
399:child
128:Norms
4966:2016
4936:2014
4906:2016
4859:2015
4833:2015
4792:2014
4655:2014
4629:2020
4598:2016
4568:2015
4478:2023
4428:2013
4400:U.S.
4351:2022
4325:2022
4271:2019
4245:2018
4215:2014
4185:2013
4155:2014
4125:2013
4101:2020
4068:2017
4034:2020
4008:2020
3982:2013
3955:2013
3928:2013
3860:2012
3830:2014
3804:2014
3735:2018
3681:2014
3651:2014
3620:2015
3582:2014
3534:2014
3474:2014
3444:2015
3418:2015
3388:2018
3358:2014
3328:2014
3297:link
3283:2014
3251:2014
3220:link
3206:2015
3072:2014
3042:2014
2982:2015
2952:2015
2922:2015
2891:2018
2747:2013
2721:2018
2690:2018
2660:2019
2634:2021
2611:2020
2584:2020
2553:2020
2526:2020
2493:2020
2466:2020
2439:2013
2413:2020
2383:2024
2351:2024
2320:2011
2294:2020
2233:pbk.
2227:ISBN
2172:link
2158:2017
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