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materials. Because of this, composites will probably always be used more in military aircraft, which are constantly being maintained, than in commercial aircraft, which have to require less maintenance. Aluminium still remains a remarkably useful material for aircraft structures and metallurgists have worked hard to develop better aluminium alloys, for example
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often require complex and expensive fabrication machines. Aluminium, by contrast, is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and repair, for example in a minor collision an aluminium component can often be hammered back into its original shape, whereas a crunched fiberglass component will likely have to be completely replaced.
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before failure. Composites, on the other hand, are less damage tolerant and undergo much less plastic deformation before failure. An airplane made entirely from aluminium can be repaired almost anywhere. This is not the case for composite materials, particularly as they use different and more exotic
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will increasingly see the use of advanced composites toward the year 2000(Its now 2024 this is out of date). At present, both manual and automated processes are employed in making advanced-composite parts. As automated processes become more predominant, the costs of advanced composites are expected
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Despite their strength and low weight, composites have not been a miracle solution for aircraft structures. Composites are typically difficult to inspect for flaws. Some of them absorb moisture. Most importantly, they can be prohibitively expensive, primarily because they are labor-intensive and
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The
Advanced composites industry, or Advanced composite materials industry, is characterized by the use of expensive, high-performance resin systems and high-strength, high-stiffness fiber reinforcement. The aerospace industry, including
198:. The industry can be generally divided into two basic segments, industrial composites and advanced composites. Several of the composites manufacturing processes are common to both segments. The two basic segments are described below.
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and some type of fiber reinforcement (typically glass fibers) are used in the production of a wide spectrum of industrial components and consumer goods: boats, piping, auto bodies, and a variety of other parts and components.
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necessary to provide the high-performance resin systems used in this segment of the industry. End-users also tend to be large, and many are in the aircraft and aerospace businesses.
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sectors. Even more specifically ACMs are very attractive for aircraft and aerospace structural parts. ACMs have been developing for NASA's
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to decline to the point at which these materials will be used widely in electronic, machinery, and surface transportation equipment.
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127:(MMCs). Also, materials within these categories are often called "advanced" if they combine the properties of high (axial,
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The industrial composites industry has been in place for over 40 years in the U.S. This large industry utilizes various
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of all types, is the major customer for advanced composites. These materials have also been adopted for use by the
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are generally part of the public domain and may be used, reproduced and distributed without permission.
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This article is about advanced materials and their applications. For the scientific journal, see
552:(Centennial of Flight Commemoration Act Public Law 105-389 105th Congress (November 13, 1998))
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Manufacturing ACMs is a multibillion-dollar industry worldwide. Composite products range from
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Aluminium has a relatively high fracture toughness, allowing it to undergo large amounts of
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While aerospace is the predominant market for advanced composites today, the industrial and
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Suppliers of advanced composite materials tend to be larger companies capable of doing the
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markets; as well as in the swimming pool industry with
Composite wall structures.
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174:. Additionally, ACMs have a decades long history in military and government
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characteristics, compared to other materials, while bound together by weaker
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Materials with unusually strong, elastic fibres bound by weaker matrices
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61:. These are termed "advanced composite materials" in comparison to the
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Advanced composite materials have broad, proven applications, in the
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347:. Large database of companies involved in composite materials.
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547:. NASA. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from
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492:"Introduction to Advanced Composites and Prepreg Technology"
218:, and other specialty resins. These materials, along with a
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that are generally characterized by unusually high strength
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Public domain content from a U.S. government department.
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Advanced composite materials with application to bridges
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that include light weight coupled with high stiffness (
415:(Chap 1 Introduction, and Chapter 2 "Matrix Resins")
168:of the USA, and high-temperature shafting for the
449:"Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites"
408:Pilato, L.; Michno, Michael J. (January 1994).
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384:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
368:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
111:Composites are classified according to their
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563:Public domain content (see above reference)
497:. Advanced Composites Group. Archived from
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466:Materials created by the federal government
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319:NASA Advanced Space Transportation Program
81:while occupying a large fraction of the
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88:Advanced composites exhibit desirable
153:Advanced Space Transportation Program
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545:"Composites and Advanced Materials"
344:Worldwide Composites Search Engine
186:Overview and historical perspective
382:from websites or documents of the
366:from websites or documents of the
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455:from the original on 28 May 2010
378: This article incorporates
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362: This article incorporates
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339:Carbon-Fiber Composites for Cars
117:polymer matrix composites (PMCs)
337:Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
165:Federal Aviation Administration
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451:. U.S. Department of Labor.
417:. Springer-Verlag New York.
411:Advanced composite materials
131:) strength values and high (
115:. These classifications are
35:advanced composite materials
22:Advanced Composite Materials
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250:high-performance equipment
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595:Fibre-reinforced polymers
121:ceramic matrix composites
302:aluminium-lithium alloys
281:research and development
65:commonly in use such as
543:Day, Dwayne A. (2003).
341:. Vol. 33, No. 3, 2000.
180:undergraduate education
156:, armor protection for
125:metal matrix composites
380:public domain material
364:public domain material
334:. September 30, 1991.
202:Industrial composites
194:to components of the
55:modulus of elasticity
447:OSHA (May 4, 2009).
176:aerospace industries
75:high strength fibers
49:with unusually high
580:Composite materials
502:(free PDF download)
330:Buckland, Peter G.
297:plastic deformation
248:suppliers who sell
242:commercial aircraft
231:Advanced composites
171:Comanche helicopter
94:chemical properties
67:reinforced concrete
63:composite materials
471:2015-12-07 at the
314:Composite material
273:automotive markets
210:systems including
106:aerospace industry
590:Ceramic materials
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287:Limitations
192:skateboards
574:Categories
558:2010-06-05
508:2010-06-05
459:2010-06-05
352:References
137:electrical
98:elasticity
69:, or even
212:polyester
51:stiffness
43:materials
24:(journal)
469:Archived
453:Archived
308:See also
238:military
220:catalyst
162:and the
144:aircraft
90:physical
71:concrete
59:matrices
266:archery
262:fishing
252:to the
79:density
523:"Home"
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264:, and
258:tennis
83:volume
47:fibres
41:) are
495:(PDF)
216:epoxy
208:resin
133:axial
53:, or
419:ISBN
254:golf
240:and
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222:or
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