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history in the second coming of Jesus Christ. Since this anticipation is characterized by hope -- in contrast to the repentance characteristic of Lent -- the color for the season should not be purple, with its mood of solemnity and somberness, but blue with its hopefulness. Admittedly, there is a some subjectivity in linking colors with certain moods. There is precedent for the use of blue during Advent. The
Swedish Church and the Mozarabic rite (the rite used in the parts of Spain under Moorish rule from the eighth to the twelfth centuries) used blue. … The Evangelical Lutheran Church in its 1978 Lutheran Book of Worship lists blue as the preferred color for Advent, but leaves purple as an option. The rule of thumb here is this: Your congregation may use either color.
173:, would ask daily if Christmas had arrived. In 1839, he took a large wooden ring from an old cartwheel and decorated it with 24 small red candles and four large white candles. One small candle was lit successively every weekday and Saturday during Advent, and a large white candle was lit each Sunday. The custom gained ground among Protestant churches in Germany and evolved into the smaller wreath with four or five candles known today. Roman Catholics in Germany began to adopt the custom in the 1920s, and in the 1930s it spread to North America. Haemig's research also indicates that the custom did not reach the United States until the 1930s, even among German Lutheran immigrants.
319:, Anthony Coniaris states that an Eastern Christian wreath consists of six different colored candles on a round base to celebrate the six weeks of the 40-day Advent and Christmas period. A green candle, symbolizing faith, is lit on the first Sunday that begins on November 15; on the second Sunday, a blue candle, symbolizing hope, is lit; on the third Sunday, a gold candle, symbolizing love; on the fourth Sunday, a white candle, symbolizing peace; on the fifth Sunday, a purple candle, symbolizing repentance; on the sixth Sunday, a red candle, symbolizing communion.
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Baker said. "People are struggling economically. People are in dire need of hope." For
Christians, that hope comes from the birth of Jesus, he said. For the first week, there is one purple candle lit on the Advent wreath every day. Another is added the second week. A pink candle is lit the third week, another purple candle the fourth week. The three purple candles and the pink candle are all lit on the last Sunday before Christmas and throughout that week. A white candle at the center of most Advent wreaths, the Christ candle, is lit on Christmas day, Baker said.
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The Advent wreath, four candles on a wreath of evergreen, is shaped in a perfect circle to symbolize the eternity of God. In some churches, four purple candles, one for each week in Advent, are used with one larger white candle in the middle as the Christ candle. Other churches prefer three purple or
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The first clear association with Advent is generally attributed to German
Lutherans in the 16th century. However, another three centuries would pass before the modern Advent wreath took shape. Specifically, a German theologian and educator by the name of Johann Hinrich Wichern (1808–1881) is credited
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In medieval times, Advent was a period of fasting during which people's thoughts were directed to the expected second coming of Christ; but in modern times many have forgotten this meaning and it has instead been primarily seen as the lead up to
Christmas, and in that context the Advent wreath serves
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An Advent wreath is traditionally made of evergreens in a circle, symbolizing God's unending love. It includes three purple candles, and the candle for the third week of Advent is pink in most Advent wreaths. It signifies the hope of the coming of Christ, Baker said. "Hope is needed in our culture,"
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The genesis of the introduction of blue into the liturgical colors comes from continued reflection on the calendar of the
Christian year, particularly on the season of Advent. Here is how the reasoning goes: Advent is a season of preparation that anticipates both Bethlehem and the consummation of
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of the
Catholic Church also had four red candles. In the UK, the four red Advent candles are often linked to the Sunday Revised Common Lectionary readings for Advent, each candle representing those looking forward to the coming of Christ: the hope of all God's people (week one), the Old Testament
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The first week of Advent we remember the gift of hope we have in Christ. … The second week of Advent we remember the gift of Peace we have in Christ. … The third week of Advent we remember the gift of Joy we have in Christ. … The fourth week of Advent we remember the gift of Love we have in
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the
Christian concepts of hope, peace, joy and love, with these candles being lit subsequently throughout each week of the Advent season. Many Advent wreaths also have a white candle in the center, known as the 'Christ candle', to symbolize the arrival of
288:, violet is the historic liturgical color for three of the four Sundays of Advent as it is the traditional color of penitential seasons; blue has been historically used too, as it represents hopefulness, reflective of the theme of Advent surrounding the
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In many
Catholic and Protestant churches, the most popular colors for the four surrounding Advent candles are violet (or blue) and rose, corresponding with the colors of the liturgical vestments for the Sundays of Advent. For denominations of the
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The wreath's circle reminds
Christians of God's endless love and mercy. The evergreen leaves represent the hope of eternal life brought by Jesus Christ. The candles symbolize the light of God coming into the world through the birth of Jesus
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The largest candle, which sits in the middle of the wreath, is the Christ candle and is the focal symbol of the Advent wreath. The Christ candle is lit on
Christmas Day and may be used throughout the Christmas and Epiphany
186:. This "make" became one of the program's most iconic features, repeated each year, and was the introduction of this tradition to most of the broadly Anglican audience. In later years, the candles were replaced by
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Finally, the light that has come into the world is plainly visible as the Christ candle is lighted at Christmas, and worshippers rejoice over the fact that the hope and promise of long ago have been realized.
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blue candles with one candle being rose or pink, to represent joy. … During each Sunday of the Advent season, we focus on one of the four virtues Jesus brings us: Hope, Love, Joy and Peace.
125:. An additional candle is lit on each subsequent Sunday until, by the last Sunday of Advent, all four candles are lit. Some Advent wreaths include a fifth, Christ candle which is lit on
163:(1808–1881), a Lutheran pastor in Germany and a pioneer in urban mission work among the poor, as the inventor of the modern Advent wreath. During Advent, children at the mission school
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The concept of the Advent wreath originated among German Lutherans in the 16th century. However, it was not until three centuries later that the modern Advent wreath took shape.
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Every day during Advent, the candle is lit and burnt down to the next number. In many homes, a reading from the Bible and a prayer accompanies the lighting of the candle.
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Week one of Advent we light one candle on the Advent wreath and reflect on the gift of Hope. Week two we dedicate to Peace. Week three honors Joy. Week four, Love.
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In other Protestant churches, especially in the United Kingdom, it is more common for Advent wreaths to have four red candles (reflecting their traditional use in
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of this Sunday); it is a pause in the penitential spirit of Advent. As such, the third candle, representing joy, is often a different color from the other three.
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252:. The Christ candle is white because this is the traditional festal color in the Western Church. An additional layer of meaning names the first candle as the
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The Advent wreath usually rests on a horizontal surface. This is especially appropriate when it is used in the home as the center for daily Advent devotions.
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In 2006 photographers snapped a few shots of the Advent wreath in Benedict XVI's office. The German pontiff's wreath featured four red candles.
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In 1964, an Advent crown, made at home from wire coathangers and tinsel, appeared on the BBC's bi-weekly children's TV program
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925:"Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - Resources - Lighting the Advent Wreath in the Tradition of Hope, Peace, Joy, and Love"
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It apparently emanated from the Lutheran tradition, but it has been appropriated by almost all other traditions.
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or Christmas Day. The custom originated in family settings but has also become widespread in public worship.
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It is believed that the European advent wreath began as a Lutheran innovation in the sixteenth century.
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prophets (week two), John the Baptist (week three) and Mary the mother of Jesus (week four).
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The use of an Advent Wreath originated a few hundred years ago among Lutherans in Germany.
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Historically, the Advent wreath is a Lutheran custom dating back three hundred years ago.
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with the idea of lighting an increasing number of candles as Christmas approached.
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Christmas, Celebrating the Christian History of Classic Symbols, Songs and Stories
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families have adopted an Advent wreath with six candles, symbolizing the longer
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in Orthodox tradition, which corresponds to Advent in Western Christianity.
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79:, is a Christian tradition that symbolizes the passage of the four weeks of
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1206:"Year C - Advent - First Sunday of Advent : Revised Common Lectionary"
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and their joy, and the fourth is the Angel's candle, representing peace.
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Haemig, Mary Jane (2005). "The Origin and Spread of the Advent Wreath".
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292:. Rose is the liturgical color for the Third Sunday of Advent, known as
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One of the four candles is lit every Sunday of Advent until Christmas.
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984:"Birmingham Catholic Bishop Robert J. Baker writes Advent devotional"
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At Home with God: A Complete Liturgical Guide for the Christian Home
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The Catholicism Answer Book: The 300 Most Frequently Asked Questions
355:
Advent wreath with one rose candle and three purple candles, all lit
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For the use of a single candle marked with the days of Advent, see
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296:(from the Latin word meaning "rejoice ye", the first word of the
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841:. St. Robert Bellarmine Parish: A Roman Catholic Faith Community
449:. Office of Theology and Worship, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).
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Advent wreath with three purple candles and one rose candle
735:"Johann Hinrich Wichern – Der Erfinder des Adventskranzes"
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Advent wreaths are circular, representing God's infinite
1231:"The Advent Wreath and Advent Candles - Christmas 2009"
34:
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who predicted the coming of Jesus), the second is the
1259:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Light and Life Publishing.
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896:"What do the candles in our Advent wreath mean?"
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523:. Unitarian Universalist Ministers Association.
290:First Coming of Jesus and Second Coming of Jesus
67:Advent wreath with a Christ candle in the center
1045:"What Is the Candle of Hope for Advent? Week 1"
95:practice, although it has spread to many other
1292:including two examples of Advent Wreath carols
1257:Making God Real in the Orthodox Christian Home
317:Making God Real in the Orthodox Christian Home
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737:(in German). Medienwerkstatt. 5 January 2008
690:. Holiday Classics Publishing. p. 167.
177:as a reminder of the approach of the feast.
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621:The Season of Advent: Anticipation and Hope
446:The Companion to the Book of Common Worship
18:
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1172:"Why are Advent candles pink and purple?"
480:John Trigilio, Kenneth Brighenti (2007).
868:. Episcopal Church of the Holy Comforter
866:"The Gifts of Hope, Peace, Joy and Love"
799:Geddes, Gordon; Griffiths, Jane (2002).
554:Geddes, Gordon; Griffiths, Jane (2001).
205:Christian symbolism in the Advent wreath
24:This is an accepted version of this page
1286:at the Lutheran Missouri Synod web site
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435:
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3428:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
7:
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1826:Bereitet die Wege, bereitet die Bahn
268:candle (representing the journey of
1912:Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent
1793:Hark, a Thrilling Voice Is Sounding
1650:Lo! He comes with clouds descending
982:Garrison, Greg (27 November 2010).
632:from the original on 2 January 2011
520:Celebrating Christmas: An Anthology
1671:Macht weit die Pforten in der Welt
590:Symbols of Church Seasons and Days
367:Advent arrangement, Czech Republic
231:coming into the world through the
190:, out of concern for fire safety.
49:
1430:Davidic dynasty in Bible prophecy
1210:lectionary.library.vanderbilt.edu
1145:"Christian celebration of Advent"
756:"An Advent Crown for Christmas".
3849:
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3304:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3199:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2058:
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1751:Sei uns willkommen, Herre Christ
1699:Der Morgenstern ist aufgedrungen
1568:Come, thou Redeemer of the earth
393:
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151:Research by Mary Jane Haemig of
1897:Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme
1834:Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben
1800:Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme
1765:There is no rose of such virtue
1097:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Advent"
1015:Crow, Earl (21 December 2019).
3284:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3213:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
2596:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2375:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1739:Of the Father's Heart Begotten
1725:O Heiland, reiĂź die Himmel auf
1589:Come, Thou Long Expected Jesus
1413:Christian messianic prophecies
1121:. Adoremus.org. Archived from
927:. 30 July 2016. Archived from
1:
3235:Christmas television specials
3134:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2221:Annunciation to the shepherds
1955:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1905:Wachet! betet! betet! wachet!
1678:Maria durch ein Dornwald ging
801:Christian Belief and Practice
307:). An Advent wreath given to
144:Advent wreath as designed by
3289:Christmas and holiday season
1867:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
1859:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
1851:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
1706:Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland
626:Christian Research Institute
594:. Morehouse-Barlow Company.
276:), the third represents the
3882:Christian religious objects
1786:Vi tänder ett ljus i advent
1779:Savior of the Nations, Come
1692:Mit Ernst, o Menschenkinder
1685:Meine Seele, dank und singe
1636:Jesus Christ the Apple Tree
900:The United Methodist Church
211:Liturgical colors of Advent
3910:
2201:Adoration of the Shepherds
1875:This Is the Record of John
1818:Ă„rgre dich, o Seele, nicht
1732:O How Shall I Receive Thee
1603:Es ist ein Ros entsprungen
1255:Coniaris, Anthony (1977).
1170:Manning, Kathleen (2015).
1099:. New Advent. 1 March 1907
1067:"The Color Blue in Advent"
208:
53:
3844:
3445:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3206:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3127:The Oxford Book of Carols
2703:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2266:Massacre of the Innocents
2115:
2033:
1948:The Oxford Book of Carols
1882:Unser lieben Frauen Traum
1758:Singet fröhlich im Advent
1629:In das Warten dieser Welt
1537:Advent är mörker och kyla
1389:
686:Mosteller, Angie (2010).
260:candle (representing the
3247:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1976:Hymns Ancient and Modern
1810:Cantatas and other music
1772:Tochter Zion, freue dich
1718:O Come, O Come, Emmanuel
773:Reardon, Patrick Henry.
286:Western Christian Church
169:, founded by Wichern in
91:. It is traditionally a
31:latest accepted revision
3409:Small Business Saturday
3279:Black Friday (shopping)
3274:Black Friday (partying)
2768:Nine Lessons and Carols
2698:Events and celebrations
2065:Christianity portal
1917:List of Advent cantatas
1657:Long Ago, Prophets Knew
1643:KĂĽndet allen in der Not
1071:Discipleship Ministries
836:"Advent Wreath Prayers"
775:"The Origins of Advent"
654:Colbert, Teddy (1996).
443:Peter C. Bower (2003).
97:Christian denominations
51:Symbol of Advent period
3053:Post-War United States
1941:The New English Hymnal
1561:Bereden väg för Herran
1177:U.S. Catholic Magazine
586:Bradner, John (1977).
161:Johann Hinrich Wichern
148:
146:Johann Hinrich Wichern
68:
3102:Hit singles in the US
3097:Hit singles in the UK
2658:Carols by Candlelight
2586:Santa Claus' daughter
2194:Adoration of the Magi
2000:Anglican church music
1615:The Holly and the Ivy
1582:The Cherry-Tree Carol
1575:Conditor alme siderum
1486:Hanging of the greens
1450:Saint Joseph's dreams
1119:"What Color is Lent?"
1022:Winston-Salem Journal
517:Carl Seaburg (2003).
305:Christmas decorations
244:. It is first lit on
233:birth of Jesus Christ
209:Further information:
143:
66:
3877:Christmas in Germany
3394:Santa's Candy Castle
2718:Google Santa Tracker
1622:Hosianna, Davids son
953:Long, Gavin (2011).
864:Howe, Heath (2013).
785:on 13 November 2017.
193:More recently, some
3399:Santa Claus Village
3314:Christmas Mountains
3220:Journey of the Magi
2226:Baptism of the Lord
1555:Angelus ad virginem
1296:Advent Bible Themes
988:The Birmingham News
957:. Paraclete Press.
387:Christianity portal
157:St. Paul, Minnesota
85:liturgical calendar
21:Page version status
3509:Twelve-dish supper
3359:Jews and Christmas
3309:Christmas Lectures
3038:American Civil War
2773:NORAD Tracks Santa
2149:Saint Nicholas Day
1969:The English Hymnal
1926:Music publications
1664:Macht hoch die TĂĽr
1435:Genealogy of Jesus
1383:Saint Nicholas Day
1235:projectbritain.com
1151:. 16 November 2010
1047:. christianity.com
717:Lutheran Quarterly
149:
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3504:Thirteen desserts
3424:Virginia O'Hanlon
3269:Advent Conspiracy
3183:Films (Christmas,
3175:A Christmas Carol
3120:Carols for Choirs
2663:Cavalcade of Magi
2643:Boar's Head Feast
2312:Star of Bethlehem
2283:Nativity of Jesus
2271:flight into Egypt
2156:St. Stephen's Day
2073:
2072:
1934:Carols for Choirs
1609:Gabriel's Message
1530:Adam lay ybounden
1491:Christmas markets
1284:Advent wreath FAQ
1266:978-0-9370320-7-7
1043:Bollinger, Hope.
964:978-1-55725-842-7
814:978-0-435-30691-5
759:Blue Peter annual
697:978-0-9845649-0-3
669:978-0-87905-700-8
658:The Living Wreath
618:Dennis Bratcher.
601:978-0-8192-1228-3
569:978-0-435-30695-3
530:978-0-595-30974-0
493:978-1-4022-3229-9
456:978-0-664-50232-4
309:Pope Benedict XVI
3899:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3687:Redcurrant sauce
3476:
3470:
3465:
3439:Winter festivals
3189:Christmas horror
3156:
3067:
2898:
2753:Meals and feasts
2673:Christmas jumper
2620:
2591:Santa's reindeer
2543:
2489:Father Christmas
2453:
2410:Santa's workshop
2331:
2293:in later culture
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2109:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2040:
1445:John the Baptist
1395:
1334:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1271:
1270:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1012:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
979:
973:
972:
950:
941:
940:
938:
936:
921:
915:
914:
908:
906:
892:
881:
880:
875:
873:
861:
855:
854:
848:
846:
840:
832:
823:
822:
796:
787:
786:
781:. Archived from
770:
764:
763:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
731:
725:
724:
712:
706:
705:
683:
677:
676:
661:
651:
645:
644:
639:
637:
615:
609:
608:
593:
583:
577:
576:
551:
545:
544:
539:
537:
514:
508:
507:
502:
500:
477:
471:
470:
465:
463:
440:
424:Daily devotional
403:
398:
397:
396:
389:
384:
383:
364:
352:
340:
328:
195:Eastern Orthodox
3909:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3836:
3802:Pickled herring
3775:
3744:
3691:
3682:Cranberry sauce
3665:
3644:
3620:Red velvet cake
3605:Poppy seed roll
3523:
3474:
3463:
3461:
3455:
3434:White Christmas
3324:Christmas truce
3319:Christmas seals
3299:Christmas creep
3261:
3259:
3253:
3154:
3148:
3065:
3059:
2896:
2890:
2743:Lord of Misrule
2678:Christmas Peace
2628:Advent calendar
2618:
2612:
2561:Knecht Ruprecht
2541:
2539:
2533:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2246:Herod the Great
2181:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2074:
2069:
2057:
2029:
2025:Liturgical year
1988:
1983:The Hymnal 1982
1921:
1805:
1522:Songs and hymns
1517:
1471:Advent calendar
1459:
1396:
1387:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1186:
1184:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1125:on 4 March 2016
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1014:
1013:
1006:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
965:
952:
951:
944:
934:
932:
931:on 30 July 2016
923:
922:
918:
904:
902:
894:
893:
884:
871:
869:
863:
862:
858:
844:
842:
838:
834:
833:
826:
815:
798:
797:
790:
779:Orthodoxy Today
772:
771:
767:
762:. BBC. c. 1970.
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
733:
732:
728:
714:
713:
709:
698:
685:
684:
680:
670:
662:. Gibbs Smith.
653:
652:
648:
635:
633:
617:
616:
612:
602:
585:
584:
580:
570:
553:
552:
548:
535:
533:
531:
516:
515:
511:
498:
496:
494:
486:. Sourcebooks.
479:
478:
474:
461:
459:
457:
442:
441:
437:
432:
409:Advent calendar
399:
394:
392:
385:
378:
375:
368:
365:
356:
353:
344:
341:
332:
329:
262:Jewish prophets
213:
207:
153:Luther Seminary
135:
119:devotional time
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
39:18 January 2024
26:
12:
11:
5:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3733:Smoking Bishop
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3416:
3414:Super Saturday
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Giving Tuesday
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Christmas club
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3192:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:Piae Cantiones
3137:
3130:
3123:
3113:
3107:Music charts (
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Père Fouettard
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2542:Saint Nicholas
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:Grandpa Indian
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2462:Saint Nicholas
2458:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:Old Man Winter
2397:
2392:
2387:
2385:Miner's figure
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Kallikantzaros
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2300:Nativity scene
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2135:Children's Day
2131:
2124:
2121:Blue Christmas
2116:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2045:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:Lutheran hymns
2007:
2005:Catholic music
2002:
1996:
1994:
1993:Related topics
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1962:Piae Cantiones
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Stir-up Sunday
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1368:Gaudete Sunday
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1279:
1278:External links
1276:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1247:
1222:
1197:
1162:
1136:
1110:
1088:
1058:
1035:
1004:
974:
963:
942:
916:
882:
856:
824:
813:
807:. p. 97.
788:
765:
748:
726:
707:
696:
678:
668:
646:
610:
600:
578:
568:
562:. p. 96.
546:
529:
509:
492:
472:
455:
434:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
401:Germany portal
390:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
359:
357:
354:
347:
345:
342:
335:
333:
330:
323:
294:Gaudete Sunday
206:
203:
199:Christmas fast
134:
131:
89:Western church
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3905:
3904:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:Meat and fish
3778:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Hot chocolate
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Ugly sweaters
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Controversies
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:In literature
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:United States
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Moravian star
2761:
2759:
2758:Midnight Mass
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
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2209:
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2015:Carol service
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1455:Tree of Jesse
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414:Chrismon tree
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243:
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132:
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127:Christmas Eve
124:
120:
116:
115:Bible reading
112:
108:
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90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:Advent wreath
65:
61:
57:
56:Advent candle
40:
36:
32:
25:
3792:Gefilte fish
3740:Ponche crema
3575:Melomakarono
3443:
3334:Cyber Monday
3239:
3204:
3173:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3115:Music books
3108:
2946:Nazi Germany
2838:
2834:Secret Santa
2821:
2708:Flying Santa
2637:
2415:TiĂł de Nadal
2365:Korvatunturi
2216:Annunciation
2182:Christianity
2163:Sol Invictus
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1833:
1825:
1817:
1745:Rorate Caeli
1547:
1507:
1290:Advent hymns
1256:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:
1200:
1192:
1185:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:the original
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1075:. Retrieved
1061:
1049:. Retrieved
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1020:
998:
991:. Retrieved
977:
968:
954:
933:. Retrieved
929:the original
919:
910:
903:. Retrieved
877:
870:. Retrieved
859:
850:
843:. Retrieved
818:
800:
783:the original
778:
768:
758:
751:
739:. Retrieved
729:
720:
716:
710:
701:
687:
681:
673:
657:
649:
641:
634:. Retrieved
620:
613:
605:
589:
581:
573:
556:Christianity
555:
549:
541:
534:. Retrieved
519:
512:
504:
497:. Retrieved
482:
475:
467:
460:. Retrieved
445:
438:
316:
314:
302:
282:
250:Epiphanytide
229:light of God
225:Jesus Christ
221:eternal life
214:
192:
181:
179:
175:
164:
159:, points to
150:
136:
101:
77:Advent crown
76:
72:
70:
60:
38:
29:This is the
23:
3807:Roast goose
3728:Mulled wine
3708:Champurrado
3703:Apple cider
3677:Bread sauce
3630:Szaloncukor
3610:Pumpkin pie
3560:Gingerbread
3514:Smörgåsbord
3155:Other media
2993:Philippines
2983:New Zealand
2866:Twelve Days
2823:Räuchermann
2778:Nutcrackers
2728:Las Posadas
2688:Decorations
2668:Christingle
2608:Zwarte Piet
2603:Snegurochka
2524:Sinterklaas
2474:Santa Claus
1889:Virga Jesse
1712:O Antiphons
1543:Advent song
1481:Christingle
1408:Fall of man
1187:25 November
1155:19 December
1129:20 December
1103:20 December
1051:23 December
1028:21 December
905:25 November
872:25 November
845:25 November
741:20 December
419:Christingle
223:brought by
166:Rauhes Haus
3871:Categories
3535:Candy cane
3484:Joulupöytä
3384:Pikkujoulu
3048:New Mexico
2897:By country
2871:Wassailing
2812:Poinsettia
2619:Traditions
2571:Mrs. Claus
2551:Belsnickel
2504:Julemanden
2499:Joulupukki
2430:Wenceslaus
2395:North Pole
2360:Jack Frost
2350:Christkind
2305:Neapolitan
2128:Boxing Day
1891:(Bruckner)
1836:, BWV 147a
1820:, BWV 186a
1549:Adventstid
1464:Traditions
1418:Isaiah 9:6
1401:Narratives
1378:Magnificat
1363:Ember days
1240:1 December
1215:1 December
1182:Claretians
1077:1 December
993:31 January
723:: 332–343.
636:2 December
536:2 December
499:2 December
462:2 December
430:References
183:Blue Peter
109:with four
3887:Floristry
3822:Tourtière
3812:Romeritos
3749:Dumplings
3696:Beverages
3600:Pecan pie
3590:Panettone
3585:Pampushka
3580:Mince pie
3555:Fruitcake
3499:RĂ©veillon
3379:NFL games
3374:NBA games
3369:In August
3339:Economics
3109:Billboard
2963:Indonesia
2906:Australia
2881:Yule goat
2856:Stockings
2790:Ornaments
2519:Père Noël
2514:Olentzero
2509:Noel Baba
2484:Ded Moroz
2440:Yule Lads
2380:Mari Lwyd
2231:Bethlehem
2108:Christmas
1899:, BWV 140
1841:Handel's
1828:, BWV 132
1423:Isaiah 53
1373:Hail Mary
805:Heinemann
560:Heinemann
278:shepherds
266:Bethlehem
237:symbolize
104:evergreen
102:It is an
3855:Category
3826:meat pie
3817:Stuffing
3771:Varenyky
3640:Yule log
3615:Qurabiya
3489:Julebord
3462:Food and
3389:SantaCon
3354:El Gordo
3241:Yule Log
3013:Scotland
2926:Ethiopia
2911:Colombia
2886:Yule log
2840:Spanbaum
2817:Pyramids
2683:Crackers
2581:Sack Man
2467:folklore
2435:Yule cat
2340:Badalisc
2330:folklore
2241:Epiphany
2043:Category
1869:, BWV 62
1861:, BWV 61
1845:(Part I)
1440:John 1:1
1149:BBC News
970:seasons.
935:22 March
630:Archived
373:See also
258:Prophecy
93:Lutheran
35:reviewed
3761:Pierogi
3756:Hallaca
3661:Borscht
3625:Stollen
3595:Pavlova
3570:MakĂłwki
3550:Cozonac
3519:Wigilia
3404:Scrooge
3364:In July
3262:society
3194:Poetry
3028:Ukraine
3003:Romania
2968:Ireland
2958:Iceland
2953:Hungary
2941:Germany
2931:Finland
2921:England
2916:Denmark
2876:Windows
2807:Piñatas
2795:Parades
2748:Markets
2733:Letters
2723:Hampers
2566:Krampus
2405:Perchta
2345:Caganer
2053:Commons
1907:BWV 70a
1843:Messiah
1353:Angelus
1341:Liturgy
852:Christ.
820:Christ.
298:introit
254:Messiah
188:baubles
171:Hamburg
133:History
123:prayers
111:candles
87:of the
83:in the
3892:Advent
3832:Turkey
3766:Tamale
3723:Kissel
3713:Eggnog
3670:Sauces
3656:Menudo
3635:TurrĂłn
3545:Cookie
3528:Sweets
3494:KĹ«ÄŤios
3475:Dinner
3349:Grinch
3260:modern
3227:Tomten
3186:Santa,
3169:novels
3087:Operas
3075:Carols
3043:Hawaii
3023:Sweden
3018:Serbia
3008:Russia
2998:Poland
2988:Norway
2978:Mexico
2936:France
2851:Stamps
2846:Szopka
2738:Lights
2693:Didukh
2529:Others
2479:Befana
2425:Vertep
2288:in art
2256:Joseph
2206:Advent
1853:(Böhm)
1333:Advent
1263:
1073:. 2007
961:
811:
694:
666:
598:
566:
527:
490:
453:
270:Joseph
107:wreath
81:Advent
3565:Kutia
3464:drink
3092:Songs
3066:Music
2973:Italy
2829:Seals
2783:dolls
2713:Gifts
2653:Cards
2556:Elves
2420:Turoń
2390:Nisse
2355:Grýla
2251:Jesus
839:(PDF)
75:, or
3787:Carp
3649:Soup
3540:Cake
3451:Xmas
3080:list
2861:Tree
2800:list
2261:Mary
2170:Yule
1496:List
1261:ISBN
1242:2018
1217:2018
1189:2016
1157:2010
1131:2011
1105:2011
1079:2021
1053:2019
1030:2019
995:2016
959:ISBN
937:2018
907:2016
874:2016
847:2016
809:ISBN
743:2011
692:ISBN
664:ISBN
638:2010
596:ISBN
564:ISBN
538:2010
525:ISBN
501:2010
488:ISBN
464:2010
451:ISBN
274:Mary
272:and
217:love
121:and
71:The
3797:Ham
2327:In
315:In
256:or
37:on
3873::
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3426:("
3258:In
2180:In
1233:.
1208:.
1191:.
1180:.
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1081:.
1069:.
1019:.
1007:^
997:.
986:.
967:.
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909:.
898:.
885:^
876:.
849:.
827:^
817:.
803:.
791:^
777:.
721:19
719:.
700:.
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640:.
628:.
624:.
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558:.
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503:.
466:.
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1219:.
1159:.
1133:.
1107:.
1055:.
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939:.
745:.
58:.
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
