497:"Advertising can be dated back to 4000 BC where Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Traditional advertising and marketing slowly developed over the centuries but never bloomed until early 1900s" ("What Is Guerrilla Marketing?", 2010). Guerrilla marketing are relatively simple, use tactics to advertise on a very small budget. It is to make a campaign that is "shocking, funny, unique, outrageous, clever and creative that people can't stop talking about it" (Uk essays, 2016). Guerrilla marketing is different when compared to traditional marketing tactics (Staff, 2016). "Guerrilla marketing means going after conventional goals of profits, sales and growth but doing it by using unconventional means, such as expanding offerings during gloomy economic days to inspire customers to increase the size of each purchase" (Staff, 2016). Guerrilla marketing also suggests that rather than investing money, it is better to "invest time, energy, imagination and knowledge" (Staff, 2016) instead. Guerrilla marketing puts profit as their main priority not sales as their main focal point, this is done to urge the growth of geometrically by enlarging the size of each transactions. This all done through one of the most powerful marketing weapons around, the telephone. Research shows that it will always increases profits and sales. The term "guerrilla first appeared during the war of independence in Spain and Portugal at the beginning of the 19th century it can be translated as battle" (Uk essays, 2016). Even thou guerrilla marketing was aimed for small business; this did not stop bigger business from adopting the same ideology. "Larger business has been using unconventional marketing to complement their advertising campaigns, even then some marketers argue that when bigger business utilize guerrilla marketing tactics, it isn't true guerrilla" ("What Is Guerrilla Marketing?", 2010). The reason being that larger companies have bigger budgets and usually their brands well established. In some cases, it is far riskier for a larger business to do guerrilla marketing tactics. Which can cause problem when their stunts become a flop when compared to smaller business, as they do not run as much risk, as most people will just write it off as another failed stunt. Many methods in guerrilla marketing consist of "graffiti (or reverse graffiti, where a dirty wall is selectively cleaned), interactive displays, intercept encounters in public spaces, flash mobs, or various PR stunts are often used."
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marketing strategies and tactics are a great and cost effective way to generate" awareness for business, products and services. To maximize full potential of marketing efforts, it's to blend them with a powerful and robust online marking strategy with a marketing automation software" ("Guerrilla
Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses", 2013). Which can boost small businesses. Guerrilla tactics consist of instruments that have effects on the efforts. Some instruments are usually there to maximize the surprise effect and some of these instruments mainly cutting advertising costs." Guerrilla marketing is a way of increasing the number of individuals exposed to the advertising with the cost of campaign. The instrument of diffusion helps to each a wide audience, which causes none or little cost because consumers (viral marketing) or the media (guerrilla PR) pass on the advertising message" ("Guerrilla Marketing: The Nature of the Concept and Propositions for Further Research", 2016). Guerrilla campaigns usually implement a free ride approach, this means that to cut their costs and increase the number of recipients simultaneously to maximize the low cost effect. For example, they will try to benefit from placing advertisements on big events e.g. sporting events. Guerrilla marketing was regarded to target existing customers rather than new ones, aiming to increase their engagement with a product and/ or brand. "When selecting audiences for a guerrilla message, a group that is already engaged with the product at some level is the best target; they will be quicker to recognize and respond to creative tactics, and more likely to share the experience with their friends, as social media has become a major feature of the market landscape, guerrilla marketing has shown to be particularly effective online. Consumers who regularly use social media are more likely to share their interactions with guerrilla marketing, and creative advertising can quickly go viral."
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individuals that will benefit. By marketing to specific groups of individuals that specifically relate to the product, businesses and individuals will more quickly and efficiently find those who will purchase the product. Businesses and individuals that monitor their existing data (customer and sales data) will find it easier to define their target market, and surveying existing customers will assist in finding more customers. Avoiding inefficiencies when finding a target market is equally as important. Wasting time and money advertising to a large group of potential customers is inefficient if only a handful become customers. A focused plan that reaches a tiny audience can work out well if they're already interested in a product. Over time target markets can change. People interested today might not be interested tomorrow, and those not interested in the present time might become interested over time. Analysing sales data and customer information helps businesses and individuals understand when their target market is increasing or decreasing.
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businesses or individuals realise the consumer's expectations of the product/s they are willing to purchase from them. Positioning a product reinforces the companies name, product and brand. It also makes the brand popular and strengthens customer loyalty. Product benefits to customers are better advertised through positioning the product, which results in more interest and attention of consumers. This also attracts different types of consumers as products posse's different benefits that attract different groups of consumers, for example: a shoe that is advertised for playing sports, going for walks, hiking and casual wear will attract different groups of consumers. Another advantage of positioning is the competitive strength it gives to businesses/ individuals and their products, introducing new products successfully to the market and communicating new and varied features that are added to a product later on.
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are able to submerge their consumers with communication of various kinds in a way that pushes them through the research and buying stages creating a relationship and dialogue with their new customer. Popular and obvious examples of IMC put into action are the likes of direct marketing to the consumer that the organization already has a knowledge that the person is interested in the brand by gathering personal information about them from when they previously shopped there and then sending mail, emails, texts and other direct communication with the person. In-store sales promotions are tactics such as '30% off' sales or offering loyalty cards to consumers to build a relationship. Television and radio advertisements are also a form of advertising strategy derived from IMC. All of the components of IMC play an important role and a company may or may not choose to implement any of the integration strategies.
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dollars" (Suttle, R. 2016). Finding one's target market is also time-consuming, as it often "requires a considerable amount of time to identify a target audience" (Suttle, R. 2016). Also focusing on finding a target market can make one overlook other customers that may be in a product. Businesses or individuals may find that their 'average customer' might not include those that fall just outside of the average customers "demographics" (Suttle, R. 2016), which will limit the sale of their products. The last disadvantage to note is the ethical ramifications that are associated with target marketing. An example of this would be a "beer company that may target less educated, poorer people with larger-sized bottles" (Suttle, R. 2016).
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material in the coming years, as print media moves online. Advertisers need to consider this; in some cases, they could use this to their advantage. The advantages of newspaper advertising are that it is low cost, timely, the reader controls exposure, and it provides moderate coverage to the older generations in western society. Disadvantages are the aging demographic, short life, clutter and that it attracts less attention. Magazines are similar in some cases, but as they are a niche product they increase segmentation potential; they also have high information content and longevity. Disadvantages are that they are visual only, they lack flexibility and a long lead time for advertisement placement.
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sensory cues into their campaign as market places continue to become increasingly competitive and crowded. Anyone of the given sensory characteristics may remind a person of the brand they best associate with. A prime example of this is Red Bull who use the colour, shapes and size of their cans to best relate their product to success and winning. A taller can looks like the 1st place podium when placed next to competitors, the design looks like the finish flag in racing representing winning. The opportunity for an advertising campaign to succeed is significantly increased with the use of multi sensory touch points used as a point of difference between brands.
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writing a descriptive summary on the target market or consumers. The fourth element is to establish a statement that itemizes the marketing tools and methods planning to be used in the strategy (for example, radio advertising during 6.30am – 9am on weekday mornings or window displays that are regularly updated). The fifth step is to create a statement which positions the brand/product/company in the market. Define the brands characteristics and give it an identity is the sixth element. Lastly, clearly identify a budget which will be put solely towards marketing going forward.
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chance to compete against larger competitors. Through unconventional methods, inventiveness and creativity, guerrilla marketing leaves the receiver with a long lasting impression of the brand as most guerrilla marketing campaigns target the receivers at a personal level, taking them by surprise and may incorporate an element of shock. Guerrilla marketing is typically executed exclusively in public places, including streets, parks, shopping centres etc., to ensure maximum audience resulting in further discussion on social media.
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173:, it would be difficult to anticipate where the market is headed in the next decade. Television's advantages are that it has mass coverage, high reach, quality reputation, low post per exposure and impacts human senses. Disadvantages would be that it has low selectivity, short message life and high production costs. Alternatively, radio offers flexibility, high frequency and low advertising and production costs. Disadvantages to radio are that its audio only, low attention-getting and short message.
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with brands in numerous ways. The most successful touch points are those that create value in the consumer and brands relationship. Common examples of touch points include social media links, QR codes, person handing out flyers about a particular brand, billboards, web sites and various other methods that connect the brand and consumer. The most effective touch points, as found in
413:. Noise distorts the way the message gets to the intended target audience. These distractions are from all other forms of advertising and communication from every other person or organisation. Examples of noise are State of mind, unfamiliar language, unclear message, Values, Attitudes, Perceptions, Culture and Knowledge of similar products or services to name a few forms of noise.
392:. This occurs when the information or meaning the source wants to convoy, is put into a form to easily be transmitted to the targeted audience. This also includes the method that communication gets from the source to the receiver. Examples of this is Vodafone advertising on TV, bus stops and university campuses as students may be the intended consumer for the new plan.
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strategy remains consistent across all forms of, confidence – show confidence in the commitment to the guerrilla marketing strategy, patience – time and dedication to the strategy, assortment – incorporate different methods of advertising and marketing for optimum results, and subsequent – build customer loyalty and retention though follow up marketing post-sale.
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modern-day media channels has altered their traditional advantages and disadvantages. It is imperative to the effectiveness of the
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) strategy that exposure to certain demographics, consumer groups and target audiences is anticipated to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communications impact.
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Multi sensory touch points are subconscious yet helps use to recognise brands through characteristic identified through human sensors. These characteristics could be shape, colour, textures, sounds, smell or tastes associated with a given brand. It is important for an advertising campaign to consider
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When considering touch points in an advertising campaign a brand looks for
Multisensory touch points. These touch points help the brand to develop a point of contact between themselves and the consumer. Modern day advancements in various forms of technology have made it easier for consumers to engage
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Media channels, also known as, marketing communications channels, are used to create a connection with the target consumer and influence the behavior. Traditional methods of communication with the consumer include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, telephone, post, and door to door
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The advantage of using IMC is that it can communicate the same message through several channels to create brand awareness. IMC is the most cost-effective solution when compared to mass media advertising to interact with target consumers on a personal level. IMC also benefits small businesses, as they
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Small business use social media as a form of marketing. "Collecting billions of people around the world through a series of status updates, tweets, and other rich media" ("Guerrilla
Marketing Strategies for Small Businesses", 2013). Social media is a powerful tool in the world of business. Guerrilla
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Levinson suggests guerrilla marketing tactics were initiated to enable small businesses with limited financial resources to gain an upper hand on the corporate giants who had unlimited budgets and resources at their disposal. Large companies cottoned on to the success of guerrilla marketing and have
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The
Communication of processes diagram refers to the order of operation an advertising campaign pieces together the flow of communication between a given organisation and the consumer. The diagram usually flows left to right (unless shown in a circular array) starting with the source. An advertising
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Product
Positioning presents several advantages in the advertising campaign, and to the businesses/ individuals that implement it. Positioning connects with superior aspects of a product and matches "them with consumers more effectively than competitors" (Jaideep, S. 2016). Positioning can also help
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Positioning is an important marketing concept that businesses implement to market their products or services. The positioning concept focuses on creating an image that will best attract the intended audience. Businesses that implement the positioning concept focus on promotion, price, placement and
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Along with traditional media channels, comes new and upcoming media channels. Social media has begun to play a very large role in the way media and marketing intermingle to reach a consumer base. Social media has the power to reach a wider audience. Depending on the age group and demographic, social
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The importance of the IMC is to make the marketing process seamless for both the brand and the consumer. IMC attempts to meld all aspects of marketing into one cohesive piece. This includes sales promotion, advertising, public relations, direct marketing, and social media. The entire point of IMC is
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For a successful overall guerrilla marketing campaign, combine the above steps with seven winning actions. These seven principles are commitment – stick to the marketing plan without changing it; investment – appreciate that marketing is an investment, consistency – ensure the marketing message and
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The positioning process is imperative in marketing because of the specific level of consumer-based recognition is involved. A company must create a trademark brand for themselves in order to be recognizable by a broad range of consumers. For example, a fast food restaurant positions itself as fast,
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Guerrilla marketing is an advertising strategy which increases brand exposure through the use of unconventional campaigns which initiate social discussion and "buzz". This can often be achieved with lower budgets than conventional advertising methods, allowing small and medium-sized businesses the
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However, there are several disadvantages that can be associated with target marketing. Firstly, finding a target market is expensive. Often businesses conduct primary research to find whom their target market is, which usually involves hiring a research agency, which can cost "tens of thousands of
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This is a broad marketing concept that is no longer confined to large, static billboards on the side of motorways. More current and innovative approaches to OOH media range from street furniture to aerial blimps and the advance of digital OOH. As the world changes, there will always be new ways in
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Print media is mainly defined as newspapers and magazines. With the transition in around 2006 – 2016 to digital information on phones, computers and tablets, the main demographic that is still exposed to traditional print media is older. It is also estimated that there will be a reduction of print
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Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is a conceptual approach used by the majority of organizations to develop a strategic plan on how they are going to broadcast their marketing and advertising campaigns. Recently there has been a shift in the way marketers and advertisers interact with their
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Direct mail consists of messages sent directly to consumers through the mail delivery service. It is one of the more "dated" media channels. In the modern day it has few advantages, except that it can be highly selective, and has high information content. Disadvantages are that it promotes a poor
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Promoting a product is essential in the positioning concept. It is the process marketers use to communicate their products' attributes to the intended target market. In order for products to be successful businesses must focus on the customer needs, competitive pressures, available communication
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Price of an object is crucial in the concept of positioning. Adjusting or decreasing the product price has a profound impact on the sales of the product, and should complement the other parts of the positioning concept. The price needs to ensure survival, increase profit, generate survival, gain
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In advertising various brands compete to the most important brand to the consumer. Everyday consumers view advertising and rank particular brands compared to their competitors. Individuals rank these specific brands in an order of what is most important to them. For example, a person may compare
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With advancements in digital communications channels, marketing communications allow for the possibility of two-way communications where an immediate consumer response can be elicited. Digital communications tools include: websites, blogs, social media, email, mobile, and search engines as a few
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When establishing a guerrilla marketing strategy, there are seven elements to a clear and logical approach. Firstly, write a statement that identifies the purpose of the strategy. Secondly define how the purpose will be achieved concentrating on the key advantages. Next
Levinson (1989) suggests
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There are three basic objectives of promotion, which include: presenting product information to targeted business customers and consumers, increase demand among the target market, and differentiating a product and creating a brand identity. Tools that can be used to achieve these objectives are
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When an organisation begins to construct their advertising campaign they need to research each and every aspect of their target market and target consumers. The target consumers (or "potential customers") are the people who are most likely to buy from an organisation. They can be categorized by
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Advertising campaigns are built to accomplish a particular objective or a set of objectives. Such objectives usually include establishing a brand, raising brand awareness, and aggrandizing the rate of conversions/sales. The rate of success or failure in accomplishing these goals is reckoned via
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Non-traditional, unconventional and shocking campaigns are highly successful in obtaining media coverage and therefore brand awareness, albeit good or bad media attention. However, like most marketing strategies a bad campaign can backfire and damage profits and sales. Undercover marketing and
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Defining the target market helps businesses and individuals design a marketing campaign. This in turn helps businesses and individuals avoid waste and get their advertisements to likely customers. While attempting to find the correct target market it is important to focus on specific groups of
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In the rapidly changing marketing and advertising environment, exposure to certain consumer groups and target audiences through traditional media channels has blurred. These traditional media channels are defined as print, broadcast, out-of-home and direct mail. The introduction of various new
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in the digital age, since organizations can communicate with people in more ways than those typically thought of as media. The more traditional advertising practices such as newspapers, billboards, and magazines are still used but fail to have the same effect now as they did in previous years.
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There are many advantages that are associated with finding a target market. One advantage is the "ability to offer the right product" (Suttle. R. 2016) through knowing the age and needs of the customer willing to purchase the item. Another advantage of target marketing assists businesses in
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is also known as the viewer or potential consumer. This is the person who interprets the source message through channeling whether they are the intended target audience or not. Every day we interpret different advertisements even if we are not the target audience for that advertisement.
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Guerrilla marketing is the term used for several types of marketing categories including street marketing, ambient marketing, presence marketing, alternative marketing, experimental marketing, grassroots marketing, flyposting, guerrilla projection advertising, undercover marketing and
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brands of cars based on how sporty they think they look, affordability, practicality and classiness. How one person perceives a brand is different from another but is largely left to the advertising campaign to manipulate and create the perception that they want a consumer to envision
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cheap, and delicious. They are playing upon their strengths and most visible characteristics. On the other hand, a luxury car brand will position its brand as a stylish and expensive platform because they want to target a specific brand very different from the fast food brand.
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which a campaign can revitalize this media channel. Its potential advantages are accessibility and reach, geographic flexibility and relatively low cost. Disadvantages to OOH media are that it has a short life, is difficult to measure/control and can convey a poor brand image.
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to have all of these aspects of marketing work together as a unified force. This can be done through methods, channels, and activities all while using a media platform. The end goal of IMC is to get the brand's message across to consumers in the most convenient way possible.
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with his 1984 book of the same name. Through the enhancement of technology and common use of internet and mobile phones, marketing communication has become more affordable and guerrilla marketing is on the rise, allowing the spread of newsworthy guerrilla campaigns.
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examples. It is important for an advertising campaign to carefully select channels based on where their target consumer spends time to ensure market and advertising efforts are maximized. Marketing professionals should also consider the cost of reaching its
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understanding what price the customer will pay for the products or service. Businesses are also more efficient and effective at advertising their product, because they "reach the right consumers with messages that are more applicable" (Suttle. R. 2016).
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effectiveness measures. There are 5 key points that an advertising campaign must consider to ensure an effective campaign. These points are, integrated marketing communications, media channels, positioning, the communications process diagram and
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media can influence a company's overall image. Using social media as a marketing tool has become a widely popular branding method. A brand has the chance to create an entire social media presence based around its own specific targeted community.
67:(IMC). An IMC is a platform in which a group of people can group their ideas, beliefs, and concepts into one large media base. Advertising campaigns utilize diverse media channels over a particular time frame and target identified audiences.
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that will be used. The campaign themes are usually produced with the objective of being used for a significant period but many of them are temporal due to factors like being not effective or market conditions, competition and
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Paksoy, T & Chang, C. (2010). Applied
Mathematical Modelling. Revised multi-choice goal programming for multi-period, multi-stage inventory controlled supply chain model with popup stores in Guerrilla marketing, 34(34),
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The campaign theme is the central message that will be received in the promotional activities and is the prime focus of the advertising campaign, as it sets the motif for the series of individual advertisements and other
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several key characteristics: mainly gender, age, occupation, marital status, geographical location, behavioral, level of income and education. This process is called segmenting customers on the basis of demographics.
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Levinson, J. & Gibson, S. (2010). Guerrilla Social Media
Marketing: 100+ Weapons to Grow Your Online Influence, Attract Customers, and Drive Profits. California, United States of America: Entrepreneur
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is the person or organisation that has a message they want to share with potential consumers. An example of this is
Vodafone wanting to tell their consumers and new consumers of a new monthly plan.
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is the processes that the viewer interprets the message that the source sent. Obviously it is up to the source to ensure that the message encoded well enough so that it is received as intended.
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Current research shows that no other form of commercial communication shares the same essential elements as the mobile forms, making it unique in its advertising impact.
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product. When the positioning concept is effective and productive it elevates the marketing efforts made by a business, and assists the buyer in purchasing the product.
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Hutter, K., & Hoffmann, S. (2011). Guerrilla marketing: The nature of the concept and propositions for further research. Asian Journal of Marketing, 5(2), 39-54.
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which consists of the organisation putting messages, thoughts and ideas into a symbolic form that be interpreted by the target consumer using symbols or words.
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consumers and now see it as a conversation between Advertising/ Marketing teams and consumers. IMC has emerged as a key strategy for organizations to manage
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had hundreds of effective attention grabbing campaigns using the strategies originally designed for smaller businesses with minimal marketing budgets.
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McNaughton, M. (2008). Guerrilla communication, visual consumption, and consumer public relations. Public Relations Review, 34(1), 303-305.
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campaign uses the communication process diagram to ensure all the appropriate steps of communication are being taken in order.
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1221:"Traditional and Emerging Integrated Marketing Communication Touchpoints Used in Effie Award-Winning Promotional Campaigns"
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Schultz, Don E.; Schultz, Heidi F. (1998-01-01). "Transitioning marketing communication into the twenty-first century".
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relates to the way sales react as well as the interest or questions that arise in relation to the message put out.
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For the positioning concept to be effective one must focus on the concepts of promotion, price, place and product.
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astroturfing are two type of guerrilla marketing that are deemed as risky and can be detrimental to the company.
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Guerrilla Marketing Attack – New Strategies, Tactics and Weapons for Winning Big Profits for your Small Business
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Guerrilla Marketing Attack – New Strategies, Tactics and Weapson for Winning Big Profits for your Small Business
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449:- winning campaigns, are: interactive (91%), followed by TV (63%), print (52%) and consumer involvement (51%).
165:. These are still relatively prominent in modern-day society, but with the emergence of online content such as
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In between these steps there are external factors acting as distractions, these factors are called
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Modern day implications for the advantages & disadvantages of traditional media channels
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Chitty, William; Barker, Nigel; Valos, Michael; Shimp, Terence A.; Chitty, Bill (2011).
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advertising, public relations, personal selling, direct marketing, and sales promotion.
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and the time (i.e. advertising during the holiday season tends to be more expensive).
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The Evolution of Integrated Marketing Communications: The Customer-driven Marketplace
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1301:"Chaotics - The Business of Managing and Marketing in the Age of Turbulence"
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Integrated Marketing Communication: Maybe Definition Is in the Point of View
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reaction to the communication of message and the way they understood it.
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sales. These are just a few of the historically traditional methods.
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1337:. Boston, United States of America: Houghton Mifflin Company. p39
1189:(9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. pp. 147–158.
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Schmidt, Steffen W.; Shelley, Mack C.; Bardes, Barbara A. (2016).
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666:"Integrated marketing communications measurement and evaluation"
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brand image ("junk mail") and has a high cost-to-contact ratio.
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1120:"The Importance of Product Positioning to the Marketing Plan"
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messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an
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Schultz, Don; Patti, Charles H.; Kitchen, Philip J. (2013).
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Fill, Chris; Hughes, Graham; De Francesco, Scott (2012).
830:"3 Ways To Get The Most Out Of Your Holiday Ad Campaigns"
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Traditional broadcast media's primary platforms are
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354:market shares, and establish an appropriate image.
936:"Creative ROI ambition - the way forward for DOOH"
637:Baker, Rachel; Angelopulo, George Charles (2005).
818:What is Email Marketing & How Does it Work?
1023:"The Broad Targeting Advantages in Marketing"
358:channels and carefully crafted key messages.
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999:"The Importance of Defining a Target Market"
302:. There might be a discussion about this on
859:Advertising: Strategy, Creativity and Media
48:'s long-running campaign against wildfires.
1071:"What Is Positioning in a Marketing Plan?"
797:"Marketing Communications and strategies"
440:Customer journey with touchpoints English
322:Learn how and when to remove this message
1144:"Top 10 Benefits of Product Positioning"
1095:"Market Positioning • The Strategic CFO"
1047:"The Disadvantages of Target Marketing"
640:Integrated Organisational Communication
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1423:Promotion and marketing communications
585:Belch, George; Belch, Michael (2004).
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828:Henao, Vanessa (December 11, 2019).
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473:Jay Conrad Levinson coined the term
1268:Journal of Advertising Research, 46
771:Integrated Marketing Communications
735:Journal of Marketing Communications
670:Journal of Marketing Communications
961:Blue Jeans: The fabric of freedom.
710:. October 30, 2015. Archived from
704:"Integrated Marketing Definitions"
388:The third stage in the diagram is
92:Integrated marketing communication
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934:Morris, Neil (December 5, 2019).
913:. Cengage Learning. p. 135.
643:. Juta and Company. p. 301.
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774:. Cengage Learning. p. 7.
241:There are many examples of the
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381:The diagram then moves on to
366:Communication process diagram
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682:10.1080/13527260902757514
616:. Routledge. p. 25.
1299:Kotler, P; Caslione, J.
557:Television advertisement
73:marketing communications
30:Not to be confused with
1124:smallbusiness.chron.com
1075:smallbusiness.chron.com
1051:smallbusiness.chron.com
1027:smallbusiness.chron.com
1003:smallbusiness.chron.com
747:10.1080/135272698345852
177:Out-of-home (OOH) media
1413:Advertising techniques
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517:Advertising management
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1373:"Guerrilla Marketing"
1321:Levinson, J. (1989).
973:Staff, Entrepreneur.
537:Family in advertising
522:Augmented Advertising
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416:Finally there is the
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18:Advertising campaigns
1428:Marketing techniques
1418:Communication design
1199:Persson, J. (n.d.).
527:Campaign advertising
418:response or feedback
292:confusing or unclear
218:rewrite this article
99:customer experiences
62:integrated marketing
54:advertising campaign
32:Campaign advertising
795:Eduards Marketing.
714:on October 30, 2015
552:Radio advertisement
475:Guerrilla Marketing
457:Guerrilla marketing
300:clarify the section
46:U.S. Forest Service
44:is the icon of the
886:. Marketing News.
546:mobile advertising
532:Conditional rebate
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1152:. Retrieved
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1101:. 2013-07-24
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712:the original
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959:CBS(2014).
945:October 16,
940:thedrum.com
861:. Pearson.
839:October 16,
741:(1): 9–26.
718:October 16,
512:Advertising
447:Effie Award
271:Positioning
144:Print media
42:Smokey Bear
1402:Categories
1154:2016-03-29
1129:2016-03-20
1105:2018-03-30
1080:2016-03-20
1056:2016-03-29
1032:2016-03-29
1008:2016-03-29
984:2016-03-20
802:2020-11-24
564:References
422:receiver's
312:March 2017
294:to readers
226:March 2017
159:television
1289:3586-3587
1245:1049-6491
755:1352-7266
690:1352-7266
171:Instagram
505:See also
426:Feedback
403:receiver
396:Decoding
383:encoding
1379:. 2012.
290:may be
167:YouTube
1359:Press.
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1304:(PDF)
411:noise
163:radio
1241:ISSN
947:2020
915:ISBN
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720:2020
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401:The
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