33:
280:
154:
and bureaucracy who swore allegiance to Joseph
Bonaparte, installed as King of Spain by his brother, Napoleon. The term extended to cover a predominantly middle class intellectual, merchant, or manufacturer who saw the French as agents of change in the rigid structure of Spanish society, and who
328:(servants of French interests), receivers of honours and distinctions handed by King Joseph, co-operating bureaucrats (those who had not resigned their positions during the occupation), or even those who were sought by the French as collaborators but had denied offers.
252:, a conflict between Britain and the Spanish colonies. Napoleon and Joseph sent the Marquis of Sassenay to the zone, seeking support from Liniers to the new monarchy, but Liniers rejected it and confirmed his loyalty to the captive Ferdinand VII.
506:
386:
364:
condition by either settling in the country or leaving its territory. Joseph
Bonaparte's great-great-grandson Frederick Joseph Benton (born in 1954) reviewed the
245:
125:(installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.
566:
702:
547:
486:
667:
295:
259: – which served as a parliamentary Regency after Ferdinand was deposed – to maintain as much possible of Joseph's
662:
248:. However, his appointment took place before the Peninsular War, and France was not involved at all in it: it was instead a consequence of the
241:
234:
677:
249:
146:, and had a neutral meaning, being used to designate those who followed French fashions and customs. Subsequently, it became popular as a
106:
476:
431:
426:
184:
697:
350:
682:
451:
612:
692:
338:
672:
456:
264:
110:
570:
551:
353:
539:
461:
707:
317:
687:
501:
491:
114:
313:'s forces. The total estimate of this exile is fluctuating between 4,000 and 12,000 persons at its peak.
657:
516:
496:
446:
341:
in France, and they began steps to convince the
Spanish government to pardon them. This came during the
310:
307:
416:
411:
466:
381:
589:
585:
481:
471:
401:
143:
83:
302:, all of Joseph's court and his collaborators (nobles, soldiers, jurists, writers, journalists, and
554:
529:
421:
316:
Ferdinand broke the terms of his agreement with
Napoleon after his return from imprisonment at the
214:
156:
62:
577:
357:
256:
299:
205:
180:
91:
396:
160:
151:
122:
53:
36:
562:
342:
303:
260:
218:
642:
Los
Famosos Traidores. Los afrancesados durante la crisis del Antiguo Régimen (1808-1833)
221:, and tried in vain to prevent Napoleon's separate administration of Spanish provinces (
558:
511:
436:
360:
intervention. On April 21, 1832, France ordered them to solve their highly problematic
284:
102:
267:. Nonetheless, the Cortes voted to confiscate all assets of Joseph's court and of the
651:
441:
361:
196:
175:
King Joseph found himself at war with the majority of his subjects. He relied on the
164:
71:
391:
200:
333:
94:, that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.
213:
were also weary of French designs: more favourable to the
Revolution than of the
543:
192:
67:
32:
147:
87:
222:
199:
but not entirely liberal, this political creation was soon rejected by both
17:
279:
288:
118:
79:
346:
230:
226:
538:
in
Portugal is connected with liberal politicians who organised the
75:
320:(May 4, 1814), and began a campaign of persecution, defining as
179:
to enforce a project that would gradually replace tradition and
324:
most of those who had not risen in combat against the French:
255:
Later, they also attempted to negotiate with the anti-French
155:
reacted against the perceived corruption and incompetence of
368:
doctrine in 1999 but has done nothing to advance its cause.
74:", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the
592:, which they demanded to have enforced in Portugal.
550:'s arbitrary regime, they called for the return of
356:; those that did return had to flee soon after the
616:, pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.
101:were upper-and-middle class supporters of the
576:French influence, already present during the
8:
507:Diego Pacheco Téllez-Girón Gómez de Sandoval
542:, begun on August 25, 1820. Demanding the
163:in general (including Joseph's competitor
306:clergy alike) took refuge to France with
618:Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
278:
250:British invasions of the Río de la Plata
217:, they aimed to withdraw Spain from the
31:
601:
331:The immense number of liberally-minded
203:and liberals (many liberals joined the
614:Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War
61:
52:
7:
607:
605:
584:elite with principles such as the
244:had a French viceroy at the time,
242:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
150:reference to those members of the
113:), preferring the reforms of the "
25:
557:- who had preferred to remain in
39:, King of Spain from 1808 to 1814
29:Francophile in Spain and Portugal
703:Portuguese expatriates in France
567:transferred the Portuguese court
668:Groups of the French Revolution
337:alarmed the authorities of the
1:
663:Spanish expatriates in France
477:Martín Fernández de Navarrete
432:José Mamerto Gómez Hermosilla
209:against the occupation). The
189:razón, la justicia y el poder
142:surfaced during the reign of
427:Leandro Fernández de Moratín
185:Leandro Fernández de Moratín
678:Forced migrations in Europe
452:José Marchena Ruiz de Cueto
103:French occupation of Iberia
724:
527:
457:Francisco Martínez Marina
298:'s 1813 campaign and the
698:19th century in Portugal
635:Fernando VII y su tiempo
354:Evaristo Pérez de Castro
580:, had familiarised the
502:Mariano Luis de Urquijo
195:, justice, and power).
683:Liberalism in Portugal
548:William Carr Beresford
291:
63:[ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu]
54:[afɾanθeˈsaðo]
40:
611:Joes, Anthony James.
517:Francisco Antonio Zea
447:Juan Antonio Llorente
387:Miguel José de Azanza
311:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
283:Plaque commemorating
282:
35:
693:Age of Enlightenment
586:separation of powers
492:Manuel José Quintana
462:Juan Meléndez Valdés
261:Bayonne laws of 1808
187:defined as based on
673:First French Empire
540:Revolution of Porto
530:Revolution of Porto
487:Cipriano de Palafox
349:decreed by liberal
339:Bourbon Restoration
318:Château de Valençay
246:Santiago de Liniers
138:In Spain, the term
115:enlightened despots
640:Juan López Tabar,
590:parliamentarianism
578:War of the Oranges
497:Félix José Reinoso
417:José Antonio Conde
358:Quintuple Alliance
296:Duke of Wellington
292:
41:
482:Gonzalo O'Farrill
412:Fernando Camborda
402:François Cabarrus
343:Liberal Triennium
326:colaboracionistas
300:Battle of Vitoria
265:1812 Constitution
263:into Ferdinand's
171:Political program
92:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
715:
708:Joseph Bonaparte
628:Los afrancesados
619:
609:
467:Sebastián Miñano
397:Javier de Burgos
382:Francisco Amorós
372:Notable Spanish
161:House of Bourbon
152:Spanish nobility
123:Joseph Bonaparte
121:and his brother
65:
60:
56:
51:
37:Joseph Bonaparte
21:
723:
722:
718:
717:
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713:
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688:Napoleonic Wars
648:
647:
626:Miguel Artola,
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610:
603:
598:
571:French invasion
565:, where he had
532:
526:
521:
472:Manuel Narganes
404:(considered an
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277:
257:Cortes of Cádiz
219:Napoleonic Wars
173:
136:
131:
58:
49:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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644:, Madrid, 2002
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637:, Madrid, 1942
633:Juan Arzadun,
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630:, Madrid, 1989
621:
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600:
599:
597:
594:
559:Rio de Janeiro
546:as opposed to
528:Main article:
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519:
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512:Juan Van Halen
509:
504:
499:
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479:
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469:
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459:
454:
449:
444:
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437:Francisco Goya
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
408:in retrospect)
399:
394:
389:
384:
378:
376:
370:
304:Roman Catholic
285:Francisco Goya
276:
273:
237:) after 1809.
183:with a system
172:
169:
135:
132:
130:
127:
97:In principle,
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
720:
709:
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442:Alberto Lista
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422:Guido Bellico
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201:conservatives
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165:Ferdinand VII
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133:
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108:
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100:
95:
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84:Enlightenment
81:
77:
73:
70:" or "turned-
69:
64:
55:
47:
46:
38:
34:
27:
19:
658:Afrancesados
641:
634:
627:
613:
581:
575:
535:
533:
405:
392:Fernando Sor
374:afrancesados
373:
365:
332:
330:
325:
322:afrancesados
321:
315:
293:
287:'s exile to
269:afrancesados
268:
254:
239:
211:afrancesados
210:
204:
188:
177:afrancesados
176:
174:
139:
137:
99:afrancesados
98:
96:
82:partisan of
44:
43:
42:
26:
18:Afrancesados
582:afrancesado
569:during the
544:rule of law
536:afrancesado
406:afrancesado
366:afrancesado
197:Progressive
144:Charles III
140:afrancesado
68:Francophile
59:Portuguese:
45:Afrancesado
652:Categories
596:References
294:After the
181:absolutism
157:Charles IV
148:pejorative
119:Napoleon I
88:Liberalism
80:Portuguese
534:The term
362:stateless
223:Catalonia
90:, or the
524:Portugal
345:, as an
289:Bordeaux
206:guerilla
159:and the
107:Portugal
50:Spanish:
555:John VI
351:Premier
347:amnesty
334:émigrés
308:Marshal
231:Navarre
134:Origins
86:ideas,
76:Spanish
563:Brazil
235:Biscay
233:, and
227:Aragon
215:Empire
193:reason
72:French
275:Exile
129:Spain
111:Spain
588:and
552:King
240:The
109:and
78:and
167:).
66:; "
654::
604:^
573:.
561:,
271:.
229:,
225:,
117:"
57:,
191:(
105:(
48:(
20:)
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