2309:
from older brothers and sisters, cousins or other older children. Because cultural dance happens in everyday spaces, children often dance with older members of the community around their homes and neighborhoods, at parties and dances, on special occasions, or whenever groups of people gather to "have a good time". Cultural dance traditions are therefore often cross-generational traditions, with younger dancers often "reviving" dances from previous generations, albeit with new "cool" variations and "styling". This is not to suggest that there are no social limitations on who may dance with whom and when. Dance partners (or people to dance with) are chosen by a range of social factors, including age, sex, kinship, interest and so on. The most common dance groups are often comprised by people of a similar age, background and often sex (though this is a varying factor).
2087:
6602:
2168:
song would then have a dance performed during it, and the term “Breakdance” was coined. Improvisation plays a key role in
Breakdancing, as it lets people express themselves and their gut impulses, similar to the moves found in Spiritual African dance, as well as compete with others and show off their skills in the spur of the moment. Being able to think on one's feet is crucial for Hip-Hop and Breakdancing, and impulsivity is part of the art style. Part of the crowd aspect of Breakdancing is the concept of cypher. Cypher refers to the group of onlookers that gather around the breakdancing performers to cheer, diss, and just generally react to the competition.
1919:, they most likely learned to dance together by creating brand-new dances to draw on their traditions without replicating them precisely. Throughout the America, slaves blended tribal rhythms from their roots in Africa with ballroom rhythms of the US to create a distinctive African-American form of dance. The tribal rhythms frequently originated from East and West Africa. The call and response dance forms that are popular among modern African-American dancers can trace their roots back to these locations. Elements of European dances were also absorbed into these creolized dances, and by the late 18th century, the area had developed a recognizable dance style.
2445:
2475:
2291:. It incorporates dance moves that stem from Africa itself, as well as other diaspora populations like those found in Haiti and the Caribbean. This fusion style of dance, a combination of the flexibility and flow of European style dances with the African style of isolated and vivid movement, can be used to create modern techniques that better represent their history. As we see in classical ballets, where a story is being told through dance, this fusion style of dance also serves to tell the stories of African-American dancers and their ancestors.
2152:
Francisco that was very popular throughout the different neighborhoods in the Bay Area, and they played music that was not super mainstream. The station was one of the first to play Hip-Hop music, and helped it get the outreach it needed to become popular throughout the large city. Hip-Hop dance became such an integral part of these communities, that different neighborhoods in the area would each have signature styles or techniques, and one could tell where someone was from just based on their moves.
2348:& The NAACP Sanctioned Grand March – National Black Wedding & Reunion Dance. Popular black dance organizations are perfectly paired Gentlemen of Ballroom of Cleveland Master Dancers of Akron, OH. Dance Fusion, World Class-Detroit, Majestic Gents – Chicago Smooth & Easy D.C. Tri – State – Love to dance – Sugarfoot of Baltimore, MD. The new American dance art form of African-American cultural dance and music was accepted into the New York City Schools dance education curriculum.
1895:
6427:
1763:
36:
133:
2144:
2106:, and it quickly became a world-renowned African American ballet company. They taught both classical ballet and modern ethnic dance, so there was a blend of dance types in their performances that was uniquely African American. The studio toured both nationally and internationally, going so far as to perform at the
2312:
Lee Ellen
Friedland and other authors argue that to talk about cultural dancing without talking about music or art or drama is like talking about fish without talking about water. Music and dance are intimately related in African-American cultural dance, not only as accompaniments, but as intertwined
2167:
Breakdancing was created in the South Bronx, New York, in the 1970s, beginning as an underground dance movement. It started as a result of Hip-Hop music, as a physical performance during the interlude of a DJ’s set. The vocals would die out and it would be just instrumental music. This “break” in the
2294:
Dance can also be used to bring
African-American populations together. In urban settings that face a lot of gang violence, Breakdancing could be found as an alternative form of settling disputes. It utilized the mind and body to compete against each other, and a clear winner could be found based on
1926:
The limited pictorial record indicates that the original
African movements, which emphasized bending at the waist and hips, eventually faded away in favor of a more upright style, similar to European dances. However, it has been argued that this change was not an adoption of the European style, but
2393:
tradition. African Dance is supposed to be about a person getting connected to the ground and telling their story and struggles using dance. It also allows people to feel the vibrations of their dance beneath their feet, allowing them to dance how they please, utilizing the space that they have so
2308:
of dance which are particular to their community. Learning to dance – learning about rhythmic movement – happens in much the same way as developing a local language 'accent" or a particular set of social values. Children learn specific dance steps or "how to dance' from their families – most often
1922:
Dance and music were a big part of
African society, and that tradition carried on in the diaspora. African American slaves also used dance and music as part of their religious ceremonies and other social events in their community. Other times, dance was forced on slaves as a way to entertain slave
2077:
in 1925, African
American dance terms began to enter mainstream American slang. Terms like "jazzin' it", "goose bumps", "in the groove", and "swing" began to be used not just by the African American performance community, but average Whites too. With the move of these terms to the mainstream, the
1951:
for their own amusement. A 1981 article by Brooke
Baldwin concludes that the cakewalk was meant "to satirize the competing culture of supposedly 'superior' whites. Slaveholders were able to dismiss its threat in their own minds by considering it as a simple performance which existed for their own
2151:
San
Francisco's Bay Area was also a big contributor to the art of Hip-Hop, both in the music and the dance aesthetics. As Hip-Hop grew in popularity in New York, the West Coast funk movement was also thriving, and the two had influences on the style of the other. KMEL was a radio station in San
2082:
created Ballet Negre, later renamed
Chicago Dance Group. Dunham also choreographed a show entitled Rites de Passage in 1943, which detailed the story of her life in Haiti. This performance was one of the first of its kind that told a specifically Black story that detailed an experience White
1938:
Katrina
Thompson found that the evolution of black music and dance emphasizes dance as a form of release. In some instances, slaveholders forced slaves to sing and dance to entertain them while they worked. The act of singing and dancing for themselves thus became an act of reclamation. The
2175:
that portrayed Breakdancing dance moves to the world. Since then, it has become an international art form and phenomenon, stretching to other countries like Germany, South Korea, Japan, and France. It has also found its way into many more professional dance areas, like the competition show
2114:. They were the first dance studio that was catered towards black dancers with the goal to give these dancers the change to learn all kinds of dance. Their efforts made great strides in erasing the color barrier in the field of dance, and especially in classical ballet.
1698:
1585:
1885:
African American dance has been an important part of competition, tradition, and cultural expression, and plays an integral role in African American culture. Many of these dance moves have also been co-opted by White dancers and entered mainstream media.
1914:
area encompassing Virginia, Maryland, and much of North Carolina was the earliest and perhaps most influential location of the black-white cultural interchange that produced "African-American" dance. Given their cultural differences, particularly with
2061:
to local "shows" written and choreographed by African-American artists; theaters as public forums for popularizing African-American cultural dances. The Harlem Renaissance was the first time that an all-black production found itself on Broadway, with
2579:, Gus Solomon and Pearl Reynolds, he co-founded the Association of Black Choreographers, which was the predecessor to the Modern Organization for Dance Evolvement, or MODE. His work had a profound impact on many dancers and choreographers, including
2189:
2250:, described as a dance which derived from slaves before the civil war; originally called "the prize walk". Accompanied the "ragtime" style of music in the late 19th century, which as well as the dance itself came to form from African Americans.
3902:"'Dancing the Night Away : Alvin Ailey: A Life in Dance'. By Jennifer Dunning (Addison-Wesley) : 'The Joffrey Ballet: Robert Joffrey and the Making of an American Dance Company'. By Sasha Anawalt (Scribner's) [book reviews]"
2320:
author and researcher Frank R. Ross, who correctly replaced the old stereotyped "vernacular" (native or natural) definition of African-American dance with its correct definition as "cultural" (sanctioned by the National Dance Association and
2033:, Pigeon Wing, and Possum Walk to more audiences. This era also included a large migration of Black performers from the US to Europe to escape the intense racism that was prevalent, not just in the performance scene, but everywhere.
5799:
5794:
3949:
5806:
1943:, for example, developed on plantations as a subtle mockery of the formal, mannered dancing practiced by slaveholding whites. The slaves would dress in handed-down finery and comically exaggerate the poised movements of
1570:
5547:
1502:
1580:
5811:
1565:
2303:
In most African-American dance cultures, learning to dance does not happen in formal classrooms or dance studios. Children often learn to dance as they grow up, developing not only a body awareness but also
218:
5482:
864:
2280:. These performances can be seen as a commentary on society at present, or in the past. Oftentimes, dance is used in a way to combat stereotypes, empower the dancers by breaking free of western and
277:
229:
2215:. Performances have also been integrated into everyday dance life, from the relationship between performance and socializing in tap dancing to the "shows" held at Harlem ballrooms in the 1930s.
1575:
1527:
1537:
1532:
4150:
1803:
1547:
2499:, drew on African and Caribbean dances to create strong dramatic works characterized by large leaps. She often based her dances on the work of black writers and on racial issues, such as
2194:
2193:
2190:
1931:, which requires a straight, upright spine. Black dancing continued to reflect other African characteristics such as angularity and asymmetry of body positions, multiple body rhythms or
2610:
communal religious expression. This tradition, to the extent permitted by slave holders, continued in the antebellum worship of slaves and other African Americans. One example was the
2195:
2083:
audiences would not be able to relate to. This was very new for its time, as the majority of the shows at that time were performances filled with White dancers, telling White stories.
2180:. Hollywood's depictions on Breakdance have been slightly harmful though, because it has reduced the Hip-Hop dance movement to just Breakdance, and ignored many other types of dance.
1517:
6332:
6327:
5876:
4608:
4465:
420:
6139:
4596:
261:
2160:
Breakdancing is a central part of African-American modern dance, as it is the base for many more specific types of dance to stem from. It is also considered one of the pillars of
6011:
1452:
1442:
1522:
199:
2078:
people that originated them soon followed suite. The first professional African American dance company, Hampton Creative Dance Group, was created in 1928. Soon after in 1931,
7071:
2070:
was the first Black woman to headline a Broadway venue, and her work helped to eradicate racial stereotypes of black people, both in the performance industry and in society.
1512:
1507:
4706:
5295:
4430:
2045:
saw the development of art, poetry, literature and theater in Harlem during the early 20th century, it also saw the development of a rich musical and dance life: clubs (
1542:
1422:
6464:
5789:
4255:
2192:
6337:
5577:
738:
4233:
6601:
6406:
6381:
1777:
1678:
425:
297:
151:
6391:
6386:
5318:
1796:
4766:
6107:
5943:
5652:
5642:
5300:
5290:
1923:
masters, but this was reclaimed as a way for slaves to entertain themselves and pass the time while working, or at night when spending time with each other.
1732:
1712:
1472:
964:
949:
436:
4374:
Welsh-Asante Kariamu. "African-American dance in curricula: modes of inclusion" (Pathways to Aesthetic Literacy: Revealing Culture in the Dance Curriculum)
6149:
5921:
3708:
1477:
1457:
2086:
6369:
5313:
5308:
743:
204:
2295:
audience reactions, but it did not require any violence. Gangs could settle arguments with solo or crew performances, without any weapons or bloodshed.
1902:
After the start of the slave trade in the 1500s, Africans brought their dances to North, Central, and South America, along with the Caribbean islands.
6028:
5532:
4641:
1407:
1284:
318:
6376:
6006:
5527:
4749:
4581:
1789:
1727:
1492:
1447:
2589:(born 1940) danced with Pomare's company, contributed to the definition of "Black Dance", and leaves a huge legacy in Australia in the form of the
6342:
6302:
6144:
6048:
5977:
5582:
2541:. He spent several years working in both concert and theater dance. In 1958, Ailey and a group of young African-American dancers performed as the
1693:
1437:
1432:
1417:
53:
3375:
7505:
6401:
6396:
6364:
6134:
6038:
6001:
5782:
1412:
1397:
1304:
4543:
4538:
2614:
in the early church. Dancing, especially as a group, became less frequent when African Americans joined more liturgical denominations such as
2191:
246:
241:
6359:
6317:
6129:
4677:
4423:
4317:
3754:
3304:
1364:
441:
430:
292:
214:
6457:
6307:
6292:
6156:
6065:
6060:
5994:
4455:
1467:
1427:
1369:
1324:
184:
2444:
2125:
was a way for black people, mostly LGBTQ+ performers and women, to come together and compete, to show off, and have a chance to be seen.
8009:
7601:
6282:
6119:
6089:
5871:
5450:
4662:
1354:
1334:
1179:
748:
594:
6484:
6272:
6166:
6082:
5926:
5707:
5507:
4658:
4636:
2542:
1856:
1482:
1462:
1016:
881:
313:
4272:
3930:
2642:
movement of the 1960s and 1970s as well as efforts by groups such as The Sacred Dance Guild fostered this dance form, which draws on
2439:
movement (flexible torso and spine, articulated pelvis, isolation of the limbs, and polyrhythmic movement). Notable people included:
100:
8014:
6419:
4809:
4460:
3463:
3213:
2430:
362:
194:
119:
72:
1970:
Early performances of African American dances in mainstream spaces were not done by Black performers, but rather White dancers in
6347:
6312:
6297:
6055:
5657:
4901:
4871:
4687:
4416:
2379:
and composition on the spot, in a social context – rather than a strict division between "creation" and "performance", as in the
2002:
1772:
1708:
1319:
969:
382:
282:
1974:. These dance performances were interpreted more as a satirical comedy or "slapstick burlesque" as opposed to genuine artistry.
8004:
7983:
7427:
6633:
6450:
6354:
6277:
6072:
5948:
5916:
5647:
5512:
5217:
4856:
4171:"Where They At: New Orleans Hip-Hop and Bounce in Words and Pictures. Aubrey Edwards and Alison Fensterstock. New Orleans 2010"
1274:
1141:
959:
886:
79:
6576:
6124:
6018:
5933:
5537:
2678:
1683:
1359:
1309:
57:
2571:(1937–2008) was born in Colombia, but moved to New York as a child, and later founded the Eleo Pomare Dance Company. With
2474:
6489:
6161:
6094:
6077:
6023:
5972:
5911:
5816:
5777:
5717:
5517:
4906:
4886:
4693:
4672:
4196:
3834:
3482:
2355:
who traveled with bands in the early 20th century, describing the way tap dancers worked with the musicians to create new
1374:
1344:
1329:
1314:
1289:
1269:
891:
525:
392:
7364:
7127:
5984:
5960:
5955:
5938:
5906:
5849:
4962:
4911:
4744:
4211:
2639:
1402:
1294:
1279:
1264:
1231:
530:
209:
86:
2203:
Competition has long played an important role in social dance in African-American social dance, from the "battles"' of
7392:
7061:
6571:
6249:
6241:
6184:
6099:
5587:
5492:
5348:
5330:
5232:
4891:
4861:
4586:
4506:
4485:
2801:
2322:
1875:
have also provided opportunities for African-American artists to share their work and for the public to support them.
1868:
1625:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1349:
821:
612:
582:
520:
469:
397:
287:
3787:
3689:
3661:
3435:
2409:, and John F. Szwed and Morton Marks have discussed the development of jazz and jazz dance in America from European
2001:
developed Vaudeville touring companies and theater circuits to showcase African-American talent, paving the way for
7498:
7369:
7342:
7232:
7051:
6534:
6267:
6204:
6194:
5744:
5502:
5462:
4819:
4513:
3996:
3208:
2937:
2505:
2486:
2317:
2177:
2135:
mothers (leaders of the drag houses). It discusses how they started, how they came to be, and the culture of them.
1847:, these dances are characterized by ongoing change and development. There are a number of notable African-American
1831:
communities in the United States, rather than studios, schools, or companies. These dances are usually centered on
1640:
1620:
1123:
1058:
831:
733:
700:
487:
372:
68:
6911:
46:
7976:
7900:
7568:
7432:
6176:
5989:
5821:
5382:
4881:
4719:
4526:
3520:
3411:
1852:
1595:
1339:
1299:
588:
7947:
6981:
5866:
5430:
5343:
4987:
4776:
4591:
4531:
4521:
4447:
3198:
3193:
2095:
1864:
1174:
954:
801:
685:
459:
340:
168:
4367:
Szwed, John F., and Morton Marks. "The Afro-American Transformation of European Set Dances and Dance Suites."
2017:, a fusion of Irish and African American movements, was made popular at this time by Black dancers, including
3876:
2337:
7640:
7536:
7297:
7092:
7076:
7024:
6653:
6199:
5749:
5403:
5372:
5152:
5092:
4957:
4700:
4036:
3804:
Friedland, LeeEllen. "Social Commentary in African-American Movement Performance", in Brenda Farnell (ed.),
3529:
3181:
3056:
2586:
2572:
2127:
2103:
1860:
1688:
1630:
1093:
1053:
776:
675:
553:
367:
6114:
2638:
has become more accepted as and element of worship even among Methodist and other liturgical churches. The
6831:
5844:
5082:
4876:
4866:
4614:
4553:
4346:
3203:
2594:
2580:
387:
377:
4170:
4001:
3901:
7964:
7910:
7722:
7593:
7491:
6971:
6896:
6189:
5702:
5567:
5522:
5338:
5057:
5022:
4841:
4824:
4631:
4548:
3906:
3051:
2957:
1011:
1001:
933:
896:
680:
670:
570:
251:
4256:"Is Fortnite stealing black dance culture? The creator of the ‘Milly Rock’ argues yes in a new lawsuit"
3429:
4383:
The African Aesthetic: Keeper of the Traditions (Contributions in Afro-American & African Studies)
2329:
7970:
7874:
7742:
7402:
7262:
7257:
7222:
6994:
6856:
6431:
5839:
5602:
5413:
5365:
5237:
5127:
5032:
4799:
4789:
4761:
4626:
4480:
3741:, Masculine Identity and Performance in the Circuit, University Press of Colorado, pp. 163–183,
3592:
3120:
3092:
2784:
2691:
2590:
1767:
1219:
464:
256:
189:
3438:|journal=Encyclopedia of Race and Racism |publisher=Gale |volume=P. Mason Ed. |via=CREDO Reference}}
93:
7959:
7864:
7717:
7705:
7437:
7354:
7182:
7117:
7107:
6626:
6219:
6214:
5572:
5487:
4967:
4756:
4646:
4576:
4330:
Hazzard-Gordon, Katrina. "African-American Vernacular Dance: Core Culture and Meaning Operatives."
2761:
2006:
1911:
1635:
1118:
1113:
1075:
492:
323:
7905:
7895:
7359:
7322:
7317:
7307:
7292:
7277:
7227:
7207:
7122:
7112:
6999:
6906:
6287:
6224:
5967:
5425:
5192:
5172:
5077:
5002:
4829:
4734:
4724:
4712:
4603:
4500:
4475:
4099:
4091:
3760:
3639:
3549:
3349:
3341:
3294:
2756:
2683:
2576:
2287:
Dance is used in this case to tell stories that are personal to those of African descent and the
2042:
1986:
1879:
1006:
791:
558:
535:
224:
4402:
6539:
4095:
4063:
7915:
7890:
7885:
7374:
7327:
7252:
7237:
7172:
7147:
7142:
6759:
6566:
5734:
5455:
5117:
5087:
4682:
4439:
4313:
4190:
4083:
3990:
3750:
3631:
3541:
3459:
3300:
3153:
2924:
2919:
2875:
2771:
2766:
2372:
2161:
2026:
1990:
1894:
1840:
1191:
811:
652:
159:
3950:"For Alvin Ailey Dance Theater, the themes that inspired its founder are as relevant as ever"
7803:
7697:
7686:
7576:
7552:
7467:
7452:
7397:
7287:
7272:
7132:
7097:
7056:
7036:
7009:
6989:
6956:
6926:
6784:
6754:
6658:
6509:
6504:
5890:
5861:
5856:
5754:
5722:
5695:
5420:
5037:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4559:
4223:
4075:
3967:
3742:
3623:
3568:
3533:
3333:
3061:
3026:
2635:
2451:
2288:
2079:
2074:
2013:, who ran a touring company considered 'an incubator for Black Talent,' especially dancers.
1964:
1872:
1828:
1820:
1186:
1043:
871:
806:
786:
695:
3806:
Human Action Signs in Cultural Context: The Visible and the Invisible in Movement and Dance
7935:
7811:
7711:
7412:
7337:
7282:
7197:
7177:
7167:
7162:
7152:
7014:
6879:
6789:
6699:
6668:
6529:
5885:
5712:
5622:
5617:
5398:
5353:
5207:
5197:
5177:
5162:
5062:
4937:
4927:
4566:
3260:
3136:
3069:
2947:
2500:
2406:
2333:
2277:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1214:
1021:
771:
690:
3502:
Ring Shout, Wheel About: The Racial Politics of Music and Dance in North American Slavery
2654:, in which texts and lyrics are acted out, has found some acceptance in black churches.
1878:
African American dance has had many waves of ingenuity, especially in the 20th century.
7825:
7472:
7442:
7417:
7384:
7312:
7267:
7212:
7202:
7187:
7157:
7102:
7046:
6874:
6769:
6663:
6619:
6561:
6322:
5727:
5690:
5680:
5440:
5435:
5377:
5212:
5142:
5072:
5067:
4571:
4495:
4155:
2998:
2962:
2865:
2860:
2722:
2534:
2067:
2050:
1882:
was an especially important time for this artform and greatly influenced modern dance.
1851:
companies using African-American cultural dance as an inspiration, among these are the
1673:
1098:
1068:
826:
816:
647:
17:
7998:
7940:
7727:
7619:
7560:
7544:
7462:
7447:
7422:
7407:
7332:
7247:
7137:
7087:
6961:
6941:
6921:
6799:
6764:
6704:
6694:
6689:
6591:
6581:
6519:
5280:
5262:
5252:
5222:
5167:
5122:
5107:
5052:
5042:
5027:
4977:
4972:
4942:
4739:
4667:
4490:
4103:
3643:
3353:
3240:
3230:
3046:
3021:
3016:
2983:
2952:
2914:
2834:
2746:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2515:
2510:
2463:
2414:
2360:
2345:
2204:
2118:
2111:
2063:
2057:
and other black spaces as the birthplaces of new dances, theaters and the shift from
2018:
1994:
1928:
1916:
1844:
1824:
1742:
1737:
4079:
2131:
is a documentary about ball culture and its evolution shown through the eyes of the
7775:
7758:
7737:
7655:
7584:
7514:
7457:
7302:
7242:
7192:
7004:
6946:
6901:
6841:
6836:
6774:
6746:
6734:
6719:
6714:
6524:
5592:
5360:
5285:
5257:
5242:
5227:
5182:
5157:
5137:
5047:
5017:
5012:
4982:
4932:
4784:
4470:
4013:
3235:
3170:
3149:
2806:
2779:
2673:
2643:
2607:
2558:
2492:
2478:
2383:
2376:
2341:
2281:
2122:
1848:
1836:
1226:
1038:
766:
629:
3436:
https://search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NDIzMzI5MQ==?aid=129805
2371:– the two are linked by their emphasis on improvisation and creative additions to
2199:
Milwaukee United Steppers giving a glimpse of Milwaukee Style stepping and bopping
5548:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)
4344:
Jackson, Jonathan David. "Improvisation in African-American Vernacular Dancing."
4151:"Tennessee Voices, Episode 208: Eddie Bailey, Memphis-born documentary filmmaker"
7820:
7732:
7650:
7645:
7217:
6936:
6891:
6814:
6779:
6729:
5612:
5597:
5445:
5408:
5247:
5202:
5187:
4952:
4947:
4794:
3159:
3145:
2993:
2870:
2712:
2634:
churches. Individuals often rose to dance when moved to do so. Since the 1970s,
2631:
2568:
2526:
2273:
2171:
Breakdancing became mainstream in the 1980s, following the release of the movie
2107:
2099:
2046:
1982:
1392:
1048:
901:
781:
565:
136:
132:
35:
3838:
3612:"Paris Is Burning, Jennie Livingston (dir.) (1990), USA: Off White Productions"
7041:
7031:
7019:
6931:
6864:
6826:
6809:
6804:
6724:
6709:
6684:
6551:
6494:
5147:
5132:
5102:
5097:
4846:
4814:
4653:
4621:
3764:
3734:
3337:
3225:
3115:
2987:
2883:
2811:
2789:
2668:
2647:
2611:
2554:
2368:
2305:
2256:
2228:
2224:
2172:
2132:
2058:
2054:
2030:
1978:
1932:
1832:
497:
236:
140:
4390:
African Culture the Rhythms of Unity: The Rhythms of Unity Africa World Press
4087:
3635:
3545:
6966:
6846:
6794:
6586:
6556:
5761:
5607:
5112:
4896:
4834:
4729:
4403:
Discussion of the roots of African-American social dance with demonstrations
3487:
The Handy Answer Book Series: The Handy African American History Answer Book
3126:
3041:
3031:
2751:
2734:
2615:
2436:
2410:
2352:
2261:
2208:
2014:
1977:
But at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, all-Black
1971:
1722:
1063:
796:
575:
402:
4064:"Shared Possessions: Black Pentecostals, Afro-Caribbeans, and Sacred Music"
3746:
3611:
3537:
3518:
Baldwin, Brooke (1981). "The Cakewalk: A Study in Stereotype and Reality".
3627:
6916:
6819:
6514:
6499:
6442:
6234:
6229:
5739:
3220:
3141:
3105:
2717:
2623:
2619:
2496:
2470:, African and Caribbean movement integrated with ballet and modern dance.
2402:
2284:
beauty standards, and help them work through generational racial trauma.
2247:
2234:
2212:
1940:
1108:
1033:
1026:
4339:
Jookin': The Rise of Social Dance Formations in African-American Culture
6544:
4851:
3553:
3456:
Ballroom, Boogie, Shimmy Sham, Shake: A Social and Popular Dance Reader
3376:"9 Internationally Acclaimed Black Dance Companies Besides Alvin Ailey"
3345:
3321:
3110:
3036:
3003:
2942:
2844:
2627:
2459:
2418:
2356:
1196:
502:
5483:
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
4376:
American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
2143:
7635:
6869:
5685:
3696:. St. James Press (Ed.). St. James Press – via CREDO Reference.
3668:. St. James Press (Ed.). St. James Press – via CREDO Reference.
3131:
2839:
2482:
2386:
2380:
1944:
1843:
often supplies complementary aspects to this. Placing great value on
1103:
4408:
4355:
Steppin' on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance
4228:
3974:. Includes link to extensive notes summarising the videoed interview
3296:
Steppin' on the Blues: The Visible Rhythms of African American Dance
4118:"Sacred Dance Guild | Celebrating Dance as a Sacred Art since 1958"
3984:
Eleo Pomare was interviewed by The HistoryMakers on April 18, 2007.
6951:
6884:
6642:
5498:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
5497:
4018:
3837:. Katherine Dunham Centers for Arts and Humanities. Archived from
3087:
2909:
2904:
2561:
as inspiration. His most popular and critically acclaimed work is
2550:
2435:
African America modern dance blends modern dance with African and
2390:
2187:
2142:
2085:
1948:
1893:
876:
131:
5542:
4117:
3822:
Soul Dancing! The Essential African American Cultural Dance Book
3709:"The Extraordinary Story Of Why A 'Cakewalk' Wasn't Always Easy"
2829:
2651:
2364:
906:
7487:
7483:
6615:
6446:
4412:
2397:
It is equally important to talk about the relationship between
4277:
4177:. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 June 2019
2316:"African American Cultural Dance" was a description coined by
1955:
Black slaves would often dance after a day of picking cotton.
29:
3418:. Johns Hopkins University Press – via CREDO Reference.
2458:
in 1936 and then the Katherine Dunham Dance Company based in
2328:
Some of the popular African-American dances of today are the
2090:
Ballet rehearsal at the Dance Theater of Harlem, 24 July 1971
1981:
shows with chorus line dancers started popping up, including
3261:"Dancin' on the Shoulders of Our Ancestors: An Introduction"
2147:
Hip hop street dancing, aka break dancing, in San Francisco.
2121:
was a popular type of performance at events known as Balls.
2029:. Shows from this era introduced dances like the Cakewalk,
3458:, University of Illinois Press, 2009. Illustrated edition.
2398:
2164:, and is essential to that music community and aesthetic.
4357:. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
4296:
Dancing Many Drums: Excavations in African-American Dance
3299:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 79–82, 112–115.
6611:
2272:
African-American dance is often used as a way to combat
4325:
Digging the Africanist Presence in American Performance
3322:"African-American Dance: Researching a Complex History"
2448:
Katherine Dunham in "Tropical Revue". October 16, 1943
2359:. Much has been written about the relationship between
1819:
is a form of dance that was created by Africans in the
2005:. Notable entertainers included dancer/choreographer
4212:"Dirty Decade: Rap Music and the US South, 1997–2007"
4273:"Hip Hop Dances and the Songs That Popularized Them"
1927:
actually reflected the African practice of carrying
1827:. It has developed within various spaces throughout
7928:
7873:
7848:
7834:
7802:
7785:
7768:
7751:
7696:
7679:
7668:
7628:
7612:
7528:
7521:
7383:
7070:
6980:
6855:
6745:
6677:
6260:
6175:
5899:
5832:
5770:
5670:
5631:
5556:
5471:
5391:
5329:
5271:
4920:
4775:
4446:
1699:
Unarmed African Americans killed by police officers
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4362:Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance
4303:Black Dance in the United States from 1619 to 1970
3450:
3448:
3446:
3444:
2351:Jacqui Malone describes the relationships between
4298:. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.
5533:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
4327:. Connecticut and London: Greenwood Press, 1996.
3794:. P. Mason Ed. Gale – via CREDO Reference.
3489:. Visible Ink Press – via CREDO Reference.
5578:Black players in professional American football
5528:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
3816:
3814:
4341:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.
3144:, part of a larger set of moves unique to the
426:Education of freed people during the Civil War
7499:
6627:
6458:
4424:
4136:
4134:
3931:"Alvin Ailey: Believer in the Power of Dance"
3430:"Black History and Dance in America, a story"
2519:(1945). Her dance company developed into the
1797:
8:
5291:Historically black colleges and universities
3616:Queer Studies in Media & Popular Culture
2602:African-American sacred and liturgical dance
437:Historically black colleges and universities
3824:. Reston: National Dance Association, 2010.
421:Education during the slave period in the US
7676:
7525:
7506:
7492:
7484:
6634:
6620:
6612:
6465:
6451:
6443:
5560:
4431:
4417:
4409:
2417:in relation to the development of musical
1804:
1790:
1661:
1252:
1162:
989:
927:
852:
744:National Black Caucus of State Legislators
721:
617:
345:
173:
146:
5508:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
4364:. 3rd edn. New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.
4305:. California: National Press Books, 1972.
4227:
3694:St. James Encyclopedia of Hip Hop Culture
3666:St. James Encyclopedia of Hip Hop Culture
2184:Performance, competition and social dance
200:Slavery in the colonial history of the US
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3808:. London: Scarecrow Press, 1995. 136–57.
3378:. Atlanta Black Star. Atlanta Black Star
2473:
2443:
2037:New York City and the Harlem Renaissance
4140:Approved by National Dance Association.
3251:
2549:. He drew upon his "blood memories" of
2454:(1909–2006) trained in ballet, founded
1707:
1664:
1594:
1556:
1491:
1383:
1255:
1205:
1165:
1132:
1084:
992:
941:
855:
757:
724:
661:
638:
620:
544:
511:
478:
450:
411:
348:
305:
269:
176:
158:
6407:Topics related to the African diaspora
5513:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
4188:
4031:
4029:
3988:
3929:Dunning, Jennifer (10 December 1989).
6387:Landmark African-American legislation
4360:Stearns, Marshall, and Jean Stearns.
3781:
3779:
3707:Gahndi, Lakshmi (December 23, 2013).
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3655:
3653:
3513:
3511:
2606:Dance was and is an integral part of
2521:Pearl Primus Dance Language Institute
2231:and the importance of the front porch
942:Athletic associations and conferences
431:History of African-American education
7:
5518:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
4041:www.theafricanamericanlectionary.org
3476:
3474:
3472:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
2394:they can express themselves freely.
865:Association for the Study of African
58:adding citations to reliable sources
7602:CBX: Canadian Ballroom Extravaganza
5872:African-American Vernacular English
2009:, "The Queen of Cakewalk", and The
1679:Race and ethnicity in the US census
1180:African-American Vernacular English
749:National Conference of Black Mayors
6485:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
5790:U.S. cities with large populations
5493:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
4254:Flynn, Meagan (December 6, 2018),
3948:Crabb, Michael (30 January 2019).
2622:but was more likely maintained in
2543:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
2462:. In 1945, she opened a school in
1857:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
882:National Black Chamber of Commerce
25:
7778:(founder & inventor of vogue)
4663:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
4659:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
4466:African American founding fathers
4312:. McFarland & Company, 2007.
4236:from the original on July 5, 2017
4043:. The African American Lectionary
4037:"The African American Lectionary"
3500:Thompson, Katrina Dyonne (2014).
3214:Modern dance in the United States
2431:Modern dance in the United States
2299:Tradition and Cultural Expression
1586:Places by plurality of population
252:Civil rights movement (1954–1968)
242:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
195:Abolitionism in the United States
6600:
6425:
5543:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
4688:Nadir of American race relations
3862:Katherine Dunham: Dancing a Life
3610:Allen, Patrick S. (2022-09-01).
3572:, February 1953. Vol. 8, p. 100.
3416:Encyclopedia of American Studies
2237:, cabaret clubs and church halls
2003:African-American Musical Theater
1761:
283:Black Belt in the American South
34:
7984:African-American LGBT community
7858:Robbie St. Laurent (co-founder)
7428:Dance in mythology and religion
4549:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
4539:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
4096:10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0005
4080:10.5406/blacmusiresej.32.1.0005
3864:. University of Illinois Press.
3792:Encyclopedia of Race and Racism
3504:. University of Illinois Press.
1935:, and a low center of gravity.
887:National Council of Negro Women
45:needs additional citations for
7861:Terry St. Laurent (co-founder)
7855:Chris St. Laurent (co-founder)
5538:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
4544:Civil right movement 1896–1954
3268:Journal of Pan African Studies
2679:Stick dance (African-American)
2650:. Since the late 1980s gospel
1684:Racism against Black Americans
1:
6490:American Negro Ballet Company
5718:Cherokee freedmen controversy
4694:The Negro Motorist Green Book
2425:African-American modern dance
2156:African-American Modern Dance
892:National Pan-Hellenic Council
4068:Black Music Research Journal
3860:Aschenbenner, Joyce (2002).
2849:Adult African American Dance
2401:MCs, b-boys and b-girls and
2375:while they are in process –
1694:School segregation in the US
1232:Black American Sign Language
1206:Languages and other dialects
7817:Lottie LaBeija (co-founder)
5588:Black players in ice hockey
5523:National Urban League (NUL)
5349:American Society of Muslims
4587:Selma to Montgomery marches
4507:Brown v. Board of Education
3410:LaPointe-Crump, J. (2021).
3148:style of hip hop known as "
2323:International Dance Council
1989:. Black entrepreneurs like
521:African-American businesses
8031:
8010:Dance in the United States
7792:Richard Ebony (co-founder)
5745:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
5503:Nashville Student Movement
4514:Children of the plantation
4323:Gottschild, Brenda Dixon.
3877:"Pearl Primus (1919–1994)"
3875:Mennenga, Lacinda (2008).
3209:Dance in the United States
3123:(popularized in the 2000s)
2732:
2529:(1931–1989) studied under
2506:The Negro Speaks of Rivers
2487:National Library of Israel
2468:Katherine Dunham Technique
2428:
2318:National Dance Association
2178:So You Think You Can Dance
1906:Development during slavery
1059:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
734:Congressional Black Caucus
701:African Diaspora Religions
488:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
7977:Blond Ambition World Tour
7901:Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza
6649:
6598:
6480:
6415:
6382:Index of related articles
5563:
5383:Doctrine of Father Divine
4767:Women's suffrage movement
4720:Reconstruction Amendments
4527:Voting Rights Act of 1965
4378:(AAHPERD) (July 28, 2005)
4337:Hazzard-Gordon, Katrina.
4195:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4014:"Johnson, Carole (1940–)"
3521:Journal of Social History
3338:10.1017/S0149767700004472
2073:Following the release of
1566:US states and territories
867:American Life and History
589:Lift Every Voice and Sing
298:Treatment of the enslaved
8015:African-American culture
7948:African-American culture
7875:The House of Xtravaganza
7849:The House of St. Laurent
7795:Larry Ebony (co-founder)
6432:United States portal
5867:African-American English
5296:Inventors and scientists
4988:George Washington Carver
4592:Chicago Freedom Movement
4385:, Greenwood Press, 1993.
4350:33.2 (2001/2002): 40–53.
4332:Journal of Black Studies
4062:Reed, Teresa L. (2012).
3968:"Eleo Pomare: Biography"
3412:"African American Dance"
3199:African-American history
3194:African-American culture
3152:", especially post-[
1865:Katherine Dunham Company
1768:United States portal
1175:African-American English
686:African-American Muslims
247:Jim Crow era (1896–1954)
69:"African-American dance"
6355:African-American firsts
5404:Back-to-Africa movement
5373:Black Hebrew Israelites
5153:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
4701:Partus sequitur ventrem
3530:Oxford University Press
3320:Jackson, Naomi (1996).
2338:Walking, D.C. Baltimore
2104:Dance Theater of Harlem
2019:Bill Bojangles Robinson
1929:heavy loads on the head
1861:Dance Theatre of Harlem
1689:Reparations for slavery
777:Back-to-Africa movement
676:Black Hebrew Israelites
554:African-American beauty
8005:African-American dance
7953:African-American dance
7882:Hector Valle (founder)
6474:African-American dance
6323:Spingarn Medal winners
5812:States and territories
5583:Black NFL quarterbacks
5083:Martin Luther King Jr.
4615:Dred Scott v. Sandford
4554:Montgomery bus boycott
4388:Welsh-Asante Kariamu.
4381:Welsh-Asante Kariamu.
4369:Dance Research Journal
4347:Dance Research Journal
4310:African American Dance
3995:: CS1 maint: others (
3786:Bambara, C.W. (2013).
3747:10.2307/j.ctt4cgq6k.17
3733:Weems, Mickey (2008),
3326:Dance Research Journal
3204:African-American music
3099:Dance genres and moves
3010:Dance genres and moves
2931:Dance genres and moves
2740:Dance genres and moves
2595:Bangarra Dance Theatre
2581:Indigenous Australians
2490:
2449:
2200:
2148:
2091:
1899:
1880:The Harlem Renaissance
1853:Whitey's Lindy Hoppers
1817:African-American dance
1159:Dialects and languages
319:Second Great Migration
144:
18:African American dance
7965:Imperial Court System
7841:Kevin Milan (founder)
7723:Jean-Philippe Aviance
5633:Athletic associations
5568:Negro league baseball
5339:African-American Jews
5058:Ketanji Brown Jackson
5023:Henry Highland Garnet
4882:Negro National Anthem
4632:George Floyd protests
4597:Post–civil rights era
4301:Emery, Lynne Fauley.
4210:Matt, Miller (2008).
3907:The Los Angeles Times
3820:Ross, Frank Russell.
3628:10.1386/qsmpc_00082_5
3182:Crank That Soulja Boy
2495:(1919–1994), born in
2477:
2447:
2367:and improvisation in
2253:The Harvest Moon Ball
2198:
2146:
2089:
1897:
1571:US metropolitan areas
1398:List of neighborhoods
1012:Alabama Creole people
1002:African-American Jews
934:Negro league baseball
897:National Urban League
849:Civic/economic groups
681:African-American Jews
571:African-American hair
433:, after the Civil War
262:Post–civil rights era
143:, early 20th century.
135:
7804:The House of LaBeija
7743:Tamsier Joof Aviance
7698:The House of Aviance
7393:Dance and disability
5840:Afro-Seminole Creole
5366:Azusa Street Revival
5238:Booker T. Washington
4762:Underground Railroad
4627:Free people of color
4481:Atlantic slave trade
4334:15.4 (1985): 427–45.
3591:Allen, Zita (2001).
3538:10.1353/jsh/15.2.205
2591:NAISDA Dance College
2313:creative processes.
2268:Protest and Activism
2094:In the late 1960's,
1728:Criminal stereotypes
1503:District of Columbia
1220:Afro-Seminole Creole
662:Non-Christian groups
257:Black power movement
221:during the Civil War
190:Atlantic slave trade
54:improve this article
7960:Cross dressing ball
7865:Octavia St. Laurent
7769:The House of Dupree
7718:Erickatoure Aviance
7706:Mother Juan Aviance
7680:The House of Amazon
7529:Film and television
7438:Dance on television
6235:Trinidad and Tobago
5850:Black American Sign
5677:By African descent
5671:Ethnic subdivisions
5658:Southwestern (SWAC)
5573:Baseball color line
5488:Black Panther Party
5392:Political movements
5309:in computer science
4968:Carol Moseley Braun
4757:Tulsa race massacre
4750:Treatment of slaves
4582:March on Washington
4577:Birmingham movement
4371:20.1 (1988): 29–36.
4260:The Washington Post
4175:wheretheyatnola.com
3660:Conway, N. (2018).
2729:1920s through 1940s
2640:black consciousness
2219:Social dance spaces
2007:Aida Overton Walker
1823:, specifically the
1124:Sierra Leone Creole
1085:Specific ancestries
970:Southwestern (SWAC)
493:Black History Month
324:New Great Migration
278:Agriculture history
7906:Lorena Xtravaganza
7896:Hector Xtravaganza
7835:The House of Milan
7786:The House of Ebony
7752:The House of Corey
6333:US representatives
6328:US cabinet members
6220:Dominican Republic
5807:Metropolitan areas
5648:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
5473:Civic and economic
5451:Self-determination
5272:Education, science
5193:Fred Shuttlesworth
5173:A. Philip Randolph
5078:Coretta Scott King
5003:Frederick Douglass
4830:Harlem Renaissance
4735:Separate but equal
4725:Reconstruction era
4713:Plessy v. Ferguson
4604:Cornerstone Speech
4518:Civil Rights Acts
4501:Black Lives Matter
4476:American Civil War
4405:. Duke University.
4308:Glass, Barbara S.
4294:deFrantz, Thomas.
3935:The New York Times
3910:. 17 November 1996
3835:"Katherine Dunham"
3481:Smith, J. (2014).
2491:
2450:
2227:, street parties,
2201:
2149:
2112:1984 Olympic Games
2092:
2066:debuting in 1921.
2043:Harlem Renaissance
1912:Greater Chesapeake
1900:
1133:Sexual orientation
1007:Afro-Puerto Ricans
960:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
595:Self-determination
559:Black is beautiful
225:Reconstruction era
145:
7992:
7991:
7924:
7923:
7916:Venus Xtravaganza
7891:Danni Xtravaganza
7886:Angie Xtravaganza
7664:
7663:
7481:
7480:
7433:Dance occupations
7370:Wallis and Futuna
6609:
6608:
6440:
6439:
6268:African Americans
6140:Dallas–Fort Worth
5735:Black Southerners
5666:
5665:
5118:Thurgood Marshall
5088:Bernard Lafayette
4683:Million Man March
4440:African Americans
4318:978-0-7864-7157-7
3972:The HistoryMakers
3756:978-0-87421-691-2
3688:White, K (2018).
3566:"Cakewalk King",
3374:Kenney, Tanasia.
3306:978-0-252-06508-8
3175:The Shmoney Dance
3154:Hurricane Katrina
2925:Philadelphia soul
2920:Minneapolis sound
2242:Competitive dance
2196:
2027:Nicholas Brothers
1987:Isham's Octaroons
1841:performance dance
1839:practice, though
1814:
1813:
1751:
1750:
1649:
1648:
1423:Dallas-Fort Worth
1240:
1239:
1150:
1149:
1094:Americo-Liberians
977:
976:
915:
914:
840:
839:
709:
708:
653:Womanist theology
603:
602:
545:Symbols and ideas
331:
330:
210:Antebellum period
205:Revolutionary War
160:African Americans
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
8022:
7677:
7537:Paris Is Burning
7526:
7508:
7501:
7494:
7485:
7468:History of dance
7453:Dance technology
7398:Dance and health
7348:African-American
6636:
6629:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6510:Dancing for eels
6505:Chicago stepping
6467:
6460:
6453:
6444:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6392:Lynching victims
5891:Louisiana Creole
5862:American English
5750:Louisiana Creole
5723:Choctaw freedmen
5561:
5098:Huddie Ledbetter
5038:Fannie Lou Hamer
5008:W. E. B. Du Bois
4998:Claudette Colvin
4993:Shirley Chisholm
4810:Family structure
4678:Military history
4560:Browder v. Gayle
4433:
4426:
4419:
4410:
4353:Malone, Jacqui.
4283:
4282:
4269:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4231:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4194:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4010:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3986:
3981:
3979:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3831:
3825:
3818:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3739:The Fierce Tribe
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3582:
3581:Baldwin, p. 211.
3579:
3573:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3478:
3467:
3452:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3265:
3256:
3167:Whip and Nae Nae
3066:Detroit Ballroom
3062:Chicago stepping
2854:Dances and moves
2663:Pre-19th century
2658:Genres by period
2636:liturgical dance
2452:Katherine Dunham
2330:Detroit Ballroom
2289:African diaspora
2197:
2128:Paris Is Burning
2080:Katherine Dunham
2075:The Great Gatsby
1965:Black Vaudeville
1959:Black Vaudeville
1829:African-American
1806:
1799:
1792:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1713:media depictions
1662:
1557:Population count
1253:
1187:Liberian English
1166:English dialects
1163:
1119:Samaná Americans
1044:Creoles of color
990:
928:
872:Black conductors
853:
722:
696:Louisiana Voodoo
618:
363:Family structure
346:
293:Military history
288:Business history
219:military history
174:
147:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8020:
8019:
7995:
7994:
7993:
7988:
7936:African culture
7920:
7869:
7844:
7830:
7812:Crystal LaBeija
7798:
7781:
7764:
7747:
7712:Aviance Records
7692:
7672:
7670:
7660:
7624:
7608:
7517:
7512:
7482:
7477:
7413:Dance etiquette
7379:
7138:Burma (Myanmar)
7078:
7074:
7066:
7015:Lead and follow
6976:
6912:Country–western
6851:
6832:Novelty and fad
6790:Hoochie coochie
6741:
6700:closed position
6673:
6669:List of dancers
6645:
6640:
6610:
6605:
6596:
6476:
6471:
6441:
6436:
6426:
6424:
6411:
6377:Historic places
6370:US state firsts
6256:
6171:
5895:
5828:
5800:2010 majorities
5795:2000 majorities
5766:
5713:Black Seminoles
5662:
5653:Southern (SIAC)
5636:
5635:and conferences
5634:
5627:
5623:Serena Williams
5618:Jackie Robinson
5552:
5476:
5474:
5467:
5387:
5354:Nation of Islam
5325:
5273:
5267:
5208:Sojourner Truth
5198:Clarence Thomas
5163:Gabriel Prosser
5063:Michael Jackson
4938:Crispus Attucks
4928:Ralph Abernathy
4916:
4872:Musical theater
4771:
4637:Great Migration
4609:COVID-19 impact
4567:Sit-in movement
4442:
4437:
4399:
4291:
4289:Further reading
4286:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4229:10.18737/M78P5T
4216:Southern Spaces
4209:
4208:
4204:
4187:
4180:
4178:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4139:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4002:Interview notes
3987:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3885:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3767:
3757:
3735:"Popular Dance"
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3687:
3686:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3593:"Free to Dance"
3590:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3565:
3561:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3480:
3479:
3470:
3453:
3442:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3409:
3408:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3293:Malone (1996).
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3263:
3259:Glocke (2011).
3258:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3190:
3156:after 2005]
3078:
3076:2000s and 2010s
3070:Gangsta Walking
2974:
2972:1980s and 1990s
2895:
2820:
2798:
2737:
2731:
2703:
2665:
2660:
2604:
2501:Langston Hughes
2433:
2427:
2407:hip hop culture
2334:Chicago Steppin
2301:
2278:white supremacy
2270:
2244:
2221:
2188:
2186:
2158:
2141:
2096:Arthur Mitchell
2039:
2011:Whitman Sisters
1999:Griffin Sisters
1983:The Creole Show
1963:(main article:
1961:
1917:music and dance
1908:
1892:
1810:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1703:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1590:
1552:
1528:Omaha, Nebraska
1493:Historic places
1487:
1379:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1201:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1128:
1080:
1022:Black Seminoles
987:
986:Sub-communities
979:
978:
965:Southern (SIAC)
925:
917:
916:
911:
866:
850:
842:
841:
836:
753:
719:
711:
710:
705:
691:Nation of Islam
657:
634:
615:
605:
604:
599:
540:
507:
474:
446:
407:
383:Musical theater
343:
333:
332:
314:Great Migration
171:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8028:
8026:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8007:
7997:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7986:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7956:
7955:
7945:
7944:
7943:
7932:
7930:
7929:Related topics
7926:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7918:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7879:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7859:
7856:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7828:
7826:Pepper LaBeija
7823:
7818:
7815:
7808:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7709:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7683:
7681:
7674:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7626:
7625:
7623:
7622:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7598:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7573:
7565:
7557:
7549:
7541:
7532:
7530:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7511:
7510:
7503:
7496:
7488:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7473:Women in dance
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7443:Dance research
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7418:Dance notation
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7084:
7082:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6986:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6888:
6887:
6882:
6872:
6867:
6861:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6687:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6664:List of dances
6661:
6656:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6616:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6462:
6455:
6447:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6422:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6352:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6343:Visual artists
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6303:Mathematicians
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6244:
6239:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6181:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6127:
6122:
6120:South Carolina
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6090:North Carolina
6087:
6086:
6085:
6075:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6035:Massachusetts
6033:
6032:
6031:
6021:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6004:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5946:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5877:social context
5874:
5864:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5809:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5758:
5757:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5731:
5730:
5728:Creek Freedmen
5725:
5720:
5715:
5705:
5703:Alabama Creole
5700:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5643:Central (CIAA)
5639:
5637:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5436:Pan-Africanism
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5378:Black theology
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5319:in STEM fields
5316:
5311:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5274:and technology
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5213:Harriet Tubman
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Michelle Obama
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5073:Barbara Jordan
5070:
5068:Harriet Jacobs
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Amelia Boynton
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4921:Notable people
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4857:LGBT community
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4656:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:Freedom Riders
4569:
4564:
4556:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4498:
4496:Black genocide
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4398:
4397:External links
4395:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4264:
4247:
4202:
4162:
4156:The Tennessean
4142:
4130:
4109:
4054:
4025:
4005:
3959:
3940:
3921:
3893:
3867:
3852:
3841:on 29 May 2020
3826:
3810:
3797:
3775:
3765:j.ctt4cgq6k.17
3755:
3725:
3699:
3690:"Breakdancing"
3671:
3662:"The Bay Area"
3649:
3622:(3): 221–224.
3602:
3583:
3574:
3559:
3507:
3492:
3468:
3454:Julie Malnig,
3440:
3421:
3389:
3366:
3332:(2): 107–110.
3312:
3305:
3285:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2999:New jack swing
2996:
2991:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:Electric Slide
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:Detroit Social
2886:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2733:Main article:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2587:Carole Johnson
2584:
2573:Carole Johnson
2566:
2535:Bella Lewitzky
2524:
2481:on a visit in
2471:
2426:
2423:
2300:
2297:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2220:
2217:
2185:
2182:
2157:
2154:
2140:
2137:
2117:In the 1980s,
2068:Florence Mills
2051:Savoy Ballroom
2049:), ballrooms (
2038:
2035:
1991:Sherman Dudley
1960:
1957:
1907:
1904:
1898:Slaves dancing
1891:
1888:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Black genocide
1670:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1581:US communities
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:South Carolina
1535:
1533:North Carolina
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:South Carolina
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1335:North Carolina
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Samaná English
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1142:LGBT community
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Creek Freedmen
1096:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:Carmel Indians
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Central (CIAA)
944:
943:
939:
938:
937:
936:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
861:
858:
857:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
837:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
817:Pan-Africanism
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
730:
727:
726:
720:
717:
716:
713:
712:
707:
706:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
664:
663:
659:
658:
656:
655:
650:
648:Black theology
644:
641:
640:
636:
635:
633:
632:
626:
623:
622:
616:
611:
610:
607:
606:
601:
600:
598:
597:
592:
585:
580:
579:
578:
568:
563:
562:
561:
550:
547:
546:
542:
541:
539:
538:
533:
528:
523:
517:
514:
513:
512:Economic class
509:
508:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
481:
480:
476:
475:
473:
472:
467:
462:
456:
453:
452:
451:Academic study
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
428:
423:
417:
414:
413:
409:
408:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
354:
351:
350:
344:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
327:
326:
321:
316:
308:
307:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
272:
271:
267:
266:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
233:
232:
222:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
179:
178:
172:
167:
166:
163:
162:
156:
155:
128:
127:
110:September 2021
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8027:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7985:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7954:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7946:
7942:
7941:African dance
7939:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7927:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7833:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7784:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7767:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7728:Kevin Aviance
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7688:
7687:Amazon Leiomy
7685:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7667:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7611:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7586:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7561:Strike a Pose
7558:
7555:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7545:How Do I Look
7542:
7539:
7538:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7509:
7504:
7502:
7497:
7495:
7490:
7489:
7486:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7463:Dancing mania
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7448:Dance science
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7423:Dance in film
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7408:Dance costume
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7343:United States
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7183:Faroe Islands
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7073:
7069:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7026:
7023:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6800:Neo-Burlesque
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:open position
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6695:close embrace
6693:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:Participation
6676:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6625:
6623:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6603:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6520:Hip-hop dance
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6475:
6468:
6463:
6461:
6456:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6402:Neighborhoods
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6365:Sports firsts
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6168:
6167:West Virginia
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:Pennsylvania
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6083:New York City
6081:
6080:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5927:San Francisco
5925:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:By state/city
5898:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5845:American Sign
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5778:Neighborhoods
5776:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5708:Black Indians
5706:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:Black schools
5284:
5282:
5281:Black studies
5279:
5278:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5263:Whitney Young
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5253:Oprah Winfrey
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5223:Denmark Vesey
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:Joseph Rainey
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5123:Toni Morrison
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Joseph Lowery
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5053:Jesse Jackson
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:Kamala Harris
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Marcus Garvey
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Blanche Bruce
4976:
4974:
4973:Edward Brooke
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4963:James Bradley
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4943:James Baldwin
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4887:Neighborhoods
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Silent Parade
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Jim Crow laws
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Black cowboys
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4055:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3985:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3853:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3483:"BLACK DANCE"
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3464:9780252075650
3461:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:</ref|url=
3431:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3286:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3241:African dance
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Hip-hop dance
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Cabbage Patch
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Break-dancing
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Hip-hop music
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Northern Soul
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Buzzards Lope
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:, the blues,
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:Martha Graham
2536:
2532:
2531:Lester Horton
2528:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2516:Strange Fruit
2512:
2511:Lewis Allan's
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2464:New York City
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:improvisation
2358:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2332:and Social –
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:Shuffle Along
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:improvisation
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:United States
1822:
1818:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1744:
1743:Minstrel show
1741:
1739:
1738:Magical Negro
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:West Virginia
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1483:San Francisco
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:New York City
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1114:Nova Scotians
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:Black Indians
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
991:
983:
982:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:HBCU (HBCUAC)
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
945:
940:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
921:
920:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
863:
862:
860:
859:
856:Organizations
854:
846:
845:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
762:
761:
756:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
729:
728:
725:Organizations
723:
715:
714:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
665:
660:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
643:
642:
637:
631:
628:
627:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
608:
596:
593:
590:
586:
584:
581:
577:
574:
573:
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:
557:
556:
555:
552:
551:
549:
548:
543:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
518:
516:
515:
510:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
482:
477:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
454:
449:
443:
440:
438:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
416:
415:
410:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
393:Neighborhoods
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
352:
347:
342:
337:
336:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
304:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:
268:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:
175:
170:
165:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
142:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
27:Type of dance
19:
7952:
7911:Luis Camacho
7814:(co-founder)
7776:Paris Dupree
7759:Dorian Corey
7738:Nita Aviance
7600:
7592:
7580:(2018–2021)
7575:
7567:
7559:
7551:
7543:
7535:
7515:Ball culture
7458:Dance troupe
7403:Dance awards
7347:
7298:Pontic Greek
7005:Dance theory
6995:Choreography
6907:Contemporary
6525:Breakdancing
6473:
6318:Sportspeople
6288:Billionaires
6205:Sierra Leone
6108:Philadelphia
5944:Jacksonville
5771:Demographics
5603:Jack Johnson
5593:Muhammad Ali
5426:Conservatism
5361:Black church
5258:Andrew Young
5243:Ida B. Wells
5233:David Walker
5228:C. T. Vivian
5183:Paul Robeson
5178:Hiram Revels
5158:Colin Powell
5138:Barack Obama
5093:James Lawson
5048:Jimi Hendrix
5018:James Farmer
5013:Medgar Evers
4983:Ralph Bunche
4933:Maya Angelou
4907:Middle class
4804:
4785:Afrofuturism
4711:
4699:
4692:
4613:
4558:
4505:
4471:Afrocentrism
4461:Abolitionism
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4276:
4267:
4259:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4219:
4215:
4205:
4179:. Retrieved
4174:
4165:
4154:
4145:
4121:. Retrieved
4112:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4045:. Retrieved
4040:
4017:
4008:
3983:
3976:. Retrieved
3971:
3962:
3954:Toronto Star
3953:
3943:
3934:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3905:
3896:
3884:. Retrieved
3880:
3870:
3861:
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3829:
3821:
3805:
3800:
3791:
3768:, retrieved
3738:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3712:
3702:
3693:
3665:
3619:
3615:
3605:
3597:Thirteen PBS
3596:
3586:
3577:
3567:
3562:
3525:
3519:
3501:
3495:
3486:
3455:
3424:
3415:
3382:23 September
3380:. Retrieved
3369:
3359:23 September
3357:. Retrieved
3329:
3325:
3315:
3295:
3288:
3278:23 September
3276:. Retrieved
3271:
3267:
3254:
3236:Street dance
3171:Hit the Quan
3121:Harlem shake
3098:
3097:
3081:Music genres
3080:
3079:
3009:
3008:
2977:Music genres
2976:
2975:
2930:
2929:
2898:Music genres
2897:
2896:
2853:
2852:
2823:Music genres
2822:
2821:
2807:The Bus Stop
2739:
2738:
2706:Dance genres
2705:
2704:
2701:19th century
2692:Black Bottom
2674:Patting juba
2644:modern dance
2608:West African
2605:
2562:
2537:, and later
2520:
2514:
2504:
2493:Pearl Primus
2479:Pearl Primus
2467:
2456:Ballet Negre
2455:
2434:
2415:dance suites
2396:
2384:middle class
2377:choreography
2373:compositions
2350:
2327:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2286:
2271:
2202:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2139:The Bay Area
2126:
2123:Ball culture
2116:
2102:created the
2093:
2072:
2053:), the home
2041:Just as the
2040:
2023:John Bubbles
1995:Pat Chapelle
1976:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1909:
1901:
1884:
1877:
1849:modern dance
1837:social dance
1816:
1815:
1641:Sierra Leone
1473:Philadelphia
1443:Jacksonville
1039:Brass Ankles
792:Conservatism
767:Afrocentrism
739:Joint Center
630:Black church
621:Institutions
536:Billionaires
526:Middle class
479:Celebrations
442:Fraternities
357:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
7821:Kia LaBeija
7733:Kim Aviance
7646:Throw shade
7597:(2020–2022)
7288:Philippines
7273:Netherlands
7263:Middle East
6815:Table dance
6780:Go go dance
6760:Competitive
6577:Stick dance
6562:Set de flo'
6338:US senators
6308:Republicans
6293:Journalists
6150:San Antonio
6115:Puerto Rico
6056:Mississippi
5949:Tallahassee
5922:Los Angeles
5613:Jesse Owens
5598:Arthur Ashe
5456:Nationalism
5446:Raised fist
5409:Black power
5314:in medicine
5248:Roy Wilkins
5203:Emmett Till
5188:Al Sharpton
4953:Julian Bond
4948:James Bevel
4912:Upper class
4902:Stereotypes
4795:Black mecca
4707:Plantations
4486:Black Codes
4181:14 November
4074:(1): 5–25.
3978:2 September
3146:New Orleans
3057:Running Man
2994:House music
2871:James Brown
2861:Set de flo'
2762:Texas Tommy
2723:Set de flo'
2713:Tap dancing
2688:Possum Walk
2684:Pigeon Wing
2632:Pentecostal
2577:Rod Rodgers
2569:Eleo Pomare
2563:Revelations
2527:Alvin Ailey
2466:, teaching
2419:artisanship
2405:artists in
2353:tap dancers
2282:Eurocentric
2274:colonialism
2108:White House
2100:Karel Shook
2047:Cotton Club
1952:pleasure".
1933:polyrhythms
1709:Stereotypes
1636:Nova Scotia
1518:Mississippi
1478:San Antonio
1458:Los Angeles
1393:Black mecca
1320:Mississippi
1227:Negro Dutch
1049:Dominickers
993:Multiethnic
902:TransAfrica
812:Nationalism
782:Black power
566:Black pride
531:Upper class
230:Politicians
137:Blues dance
7999:Categories
7355:Uzbekistan
7123:Azerbaijan
7032:Musicality
7000:Connection
6957:Postmodern
6927:Historical
6810:Striptease
6805:Pole dance
6755:Ceremonial
6710:slow dance
6552:Juba dance
6495:Buck dance
6283:Astronauts
6073:New Jersey
5917:California
5421:Capitalism
5218:Nat Turner
5148:Rosa Parks
5133:Diane Nash
5103:John Lewis
4892:Newspapers
4862:Literature
4847:Juneteenth
4800:Businesses
4654:Exodusters
4622:Free Negro
3770:2023-03-31
3247:References
3226:Jazz dance
3178:Stanky Leg
3164:Milly Rock
3093:Trap music
3032:Hammertime
2988:beatboxing
2884:Hand dance
2812:The Stroll
2790:Camel Walk
2757:Charleston
2669:Buck dance
2648:jazz dance
2612:ring shout
2555:spirituals
2429:See also:
2411:set dances
2369:jazz dance
2342:Hand Dance
2306:aesthetics
2257:Breakdance
2229:rent party
2225:Juke joint
2173:Flashdance
2059:vaudeville
2055:rent party
2025:, and the
1997:, and the
1979:Vaudeville
1972:black face
1275:California
1249:Population
822:Patriotism
807:Liberalism
787:Capitalism
758:Ideologies
639:Theologies
498:Juneteenth
470:Literature
398:Newspapers
306:Migrations
237:Juneteenth
141:juke joint
80:newspapers
7761:(founder)
7708:(founder)
7689:(founder)
7594:Legendary
7360:Venezuela
7323:Sri Lanka
7318:Singapore
7278:Nicaragua
7208:Indonesia
7113:Australia
6982:Technique
6880:formation
6795:Lap dance
6587:Tap dance
6567:Slow drag
6557:Lindy Hop
6540:Strutting
6397:Monuments
6273:Activists
6125:Tennessee
6045:Michigan
6029:Baltimore
6019:Louisiana
6012:Lexington
5995:Davenport
5934:Cleveland
5833:Languages
5762:Melungeon
5740:Blaxicans
5608:Joe Louis
5463:Socialism
5399:Anarchism
5128:Bob Moses
5113:Malcolm X
5033:Fred Gray
4897:Soul food
4835:New Negro
4820:Folktales
4730:Redlining
4123:April 14,
4104:191571413
4088:0276-3605
4047:April 14,
3914:3 January
3886:3 January
3881:BlackPast
3845:3 January
3718:March 22,
3644:253559695
3636:2055-5695
3546:0022-4529
3354:193791967
3127:Cat Daddy
3047:Primetime
3042:Crip Walk
2953:The Robot
2876:The Twist
2772:Big Apple
2767:Jitterbug
2752:Lindy hop
2735:Swing era
2616:Methodist
2485:from the
2437:Caribbean
2262:Lindy Hop
2248:Cakewalks
2235:Ballrooms
2209:lindy hop
2015:Tap dance
1869:Hollywood
1733:Hollywood
1723:Blackface
1658:Prejudice
1576:US cities
1453:Lexington
1428:Davenport
1408:Baltimore
1384:US cities
1360:Tennessee
1310:Louisiana
1256:US states
1064:Melungeon
1034:Blaxicans
832:Socialism
797:Garveyism
772:Anarchism
576:Good hair
403:Soul food
373:Folktales
7629:Language
7569:My House
7375:Zimbabwe
7328:Thailand
7253:Malaysia
7238:Kiribati
7148:Cameroon
7143:Cambodia
7133:Bulgaria
7108:Assyrian
7077:national
7072:Regional
7052:Spotting
7047:Sequence
7025:glossary
6972:Two-step
6917:Flamenco
6902:Breaking
6897:Boogaloo
6875:Ballroom
6820:Twerking
6785:Grinding
6770:Ecstatic
6572:Stepping
6535:Boogaloo
6515:Get down
6500:Cakewalk
6420:Category
6211:America
6177:Diaspora
6162:Virginia
6095:Oklahoma
6078:New York
6061:Nebraska
6024:Maryland
6007:Kentucky
5973:Illinois
5912:Arkansas
5817:Illinois
5755:of color
5441:Populism
5414:Movement
5331:Religion
4673:Lynching
4456:Timeline
4240:June 30,
4234:Archived
4191:cite web
3991:cite web
3221:Get down
3188:See also
3142:Twerking
3106:Krumping
3027:Moonwalk
2958:The Worm
2938:Boogaloo
2802:Stepping
2776:One Step
2718:Cakewalk
2624:Holiness
2620:Catholic
2547:New York
2503:'s 1944
2497:Trinidad
2403:graffiti
2391:operatic
2381:European
2213:cakewalk
2110:and the
1941:cakewalk
1873:Broadway
1821:Diaspora
1773:Category
1596:Diaspora
1523:Missouri
1448:Kentucky
1375:Virginia
1345:Oklahoma
1330:New York
1325:Nebraska
1315:Maryland
1290:Illinois
1270:Arkansas
1109:Merikins
1054:Freedmen
1027:Mascogos
827:Populism
718:Politics
613:Religion
583:Stepping
349:Lifeways
185:Timeline
152:a series
150:Part of
7714:(label)
7673:members
7522:Culture
7385:Related
7365:Vietnam
7338:Ukraine
7248:Kurdish
7218:Ireland
7198:Hungary
7188:Georgia
7173:Denmark
7163:Croatia
7128:Belarus
7118:Austria
7103:Armenia
7093:Albania
7057:Turnout
6942:Lyrical
6922:Hip-hop
6765:Concert
6690:Partner
6659:Outline
6545:Popping
6530:Locking
6348:Writers
6313:Singers
6298:Jurists
6246:Europe
6200:Liberia
6145:Houston
6049:Detroit
5985:Indiana
5978:Chicago
5961:Atlanta
5956:Georgia
5939:Florida
5907:Alabama
5857:English
5431:Leftism
5301:Museums
4852:Kwanzaa
4777:Culture
4745:Slavery
4448:History
4392:, 1989.
3788:"Dance"
3554:3787107
3532:: 208.
3346:1478602
3116:Jerkin'
3111:Turfing
3037:Voguing
3022:Hip Hop
3004:Pop rap
2948:Locking
2943:Popping
2845:Rapping
2785:Suzie Q
2628:Baptist
2565:(1960).
2460:Chicago
2357:rhythms
2346:Calypso
2211:to the
2205:hip hop
2162:Hip-Hop
2119:Voguing
1949:waltzes
1945:minuets
1890:History
1631:Liberia
1513:Georgia
1508:Florida
1438:Houston
1433:Detroit
1418:Chicago
1403:Atlanta
1295:Indiana
1285:Georgia
1280:Florida
1265:Alabama
1197:Tutnese
1076:Redbone
802:Leftism
503:Kwanzaa
460:Studies
412:Schools
341:Culture
270:Aspects
215:Slavery
177:Periods
169:History
94:scholar
7669:Houses
7636:Banjee
7605:(2022)
7572:(2018)
7564:(2016)
7556:(2016)
7548:(2006)
7540:(1991)
7333:Turkey
7313:Serbia
7308:Russia
7303:Romani
7293:Poland
7258:Mexico
7223:Israel
7193:Greece
7178:Europe
7153:Canada
7088:Africa
7079:dances
7037:Pointe
7010:Graham
6990:Ballet
6947:Modern
6870:Ballet
6857:Styles
6842:Street
6837:Sacred
6775:Erotic
6747:Social
6735:square
6720:contra
6715:circle
6360:Mayors
6278:Actors
6250:France
6242:Israel
6230:Mexico
6215:Canada
6190:Gambia
6185:Africa
6135:Austin
6100:Oregon
6039:Boston
6002:Kansas
5968:Hawaii
5886:Gullah
5696:Yoruba
5686:Gullah
5557:Sports
5475:groups
5305:Women
4842:Hoodoo
4716:(1896)
4642:Second
4618:(1857)
4563:(1956)
4510:(1954)
4316:
4102:
4094:
4086:
3763:
3753:
3642:
3634:
3552:
3544:
3462:
3352:
3344:
3303:
3150:bounce
3137:Jookin
3132:Dougie
2880:Strand
2866:Monkey
2840:Motown
2559:gospel
2509:, and
2489:. 1952
2483:Israel
2387:ballet
2336:&
1863:, and
1665:Racism
1626:Israel
1616:France
1611:Canada
1606:Africa
1413:Boston
1350:Oregon
1305:Kansas
1215:Gullah
1104:Gullah
924:Sports
671:Hoodoo
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
7971:Vogue
7620:Vogue
7613:Dance
7585:Pilot
7268:Nepal
7243:Korea
7233:Japan
7228:Italy
7203:India
7158:China
7062:Turns
7020:Moves
6962:Swing
6952:Polka
6937:Latin
6892:Belly
6885:waltz
6730:round
6654:Index
6643:Dance
6592:Vogue
6582:Swing
6261:Lists
6225:Haiti
6195:Ghana
6130:Texas
6066:Omaha
5344:Islam
4877:Names
4867:Music
4805:Dance
4100:S2CID
4092:JSTOR
4019:Trove
3761:JSTOR
3640:S2CID
3569:Ebony
3550:JSTOR
3528:(2).
3350:S2CID
3342:JSTOR
3264:(PDF)
3088:Crunk
2967:Strut
2910:Go-go
2905:Disco
2893:1970s
2818:1960s
2796:1950s
2747:Swing
2551:Texas
2513:1945
1778:Index
1621:Ghana
1543:Texas
1468:Omaha
1365:Texas
877:NAACP
388:Names
378:Music
358:Dance
139:at a
101:JSTOR
87:books
7656:Slay
7641:Kiki
7577:Pose
7553:Kiki
7283:Peru
7213:Iran
7168:Cuba
7098:Arab
7042:Pole
6932:Jazz
6865:Acro
6827:Folk
6725:line
6685:Solo
6157:Utah
5990:Iowa
5822:Ohio
5783:list
5691:Igbo
5681:Fula
4825:Hair
4815:Film
4532:1968
4522:1964
4314:ISBN
4242:2017
4220:2008
4197:link
4183:2022
4125:2020
4084:ISSN
4049:2020
3997:link
3980:2022
3916:2012
3888:2020
3847:2021
3751:ISBN
3720:2023
3632:ISSN
3542:ISSN
3460:ISBN
3384:2023
3361:2023
3301:ISBN
3280:2023
2830:Funk
2696:Itch
2652:mime
2646:and
2630:and
2618:and
2593:and
2557:and
2413:and
2389:and
2365:jazz
2276:and
2207:and
2133:drag
2098:and
2031:Juba
1985:and
1947:and
1910:The
1871:and
1835:and
1833:folk
1711:and
1370:Utah
1340:Ohio
1300:Iowa
907:UNCF
368:Film
217:and
73:news
7671:and
7651:Yas
6967:Tap
6847:War
4790:Art
4647:New
4278:BET
4224:doi
4076:doi
3743:doi
3713:NPR
3624:doi
3534:doi
3334:doi
3274:(6)
3160:Dab
2986:(+
2984:Rap
2545:in
2399:DJs
2363:in
2325:).
465:Art
56:by
8001::
7973:"
4661:/
4275:.
4258:,
4232:.
4222:.
4218:.
4214:.
4193:}}
4189:{{
4173:.
4153:.
4133:^
4098:.
4090:.
4082:.
4072:32
4070:.
4066:.
4039:.
4028:^
4016:.
3993:}}
3989:{{
3982:.
3970:.
3952:.
3933:.
3904:.
3879:.
3813:^
3790:.
3778:^
3759:,
3749:,
3737:,
3711:.
3692:.
3674:^
3664:.
3652:^
3638:.
3630:.
3618:.
3614:.
3595:.
3548:.
3540:.
3526:15
3524:.
3510:^
3485:.
3471:^
3443:^
3414:.
3392:^
3348:.
3340:.
3330:28
3328:.
3324:.
3270:.
3266:.
3101::
3083::
3012::
2979::
2933::
2900::
2856::
2825::
2742::
2708::
2626:,
2575:,
2533:,
2421:.
2344:,
2340:,
2021:,
1993:,
1967:)
1867:.
1859:,
1855:,
154:on
7969:"
7587:"
7583:"
7507:e
7500:t
7493:v
7081:)
7075:(
6635:e
6628:t
6621:v
6466:e
6459:t
6452:v
4432:e
4425:t
4418:v
4320:.
4281:.
4262:.
4244:.
4226::
4199:)
4185:.
4159:.
4127:.
4106:.
4078::
4051:.
4022:.
3999:)
3956:.
3937:.
3918:.
3890:.
3849:.
3745::
3722:.
3646:.
3626::
3620:7
3599:.
3556:.
3536::
3466:.
3432:.
3386:.
3363:.
3336::
3309:.
3282:.
3272:4
2990:)
2597:.
2583:.
2523:.
1805:e
1798:t
1791:v
591:"
587:"
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
