392:, the UK Civil Justice Council concludes that legal protection insurance offers many people access to significant legal assistance. To this end, LPI's legal helplines are filling a real gap in the marketplace and in this regard insurers considerably improve access to justice in the current landscape. The report also sees a general lack of awareness among consumers about the existence of a legal protection cover as such as well as about the scope of the coverage. The report underlines that all stakeholders (lawyers, brokers, insurers, the Law Society, and the advice sector) can actively contribute to improving the awareness of legal protection insurance. With this the report confirms prior findings of two previous reports (Thematic Review of the UK's Motor Legal Expenses Insurance industry by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) of 2013, Report of the UK
236:
interests. Therefore, the main scope of third party liability insurance is to protect others from the consequences of the policyholder’s wrong-doing. In other words, the third-party liability insurance reimburses the other party’s damages which were caused by a negligent act of the insured. It does not intervene to protect the property and interests of the policyholder, except against being held liable for the other party’s damages. It will also provide legal representation and pay the cost of defense of the policyholder if the policyholder is sued as a result of being involved in an accident because losing the liability claim would be detrimental for the liability insurer since he would have to bear the financial consequences. The liability insurer, however, does not assist the policyholder to seek justice as a plaintiff in case he suffered a damage.
188:(D.A.S.) increased membership contributions to create a similar pool to pay for the defence of its members charged with traffic related offences. Members of the general public then enquired about joining the scheme. That is when the idea of an insurance available to the general public became firmly established. At present, D.A.S. Germany is still the largest legal protection insurer in the world, followed by ARAG, another German insurer. Legal protection insurance is today well established in Europe and has been developing beyond. The German market alone has 36% market share worldwide, followed by France with 12%. The European market represents more than 80% of the global legal protection insurance market.
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costs of a dispute, this is particularly true in
Ireland (50% of respondents) where fees for lawyers are extremely high. In comparison to the other countries, Dutch citizens are particularly wary of wasting time and energy (33%) while Germans tend to be concerned about being deprived of their rights (27% compared to 18% in Ireland and only 10% and 8% in France and the Netherlands). This is further complicated by the freedom of
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prosecution). The 2007 report of the
Ministry of Justice comes to the result that, although 59% of the UK population have some form of legal protection insurance (whether they knew it or not), fewer than one in four consumers had ever heard of BTE nor of ATE insurance. The Ministry's research estimated that 28 million British adults have actually BTE insurance, mostly as an add-on to another insurance policy.
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claims such as disputes with neighbours or car related disputes in case of a motor legal protection insurance). When legal protection insurance is purchased as a separate and independent insurance product (stand-alone cover) the range of services provided, the extent and scope of the cover are much larger. Sometimes legal protection insurance is offered as a benefit to members of a trade union or association.
40:
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for a specified group of people, such as trade union members) rather than on insurance principles, i.e. they do not include guarantees like insurance but provide cover only until the accumulated funds are used up. Legal plans are offered by trade unions as a free benefit of union membership or they are set up by groups of people having a common interest, like university students.
270:" basis may require their clients, whether defendants or plaintiffs, to take out ATE insurance so that costs will be covered if the case is lost. The premium payments, especially in a no win no fee arrangement, may be deferred until the conclusion of the case; thus in most cases the premium itself is self-insured. This insurance is often offered by solicitors and
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some countries (e.g. Australia, Canada, and the UK), it is also possible to obtain cover after a legal dispute has been initiated which is described as After-the-event insurance (ATE). In the US market, legal protection and support is often granted via legal plans or pre-paid legal services which, most of the time, are not an insurance.
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insurance protects the insured against the risk of having to pay own expenses and adverse costs. This type of cover is usually only available for disputes having high prospects of success where the insurer is likely to be able to recover his costs from the adverse party. It is available in
Australia, Canada, and the UK.
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The
European market for legal insurance is well-developed, with Germany, France and the Netherlands, representing respectively 43%, 14%, and 8% of the market. Legal protection insurance has become more common outside of Europe, including in Canada, Japan, South Africa and USA. It is also emerging in
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and expenses of a lawyer) incurred in case of an unforeseen legal matter. These costs usually include lawyer and court fees, witness expenses, translation costs or expert fees. Depending on national law, legal protection insurers also provide legal services and represent policyholders out-of-court or
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that offer legal plans which usually cover specific events like drafting a contract or a will, while legal protection insurance covers unforeseen events (e.g. employment or consumer disputes). Legal plans rely mainly on bulk savings (for instance mass purchasing of legal services or in-house counsel
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This form of insurance is the most widespread. It covers those wishing to protect themselves against possible future claims and it is purchased before the prospect of any legal dispute. It supports the policyholder either by providing legal advice or even by representing the policyholder in-court or
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whether it reasonable for a receiving party to use block rated policies when cheaper individually rated policies available, whether the use of staged premium policies reasonable or necessary, and whether in protocol cases there a need for an ATE policy before stage three, given the minimal risk
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The
Japanese market had a gross written premium of around 600 million euros in 2016, which makes of Japan the fifth biggest market after Germany, France, USA and the Netherlands. In 2016, legal protection cover added-on to motor insurance represented 90% of the market share; this is due to the fact
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The
Canadian market has been growing rapidly and several companies (some native, some US-based) offer legal protection insurance. In 2016 legal protection insurance gross written premium was around 56 million Canadian dollars; compared to the previous year almost double. In order to promote further
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There are also several unions that offer legal support. For example, tenant associations and landlord associations offer legal advice to tenants and landlords respectively. These associations even help their members to settle the dispute out-of-court. However, associations offer no support when the
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Different forms of legal protection insurance exist and have developed depending on the national jurisdictions. Traditionally, legal protection insurance covers unforeseen events as Before-the-event insurance (BTE). The event in this case being the incident triggering the legal action. However, in
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Four out of ten
Germans would be willing to take legal action if the average damage cost is around 600 €. Legal insurance in Germany covers the lawyer fees and court costs. Some policies even pay for the bail. There are four types of legal insurance in Germany: private, traffic, real estate, and
278:(which came into force on 1 April 2013) introduced an important change regarding the recoverability of the premium: before the Act went into force the policyholder could recover the premium paid from the losing party whilst now the premium has to be paid by the client out of any damages received.
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Legal protection insurance should not be confused with the coverage often included in a liability insurance. Liability coverage is designed to protect the policyholder against losses resulting from acts or omissions that are negligent and that result in damage to another person, their property or
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which facilitates access to law and justice by providing legal advice and covering the legal costs of a dispute, regardless of whether the case is brought by or against the policyholder. Depending on the national rules, legal protection insurers can also represent the policyholder out-of-court or
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published in
October 2007). The FCA saw that many consumers were not able to distinguish between the cover of motor insurance (protection against liability for third-party damages) and motor legal protection insurance (pursuit of claims to recover uninsured losses and protection against criminal
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According to a survey commissioned by RIAD and conducted by Ipsos in August 2017 in
Germany, France, Ireland, and the Netherlands, over a quarter of respondents had had a legal dispute in the previous five years. The replies showed that in all four countries people are mainly concerned about the
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The extent of the cover depends on the type of contract and is defined in the policy terms and conditions. When the policy is sold as part of a home, motor or travel insurance package (i.e. add-on policy) it only covers disputes strictly linked to the purpose of the main cover (e.g. home related
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After-the-event or ATE policies insure legal actions relating to events that have already happened. This insurance covers an already existing dispute where, however, proceedings have not yet started or significant legal costs or disbursements have not been incurred. Should the case fail, ATE
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were offered several additional services among which protection in case of fines or for disputes in front of police courts. This basic legal protection was then extended to traffic accidents and gave rise to the first legal protection insurance policy in France offered by
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In the United
Kingdom, legal protection insurance is primarily marketed directly to the end user without an intermediary. The focus is on preventive dispute resolution via in-house lawyers. 80% of issues are resolved in-house. In its report of November 2017,
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According to a survey commissioned in 2016 by the Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice, lawyers who provided services through legal protection insurers scored highest in regard of the perceived quality of services as well as on the basis of a peer review.
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work. The cost of legal insurance varies based on the type of legal insurance. Customers can even take one or multiple types of legal insurance. The legal insurance policy in Germany cost between 75€ and 478 € per annum as of 2024.
634:
Masip, Gemma; Sabalza, Maite; Pérez-Massot, Eduard; Banakar, Raviraj; Cebrian, David; Twyman, Richard M.; Capell, Teresa; Albajes, Ramon; Christou, Paul (2013). "Paradoxical EU agricultural policies on genetically engineered crops".
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case ends up in court. Legal insurance pays when the case goes into court. Lawyer's fees calculation are based on the Lawyers' Compensation Act (RVG). Per RVG, a lawyer's fee is calculated based on the amount or value in dispute.
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566:"Directive 2009/138/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II) (Text with EEA relevance)"
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Staged premium policies are available with, for example, an initial premium paid at the initiation of the claim, a second premium paid when proceedings are issued and a further premium paid just before
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In South Africa, legal insurance is primarily sold directly to consumers without intermediaries. Legal insurers resolve approximately eighty percent of cases through in-house legal counselors.
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In the European Union, precise rules govern legal protection insurance and explicitly define how insurers must organise their business and manage claims. These rules are included in the
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to regulate differently from the EU in some matters, for example necessitating insurance for individual farms which grow
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618:"Consumer Perception of Legal Issues and Legal Protection Insurance in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Ireland"
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685:"ROLAND Rechtsreport 2023: Weniger Deutsche vor Gericht | AssCompact – News für Assekuranz und Finanzwirtschaft"
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232:(Articles 198 - 205). Non-life insurance classes are listed in Annex II of the Solvency II Directive.
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Legal protection insurance has a 100-year history. The concept originated in 1911 when members of the '
765:"Canadian Bar Association - DAS Canada sponsors Canadian Bar Association Access to Justice Initiative"
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181:’ offered legal services and coverage of expenses for legal prosecution to car drivers and athletes.
580:"Non-life insurance classes are listed in Annex II of Directive 2009/138/EC (Solvency II Directive)"
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Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents from 31 July 2013
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partnered with DAS Canada, a Canadian licensed specialist legal protection insurance company. In
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in-court. The policyholder is usually protected for disputes in several areas of law such as
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In May 2012, District Judge Smedley, sitting as a Regional Costs Judge, considered eight
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Pre-paid legal services are relatively new in the United States. There are a variety of
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The Law and Practicalities of Before-The-Event (BTE) Insurance – An Information Study
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789:"L'assurance juridique - Une protection contre les aléas de la vie courante"
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In the UK, solicitors who take on, for example, personal injury cases on a "
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537:"RIAD - International Association of Legal Expenses Insurance: Statistics"
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out-of-court. It also covers the costs and expenses of legal proceedings.
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The Liverpool ATE Premium Test Cases, Liverpool County Court, 25 May 2012
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that stand-alone insurance has only been introduced in the last decade.
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339:, legal protection insurance is both endorsed and promoted by Québec's
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850:"Motor Legal Expenses Insurance (MLEI) Report on the thematic project"
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Rogers v Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council (2006) EWCA Civ 701
716:"Legal Insurance in Germany [Ultimate 2024 English Guide]"
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833:"The Law and Practicalities of Before-The-Event (BTE) Insurance"
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897:, paragraph 4, delivered 23 May 2006, accessed 15 October 2022
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27:"Pre-paid legal service" redirects here. For the company, see
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594:"Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012"
808:"Lagere drempels voor rechtzoekenden (WODC Cahier 2016-14)"
276:
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
741:"Legal Costs In Germany - Lawyer And Court Fee In 2024"
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Australia, Chile, China, New Zealand and South Korea.
221:). The premium is generally paid on an annual basis.
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England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division),
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491:"Legal expenses insurance: origins and development"
309:and intend to sell them to other EU member states.
64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
879:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
196:Legal protection insurers cover the costs (e.g.
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184:In 1928, a motoring club in Germany called the
405:, so long as each of these stages is reached.
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523:Histoire de la défense automobile et sportive
240:Different forms of legal protection insurance
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869:. Archived from the original on 2011-02-04.
249:Before-the-event legal protection insurance
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258:After-the-event legal protection insurance
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
806:Veiligheid, Ministerie van Justitie en.
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179:La Défense Automobile et Sportive (DAS)
175:La Défense Automobile et Sportive (DAS)
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62:adding citations to reliable sources
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867:"Legal expenses insurance report"
1107:Directors and officers liability
331:access to justice, in 2013, the
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49:needs additional citations for
177:’ which was founded in 1917. ‘
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655:10.1016/j.tplants.2013.03.004
1874:Savings and loan association
307:genetically engineered crops
1307:Insurance-linked securities
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272:claims management companies
170:Automobile Club de l’Ouest'
155:, is a particular class of
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996:Total permanent disability
739:GermanPedia (2024-02-28).
714:GermanPedia (2024-01-27).
296:European Union and members
137:Legal protection insurance
73:"Legal expenses insurance"
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1736:Health insurance coverage
1001:Business overhead expense
463:, otherwise known as the
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18:After the event insurance
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333:Canadian Bar Association
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1594:Explanation of benefits
1066:Variable universal life
638:Trends in Plant Science
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1587:Out-of-pocket expense
1448:Workers' compensation
1102:Collateral protection
1092:Business interruption
909:Browne Jacobson LLP,
428:online legal services
230:Solvency II Directive
1810:Corpus Juris Civilis
812:www.rijksoverheid.nl
793:Le Barreau du Québec
350:Le Barreau du Québec
274:. Section 46 of the
58:improve this article
1869:Rochdale Principles
1864:Mutual savings bank
1859:Mutual organization
1844:Cooperative banking
1761:Mesopotamian banker
1041:Longevity insurance
459:This refers to the
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689:www.asscompact.de
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1554:Short rate table
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547:on 2017-12-29
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75: –
74:
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69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
19:
1910:
1903:
1849:Credit union
1815:
1808:
1789:
1661:Underwriting
1616:Insurability
1598:
1577:Co-insurance
1547:
1543:Cancellation
1392:
1334:Catastrophic
1319:Climate risk
1147:Trade credit
889:
861:
844:
827:
816:. Retrieved
811:
801:
792:
783:
772:. Retrieved
768:
759:
748:. Retrieved
744:
734:
723:. Retrieved
719:
693:. Retrieved
688:
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629:
612:
601:. Retrieved
597:
588:
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549:. Retrieved
545:the original
540:
531:
522:
516:
505:. Retrieved
498:the original
485:
466:RTA Protocol
464:
460:
455:
425:
415:
407:
399:
389:
386:
378:
375:South Africa
369:
360:
348:
329:
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151:) or simply
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136:
135:
120:
114:October 2019
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
1939:Legal costs
1884:Trade union
1839:Cooperative
1512:Uncertainty
1371:Index-based
1339:Multi-peril
1297:Reinsurance
1256:Public auto
1161:Residential
745:GermanPedia
720:GermanPedia
691:(in German)
649:: 312–324.
366:Netherlands
341:law society
29:LegalShield
1928:Categories
1679:by country
1677:Insurance
1651:Total loss
1572:Deductible
1533:Cash value
1477:Act of God
1462:Insurance
1376:Parametric
1356:Expatriate
1232:Transport/
1198:Landlords'
1183:Earthquake
1071:Whole life
991:Disability
818:2017-12-05
814:(in Dutch)
774:2016-04-12
750:2024-07-14
725:2024-07-14
695:2024-07-14
647:Cell Press
603:2017-12-05
551:2017-12-05
507:2017-12-05
477:References
410:test cases
215:family law
198:legal fees
84:newspapers
1825:Syndicate
1791:Collegium
1686:Australia
1641:Risk pool
1611:Indemnity
1582:Copayment
1516:Knightian
1428:Terrorism
1398:Liability
1266:Satellite
1127:Pollution
1051:Term life
960:insurance
958:Types of
951:Insurance
663:1360-1385
157:insurance
1905:Category
1783:§275–277
1701:Pakistan
1549:Pro rata
1438:War risk
1403:No-fault
1314:Casualty
1271:Shipping
1241:Aviation
1218:Renters'
1213:Property
1208:Mortgage
1178:Contents
1152:Umbrella
1112:Fidelity
1080:Business
976:Accident
875:cite web
671:23623240
435:See also
287:Overview
211:consumer
203:contract
1830:Benefit
1817:Digesta
1753:History
1487:Actuary
1443:Weather
1433:Tuition
1423:Takaful
1351:Deposit
1281:Vehicle
313:Germany
219:divorce
164:History
98:scholar
1706:Serbia
1666:Profit
1538:Broker
1464:policy
1276:Travel
1261:Marine
1168:Boiler
1142:Surety
986:Dental
968:Health
769:CBA-NA
669:
661:
337:Québec
326:Canada
207:labour
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
1802:Guild
1696:India
1691:China
1560:Claim
1366:Group
1346:Cyber
1324:Crime
1290:Other
1223:Title
1188:Flood
853:(PDF)
836:(PDF)
645:(6).
621:(PDF)
501:(PDF)
494:(PDF)
447:Notes
403:trial
357:Japan
105:JSTOR
91:books
1775:§234
1497:Risk
1467:and
1329:Crop
1193:Home
1087:Bond
1033:Life
881:link
667:PMID
659:ISSN
213:and
77:news
1469:law
1408:Pet
651:doi
347:),
149:LEI
141:LPI
60:by
1930::
1781:;
1777:;
1773:;
902:^
877:}}
873:{{
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791:.
767:.
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704:^
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643:18
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1832:/
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343:(
173:‘
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139:(
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121:(
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112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
20:)
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