252:(SENS) is an emerging research strategy that aims to repair "root causes" for age-related illness and degeneration, as well as develop medical procedures to periodically repair all such damage in the human body, thereby maintaining a youth-like state indefinitely. The SENS programme has identified seven types of aging-related damage, and feasible solutions have been outlined for each. Some critics argue that the SENS agenda is optimistic at best, and that the aging process is too complex and little-understood for SENS to be scientific or implementable in the foreseeable future. It has been proposed that age-related diseases are mediated by vicious cycles.
31:
292:(AMD) is a disease that affects the eyes and can lead to vision loss through break down of the central part of the retina called the macula. Degeneration can occur in one eye or both and can be classified as either wet (neovascular) or dry (atrophic). Wet AMD commonly is caused by blood vessels near the retina that lead to swelling of the macula. The cause of dry AMD is less clear, but it is thought to be partly caused by breakdown of light-sensitive cells and tissue surrounding the macula. A major risk factor for AMD is age over the age of 60.
332:, decreased stream of urine, hesitancy urinating, and incomplete emptying of the bladder. By age 40, 10% of men will have signs of BPH and by age 60, this percentage increases by 5 fold. Men over the age of 80 have over a 90% chance of developing BPH and almost 80% of men will develop BPH in their lifetime.
315:
is categorized as an aging disease and is brought about by vascular remodeling, the accumulation of plaque, and the loss of arterial elasticity. Over time, these processes can stiffen the vasculature. For these reasons, older age is listed as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Specifically, the
1445:
A certain irreducible background incidence of cancer is to be expected regardless of circumstances: mutations can never be absolutely avoided, because they are an inescapable consequence of fundamental limitations on the accuracy of DNA replication, as discussed in
Chapter 5. If a human could live
417:
from 30 years of age, and the cause varies by age. Advanced age is one of the most significant stroke risk factors. 95% of strokes occur in people age 45 and older, and two-thirds of strokes occur in those over the age of 65. A person's risk of dying if he or she does have a stroke also increases
303:
is classified as a "protein misfolding" disease. Aging causes mutations in protein folding, and as a result causes deposits of abnormal modified proteins to accumulate in specific areas of the brain. In
Alzheimer's, deposits of Beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau protein form extracellular
267:. DNA damage can initiate the development of cancer or other aging related diseases depending on several factors. These include the type, amount, and location of the DNA damage in the body, the type of cell experiencing the damage and its stage in the
327:
is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland due to increased growth. An enlarged prostate can result in incomplete or complete blockage of the bladder and interferes with a man's ability to urinate properly. Symptoms include
1931:
Trajanoska K, Schoufour JD, de Jonge EA, Kieboom BC, Mulder M, Stricker BH, et al. (September 2018). "Fracture incidence and secular trends between 1989 and 2013 in a population based cohort: The
Rotterdam Study".
1233:
2337:
2357:
413:
was the second most frequent cause of death worldwide in 2011, accounting for 6.2 million deaths (~11% of the total). Stroke could occur at any age, including in childhood, the risk of stroke
2362:
139:
Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirdsβ100,000 per dayβdie of age-related causes. In industrialized nations, the proportion is higher, reaching 90%.
2424:
2399:
167:, but not of cardiovascular disease. In humans, the relative incidence of cancer increases exponentially with age for most cancers, but levels off or may even decline by age 60β75(although
1829:
2464:
2429:
2289:
1312:
2469:
2299:
2294:
364:. Aging's effect on cancer is complicated by factors such as DNA damage and inflammation promoting it and factors such as vascular aging and endocrine changes inhibiting it.
2474:
2434:
2517:
2507:
2394:
304:
plaques and extracellular tangles. These deposits are shown to be neurotoxic and cause cognitive impairment due to their initiation of destructive biochemical pathways.
2414:
1225:
2409:
2250:
692:
249:
2449:
1623:
1262:
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2316:
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2439:
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2502:
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2459:
2379:
2367:
2306:
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2419:
2185:
700:
35:
2497:
2389:
2384:
2321:
1446:
long enough, it is inevitable that at least one of his or her cells would eventually accumulate a set of mutations sufficient for cancer to develop.
1864:
1434:
234:
also increase mortality in other organ systems and that understanding the incidence of age-associated disease will advance knowledge of the
2552:
2279:
402:
also increases with age, and to a lesser degree, duration of the disease. Exercise in middle age may reduce the risk of PD later in life.
1837:
1662:
2054:
398:, anxiety. Parkinson's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60, of whom about one percent are affected. The prevalence of
352:, "If we lived long enough, sooner or later we all would get cancer." Some of the association between aging and cancer is attributed to
2707:
2625:
2547:
1656:
1320:
1372:
74:) but not all adult animals experience all age-associated diseases. The term does not refer to age-specific diseases, such as the
2686:
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256:
1552:
1039:
473:). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases with age reaching close to 50% of people over 60 years old in the USA. as
892:
399:
391:
1772:
2630:
706:
569:
1440:
2557:
1615:
324:
1254:
487:
243:
218:
determines vulnerability or resistance between species and individuals within species. Some age-related changes (like
1154:"Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence"
2138:
426:
Studies in animal models show that clearance of senescent cells improves multiple age related endocrine disorders.
75:
30:
2207:
2180:
1458:
Anisimov VN, Sikora E, Pawelec G (August 2009). "Relationships between cancer and aging: a multilevel approach".
1291:
482:
395:
179:
86:
121:
774:
2047:
1787:
519:
63:
2681:
2599:
2582:
2577:
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454:
383:
372:
300:
129:
101:
2650:
2104:
71:
1345:
2150:
2099:
648:
289:
183:
1788:"Epidemiology of stroke in Innherred, Norway, 1994 to 1996. Incidence and 30-day case-fatality rate"
2717:
2712:
2671:
2589:
2215:
2192:
2162:
589:
1313:"Medical Student Curriculum: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) β American Urological Association"
1060:
Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Morsiani C, Conte M, Santoro A, Grignolio A, et al. (2018-03-12).
2220:
2040:
1957:
1913:
1701:
1526:
1483:
1367:
934:
732:"The not-so-close relationship between biological aging and age-associated pathologies in humans"
602:
544:
441:
defined as a bone density less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations lower than young adults.
414:
349:
329:
316:
risk of atherosclerosis increases for men above 45 years of age and women above 55 years of age.
133:
791:
Warner H, Anderson J, Austad S, Bergamini E, Bredesen D, Butler R, et al. (November 2005).
344:
to strike at any age, most patients with invasive cancer are over 65, and the most significant
2245:
2157:
2006:
1949:
1905:
1870:
1860:
1833:
1807:
1750:
1693:
1652:
1646:
1597:
1518:
1475:
1430:
1403:
1175:
1134:
1093:
1013:
972:
926:
871:
822:
753:
674:
536:
458:
379:
376:
239:
187:
2640:
2620:
2537:
2133:
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1988:
1941:
1897:
1799:
1740:
1732:
1685:
1587:
1510:
1467:
1395:
1165:
1124:
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1073:
1003:
964:
918:
861:
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812:
804:
743:
664:
656:
594:
528:
361:
353:
227:
219:
90:
2264:
2145:
2084:
1362:
1193:
896:
778:
450:
312:
168:
97:
1062:"The Continuum of Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates"
652:
2676:
2235:
2202:
2172:
2116:
2001:
1976:
1888:
Stokar J (May 2023). "Targeting senescent cells in ageing-related endocrine diseases".
1745:
1720:
1088:
1061:
866:
841:
817:
793:"Science fact and the SENS agenda. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research?"
792:
669:
636:
565:
223:
199:
195:
2701:
2635:
2594:
2542:
2027:
1917:
1853:
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1031:
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462:
191:
151:
have had cancer, whereas by age 85 about 30% of humans have had cancer. Humans,
1961:
1705:
1487:
938:
889:
548:
2240:
2230:
2225:
1676:
Garcia-Ptacek S, Kramberger MG (September 2016). "Parkinson
Disease and Dementia".
1530:
1386:
Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E, Larbi A (August 2010). "Immunosenescence and cancer".
470:
466:
438:
434:
387:
125:
117:
17:
1768:
1170:
1153:
1736:
1129:
1112:
2569:
2128:
2111:
1977:"Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016"
1284:"Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Guideline β American Urological Association"
492:
345:
78:
1945:
1901:
1422:
1008:
991:
748:
736:
The
Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
731:
660:
610:
437:
declines with age. By the age of 85 years, ~70% of women and 30% of men have a
214:
Aging (senescence) increases vulnerability to age-associated diseases, whereas
2089:
1803:
1471:
922:
637:"The number of key carcinogenic events can be predicted from cancer incidence"
532:
497:
272:
268:
164:
59:
1689:
1113:"Amyloid-Ξ² and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis"
857:
808:
2666:
2645:
2063:
1874:
1721:"Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease?"
1078:
113:
109:
2010:
1992:
1953:
1909:
1754:
1697:
1601:
1522:
1479:
1407:
1179:
1138:
1097:
1017:
976:
930:
875:
826:
757:
678:
598:
540:
1811:
992:"Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration"
968:
449:
The metabolic syndrome is the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for
570:"Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations"
215:
186:
experience osteoporosis, cataracts, and, cardiovascular disease, but not
1344:
Coleman WB, Rubinas TC (2009). "4". In
Tsongalis GJ, Coleman WL (eds.).
2079:
1255:"What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)? β Urology Care Foundation"
1032:"Facts About Age-Related Macular Degeneration | National Eye Institute"
842:"Like it or not, life-extension research extends beyond biogerontology"
235:
82:
55:
1592:
1575:
2071:
1501:
de MagalhΓ£es JP (May 2013). "How ageing processes influence cancer".
1194:"Atherosclerosis | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)"
909:
Belikov AV (January 2019). "Age-related diseases as vicious cycles".
517:
Belikov AV (January 2019). "Age-related diseases as vicious cycles".
410:
341:
264:
260:
203:
172:
160:
156:
105:
67:
1514:
2615:
771:
58:
that is most often seen with increasing frequency with increasing
29:
1230:
National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
955:
Hoeijmakers JH (October 2009). "DNA damage, aging, and cancer".
231:
194:
have type 2 diabetes and
Alzheimer's disease, but not high
2036:
1830:
National
Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
1786:
Ellekjaer H, Holmen J, Indredavik B, Terent A (November 1997).
357:
152:
148:
1226:"Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) | NIDDK"
890:
The biogerontology research community's evolving view of SENS
348:
for developing cancer is age. According to cancer researcher
2032:
560:
558:
772:
The SENS Platform: An
Engineering Approach to Curing Aging
1347:
Molecular Pathology: The Molecular Basis of Human Disease
182:
are vulnerable to different sets of diseases. Those with
781:". Methuselah Foundation. Retrieved on June 28, 2008.
899:". Methuselah Foundation. Retrieved on July 1, 2008.
230:
believe that the same underlying changes that cause
2659:
2608:
2568:
2530:
2485:
2330:
2272:
2261:
2171:
2070:
1421:Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. (2002).
163:do not. Elderly rodents typically die of cancer or
132:. The incidence of all of these diseases increases
1852:
950:
948:
85:, only diseases of the elderly. They are also not
1350:. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 66.
390:. The disease has many complications, including
360:over a lifetime and age-related changes in the
250:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
1576:"The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease"
70:process itself because all adult animals age (
2048:
1678:Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
222:) are said to be unrelated to an increase in
8:
275:processes available to react to the damage.
1851:Senelick RC, Rossi PW, Dougherty K (1994).
1429:(4th ed.). New York: Garland Science.
1363:"Unearthing Prehistoric Tumors, and Debate"
705:. National Cancer Institute. Archived from
2269:
2055:
2041:
2033:
1339:
1337:
693:"SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975β2003"
96:Examples of aging-associated diseases are
2000:
1744:
1591:
1169:
1128:
1087:
1077:
1007:
865:
816:
747:
701:Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results
668:
588:
1855:Living with Stroke: A Guide for Families
1818:from the original on February 28, 2008.
1388:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
509:
263:and numerous other diseases related to
1665:from the original on 8 September 2017.
1651:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 188.
1616:"Parkinson's Disease Information Page"
577:Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology
66:of senescence, distinguished from the
1443:from the original on 2 January 2016.
1220:
1218:
7:
1574:Sveinbjornsdottir S (October 2016).
255:On the basis of extensive research,
1626:from the original on 4 January 2017
1555:from the original on 12 August 2020
957:The New England Journal of Medicine
238:of senescence just as knowledge of
202:, those affected most often die of
190:or Alzheimer's disease; those with
1423:"The Preventable Causes of Cancer"
1375:from the original on 24 June 2017.
325:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
25:
1836:. National Institutes of Health.
2198:Biodemography of human longevity
1840:from the original on 2015-10-04.
1775:from the original on 2013-12-02.
1400:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.06.012
1152:Wang JC, Bennett M (July 2012).
198:, osteoporosis or cataracts. In
1975:Hirode G, Wong RJ (June 2020).
1859:. Contemporary Books, Chicago.
1834:"Stroke: Hope Through Research"
1265:from the original on 2019-08-06
1236:from the original on 2017-10-04
1204:from the original on 2017-10-05
1042:from the original on 2015-12-22
259:has emerged a major culprit in
175:cancer continues to increase).
1361:Johnson G (28 December 2010).
375:, or simply Parkinson's, is a
1:
1890:Nature Reviews. Endocrinology
1427:Molecular biology of the cell
1171:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.261388
635:Belikov AV (September 2017).
159:get Alzheimer's disease, but
1769:"The top 10 causes of death"
1737:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318225ab66
1130:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.5847
840:de Grey AD (November 2005).
400:Parkinson's disease dementia
340:Although it is possible for
320:Benign prostatic hyperplasia
147:By age 3, about 30% of
1545:"Understanding Parkinson's"
488:Alliance for Aging Research
2734:
2139:research into centenarians
1946:10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.004
1902:10.1038/s41574-023-00848-x
1009:10.1001/archopht.122.4.598
661:10.1038/s41598-017-12448-7
178:People with the so-called
87:accelerated aging diseases
38:incidence rates, 2003β2007
2708:Aging-associated diseases
2208:Longevity escape velocity
2095:aging-associated diseases
1804:10.1161/01.STR.28.11.2180
1580:Journal of Neurochemistry
1472:10.1007/s10522-008-9209-8
996:Archives of Ophthalmology
923:10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.002
533:10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.002
483:Accelerated aging disease
2687:Longest-living organisms
1719:Ahlskog JE (July 2011).
1690:10.1177/0891988716654985
990:Zarbin MA (April 2004).
858:10.1038/sj.embor.7400565
809:10.1038/sj.embor.7400555
749:10.1093/gerona/59.6.B547
730:Hayflick L (June 2004).
386:that mainly affects the
356:, errors accumulated in
44:aging-associated disease
1648:International Neurology
1111:Bloom GS (April 2014).
1079:10.3389/fmed.2018.00061
911:Ageing Research Reviews
520:Ageing Research Reviews
415:increases exponentially
143:Patterns of differences
62:. They are essentially
2682:Transhumanist politics
2600:Immortality in fiction
2578:Biological immortality
2122:cognitive epidemiology
1993:10.1001/jama.2020.4501
1549:Parkinson's Foundation
1503:Nature Reviews. Cancer
599:10.2202/1941-6008.1011
455:cardiovascular disease
384:central nervous system
242:advanced knowledge of
102:cardiovascular disease
39:
2486:regions by continents
2105:negligible senescence
2100:degenerative diseases
1259:www.urologyhealth.org
1066:Frontiers in Medicine
969:10.1056/NEJMra0804615
380:degenerative disorder
33:
2331:regions of countries
2151:LGBT life expectancy
1586:(Suppl 1): 318β324.
1158:Circulation Research
290:macular degeneration
284:Macular degeneration
122:type 2 diabetes
72:with rare exceptions
2672:Longevity insurance
2590:Digital immortality
2216:calorie restriction
2203:Indefinite lifespan
2193:Anti-aging movement
2163:Biomarkers of aging
1645:Carroll WM (2016).
653:2017NatSR...712170B
616:on October 13, 2016
373:Parkinson's disease
301:Alzheimer's disease
271:, and the specific
180:segmental progerias
130:Alzheimer's disease
89:, all of which are
48:age-related disease
18:Age-related illness
2322:World macroregions
2221:Diet and longevity
2028:Segmental Progeria
1368:The New York Times
895:2008-10-20 at the
888:de Grey, Aubrey. "
777:2008-08-31 at the
641:Scientific Reports
445:Metabolic syndrome
422:Endocrine diseases
350:Robert A. Weinberg
330:overactive bladder
240:childhood diseases
76:childhood diseases
40:
2695:
2694:
2526:
2525:
2246:stem-cell therapy
2158:Maximum life span
1987:(24): 2526β2528.
1866:978-0-8092-2607-8
1798:(11): 2180β2184.
1593:10.1111/jnc.13691
1436:978-0-8153-4072-0
1198:www.nhlbi.nih.gov
963:(15): 1475β1485.
803:(11): 1006β1008.
459:abdominal obesity
244:human development
228:biogerontologists
188:neurodegeneration
184:Werner's syndrome
91:genetic disorders
46:(commonly termed
16:(Redirected from
2725:
2538:Longevity claims
2270:
2134:supercentenarian
2057:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1858:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1783:
1777:
1776:
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1759:
1758:
1748:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1622:. 30 June 2016.
1612:
1606:
1605:
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1565:
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1541:
1535:
1534:
1498:
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1455:
1449:
1448:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1319:. Archived from
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1290:. Archived from
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1222:
1213:
1212:
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1190:
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1183:
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1132:
1108:
1102:
1101:
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1081:
1057:
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981:
980:
952:
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886:
880:
879:
869:
837:
831:
830:
820:
788:
782:
768:
762:
761:
751:
742:(6): B547βB550.
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
711:
697:
689:
683:
682:
672:
632:
626:
625:
623:
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615:
609:. Archived from
592:
583:(1, Article 5).
574:
562:
553:
552:
514:
362:endocrine system
354:immunosenescence
21:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2655:
2609:Longevity genes
2604:
2564:
2522:
2481:
2326:
2265:life expectancy
2263:
2257:
2167:
2146:Life expectancy
2085:Longevity myths
2066:
2061:
2024:
2019:
2018:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1887:
1886:
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1828:
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1613:
1609:
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1515:10.1038/nrc3497
1500:
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989:
988:
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954:
953:
946:
908:
907:
903:
897:Wayback Machine
887:
883:
839:
838:
834:
790:
789:
785:
779:Wayback Machine
769:
765:
729:
728:
724:
715:
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709:
695:
691:
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686:
634:
633:
629:
619:
617:
613:
572:
564:
563:
556:
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479:
451:type 2 diabetes
447:
432:
424:
408:
370:
367:
338:
322:
313:Atherosclerosis
310:
308:Atherosclerosis
298:
295:
286:
281:
212:
145:
98:atherosclerosis
28:
27:Type of disease
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Longevity risk
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
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2500:
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2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:organ printing
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2175:
2173:Life extension
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2117:biogerontology
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2022:External links
2020:
2017:
2016:
1967:
1923:
1880:
1865:
1843:
1821:
1778:
1760:
1731:(3): 288β294.
1711:
1684:(5): 261β270.
1668:
1658:978-1118777367
1657:
1637:
1607:
1566:
1536:
1509:(5): 357β365.
1493:
1466:(4): 323β338.
1460:Biogerontology
1450:
1435:
1413:
1394:(2): 165β172.
1378:
1353:
1333:
1317:www.auanet.org
1304:
1288:www.auanet.org
1275:
1246:
1214:
1185:
1164:(2): 245β259.
1144:
1123:(4): 505β508.
1117:JAMA Neurology
1103:
1052:
1023:
1002:(4): 598β614.
982:
944:
901:
881:
832:
783:
763:
722:
684:
627:
590:10.1.1.395.745
554:
508:
507:
505:
502:
501:
500:
495:
490:
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478:
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446:
443:
431:
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321:
318:
309:
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294:
285:
282:
280:
277:
211:
208:
200:Bloom syndrome
196:blood pressure
165:kidney disease
144:
141:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2627:
2624:
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2619:
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2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2595:Eternal youth
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2543:Oldest people
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2518:South America
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:North America
2506:
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2298:
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2295:North America
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2222:
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2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:Topic outline
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1857:
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1847:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
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1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
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1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1756:
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1747:
1742:
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1734:
1730:
1726:
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1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
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1679:
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1669:
1664:
1660:
1654:
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1641:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1594:
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1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1567:
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1546:
1540:
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1528:
1524:
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1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1323:on 2019-05-15
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1294:on 2021-04-20
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
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1177:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
949:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
905:
902:
898:
894:
891:
885:
882:
877:
873:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
836:
833:
828:
824:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
784:
780:
776:
773:
767:
764:
759:
755:
750:
745:
741:
737:
733:
726:
723:
712:on 2006-09-25
708:
704:
702:
694:
688:
685:
680:
676:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
628:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
586:
582:
578:
571:
567:
561:
559:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
521:
513:
510:
503:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
463:hyperglycemia
460:
456:
452:
444:
442:
440:
436:
429:
427:
421:
419:
416:
412:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
374:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
335:
333:
331:
326:
319:
317:
314:
307:
305:
302:
293:
291:
283:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:Down syndrome
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
137:
135:
134:exponentially
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:complications
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
34:Age-specific
32:
19:
2583:Regeneration
2435:South Africa
2241:rejuvenation
2231:nanomedicine
2226:gene therapy
2094:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1854:
1846:
1824:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1763:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1647:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1619:
1610:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1548:
1539:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1444:
1426:
1416:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:the original
1316:
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1287:
1278:
1267:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1238:. Retrieved
1229:
1206:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1044:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
999:
995:
985:
960:
956:
914:
910:
904:
884:
852:(11): 1000.
849:
846:EMBO Reports
845:
835:
800:
797:EMBO Reports
796:
786:
766:
739:
735:
725:
714:. Retrieved
707:the original
699:
687:
647:(1): 12170.
644:
640:
630:
618:. Retrieved
611:the original
580:
576:
524:
518:
512:
471:hypertension
467:dyslipidemia
448:
439:osteoporosis
435:Bone density
433:
430:Osteoporosis
425:
409:
388:motor system
371:
339:
323:
311:
299:
288:Age-related
287:
254:
248:
232:graying hair
220:graying hair
213:
177:
146:
138:
126:hypertension
118:osteoporosis
95:
51:
47:
43:
41:
2570:Immortality
2129:Centenarian
2112:Gerontology
1940:: 116β124.
1036:nei.nih.gov
493:Gerontology
368:Parkinson's
346:risk factor
296:Alzheimer's
226:. But some
79:chicken pox
2718:Senescence
2713:Geriatrics
2702:Categories
2553:by country
2450:Tajikistan
2415:Kazakhstan
2273:by country
2090:Senescence
1896:(7): 382.
1327:2019-08-06
1298:2019-08-06
1269:2019-08-06
1240:2019-08-06
1208:2019-08-05
1046:2019-08-06
716:2006-11-20
504:References
498:Senescence
418:with age.
396:depression
273:DNA repair
269:cell cycle
257:DNA damage
136:with age.
60:senescence
2667:Blue zone
2425:Palestine
2343:Australia
2338:Argentina
2064:Longevity
1918:258663551
1725:Neurology
1559:12 August
917:: 11β26.
620:August 7,
607:201101995
585:CiteSeerX
566:de Grey A
527:: 11β26.
377:long-term
224:mortality
114:cataracts
110:arthritis
2548:verified
2470:shortest
2290:Americas
2262:Lists of
2212:Methods
2011:32573660
1962:47016339
1954:29885926
1910:37173439
1875:40856888
1838:Archived
1832:(1999).
1816:Archived
1773:Archived
1755:21768599
1706:21279235
1698:27502301
1663:Archived
1624:Archived
1602:27401947
1553:Archived
1523:23612461
1488:17412298
1480:19156531
1441:Archived
1408:20656212
1373:Archived
1263:Archived
1234:Archived
1202:Archived
1180:22773427
1139:24493463
1098:29662881
1040:Archived
1018:15078679
977:19812404
939:53567141
931:30458244
893:Archived
876:16264420
827:16264422
775:Archived
758:15215261
679:28939880
568:(2007).
549:53567141
541:30458244
477:See also
392:Dementia
216:genetics
210:Research
2660:Related
2531:Records
2513:Oceania
2475:longest
2385:Germany
2380:Finland
2348:Belgium
2317:Oceania
2080:Old age
2002:7312413
1812:9368561
1771:. WHO.
1746:3136051
1630:18 July
1531:5726826
1089:5890129
867:1371043
818:1371037
670:5610194
649:Bibcode
382:of the
236:biology
161:rodents
157:rabbits
83:measles
56:disease
54:) is a
2641:Klotho
2558:living
2503:Europe
2493:Africa
2455:Turkey
2445:Sweden
2430:Russia
2420:Mexico
2400:Israel
2390:Greece
2375:France
2368:Cities
2358:Canada
2353:Brazil
2312:Europe
2285:Africa
2072:Ageing
2009:
1999:
1960:
1952:
1916:
1908:
1873:
1863:
1810:
1792:Stroke
1753:
1743:
1704:
1696:
1655:
1600:
1529:
1521:
1486:
1478:
1433:
1406:
1178:
1137:
1096:
1086:
1072:: 61.
1016:
975:
937:
929:
874:
864:
825:
815:
756:
703:(SEER)
677:
667:
605:
587:
547:
539:
469:, and
411:Stroke
406:Stroke
342:cancer
336:Cancer
265:ageing
261:cancer
204:cancer
173:rectal
106:cancer
2646:SIRT1
2616:FOXO3
2440:Spain
2410:Japan
2405:Italy
2395:India
2363:China
2280:World
2186:index
1958:S2CID
1914:S2CID
1702:S2CID
1620:NINDS
1527:S2CID
1484:S2CID
935:S2CID
710:(PDF)
696:(PDF)
614:(PDF)
603:S2CID
573:(PDF)
545:S2CID
279:Types
169:colon
68:aging
2626:CETP
2621:APOE
2498:Asia
2307:Asia
2251:SENS
2007:PMID
1981:JAMA
1950:PMID
1934:Bone
1906:PMID
1871:OCLC
1861:ISBN
1808:PMID
1751:PMID
1694:PMID
1653:ISBN
1632:2016
1598:PMID
1561:2020
1519:PMID
1476:PMID
1431:ISBN
1404:PMID
1176:PMID
1135:PMID
1094:PMID
1014:PMID
973:PMID
927:PMID
872:PMID
823:PMID
754:PMID
675:PMID
622:2011
537:PMID
453:and
155:and
153:dogs
149:rats
128:and
100:and
81:and
36:SEER
2651:TNF
2636:IL6
2631:ACE
2465:USA
1997:PMC
1989:doi
1985:323
1942:doi
1938:114
1898:doi
1800:doi
1741:PMC
1733:doi
1686:doi
1588:doi
1584:139
1511:doi
1468:doi
1396:doi
1166:doi
1162:111
1125:doi
1084:PMC
1074:doi
1004:doi
1000:122
965:doi
961:361
919:doi
862:PMC
854:doi
813:PMC
805:doi
744:doi
665:PMC
657:doi
595:doi
529:doi
358:DNA
52:ARD
42:An
2704::
2460:UK
2005:.
1995:.
1983:.
1979:.
1956:.
1948:.
1936:.
1912:.
1904:.
1894:19
1892:.
1869:.
1814:.
1806:.
1796:28
1794:.
1790:.
1749:.
1739:.
1729:77
1727:.
1723:.
1700:.
1692:.
1682:29
1680:.
1661:.
1618:.
1596:.
1582:.
1578:.
1551:.
1547:.
1525:.
1517:.
1507:13
1505:.
1482:.
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