720:. To decide, the 18 prospective regional members of the new bank held three rounds of votes at a ministerial conference in Manila in November/December 1965. In the first round on 30 November, Tokyo failed to win a majority, so a second ballot was held the next day at noon. Although Japan was in the lead, it was still inconclusive, so a final vote was held after lunch. In the third poll, Tokyo gained eight votes to Manila's nine, with one abstention. Therefore, Manila was declared the host of the new development bank; the Japanese were mystified and deeply disappointed. Watanabe later wrote in his personal history of ADB: "I felt as if the child I had so carefully reared had been taken away to a distant country." (Asian Development Bank publication, "Towards a New Asia", 1977, p. 16)
49:
838:
with an entity named AFIC. However, beginning in 2002, the ADB undertook a dramatic expansion of private sector lending under a new team. Over the course of the next six years, the
Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) grew by a factor of 41 times the 2001 levels of new financings and earnings for the ADB. This culminated with the Board's formal recognition of these achievements in March 2008, when the board of directors formally adopted the Long Term strategic Framework (LTSF). That document formally stated that assistance to private sector development was the lead priority of the ADB and that it should constitute 50% of the bank's lending by 2020.
292:
2171:
2690:
2672:
1649:
1050:
2099:
1625:
208:
3184:
2189:
1697:
2414:
2009:
3034:
2708:
1745:
3019:
2549:
2582:
2495:
3154:
1913:
3109:
2339:
2033:
1841:
1245:
3169:
1817:
40:
2861:
3321:
217:
2384:
2309:
1961:
1769:
3274:
2879:
2843:
2825:
2807:
2792:
2774:
2636:
2057:
1206:
2459:
2399:
2369:
2234:
1721:
1167:
765:; these countries accounted for 78.48% of the total ADB loans between 1967 and 1972. Moreover, Japan received tangible benefits, 41.67% of the total procurements between 1967 and 1976. Japan tied its special funds contributions to its preferred sectors and regions and procurements of its goods and services, as reflected in its $ 100 million donation for the Agricultural Special Fund in April 1968.
3256:
2723:
2600:
2564:
2429:
2324:
2279:
2204:
1985:
1889:
1128:
3292:
3064:
3049:
3001:
2951:
2915:
2618:
2531:
2444:
3238:
3124:
2933:
2756:
2654:
959:
enterprises, and regulatory reforms, is vital to decreasing poverty in Asia and the
Pacific. This has been a key priority of the Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) since 2002. One of the most active sub-sectors of finance is the PSOD's support for trade finance. Each year the PSOD finances billions of dollars in letters of credit across all of Asia and the rest of the world.
2897:
2741:
2513:
2354:
2294:
3079:
1793:
2969:
2477:
2264:
3202:
3139:
1865:
3220:
3094:
2249:
2219:
1937:
1673:
1601:
1089:
627:
604:
581:
558:
535:
505:
475:
443:
413:
383:
4660:
970:
then on, the
Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) grew at a very rapid pace, growing from the smallest financing unit of the ADB to the largest in terms of financing volume. As noted earlier, this culminated in the Long Term strategic Framework (LTSF) which was adopted by the Board in March 2008.
1363:
More than 50 financing partnership facilities, trust funds, and other funds – totaling several billion each year – are administered by ADB and put toward projects that promote social and economic development in Asia and the
Pacific. ADB has raised Rupees 5 billion or around Rupees 5 billion
965:
Regional
Cooperation and Integration – Regional cooperation and integration (RCI) was introduced by President Kuroda when he joined the ADB in 2004. It was seen as a long-standing priority of the Japanese government as a process by which national economies become more regionally connected. It plays a
1395:
with significant financial commitments, including $ 6.7 billion for climate initiatives and a $ 14 billion package for food security. The ADB committed a total of $ 20.5 billion in various forms of assistance, including private sector financing, and fostered regional cooperation, with
1354:
ADB partners with other development organizations on some projects to increase the amount of funding available. In 2014, $ 9.2 billion—or nearly half—of ADB's $ 22.9 billion in operations were financed by other organizations. According to Jason Rush, Principal
Communication Specialist, the
1542:
Indeed, whereas the
Private Sector Operations Department (PSOD) closed out that year with financings of $ 2.4 billion, the ADB has significantly dropped below that level in the years since and is clearly not on the path to achieving its stated goal of 50% of financings to the private sector by
684:
An expert group was convened to study the idea, with Japan invited to contribute to the group. When
Watanabe was recommended, the two streams proposing a new bank—from ECAFE and Japan—came together. Initially, the US was on the fence, not opposing the idea but not ready to commit financial support.
1500:
Australia has criticized the Asian
Development Bank for insensitivity to local communities. "Operating at a global and international level, these banks can undermine people's human rights through projects that have detrimental outcomes for poor and marginalized communities." The bank also received
1345:
ADB provides direct financial assistance, in the form of debt, equity and mezzanine finance to private sector companies, for projects that have clear social benefits beyond the financial rate of return. ADB's participation is usually limited but it leverages a large amount of funds from commercial
828:
In mid-1997, ADB responded to the financial crisis that hit the region with projects designed to strengthen financial sectors and create social safety nets for the poor. During the crisis, ADB approved its largest single loan – a $ 4 billion emergency loan to South Korea. In 1999, ADB adopted
665:
announced that Japan intended to sponsor the establishment of a regional development fund with resources largely from Japan and other industrial countries. But the US did not warm to the plan and the concept was shelved. See full account in "Banking the Future of Asia and the
Pacific: 50 Years of
311:
The Board of Governors also elect the bank's president, who is the chairperson of the board of directors and manages ADB. The president has a term of office lasting five years, and may be re-elected. Traditionally, and because Japan is one of the largest shareholders of the bank, the president has
279:
and has a similar weighted voting system, where votes are distributed in proportion with members' capital subscriptions. ADB releases an annual report that summarizes its operations, budget, and other materials for review by the public. The ADB-Japan Scholarship Program (ADB-JSP) enrolls about 300
969:
Private Sector Lending – This priority was introduced into the ADB's activities at the insistence of the Reagan Administration. However, that effort was never a true priority until the administration of President Tadeo Chino who in turn brought in a seasoned American banker – Robert Bestani. From
958:
Finance Sector Development – The financial system is the lifeline of a country's economy. It creates prosperity that can be shared throughout society and benefit the poorest and most vulnerable people. Financial sector and capital market development, including microfinance, small and medium-sized
837:
The early 2000s saw a dramatic expansion of private sector finance. While the institution had such operations since the 1980s (under pressure from the Reagan Administration) the early attempts were highly unsuccessful with low lending volumes, considerable losses and financial scandals associated
776:
In the 1970s, ADB's assistance to developing countries in Asia expanded into education and health, and then to infrastructure and industry. The gradual emergence of Asian economies in the latter part of the decade spurred demand for better infrastructure to support economic growth. ADB focused on
680:
In parallel, the concept was formally proposed at a trade conference organized by the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) in 1963 by a young Thai economist, Paul Sithi-Amnuai. (ESCAP, United Nations Publication March 2007, "The first parliament of Asia" pp. 65). Despite an
784:
Following considerable pressure from the Reagan Administration in the 1980s, ADB reluctantly began working with the private sector in an attempt to increase the impact of its development assistance to poor countries in Asia and the Pacific. In the wake of the second oil crisis, ADB expanded its
2149:
ADB has 68 members (as of 23 March 2019): 49 members from the Asian and Pacific Region, and 19 members from Other Regions. The year listed after a member's name indicates the year of their membership. When a country no longer remains a member, the Bank shall arrange for the repurchase of such
902:. In the same year, the ADB committed a $ 20 million loan to Electric Networks of Armenia, that will ensure electricity for the citizens during the pandemic, as well as approved $ 500,000 in regional technical assistance to procure personal protective equipment and other medical supplies.
1412:
ADB has an information disclosure policy that presumes all information that is produced by the institution should be disclosed to the public unless there is a specific reason to keep it confidential. The policy calls for accountability and transparency in operations and the timely response to
1543:
2020. Critics also point out that the PSOD is the only department that actually makes money for the ADB. Hence, with the vast majority of loans going to concessionary (sub-market) loans to the public sector, the ADB is facing considerable financial difficulty and continuous operating losses.
307:
The highest policy-making body of the bank is the Board of Governors, composed of one representative from each member state. The Board of Governors, in turn, elect among themselves the twelve members of the board of directors and their deputies. Eight of the twelve members come from regional
280:
students annually in academic institutions located in 10 countries within the Region. After completing their study programs, scholars are expected to contribute to the economic and social development of their home countries. ADB holds the status of an official United Nations Observer.
894:
In 2017, ADB combined the lending operations of its Asian Development Fund (ADF) with its ordinary capital resources (OCR). The result was to expand the OCR balance sheet to permit increasing annual lending and grants to $ 20 billion by 2020 – 50% more than the previous level.
792:
Japanese presidents Inoue Shiro (1972–76) and Yoshida Taroichi (1976–81) took the spotlight in the 1970s. Fujioka Masao, the fourth president (1981–90), adopted an assertive leadership style, launching an ambitious plan to expand the ADB into a high-impact development agency.
738:
By the end of 1972, Japan had contributed $ 173.7 million (22.6% of the total) to the ordinary capital resources and $ 122.6 million (59.6% of the total) to the special funds. In contrast, the United States contributed only $ 1.25 million to the special fund.
734:
asked Watanabe to be a candidate. Although he initially declined, pressure came from other countries and Watanabe agreed. In the absence of any other candidates, Watanabe was elected first President of the Asian Development Bank at its Inaugural Meeting on 24 November 1966.
4708:
824:
In the 1990s, ADB began promoting regional cooperation by helping the countries on the Mekong River to trade and work together. The decade also saw an expansion of ADB's membership with the addition of several Central Asian countries following the end of the Cold War.
673:, then a private financial consultant in Tokyo, and proposed a study group to form a development bank for the Asian region. The group met regularly in 1963, examining various scenarios for setting up a new institution and drew on Watanabe's experiences with the
875:
Asia moved beyond the economic crisis and by 2010 had emerged as a new engine of global economic growth though it remained home to two-thirds of the world's poor. In addition, the increasing prosperity of many people in the region created a widening
983:
with lower interest rates to poorer countries in the region. Based on a new policy, both types of loans will be sourced starting January 2017 from the bank's ordinary capital resources (OCR), which functions as its general operational fund.
987:
The ADB's Private Sector Department (PSOD) can and does offer a broader range of financings beyond commercial loans. They also have the capability to provide guarantees, equity and mezzanine finance (a combination of debt and equity).
947:
Education – Most developing countries in Asia and the Pacific have earned high marks for a dramatic rise in primary education enrollment rates in the last three decades, but daunting challenges remain, threatening economic and social
1404:, and unlocking additional resources through innovative financial mechanisms. The report also notes organizational reforms for increased efficacy, the adoption of a hybrid work model following the full reopening of its headquarters.
927:. This is carried out through investments – in the form of loans, grants and information sharing – in infrastructure, health care services, financial and public administration systems, helping countries prepare for the impact of
4716:
991:
In 2017, ADB lent $ 19.1 billion of which $ 3.2 billion went to private enterprises, as part of its "non-sovereign" operations. ADB's operations in 2017, including grants and co-financing, totaled $ 28.9 billion.
5542:
265:
1413:
requests for information and documents. ADB does not disclose information that jeopardizes personal privacy, safety and security, certain financial and commercial information, as well as other exceptions.
5308:
until 1986. However, its share of Bank capital was based on the size of Taiwan's capital, unlike the World Bank and IMF where the government in Taiwan had had a share. The representation was succeeded by
995:
ADB obtains its funding by issuing bonds on the world's capital markets. It also relies on the contributions of member countries, retained earnings from lending operations, and the repayment of loans.
4527:
6766:
5643:
3366:
6042:
4837:
5535:
1505:, stating in a report that "much of the growth has bypassed more than 70 percent of its rural population, many of whom are directly dependent on natural resources for livelihoods and incomes."
4807:
1531:. The ADB has been accused by civil society of ignoring warnings leading up the crisis and also contributing to it by pushing loan conditions that many say unfairly pressure governments to
6119:
5528:
4656:
1494:
Since the ADB's early days, critics have charged that the two major donors, Japan and the United States, have had extensive influence over lending, policy and staffing decisions.
6351:
6194:
5664:
4937:
4424:
4400:
283:
As of 31 December 2020, Japan and the United States each holds the largest proportion of shares at 15.571%. China holds 6.429%, India holds 6.317%, and Australia holds 5.773%.
1508:
There had been criticism that ADB's large scale projects cause social and environmental damage due to lack of oversight. One of the most controversial ADB-related projects is
5147:
4686:
742:
After its creation in the 1960s, ADB focused much of its assistance on food production and rural development. At the time, Asia was one of the poorest regions in the world.
1524:, while usually up to international standards on paper, are often ignored in practice, are too vague or weak to be effective, or are simply not enforced by bank officials.
6756:
6072:
6062:
6746:
6553:
6249:
6219:
5607:
849:
and HIV/AIDS. ADB also responded to a multitude of natural disasters in the region, committing more than $ 850 million for recovery in areas of India, Indonesia,
863:
In 2009, ADB's Board of Governors agreed to triple ADB's capital base from $ 55 billion to $ 165 billion, giving it much-needed resources to respond to the
860:
In December 2005, China donated $ 20 million to the ADB for a regional poverty alleviation fund; China's first such fund set up at an international institution.
5234:
4776:
3688:
3666:
730:
As intensive work took place during 1966 to prepare for the opening of the new bank in Manila, high on the agenda was choice of president. Japanese Prime Minister
6527:
781:
shock, ADB shifted more of its assistance to support energy projects, especially those promoting the development of domestic energy sources in member countries.
6057:
898:
In 2020, ADB gave a $ 2 million grant from the Asia Pacific Disaster Response Fund, to support the Armenian government in the fight against the spread of
4709:"Government signs loan agreement with ADB for Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program–Project 4, Special Content – Association Releases – ConstructionBiz360"
4634:
2150:
country's shares by the Bank as a part of the settlement of accounts with such country in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of Article 43.
4519:
966:
critical role in accelerating economic growth, reducing poverty and economic disparity, raising productivity and employment, and strengthening institutions.
6761:
3391:
845:(SARS) epidemic hit the region and ADB responded with programs to help the countries in the region work together to address infectious diseases, including
813:
4829:
3750:
3640:
5717:
4604:
6344:
6244:
6159:
3776:
6543:
854:
661:
that development projects in Southeast Asia could be supported by a new financial institution for the region. A year later, Japanese Prime Minister
4038:
1551:
The following table are amounts for 20 largest countries by subscribed capital and voting power at the Asian Development Bank as of December 2021.
6751:
6000:
4799:
4471:
1371:
in India, as it also contributes to an established yield curve which stretches from 2021 through 2030 with $ 1 billion of outstanding bonds.
4863:
4319:
696:
As a key player in the concept, Japan hoped that the ADB offices would be in Tokyo. However, eight other cities had also expressed an interest:
6741:
1469:
3420:
5434:
5426:
5409:
5401:
5393:
4007:
3976:
3949:
3486:
4345:
6337:
6067:
5965:
5875:
5617:
5586:
3350:
1502:
1477:
4746:
291:
48:
5179:
1473:
6776:
5865:
5275:
4417:
4393:
4975:
4933:
864:
5082:
3614:
842:
460:
5122:
4549:
4445:
3539:
3465:
1465:
4682:
6052:
6032:
5551:
4293:
3854:
3344:
655:
5509:
685:
But a new bank for Asia was soon seen to fit in with a broader program of assistance to Asia planned by United States President
6726:
5870:
5765:
5755:
5648:
4267:
3381:
2176:
919:
organization that is dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific through inclusive economic growth, environmentally
6404:
6254:
6047:
4059:
3567:
2695:
5710:
857:. In addition, $ 1 billion in loans and grants was provided to the victims of the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan.
6270:
5738:
5669:
5030:
3662:
670:
372:
245:
5317:
5228:
5056:
4889:
4768:
4578:
3695:
6771:
6736:
6224:
5955:
5786:
5104:
4111:
1379:
The 2022 Annual Report details ADB's efforts in aiding its developing member countries to overcome the aftermath of the
1368:
952:
303:
and other officials of ADB during the 51st ADB Annual Meeting in Ortigas Center, Mandaluyong, Philippines on 5 May 2018.
5726:
4163:
4085:
3444:
6731:
6291:
6259:
5990:
3724:
3386:
1384:
932:
176:
5008:
4137:
5512:
Youth unemployment in Asia. An interview with Jesus Felipe, advisor in the Economics and Research Department of ADB.
4215:
6695:
6690:
6548:
6229:
6174:
5985:
5638:
4626:
4241:
3371:
962:
Infrastructure, including transport and communications, energy, water supply and sanitation, and urban development.
5324:– a name it protests. Uniquely, this allows both sides of the Taiwan Straits to be represented at the institution.
6124:
6107:
5760:
5591:
4497:
4189:
3999:
3871:
3804:
3376:
3356:
677:. However, the idea received a cool reception from the World Bank itself and the study group became discouraged.
17:
5703:
669:
The idea came up again late in 1962 when Kaoru Ohashi, an economist from a research institute in Tokyo, visited
6538:
6511:
6301:
6239:
5880:
5674:
5612:
5565:
5515:
3830:
3334:
1521:
1513:
5205:
3916:
3846:
3746:
3636:
3513:
4600:
1516:. Environmental and human rights activists say ADB's environmental safeguards policy as well as policies for
1367:
On 26 February 2020, ADB raises $ 118 million from rupee-linked bonds and supporting the development of
6286:
6037:
6234:
4371:
3799:
880:
that left many people behind. ADB responded to this with loans and grants that encouraged economic growth.
430:
6164:
5622:
4657:"Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project – Additional Financing in Armenia: General Procurement Notice"
3772:
4031:
6360:
6318:
6114:
6027:
6011:
2098:
4467:
1555:
The 20 countries with the largest capital contribution and voting rights in the Asian Development Bank
487:
5417:
4859:
1440:
India: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program; Agartala Municipal Infrastructure Development Project
425:
6313:
6189:
5995:
5960:
5679:
5313:
in 1986. However, the ROC was allowed to retain its membership, but under the name of "Taipei,China"
4772:
4315:
3339:
924:
261:
6022:
5935:
3833:) Asian Development Bank. Retrieved on 21 April 2015. "6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong 1550, Philippines"
3416:
3297:
2118:
455:
4830:"Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Programme and Project (Capacity Development Project – M&E)"
979:
The ADB offers "hard" loans on commercial terms primarily to middle income countries in Asia and "
6204:
5975:
5791:
5747:
5520:
5139:
4341:
3587:
2103:
1517:
943:
Eighty percent of ADB's lending is concentrated public sector lending in five operational areas.
920:
724:
658:
522:
517:
492:
400:
395:
268:(UNESCAP, formerly the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East or ECAFE), and non-regional
5502:
5487:
1468:
Project (Malolos–Clark Railway Project and South Commuter Railway Project), jointly funded with
5497:
4738:
6490:
5980:
5801:
5430:
5422:
5405:
5397:
5389:
5297:
4013:
4003:
3972:
3966:
3945:
3939:
3482:
2956:
1380:
899:
686:
616:
316:
269:
155:
5695:
6429:
6399:
6389:
5897:
5684:
5173:
5131:
3995:
The dragon roars back : transformational leaders and dynamics of Chinese foreign policy
3579:
3474:
2713:
2500:
343:
5048:
4960:
887:
in response to reforms initiated by the government. In April 2014, ADB opened an office in
6444:
6179:
6102:
5919:
5781:
5321:
5269:
5256:
3850:
3448:
2554:
1482:
1397:
846:
797:
789:, and later in the decade, it expanded its work with non-government organizations (NGOs).
651:
570:
324:
296:
5078:
3610:
4441:
3535:
1346:
sources to finance these projects by holding no more than 25% of any given transaction.
6669:
6594:
6475:
5860:
5850:
5730:
5305:
3159:
1918:
1392:
928:
805:
731:
662:
593:
320:
300:
216:
207:
5385:
Banking on the Future of Asia and the Pacific: 50 Years of the Asian Development Bank.
4289:
39:
6720:
6674:
6434:
6281:
6199:
6144:
6082:
5892:
5143:
3174:
1630:
1539:
agriculture, leading to problems such as the rice supply shortage in Southeast Asia.
916:
690:
955:
is a prerequisite for economic growth and poverty reduction in Asia and the Pacific.
342:, and it has 42 field offices in Asia and the Pacific and representative offices in
6379:
6214:
6090:
5824:
5814:
5352:
4263:
3361:
3326:
2866:
2587:
1532:
867:. The 200% increase is the largest in ADB's history, and was the first since 1994.
778:
335:
327:
in 2013. In 2024, Asakawa announced his resignation effective on 23 February 2025.
253:
133:
117:
4860:"Malolos–Clark Railway Project: North-South Commuter Railway, PNR Clark – Phase 2"
4055:
3595:
260:. The bank also maintains 31 field offices around the world to promote social and
5506:
magazine, November/December 2007. Article discussing recent reports from the ADB.
6649:
6639:
6414:
6169:
6154:
6149:
5838:
5819:
5809:
5384:
5301:
3189:
3114:
2389:
2344:
2314:
2038:
1966:
1846:
1774:
1528:
1461:
1422:
1401:
1250:
762:
758:
547:
339:
331:
257:
249:
121:
113:
681:
initial mixed reaction, support for the establishment of a new bank soon grew.
6558:
6506:
6329:
6308:
6296:
6095:
5885:
5459:
A Bank for Half the World: The Story of the Asian Development Bank, 1966–1986.
5314:
4911:
4885:
4574:
4017:
3396:
3316:
3279:
2884:
2848:
2830:
2812:
2797:
2779:
2641:
2062:
1211:
877:
809:
801:
786:
785:
assistance to energy projects. In 1982, ADB opened its first field office, in
713:
674:
276:
5108:
4107:
777:
improving roads and providing electricity. When the world suffered its first
6644:
6614:
6374:
4159:
4081:
2464:
2404:
2374:
2239:
2194:
1726:
1702:
1536:
1443:
1172:
980:
746:
5034:
3993:
3720:
3441:
5438:
4133:
689:
in the wake of the escalating U.S. military support for the government of
350:. The bank employs about 3,000 people, representing 60 of its 68 members.
6659:
6629:
6394:
5855:
5000:
4211:
3261:
2728:
2605:
2569:
2434:
2329:
2284:
2209:
1990:
1894:
1822:
1509:
1455:
1452:: Northern and Central Regions Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
1133:
850:
754:
750:
272:. Starting with 31 members at its establishment, ADB now has 68 members.
248:
established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in 6 ADB Avenue,
4237:
3938:
Devesh Kapur; John Prior Lewis; Richard Charles Webb (1 December 2010).
308:(Asia-Pacific) members while the others come from non-regional members.
6604:
6485:
6459:
5135:
3591:
3478:
3084:
3069:
3054:
3024:
3006:
2920:
2623:
2536:
2449:
1798:
1428:
888:
884:
701:
697:
5452:
The Asian Development Bank and Rural Development: Policy and Practice.
5079:"RFI – NGO criticises ADB and questions its ability to reduce poverty"
4493:
4394:"Management's Discussion and Analysis and Annual Financial Statements"
4185:
1364:
from its issuance of 5-year offshore Indian rupee (INR) linked bonds.
6664:
6634:
6599:
6574:
6454:
3867:
3243:
3207:
3144:
3129:
3039:
2938:
2761:
2659:
2419:
2014:
1870:
1750:
1434:
1388:
717:
709:
347:
5439:
Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank: Fifty Years of Partnership
5418:
Indonesia and the Asian Development Bank: Fifty Years of Partnership
3583:
461:
5201:
4800:"Oudomxay hosts belated opening ceremony for water treatment plant"
3912:
3843:
3509:
6654:
6624:
6619:
6609:
6584:
6579:
6449:
6439:
6424:
6409:
6209:
5915:
5907:
5310:
3225:
3099:
2902:
2746:
2677:
2518:
2359:
2299:
2254:
2224:
2097:
1942:
1678:
1654:
1606:
1497:
1094:
1055:
705:
632:
609:
586:
563:
540:
510:
480:
448:
418:
388:
290:
215:
4961:"Donor Influence in MDBs: The Case of the Asian Development Bank"
796:
On 18 November 1972, the Bank inaugurated its headquarters along
6589:
6480:
6419:
6384:
5927:
4367:
2974:
2482:
2269:
1527:
The bank has been criticized over its role and relevance in the
1449:
6333:
5699:
5524:
1547:
Countries with the largest subscribed capital and voting rights
6184:
5370:
The Asian Development Bank: Diplomacy and Development in Asia.
4627:"Hairatan to Mazar-i-Sharif railway | Railways of Afghanistan"
3826:
1355:
Bank communicates with many other multilateral organizations.
5031:"Inter Press Service – News and Views from the Global South"
951:
Environment, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Management –
4912:"Philippines : Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge Project"
4108:"Environment, Climate Change, and Disaster Risk Management"
266:
UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
5644:
CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean
3367:
CAF – Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean
2132: Ordinary Capital Resources (OCR) financing, Group-C
804:, Philippines. On 31 May 1991, ADB moved its offices to
727:
lays the foundation stone of the Asian Development Bank.
6554:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
1458:: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project
198:
5492:
6767:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
5665:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
5480:
3857:) Asian Development Bank. Retrieved on 21 April 2015.
2144: Asian Development Fund (ADF) financing, Group-A
4683:"Proposed Green Power Development Project in Bhutan"
3747:"New ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa Assumes Office"
3637:"Scholarship Program: List of Academic Institutions"
891:
and resumed making loans and grants to the country.
768:
Watanabe served as the first ADB president to 1972.
6683:
6567:
6520:
6499:
6468:
6367:
6268:
6133:
6081:
6009:
5948:
5906:
5837:
5800:
5774:
5746:
5737:
5657:
5631:
5600:
5574:
5558:
5271:
Asian Development Bank and Taipei,China: Fact Sheet
4934:"Pacific banks go branchless to reach the unbanked"
4316:"ADF-OCR Merger to Boost Support for Region's Poor"
193:
183:
172:
162:
149:
139:
127:
108:
100:
92:
84:
66:
58:
6073:United Nations Industrial Development Organization
6063:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
5342:Joined as "British Hong Kong", not "Hong Kong SAR"
4520:"ADB raises $ 118 million from rupee-linked bonds"
5230:Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank
5105:""ADB to meet amid food crisis, growing poverty""
3773:"New ADB President Takehiko Nakao Assumes Office"
330:The headquarters of the bank is at 6 ADB Avenue,
18:Agreement establishing the Asian Development Bank
6250:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
6220:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
5608:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
4769:"ADB supports vocational education in Indonesia"
5936:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
1485:: Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative
883:In early 2012, the ADB began to re-engage with
5916:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
5552:International development and investment banks
5001:"The Asian Development Bank and Food Security"
3944:. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 304–.
3578:(4). University of British Columbia: 509–528.
6345:
6058:New World Information and Communication Order
5711:
5536:
4886:"Philippines: South Commuter Railway Project"
8:
5315:(space deliberately omitted after the comma)
5204:. Asian Development Bank. 18 December 2020.
5172:Bank, Asian Development (26 November 1998).
4603:. Asian Development Bank. 9 September 2014.
4423:. Asian Development Bank. 31 December 2018.
4399:. Asian Development Bank. 31 December 2016.
3473:. Asian Development Bank. 2023. p. 10.
2138: OCR and ADF blended financing, Group-B
2126: DMC graduated from assistance, Group-D
1446:: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
1431:: Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
1425:: Hairatan to Mazar-e-Sharif Railway Project
264:in Asia. The bank admits the members of the
32:
5227:Bank, Asian Development (4 December 1965).
4344:. Asian Development Bank. 12 January 2018.
4186:"Information and Communications Technology"
3749:. Asian Development Bank. 17 January 2020.
3639:. Asian Development Bank. 12 October 2017.
3392:South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation
853:, and Sri Lanka which were impacted by the
829:poverty reduction as its overarching goal.
814:Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)
6352:
6338:
6330:
5843:
5743:
5718:
5704:
5696:
5543:
5529:
5521:
5443:Watanabe, Takeshi. 1977 (reprinted 2010).
3561:
3559:
3557:
2986:
2156:
1553:
997:
206:
31:
6757:United Nations General Assembly observers
6245:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
5274:. Asian Development Bank. 26 April 2021.
5049:"Large-scale ADB projects draw criticism"
4968:The Review of International Organizations
4442:"Private Sector (Nonsovereign) Financing"
4058:. Asian Development Bank. 30 March 2014.
3798:Cigaral, Ian Nicolas (9 September 2024).
3775:. Asian Development Bank. 28 April 2013.
3417:"Masatsugu Asakawa Elected ADB President"
1417:Notable projects and technical assistance
723:On 3 December 1965, Philippine President
650:As early as 1956, Japan Finance Minister
6544:International Organization for Migration
5124:Members, Capital Stock, and Voting Power
4862:. Asian Development Bank. 10 July 2019.
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3694:. Asian Development Bank. Archived from
855:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
666:the Asian Development Bank", July 2017.
357:
6747:International development multilaterals
6001:OPEC Fund for International Development
5175:A Graduation Policy for the Bank's DMCs
3408:
6210:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
4318:. Asian Development Bank. 2 May 2015.
4290:"Regional Cooperation and Integration"
3779:from the original on 17 September 2020
3568:"Japan and the Asian Development Bank"
1470:Japan International Cooperation Agency
5466:Japan and the Asian Development Bank.
5182:from the original on 26 December 2015
5085:from the original on 21 November 2011
4810:from the original on 20 February 2016
4637:from the original on 24 December 2017
4607:from the original on 22 December 2015
4581:from the original on 22 December 2015
4500:from the original on 22 December 2015
4474:from the original on 18 November 2015
4374:from the original on 10 December 2015
4322:from the original on 27 December 2015
4244:from the original on 20 February 2016
4218:from the original on 12 November 2015
4140:from the original on 13 December 2015
4062:from the original on 22 December 2015
3800:"ADB president announces resignation"
3617:from the original on 26 November 2015
220:Asian Development Bank member states
7:
6195:African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
6068:United Nations Development Programme
5966:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
5618:Black Sea Trade and Development Bank
5587:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
5130:. Asian Development Bank. May 2021.
4892:from the original on 24 January 2022
4866:from the original on 7 November 2019
4840:from the original on 20 January 2018
4749:from the original on 21 January 2023
4448:from the original on 5 December 2015
4430:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4406:from the original on 9 October 2022.
4348:from the original on 8 February 2018
4270:from the original on 1 February 2017
4192:from the original on 26 October 2015
4166:from the original on 14 January 2016
4114:from the original on 6 November 2015
4088:from the original on 9 December 2015
4044:from the original on 9 October 2022.
3919:from the original on 29 January 2016
3753:from the original on 17 January 2020
3727:from the original on 6 December 2015
3516:from the original on 29 January 2016
3423:from the original on 7 December 2019
3351:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
1503:United Nations Environmental Program
1478:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
816:taking over its old Pasay premises.
299:pose for a photo with ADB President
5011:from the original on 6 January 2009
4981:from the original on 9 October 2022
4530:from the original on 7 January 2021
275:The ADB was modeled closely on the
6762:International banking institutions
6043:Global System of Trade Preferences
5278:from the original on 13 April 2023
4663:from the original on 13 April 2023
3542:from the original on 17 March 2012
323:on 17 January 2020, who succeeded
25:
5447:. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
5237:from the original on 9 April 2012
5153:from the original on 9 April 2023
5059:from the original on 21 July 2012
4940:from the original on 5 March 2016
4779:from the original on 7 April 2016
4689:from the original on 6 March 2016
4296:from the original on 12 June 2016
3965:Frank N. Magill (23 April 2014).
3663:"Intergovernmental Organizations"
1437:: Green Power Development Project
1383:, tackle new challenges like the
999:Five largest borrowing countries
843:severe acute respiratory syndrome
6053:New International Economic Order
6033:Infrastructure-based development
5516:Free Futures Thinking Guidebooks
5510:"The right business environment"
5498:"Inequality Worsens across Asia"
5421:Manila: Asian Development Bank,
5388:Manila: Asian Development Bank,
5208:from the original on 9 July 2015
4804:Lao People's Democratic Republic
3669:from the original on 23 May 2017
3643:from the original on 19 May 2017
3345:Asian Development Bank Institute
3319:
3290:
3272:
3254:
3236:
3218:
3200:
3182:
3167:
3152:
3137:
3122:
3107:
3092:
3077:
3062:
3047:
3032:
3017:
2999:
2967:
2949:
2931:
2913:
2895:
2877:
2859:
2841:
2823:
2805:
2790:
2772:
2754:
2739:
2721:
2706:
2688:
2670:
2652:
2634:
2616:
2598:
2580:
2562:
2547:
2529:
2511:
2493:
2475:
2457:
2442:
2427:
2412:
2397:
2382:
2367:
2352:
2337:
2322:
2307:
2292:
2277:
2262:
2247:
2232:
2217:
2202:
2187:
2169:
2055:
2031:
2007:
1983:
1959:
1935:
1911:
1887:
1863:
1839:
1815:
1791:
1767:
1743:
1719:
1695:
1671:
1647:
1623:
1599:
1243:
1204:
1165:
1126:
1087:
1048:
656:United States Secretary of State
625:
602:
579:
556:
533:
503:
473:
441:
411:
381:
47:
38:
6175:G33 developing countries (G-33)
5871:World Conference against Racism
5766:Heavily indebted poor countries
5756:Landlocked developing countries
5649:Inter-American Development Bank
5461:Manila: Asian Development Bank.
5454:Hampshire, UK: Macmillan Press.
5379:Manila: Asian Development Bank.
4160:"Sustainable Transport for All"
3874:from the original on 2 May 2017
3382:Inter-American Development Bank
2177:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
104:Social and Economic Development
6752:Multilateral development banks
6255:Small Island Developing States
6048:Protocol on Trade Negotiations
5259:, succeeded by Lao PDR in 1975
3566:Ming, Wan (Winter 1995–1996).
2696:Federated States of Micronesia
1474:Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge
933:manage their natural resources
1:
6742:Organizations based in Manila
6165:G20 developing nations (G-20)
5670:International Investment Bank
5333:before 1975 was South Vietnam
88:Multilateral Development Bank
6225:International Solar Alliance
5787:Newly industrialized country
5412:(Japanese language edition).
5372:New York, NY: Vantage Press.
4134:"Finance Sector Development"
3971:. Routledge. pp. 891–.
3941:The World Bank: Perspectives
1466:North–South Commuter Railway
1369:India International Exchange
953:Environmental sustainability
915:The ADB defines itself as a
745:Early loans went largely to
6361:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
6292:International Monetary Fund
5991:Common Fund for Commodities
5351:Founding member; joined as
4959:Kilby, Christopher (2002).
4798:Murphy, B. J. (June 2012).
3387:International Monetary Fund
2104:Developing Member Countries
1385:Russian invasion of Ukraine
177:International Monetary Fund
6793:
6549:United Nations Secretariat
6230:Melanesian Spearhead Group
5986:Caribbean Development Bank
5930:(BRICS minus South Africa)
5639:Caribbean Development Bank
5233:. Asian Development Bank.
5178:. Asian Development Bank.
4888:. Asian Development Bank.
4601:"Exceptions to Disclosure"
4577:. Asian Development Bank.
4496:. Asian Development Bank.
4470:. Asian Development Bank.
4444:. Asian Development Bank.
4370:. Asian Development Bank.
4292:. Asian Development Bank.
4266:. Asian Development Bank.
4240:. Asian Development Bank.
4214:. Asian Development Bank.
4188:. Asian Development Bank.
4162:. Asian Development Bank.
4136:. Asian Development Bank.
4110:. Asian Development Bank.
4084:. Asian Development Bank.
4037:. Asian Development Bank.
3915:. Asian Development Bank.
3870:. Asian Development Bank.
3844:Contacts: How to Visit ADB
3723:. Asian Development Bank.
3613:. Asian Development Bank.
3538:. Asian Development Bank.
3512:. Asian Development Bank.
3372:Caribbean Development Bank
3010:
2180:
2117: Asia-Pacific region
2076:
2053:
2029:
2005:
1981:
1957:
1933:
1909:
1885:
1861:
1837:
1813:
1789:
1765:
1741:
1717:
1693:
1669:
1645:
1621:
1597:
1579:
1341:Private sector investments
935:, as well as other areas.
295:Then Philippine President
6777:Banks established in 1966
6704:
6125:World Health Organization
5846:
5761:Least developed countries
5592:Eurasian Development Bank
4000:Stanford University Press
3805:Philippine Daily Inquirer
3536:"Departments and Offices"
3377:Eurasian Development Bank
3357:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
2783:
2732:
2699:
2540:
2102:Asian Development Bank –
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
906:Objectives and activities
315:The current president is
246:regional development bank
231: Asia-Pacific region
46:
37:
27:Regional development bank
6539:Commonwealth Secretariat
6512:Northern Mariana Islands
6302:World Trade Organization
6240:Polynesian Leaders Group
5675:Islamic Development Bank
5613:European Investment Bank
5566:African Development Bank
4834:Oxford Policy Management
4555:. Asian Development Bank
4550:"ADB Annual Report 2022"
4056:"Core Operational Areas"
4032:"Asian Development Bank"
3998:. Stanford, California:
3968:Chron 20c Hist Bus Comer
3849:23 December 2020 at the
3335:African Development Bank
2106:(DMC) graduation stages
1522:involuntary resettlement
1514:coal-fired power station
1391:, while also addressing
6287:Global financial system
6038:Sustainable development
5727:South–South cooperation
5488:Bank Information Center
5450:Wihtol, Robert. 1988.
5415:McCawley, Peter. 2020.
5382:McCawley, Peter. 2017.
5375:Krishnamurti, R. 1977.
5320:8 December 2015 at the
4418:"2018 FINANCIAL REPORT"
3992:Zhao, Suisheng (2023).
346:, Frankfurt, Tokyo and
6727:Asian Development Bank
6534:Asian Development Bank
6521:Observer Organisations
6103:Pharmaceutical patents
5971:Asian Development Bank
5623:Nordic Investment Bank
5582:Asian Development Bank
5468:New York, NY: Praeger.
5377:ADB: The Seeding Days.
5300:representing not only
4739:"India Project Notice"
4713:constructionbiz360.com
4468:"Official Cofinancing"
3467:ADB Annual Report 2022
2146:
865:global economic crisis
312:always been Japanese.
304:
238:Asian Development Bank
233:
158:(from 17 January 2020)
72:; 57 years ago
33:Asian Development Bank
6319:Global digital divide
6205:Afro–Asian Conference
6115:Test data exclusivity
6028:Flying geese paradigm
5464:Yasutomo, D.T. 1983.
5304:, but also nominally
4775:. 28 September 2012.
2111: Outside regions
2101:
2079:All Remaining Members
1408:Access to information
294:
225: Outside regions
219:
70:19 December 1966
6314:Financial regulation
6190:Non-Aligned Movement
5996:New Development Bank
5961:Asian Clearing Union
5922:(BRICS minus Russia)
5680:New Development Bank
5457:Wilson, Dick. 1997.
5037:on 12 December 2007.
4631:andrewgrantham.co.uk
4526:. 26 February 2020.
3721:"Board of Directors"
3611:"ADB Annual Reports"
3447:23 June 2020 at the
3340:Asian Clearing Union
2990:Nonregional members
1476:, jointly funded by
925:regional integration
262:economic development
53:Headquarters in 2011
6772:Development in Asia
6737:Supranational banks
6023:Developmental state
5503:Dollars & Sense
4264:"Urban Development"
3419:. 2 December 2019.
1556:
1501:criticism from the
1359:Funds and resources
1000:
270:developed countries
34:
6732:Banking institutes
6235:North–South Summit
5976:Arab Monetary Fund
5792:Transition economy
5445:Towards a New Asia
5368:Huang, P.W. 1975.
5136:10.22617/FLS210109
4914:. 12 December 2023
4719:on 8 December 2015
4524:The Economic Times
4342:"ADB news release"
3665:. United Nations.
3479:10.22617/FLS230039
2993:Date of accession
2297:
2163:Date of accession
2147:
1566:Subscribed capital
1554:
1518:indigenous peoples
1375:2022 Annual Report
998:
921:sustainable growth
917:social development
725:Diosdado Macapagal
659:John Foster Dulles
354:List of presidents
305:
234:
168:Board of Governors
6714:
6713:
6568:Dialogue partners
6491:Wallis and Futuna
6469:Associate members
6327:
6326:
5944:
5943:
5833:
5832:
5693:
5692:
5435:978-92-9262-204-6
5427:978-92-9262-202-2
5410:978-4-326-50451-0
5402:978-92-9257-792-6
5394:978-92-9257-791-9
5298:Republic of China
4009:978-1-5036-3415-2
3978:978-1-134-26462-9
3951:978-0-8157-2014-0
3598:on 7 August 2011.
3488:978-92-9270-073-7
3442:About: Management
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
2983:
2982:
2939:Brunei Darussalam
2160:Regional members
2119:developed members
2091:
2090:
1381:COVID-19 pandemic
1338:
1337:
900:COVID-19 pandemic
716:, Singapore, and
687:Lyndon B. Johnson
654:had suggested to
638:
637:
617:Masatsugu Asakawa
488:Kimimasa Tarumizu
317:Masatsugu Asakawa
214:
213:
156:Masatsugu Asakawa
16:(Redirected from
6784:
6430:Papua New Guinea
6400:Marshall Islands
6390:French Polynesia
6354:
6347:
6340:
6331:
6120:Doha Declaration
5931:
5923:
5898:Post-Western era
5844:
5782:Emerging markets
5744:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5697:
5685:World Bank Group
5545:
5538:
5531:
5522:
5484:
5483:
5481:Official website
5437:(e-book). DOI:
5356:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5325:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5266:
5260:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5152:
5129:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5111:on 17 July 2011.
5107:. Archived from
5101:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5033:. Archived from
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5007:. 13 June 2014.
4997:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4965:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4715:. Archived from
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4422:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4021:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3909:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3864:
3858:
3840:
3834:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3701:on 3 August 2017
3700:
3693:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3594:. Archived from
3563:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3472:
3462:
3456:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3329:
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3322:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2987:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2714:Marshall Islands
2712:
2710:
2709:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2501:Papua New Guinea
2499:
2497:
2496:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2433:
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2418:
2416:
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2403:
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2400:
2388:
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2385:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2081:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2013:
2011:
2010:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1557:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1001:
708:, Kuala Lumpur,
671:Takeshi Watanabe
631:
629:
628:
608:
606:
605:
585:
583:
582:
562:
560:
559:
539:
537:
536:
526:
509:
507:
506:
496:
479:
477:
476:
466:
463:
447:
445:
444:
434:
426:Taroichi Yoshida
417:
415:
414:
404:
387:
385:
384:
373:Takeshi Watanabe
358:
230:
224:
210:
205:
202:
200:
80:
78:
73:
51:
42:
35:
21:
6792:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6679:
6563:
6516:
6495:
6464:
6445:Solomon Islands
6363:
6358:
6328:
6323:
6275:
6272:
6264:
6138:
6136:
6129:
6077:
6016:
6013:
6005:
5940:
5929:
5921:
5918:
5902:
5829:
5796:
5770:
5733:
5724:
5694:
5689:
5653:
5627:
5596:
5570:
5554:
5549:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5365:
5363:Further reading
5360:
5359:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5328:
5322:Wayback Machine
5295:
5291:
5281:
5279:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5257:Kingdom of Laos
5254:
5250:
5240:
5238:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5211:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5171:
5170:
5166:
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5127:
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5120:
5116:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5062:
5060:
5053:The Japan Times
5047:
5046:
5042:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5012:
5005:Oxfam Australia
4999:
4998:
4994:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4932:
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4927:
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4910:
4909:
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4884:
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4879:
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4858:
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4853:
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4610:
4608:
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4518:
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4513:
4503:
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4465:
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4451:
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4435:
4427:
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4415:
4411:
4403:
4396:
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4387:
4377:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4247:
4245:
4238:"Water for All"
4236:
4235:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4184:
4183:
4179:
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4132:
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4127:
4117:
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4091:
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4079:
4075:
4065:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4010:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:Wayback Machine
3841:
3837:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3745:
3744:
3740:
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3728:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3584:10.2307/2761274
3572:Pacific Affairs
3565:
3564:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:Wayback Machine
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3291:
3289:
3273:
3271:
3255:
3253:
3237:
3235:
3219:
3217:
3201:
3199:
3183:
3181:
3168:
3166:
3153:
3151:
3138:
3136:
3123:
3121:
3108:
3106:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3076:
3063:
3061:
3048:
3046:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3016:
3000:
2998:
2968:
2966:
2950:
2948:
2932:
2930:
2914:
2912:
2896:
2894:
2878:
2876:
2860:
2858:
2842:
2840:
2824:
2822:
2806:
2804:
2791:
2789:
2773:
2771:
2755:
2753:
2740:
2738:
2722:
2720:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2687:
2671:
2669:
2653:
2651:
2635:
2633:
2617:
2615:
2599:
2597:
2581:
2579:
2563:
2561:
2555:Solomon Islands
2548:
2546:
2530:
2528:
2512:
2510:
2494:
2492:
2476:
2474:
2458:
2456:
2443:
2441:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2411:
2398:
2396:
2383:
2381:
2368:
2366:
2353:
2351:
2338:
2336:
2323:
2321:
2308:
2306:
2293:
2291:
2278:
2276:
2263:
2261:
2248:
2246:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2216:
2203:
2201:
2188:
2186:
2170:
2168:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2096:
2077:
2056:
2054:
2032:
2030:
2008:
2006:
1984:
1982:
1960:
1958:
1936:
1934:
1912:
1910:
1888:
1886:
1864:
1862:
1840:
1838:
1816:
1814:
1792:
1790:
1768:
1766:
1744:
1742:
1720:
1718:
1696:
1694:
1672:
1670:
1648:
1646:
1624:
1622:
1600:
1598:
1572:
1567:
1549:
1492:
1483:Solomon Islands
1419:
1410:
1398:gender equality
1377:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1244:
1242:
1205:
1203:
1166:
1164:
1127:
1125:
1088:
1086:
1049:
1047:
977:
941:
913:
908:
873:
847:avian influenza
835:
822:
798:Roxas Boulevard
774:
652:Hisato Ichimada
648:
643:
626:
624:
603:
601:
580:
578:
571:Haruhiko Kuroda
557:
555:
534:
532:
520:
504:
502:
490:
474:
472:
458:
442:
440:
428:
412:
410:
398:
382:
380:
356:
325:Haruhiko Kuroda
319:. He succeeded
297:Rodrigo Duterte
289:
232:
228:
226:
222:
197:
186:
179:(International)
165:
152:
142:
130:
76:
74:
71:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6790:
6788:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6719:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6670:United Kingdom
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6595:European Union
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6509:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6476:American Samoa
6472:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6334:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6284:
6278:
6276:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6087:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5925:
5912:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5868:
5863:
5861:Neocolonialism
5858:
5853:
5851:Decolonization
5847:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5731:Third Worldism
5725:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5700:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5507:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5474:
5473:External links
5471:
5470:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5413:
5380:
5373:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5344:
5335:
5326:
5306:Mainland China
5289:
5261:
5248:
5219:
5193:
5164:
5114:
5096:
5070:
5040:
5022:
4992:
4974:(4): 509–528.
4951:
4936:. Scoop News.
4925:
4903:
4877:
4851:
4821:
4790:
4760:
4730:
4700:
4674:
4648:
4618:
4592:
4566:
4541:
4511:
4485:
4459:
4433:
4409:
4385:
4359:
4333:
4307:
4281:
4255:
4229:
4203:
4177:
4151:
4125:
4099:
4073:
4047:
4023:
4008:
4002:. p. 70.
3984:
3977:
3957:
3950:
3930:
3885:
3859:
3835:
3818:
3790:
3764:
3738:
3712:
3689:"Shareholders"
3680:
3654:
3628:
3601:
3553:
3527:
3501:
3487:
3457:
3434:
3407:
3406:
3404:
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3389:
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3331:
3330:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3250:
3249:
3246:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3178:
3177:
3163:
3162:
3160:United Kingdom
3148:
3147:
3133:
3132:
3118:
3117:
3103:
3102:
3088:
3087:
3073:
3072:
3058:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3028:
3027:
3013:
3012:
3009:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2945:
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2941:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2891:
2890:
2887:
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2872:
2869:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2750:
2749:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2558:
2557:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2438:
2437:
2423:
2422:
2408:
2407:
2393:
2392:
2378:
2377:
2363:
2362:
2348:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2318:
2317:
2303:
2302:
2288:
2287:
2273:
2272:
2258:
2257:
2243:
2242:
2228:
2227:
2213:
2212:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2113:
2107:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:United Kingdom
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1548:
1545:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1393:climate change
1376:
1373:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
976:
973:
972:
971:
967:
963:
960:
956:
949:
940:
937:
929:climate change
912:
909:
907:
904:
872:
869:
834:
831:
821:
818:
806:Ortigas Center
773:
770:
663:Nobusuke Kishi
647:
644:
642:
639:
636:
635:
622:
619:
613:
612:
599:
596:
594:Takehiko Nakao
590:
589:
576:
573:
567:
566:
553:
550:
544:
543:
530:
527:
514:
513:
500:
497:
484:
483:
470:
467:
452:
451:
438:
435:
422:
421:
408:
405:
392:
391:
378:
375:
369:
368:
365:
362:
355:
352:
321:Takehiko Nakao
301:Takehiko Nakao
288:
285:
227:
221:
212:
211:
195:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
174:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
129:Region served
128:
125:
124:
112:6 ADB Avenue,
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6789:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6707:
6706:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6675:United States
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6519:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6467:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6435:New Caledonia
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6355:
6350:
6348:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6332:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Brandt Report
6280:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6267:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6200:African Union
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6135:Organizations
6132:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6091:Generic drugs
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6083:Public health
6080:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5893:Globalization
5891:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5866:Multipolarity
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5802:Worlds theory
5799:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5714:
5709:
5707:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5546:
5541:
5539:
5534:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5493:ADB Institute
5491:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5354:
5348:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5249:
5236:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5220:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5194:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5168:
5165:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4952:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4791:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4731:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4649:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4593:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4567:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4515:
4512:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4447:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4426:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4402:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4040:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3931:
3918:
3914:
3913:"ADB History"
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3791:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3697:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3515:
3511:
3510:"ADB History"
3505:
3502:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3317:
3312:
3301:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:United States
3165:
3164:
3161:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2120:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:United States
1618:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1573:(% of total)
1570:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
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1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1400:, education,
1399:
1394:
1390:
1387:and a severe
1386:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
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1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
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1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1124:
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1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1045:
1041:
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1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1002:
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993:
989:
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974:
968:
964:
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954:
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946:
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938:
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934:
930:
926:
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918:
910:
905:
903:
901:
896:
892:
890:
886:
881:
879:
870:
868:
866:
861:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:In 2003, the
839:
832:
830:
826:
819:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
788:
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769:
766:
764:
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748:
743:
740:
736:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
692:
691:South Vietnam
688:
682:
678:
676:
672:
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
645:
640:
634:
623:
621:2020–present
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
588:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
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554:
551:
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546:
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542:
531:
528:
524:
519:
516:
515:
512:
501:
498:
494:
489:
486:
485:
482:
471:
468:
464:
457:
456:Masao Fujioka
454:
453:
450:
439:
436:
432:
427:
424:
423:
420:
409:
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402:
397:
394:
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50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
6533:
6380:Cook Islands
6260:South Centre
6215:Colombo Plan
5970:
5825:Fourth World
5815:Second World
5739:Global South
5581:
5575:Asia-Pacific
5501:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5416:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5353:West Germany
5347:
5338:
5329:
5292:
5280:. Retrieved
5270:
5264:
5251:
5239:. Retrieved
5229:
5222:
5210:. Retrieved
5196:
5184:. Retrieved
5174:
5167:
5155:. Retrieved
5123:
5117:
5109:the original
5099:
5087:. Retrieved
5073:
5061:. Retrieved
5052:
5043:
5035:the original
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
5004:
4995:
4985:16 September
4983:. Retrieved
4971:
4967:
4954:
4942:. Retrieved
4928:
4916:. Retrieved
4906:
4894:. Retrieved
4880:
4868:. Retrieved
4854:
4842:. Retrieved
4833:
4824:
4812:. Retrieved
4803:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4763:
4751:. Retrieved
4742:
4733:
4721:. Retrieved
4717:the original
4712:
4703:
4691:. Retrieved
4677:
4665:. Retrieved
4651:
4639:. Retrieved
4630:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4569:
4557:. Retrieved
4544:
4532:. Retrieved
4523:
4514:
4502:. Retrieved
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4462:
4450:. Retrieved
4436:
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4362:
4350:. Retrieved
4336:
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4310:
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4272:. Retrieved
4258:
4246:. Retrieved
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4206:
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4180:
4168:. Retrieved
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4128:
4116:. Retrieved
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4050:
4026:
3994:
3987:
3967:
3960:
3940:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3876:. Retrieved
3862:
3838:
3821:
3811:10 September
3809:. Retrieved
3803:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3767:
3755:. Retrieved
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3696:the original
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3604:
3596:the original
3575:
3571:
3544:. Retrieved
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3466:
3460:
3452:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3411:
3362:Asia Council
3327:Banks portal
3187:
2867:Turkmenistan
2588:Cook Islands
2148:
2078:
1581:
1580:
1571:Voting power
1568:(% of total)
1550:
1541:
1526:
1507:
1496:
1493:
1411:
1378:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1350:Co-financing
1344:
994:
990:
986:
978:
942:
914:
897:
893:
882:
874:
862:
859:
840:
836:
827:
823:
795:
791:
783:
775:
767:
744:
741:
737:
729:
722:
695:
683:
679:
668:
649:
367:Nationality
336:Metro Manila
329:
314:
310:
306:
287:Organization
282:
274:
254:Metro Manila
241:
237:
235:
173:Affiliations
145:68 countries
141:Membership
134:Indo-Pacific
118:Metro Manila
109:Headquarters
93:Legal status
59:Abbreviation
29:
6650:South Korea
6640:Philippines
6530:Secretariat
6415:New Zealand
6271:North–South
6014:development
5839:Geopolitics
5820:Third World
5810:First World
5748:Development
5404:(e-ISBN),
5302:Taiwan Area
5241:10 December
5015:23 February
4944:27 November
4844:27 November
4814:27 November
4783:27 November
4723:27 November
4693:27 November
4667:27 November
4641:27 November
4611:14 December
4585:14 December
4504:14 December
4478:14 December
4452:14 December
4378:27 November
4326:27 November
4300:14 December
4274:14 December
4248:14 December
4222:14 December
4196:14 December
4170:14 December
4144:14 December
4118:14 December
4092:14 December
4082:"Education"
4066:14 December
3923:21 December
3878:26 November
3868:"Key Facts"
3731:26 November
3705:26 November
3621:26 November
3609:Anonymous.
3546:26 November
3520:26 November
3190:Switzerland
3115:Netherlands
2885:Timor-Leste
2390:South Korea
2345:Philippines
2315:New Zealand
2039:Netherlands
1967:New Zealand
1847:Philippines
1775:South Korea
1529:food crisis
1512:'s Mae Moh
1462:Philippines
1423:Afghanistan
1396:a focus on
1389:food crisis
1251:Philippines
981:soft" loans
939:Focus areas
812:, with the
772:1970s–1980s
763:Philippines
759:South Korea
732:Eisaku Satō
548:Tadao Chino
521: [
518:Mitsuo Sato
491: [
459: [
429: [
399: [
396:Shiro Inoue
340:Philippines
332:Mandaluyong
258:Philippines
250:Mandaluyong
122:Philippines
114:Mandaluyong
6721:Categories
6559:World Bank
6507:East Timor
6405:Micronesia
6309:Fair trade
6297:World Bank
6137:and groups
6096:biosimilar
5886:Durban III
5296:Joined as
5255:Joined as
5081:. rfi.fr.
4896:24 January
4870:24 January
4753:21 January
4743:Bid Detail
4575:"Overview"
4352:12 January
4018:1332788951
3757:24 January
3427:2 December
3403:References
3397:World Bank
3280:Luxembourg
2849:Azerbaijan
2831:Tajikistan
2813:Uzbekistan
2798:Kyrgyzstan
2780:Kazakhstan
2642:Bangladesh
2063:Bangladesh
1533:deregulate
1402:healthcare
1212:Bangladesh
1039:$ million
1033:$ million
1027:$ million
1021:$ million
975:Financings
931:or better
878:income gap
810:Pasig City
802:Pasay City
787:Bangladesh
714:Phnom Penh
675:World Bank
598:2013–2020
575:2005–2013
552:1999–2005
529:1993–1999
499:1989–1993
469:1981–1989
437:1976–1981
407:1972–1976
377:1966–1972
344:Washington
277:World Bank
164:Main organ
77:1966-12-19
6645:Singapore
6615:Indonesia
6500:Observers
6375:Australia
6108:criticism
6012:Trade and
5881:Durban II
5658:Worldwide
5429:(print),
5396:(print),
5202:"Members"
5144:243528302
4685:. Devex.
4659:. Devex.
2465:Hong Kong
2405:Sri Lanka
2375:Singapore
2240:Indonesia
2195:Australia
1727:Indonesia
1703:Australia
1537:privatize
1490:Criticism
1444:Indonesia
1173:Indonesia
779:oil price
747:Indonesia
151:President
67:Formation
6684:Meetings
6660:Thailand
6630:Malaysia
6395:Kiribati
5981:BancoSur
5876:Durban I
5856:Cold War
5632:Americas
5318:Archived
5282:28 March
5276:Archived
5235:Archived
5212:28 March
5206:Archived
5186:21 April
5180:Archived
5148:Archived
5083:Archived
5057:Archived
5009:Archived
4976:Archived
4938:Archived
4890:Archived
4864:Archived
4838:Archived
4808:Archived
4777:Archived
4747:Archived
4687:Archived
4661:Archived
4635:Archived
4605:Archived
4579:Archived
4534:23 March
4528:Archived
4498:Archived
4472:Archived
4446:Archived
4425:Archived
4401:Archived
4372:Archived
4346:Archived
4320:Archived
4294:Archived
4268:Archived
4242:Archived
4216:Archived
4212:"Energy"
4190:Archived
4164:Archived
4138:Archived
4112:Archived
4086:Archived
4060:Archived
4039:Archived
3917:Archived
3872:Archived
3847:Archived
3827:Contacts
3783:29 April
3777:Archived
3751:Archived
3725:Archived
3673:28 April
3667:Archived
3647:28 April
3641:Archived
3615:Archived
3540:Archived
3514:Archived
3445:Archived
3421:Archived
3313:See also
3262:Portugal
2729:Mongolia
2606:Maldives
2570:Kiribati
2435:Thailand
2330:Pakistan
2285:Malaysia
2210:Cambodia
1991:Thailand
1895:Pakistan
1823:Malaysia
1590:100.000
1510:Thailand
1456:Mongolia
1134:Pakistan
851:Maldives
761:and the
755:Malaysia
751:Thailand
633:Japanese
610:Japanese
587:Japanese
564:Japanese
541:Japanese
511:Japanese
481:Japanese
462:Wikidata
449:Japanese
419:Japanese
389:Japanese
6605:Germany
6486:Tokelau
6460:Vanuatu
6368:Members
5949:Finance
5775:Markets
5157:9 April
4559:1 April
4494:"Funds"
3855:Archive
3831:Archive
3592:2761274
3494:1 April
3453:adb.org
3298:Ireland
3085:Germany
3070:Finland
3055:Denmark
3025:Belgium
3007:Austria
2957:Georgia
2921:Armenia
2624:Vanuatu
2450:Vietnam
2094:Members
2087:22.832
1799:Germany
1638:12.751
1614:12.751
1587:100.000
1563:Country
1429:Armenia
1313:102,470
1004:Country
948:growth.
889:Myanmar
885:Myanmar
702:Colombo
698:Bangkok
641:History
244:) is a
194:Website
185:Staff
101:Purpose
75: (
6665:Turkey
6635:Norway
6600:France
6575:Canada
6455:Tuvalu
6273:divide
5920:BASIC
5601:Europe
5559:Africa
5433:
5425:
5408:
5400:
5392:
5142:
5089:28 May
5063:28 May
4918:30 May
4773:Antara
4368:"FAQs"
4016:
4006:
3975:
3948:
3590:
3485:
3353:(AIIB)
3347:(ADBI)
3295:
3277:
3259:
3244:Turkey
3241:
3223:
3208:France
3205:
3172:
3157:
3145:Sweden
3142:
3130:Norway
3127:
3112:
3097:
3082:
3067:
3052:
3040:Canada
3037:
3022:
3004:
2972:
2954:
2936:
2918:
2900:
2882:
2864:
2846:
2828:
2810:
2795:
2777:
2762:Tuvalu
2759:
2744:
2726:
2711:
2693:
2675:
2660:Bhutan
2657:
2639:
2621:
2603:
2585:
2567:
2552:
2534:
2516:
2498:
2480:
2462:
2447:
2432:
2420:Taiwan
2417:
2402:
2387:
2372:
2357:
2342:
2327:
2312:
2282:
2267:
2252:
2237:
2222:
2207:
2192:
2174:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2115:
2109:
2084:10.894
2070:1.109
2060:
2046:1.113
2036:
2022:1.164
2015:Taiwan
2012:
1998:1.381
1988:
1974:1.520
1964:
1950:1.737
1940:
1926:1.924
1916:
1902:2.033
1892:
1878:2.152
1871:France
1868:
1854:2.196
1844:
1830:2.468
1820:
1806:3.747
1796:
1782:4.315
1772:
1758:4.469
1751:Canada
1748:
1734:4.641
1724:
1710:4.913
1700:
1686:5.347
1676:
1662:5.437
1652:
1635:15.571
1628:
1611:15.571
1604:
1435:Bhutan
1334:100.0
1331:58,106
1325:62,983
1319:96,577
1302:12,486
1296:14,831
1290:36,519
1284:38,998
1281:Others
1248:
1209:
1177:10,356
1170:
1144:10,975
1138:10,818
1131:
1117:12,916
1111:13,331
1105:14,720
1099:16,115
1092:
1078:14,646
1072:15,615
1066:16,284
1060:17,015
1053:
923:, and
718:Tehran
710:Manila
630:
607:
584:
561:
538:
508:
478:
446:
416:
386:
364:Dates
348:Sydney
256:1550,
229:
223:
120:1550,
96:Treaty
6655:Spain
6625:Japan
6620:Italy
6610:India
6585:China
6580:Chile
6450:Tonga
6440:Samoa
6425:Palau
6410:Nauru
5928:BRIC
5908:BRICS
5311:China
5151:(PDF)
5140:S2CID
5128:(PDF)
4979:(PDF)
4964:(PDF)
4553:(PDF)
4428:(PDF)
4421:(PDF)
4404:(PDF)
4397:(PDF)
4042:(PDF)
4035:(PDF)
3699:(PDF)
3692:(PDF)
3588:JSTOR
3471:(PDF)
3302:2006
3284:2003
3266:2002
3248:1991
3230:1986
3226:Spain
3212:1970
3194:1967
3100:Italy
3011:1966
2979:2019
2961:2007
2943:2006
2925:2005
2907:2003
2903:Palau
2889:2002
2871:2000
2853:1999
2835:1998
2817:1995
2784:1994
2766:1993
2747:Nauru
2733:1991
2700:1990
2682:1986
2678:China
2664:1982
2646:1973
2628:1981
2610:1978
2592:1976
2574:1974
2541:1973
2537:Burma
2523:1972
2519:Tonga
2505:1971
2487:1970
2469:1969
2360:Samoa
2300:Nepal
2255:Japan
2225:India
2181:1966
2067:1.019
2043:1.023
2019:1.087
1995:1.358
1971:1.532
1947:1.803
1943:Italy
1923:2.038
1899:2.174
1875:2.322
1851:2.377
1827:2.717
1803:4.316
1779:5.026
1755:5.219
1731:5.434
1707:5.773
1683:6.317
1679:India
1659:6.429
1655:China
1607:Japan
1582:World
1498:Oxfam
1328:100.0
1322:100.0
1316:100.0
1310:Total
1305:21.6
1273:5,525
1267:5,935
1222:8,685
1216:9,169
1198:14.1
1195:8,214
1189:8,700
1183:9,393
1156:4,319
1150:4,570
1120:22.2
1095:India
1081:25.2
1056:China
1016:2015
871:2010s
833:2000s
820:1990s
706:Kabul
646:1960s
525:]
495:]
465:]
433:]
403:]
361:Name
189:3,769
6696:51st
6691:45th
6590:Cuba
6481:Guam
6420:Niue
6385:Fiji
6185:G-90
6180:G-11
6170:G-24
6155:G-15
6150:G-77
5956:Debt
5729:and
5431:ISBN
5423:ISBN
5406:ISBN
5398:ISBN
5390:ISBN
5284:2012
5243:2007
5214:2012
5188:2015
5159:2023
5091:2010
5065:2010
5017:2008
4987:2010
4946:2015
4920:2024
4898:2022
4872:2022
4846:2015
4816:2015
4785:2015
4755:2023
4725:2015
4695:2015
4669:2015
4643:2015
4613:2015
4587:2015
4561:2024
4536:2020
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