1300:
1721:
1163:
1284:
automates operations like ploughing, seeding, fertilizing, milking, feeding, and irrigating, thereby significantly reducing manual labor. With the advent of digital automation technologies, it has become possible to automate diagnosis and decision-making. For instance, autonomous crop robots can harvest and seed crops, and drones can collect information to help automate input applications. Tractors, on the other hand, can be transformed into automated vehicles that can sow fields independently. < ref name= ":1"/>
54:
993:
1680:
687:
1339:, an open source library with open data sets for climate recipes which link the phenotype response of plants (taste, nutrition) to environmental variables, biological, genetic and resource-related necessary for cultivation (input). Plants with the same genetics can naturally vary in color, size, texture, growth rate, yield, flavor, and nutrient density according to the environmental conditions in which they are produced.
1115:
31:
2915:
2927:
827:
1291:(USDA) revealed that over 50% of corn, cotton, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat in the United States is planted using automated guidance systems. These systems, which utilize technology to autonomously steer farm equipment, only require supervision from a farmer. This is a clear example of how agricultural automation is being implemented in real-world farming scenarios.
2951:
2939:
774:. While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.
1242:
2224:
1318:
The Open Source
Agriculture movement counts different initiatives and organizations such as Farm Labs which is a network in Europe, l'Atelier Paysan which is a cooperative to teach farmers in France how to build and repair their tools, and Ekylibre which is an open-source company to provide farmers
1283:
The technological evolution in agriculture has been a journey from manual tools to animal traction, then to motorized mechanization, and further to digital equipment. This progression has culminated in the use of robotics with artificial intelligence (AI). Motorized mechanization, for instance,
1249:
The basic technology of agricultural machines has changed little in the last century. Though modern harvesters and planters may do a better job or be slightly tweaked from their predecessors, the combine of today still cuts, threshes, and separates grain in the same way it has always been done.
1279:
defines agricultural automation as the use of machinery and equipment in agricultural operations to improve their diagnosis, decision-making, or performance, reducing the drudgery of agricultural work and improving the timeliness, and potentially the precision, of agricultural operations.
1335:, an educational project to create a "controlled environment agriculture technology platform that uses robotic systems to control and monitor climate, energy, and plant growth inside of a specialized growing chamber". It includes the development of
1258:
locators and self-steer programs allow the most advanced tractors and implements to be more precise and less wasteful in the use of fuel, seed, or fertilizer. In the foreseeable future, there may be mass production of
1331:
seeks to foster "the creation of an open-source ecosystem of technologies that enable and promote transparency, networked experimentation, education, and hyper-local production". It develops the
1311:
law to prevent farmers from having the legal right to fix their equipment (or gain access to the information to allow them to do it). In
October 2015 an exemption was added to the
2214:
1795:
1930:
2900:
2555:
2518:
608:
568:
86:
1478:
2251:
770:
Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and
2868:
2812:
670:
1288:
928:
and thresher, or the combine harvester (also shortened to 'combine'). Instead of cutting the grain stalks and transporting them to a stationary
1007:
is a machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops. The name derives from its combining four separate harvesting operations—
1897:
1780:
715:
2955:
2770:
1563:
2800:
1443:
1835:
1513:
1276:
1735:
In Brief to The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 – Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems
1193:
quickly and in high volumes to large areas of land. Similar types of equipment such as agriculture sprayers can be used to deliver
1945:
1307:
Many farmers are upset by their inability to fix the new types of high-tech farm equipment. This is due mostly to companies using
2981:
2244:
1299:
2976:
2848:
2833:
2828:
2605:
1703:
1685:
650:
635:
630:
136:
2895:
2890:
2838:
2585:
1693:
1209:
744:
640:
603:
598:
116:
2182:
1881:
In brief to The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 − Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems
900:
pull. The slow speed of steam-powered machines led farmers to comment that tractors had two speeds: "slow, and damn slow".
2570:
2281:
101:
2590:
2565:
121:
96:
2575:
2237:
1720:
1336:
1332:
1328:
106:
34:
From left to right: John Deere 7800 tractor with Houle slurry trailer, Case IH combine harvester, New
Holland FX 25
2615:
2550:
2377:
909:
427:
146:
81:
1315:
to allow inspection and modification of the software in cars and other vehicles including agricultural machinery.
2352:
1368:
708:
402:
1971:
1851:
1162:
2863:
2449:
2362:
2347:
2302:
2215:
Hay
Harvesting in the 1940s instructional films, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Library
1084:
977:
665:
499:
412:
397:
335:
261:
1764:
The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 − Leveraging agricultural automation for transforming agrifood systems
924:
for the next generation of tractors. These engines also contributed to the development of the self-propelled
2790:
2513:
2508:
2399:
2367:
1729:
1650:
1518:
953:
889:
563:
558:
449:
417:
53:
2858:
2843:
2785:
2780:
2535:
2466:
2459:
2276:
2271:
2006:
Exemption to
Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies
1698:
1635:
1553:
764:
660:
645:
516:
509:
271:
63:
1919:. Integrated Crop Management No. 24. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
2674:
2454:
1453:
1320:
1308:
1236:
932:, these combines cut, threshed, and separated the grain while moving continuously throughout the field.
791:
and the development of more complicated machines, farming methods took a great leap forward. Instead of
788:
504:
330:
266:
239:
2021:"This is the Beginning of a network of open laboratories for agricultural research and experimentation"
2919:
2755:
2545:
2404:
2357:
2134:
1468:
732:
701:
454:
407:
76:
2158:
992:
2372:
1665:
1588:
1508:
1232:
849:
422:
2926:
1613:
2986:
2931:
2853:
2679:
2595:
1924:
1708:
1645:
1528:
1498:
1393:
1260:
1095:, which put out much more seed in rows less than a foot apart, blanketing the field with crops.
771:
691:
655:
244:
126:
2007:
1916:
Agriculture 4.0 – Agricultural robotics and automated equipment for sustainable crop production
2523:
2496:
2444:
2414:
2092:
1893:
1831:
1776:
1533:
1488:
1473:
1428:
1408:
1383:
1363:
1087:, and spaces seeds out equally in long rows, which are usually two to three feet apart. Some
1004:
929:
925:
897:
885:
831:
811:
573:
546:
494:
464:
313:
256:
219:
2760:
2718:
2610:
2501:
2409:
2394:
2082:
1885:
1810:
1768:
1655:
1630:
869:
551:
459:
444:
182:
141:
35:
1989:
1438:
2735:
2471:
1538:
1503:
1493:
1418:
921:
861:
857:
841:
760:
521:
293:
278:
214:
197:
2943:
2691:
1625:
1403:
1114:
320:
30:
17:
2970:
2885:
2750:
2708:
2654:
2476:
2297:
1660:
1640:
1568:
1558:
1324:
1216:, such as for transporting crops and making equipment mobile, to aerial spraying and
1104:
917:
913:
593:
526:
308:
209:
202:
1204:
Besides the tractor, other vehicles have been adapted for use in farming, including
2805:
2664:
2639:
2481:
2439:
2384:
2342:
1914:
1725:
1154:, and insecticides. Spraying or planting a cover crop are ways to mix weed growth.
1146:. Agriculture sprayer application is a method to protect crops from weeds by using
1119:
1096:
873:
531:
489:
434:
392:
349:
325:
826:
2190:
1946:"Solar Storm Knocks Out Farmers' Tractor GPS Systems During Peak Planting Season"
818:
from the heads and stalks. The first tractors appeared in the late 19th century.
2795:
2730:
2713:
2686:
2659:
2644:
2620:
2491:
2332:
2260:
1458:
1092:
1088:
981:
853:
740:
541:
367:
357:
298:
283:
192:
177:
151:
45:
2486:
2434:
2429:
2312:
1675:
1543:
1448:
1413:
1213:
1205:
1194:
1182:
1139:
1068:
997:
973:
893:
892:
were low-powered by today's standards but because of their size and their low
792:
752:
536:
484:
479:
372:
362:
251:
229:
224:
2096:
1884:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022.
1767:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022.
1250:
However, technology is changing the way that humans operate the machines, as
2696:
2424:
1950:
1598:
1578:
1548:
1217:
1198:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1123:
1020:
1012:
807:
759:
and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both
748:
474:
2079:
Techniques & Culture. Revue semestrielle d'anthropologie des techniques
767:, agricultural machinery is an indispensable part of how the world is fed.
2074:
2389:
1608:
1573:
1483:
1378:
1251:
1107:, plastic mulch layers, transplanters, and seeders lay down long rows of
1100:
1072:
980:
than formerly, with offset disks used instead to turn over the soil, and
439:
2075:"L'agriculture libre. Les outils agricoles à l'épreuve de l'open source"
2745:
2701:
2669:
1388:
1178:
1135:
1108:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1016:
957:
945:
756:
288:
234:
956:—machines that till the ground, plant seeds, and perform other tasks.
2723:
2649:
2317:
2307:
1889:
1772:
1593:
1583:
1523:
1463:
1358:
1040:
1023:—into a single process. Among the crops harvested with a combine are
1008:
881:
865:
795:
187:
2087:
1134:
After planting, other agricultural machinery such as self-propelled
2225:
Economic
Situation of the agricultural machinery sector—VDMA Report
1879:
1762:
1733:
2740:
2045:
1603:
1433:
1423:
1398:
1373:
1190:
1174:
1161:
1113:
1048:
1044:
1024:
991:
835:
803:
799:
303:
29:
2631:
2419:
1353:
1312:
1220:
1186:
1060:
1028:
969:
965:
961:
949:
877:
815:
736:
469:
169:
2233:
1241:
2229:
1264:
1255:
1171:
1036:
1032:
2220:
Worldwide
Agricultural Machinery and Farm Equipment Directory
1277:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
2219:
2008:
http://copyright.gov/1201/2015/fedreg-publicinspectionFR.pdf
1990:"We Can't Let John Deere Destroy the Very Idea of Ownership"
884:
that could power stationary machines via the use of a long
845:
1323:) to manage farming operations. In the United States, the
1972:"New High-Tech Farm Equipment Is a Nightmare for Farmers"
1303:
A self-propelled Apache Sprayer by Equipment Technologies
2110:
2020:
763:
and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of
844:
for agricultural machinery was originally supplied by
972:, the ancient implement that was upgraded in 1838 by
2877:
2821:
2769:
2630:
2534:
2331:
2290:
1181:into a storable form for the winter months. Modern
984:used to gain the depth needed to retain moisture.
868:source that was the ground-crawling cousin to the
2135:"Group Overview ‹ Open Agriculture (OpenAg)"
1828:Combine harvesters: theory, modeling, and design
964:for planting by loosening the soil and killing
2159:"Project Overview ‹ Open Phenome Project"
27:Machinery used in farming or other agriculture
2245:
2073:Chance, Quentin; Meyer, Morgan (2017-06-06).
976:. Plows are now used less frequently in the
709:
8:
1929:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1724: This article incorporates text from a
968:or competing plants. The best-known is the
806:machines cut a continuous swath. Instead of
1913:Santos Valle, S. & Kienzle, J. (2020).
1830:. Boca Raton; London; New York: CRC Press.
1083:The most common type of seeder is called a
2252:
2238:
2230:
1103:to the field. With the widespread use of
1000:cotton harvester at work in a cotton field
716:
702:
41:
2086:
1298:
1240:
1177:can be used to tightly package grass or
1166:Farmer on a hay harvester in Switzerland
1111:, and plant through them automatically.
825:
1747:
1289:United States Department of Agriculture
1158:Balers and other agriculture implements
44:
1922:
2068:
2066:
1319:in France with open source software (
810:the grain by beating it with sticks,
7:
2938:
1874:
1872:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1728:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
1245:A New Holland TR85 combine harvester
948:do the majority of work on a modern
876:took over the heavy pulling work of
2950:
1852:"How to Manage Prevent Plant Weeds"
1189:and other specialized gear provide
1099:automate the task of transplanting
2801:Environmental impact of irrigation
1295:Open source agricultural equipment
25:
1514:Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery
2949:
2937:
2925:
2914:
2913:
1719:
1678:
880:, and were also equipped with a
685:
52:
2869:Agriculture and the environment
2606:British Agricultural Revolution
2183:"recipe:start [OpenAg]"
1704:Agricultural machinery industry
1686:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
735:structures and devices used in
671:Agriculture and the environment
137:British Agricultural Revolution
2813:Climate change and agriculture
2586:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1694:List of agricultural machinery
1185:relies on machinery. Engines,
952:. They are used to push/pull
117:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1:
1944:Koebler, Jason (2024-05-12).
1227:New technology and the future
896:, they could provide a large
2591:Arab Agricultural Revolution
1730:license statement/permission
936:Agricultural machinery types
920:; became the main source of
745:many types of such equipment
122:Arab Agricultural Revolution
2081:(in French) (67): 236–239.
1329:Open Agriculture Initiative
904:Internal combustion engines
3003:
2551:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
1230:
910:internal combustion engine
82:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
2910:
2901:Universities and colleges
2519:Universities and colleges
2324:
2267:
2187:wiki.openag.media.mit.edu
1815:Retrieved 2012-12-25.
1800:Retrieved 2012-12-25.
1369:Algerian Tractors Company
864:, a multipurpose, mobile
852:. With the invention of
783:The Industrial Revolution
609:Universities and colleges
569:Universities and colleges
2886:Agriculturist profession
2363:Agricultural engineering
2348:Agricultural cooperative
1796:Agricultural engineering
1267:and electronic sensors.
594:Agriculturist profession
413:Agricultural engineering
398:Agricultural cooperative
2982:Agricultural technology
2791:Agricultural wastewater
2514:Sustainable food system
2509:Sustainable agriculture
2400:Animal-free agriculture
2368:Agricultural technology
1651:International Harvester
1519:New Holland Agriculture
1271:Agricultural automation
960:implements prepare the
787:With the coming of the
564:Sustainable food system
559:Sustainable agriculture
450:Animal-free agriculture
418:Agricultural technology
2977:Agricultural machinery
2891:Agricultural machinery
2849:History of agriculture
2834:Agriculture by country
2829:Agricultural machinery
2786:Agricultural pollution
2781:Agricultural expansion
2556:Austronesian expansion
2467:Mechanised agriculture
1826:Miu, Petre I. (2016).
1699:Mechanised agriculture
1636:Ferguson-Brown Company
1333:Personal Food Computer
1304:
1246:
1167:
1126:
1001:
890:steam-powered machines
838:
765:mechanised agriculture
729:Agricultural machinery
692:Agriculture portal
651:History of agriculture
636:Agriculture by country
631:Agricultural machinery
599:Agricultural machinery
517:Mechanised agriculture
87:Austronesian expansion
39:
18:Agricultural equipment
2896:Government ministries
2839:Agriculture companies
2675:Convertible husbandry
2353:Agricultural supplies
2303:Agricultural Engineer
1454:Kharkiv Tractor Plant
1309:intellectual property
1302:
1287:A 2023 report by the
1244:
1237:Precision agriculture
1165:
1138:can be used to apply
1117:
995:
829:
798:by hand with a sharp
789:Industrial Revolution
772:agricultural robotics
641:Agriculture companies
604:Government ministries
403:Agricultural supplies
240:Convertible husbandry
33:
2546:Neolithic Revolution
2405:Cellular agriculture
2358:Agricultural science
1469:Lamborghini Trattori
1254:monitoring systems,
850:domesticated animals
455:Cellular agriculture
408:Agricultural science
77:Neolithic Revolution
1813:Britannica Online.
1798:Britannica Online.
1732:). Text taken from
1666:Renault Agriculture
1509:Minsk Tractor Works
1394:Challenger Tractors
1261:driverless tractors
1233:Digital agriculture
336:Steam sterilization
2680:Rotational grazing
2596:Columbian exchange
2046:"L'Atelier Paysan"
1856:Successful Farming
1709:Agricultural robot
1499:McCormick Tractors
1305:
1247:
1168:
1127:
1002:
839:
812:threshing machines
245:Rotational grazing
127:Columbian exchange
40:
2964:
2963:
2524:Urban agriculture
2497:Rice-duck farming
2445:Intensive farming
2415:Extensive farming
2044:Gaillard, Chris.
1899:978-92-5-137005-6
1811:Tractor (vehicle)
1782:978-92-5-136043-9
1534:Sonalika Tractors
1489:Mahindra Tractors
1384:Carraro Agritalia
1364:Al-Ghazi Tractors
930:threshing machine
926:combine harvester
832:combine harvester
726:
725:
574:Urban agriculture
547:Rice-duck farming
495:Intensive farming
465:Extensive farming
16:(Redirected from
2994:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2761:Wildlife farming
2611:Green Revolution
2562:Ancient history
2502:Rice-fish system
2410:Contract farming
2395:Animal husbandry
2254:
2247:
2240:
2231:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2189:. Archived from
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2050:L’Atelier Paysan
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1890:10.4060/cc2459en
1876:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1773:10.4060/cb9479en
1759:
1723:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1656:Leyland Tractors
1631:Case Corporation
1263:, which use GPS
872:. Agricultural
870:steam locomotive
860:, and later the
718:
711:
704:
690:
689:
688:
552:Rice-fish system
460:Contract farming
445:Animal husbandry
183:Animal husbandry
142:Green Revolution
93:Ancient history
56:
42:
36:forage harvester
21:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2873:
2864:Poultry farming
2817:
2772:
2765:
2736:Poultry farming
2626:
2602:Modern history
2582:Post-classical
2530:
2529:
2528:
2472:Organic farming
2327:
2326:
2322:
2286:
2263:
2258:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2196:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2088:10.4000/tc.8534
2072:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1744:
1738:, FAO, FAO.
1717:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1622:
1504:Millat Tractors
1494:Massey Ferguson
1419:Escorts Limited
1350:
1345:
1297:
1273:
1239:
1231:Main articles:
1229:
1160:
1132:
1091:are planted by
1081:
990:
943:
938:
906:
862:traction engine
858:portable engine
824:
785:
780:
731:relates to the
722:
686:
684:
679:
678:
677:
676:
675:
666:Poultry farming
623:
615:
614:
613:
588:
580:
579:
578:
522:Organic farming
387:
379:
378:
377:
352:
342:
341:
340:
172:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
133:Modern history
113:Post-classical
66:
38:with corn head.
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2694:
2692:Insect farming
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2571:Ancient Greece
2568:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2209:External links
2207:
2204:
2203:
2174:
2150:
2126:
2102:
2062:
2036:
2019:farmlabs.org.
2011:
1999:
1981:
1963:
1936:
1905:
1898:
1868:
1843:
1836:
1818:
1803:
1788:
1781:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:Allis-Chalmers
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1404:CNH Industrial
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1296:
1293:
1272:
1269:
1228:
1225:
1170:Planting crop
1159:
1156:
1131:
1128:
1080:
1077:
989:
986:
942:
939:
937:
934:
918:diesel engines
905:
902:
823:
820:
814:separated the
784:
781:
779:
776:
724:
723:
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
695:
694:
681:
680:
674:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
626:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
555:
554:
549:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
431:
430:
425:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
354:
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
321:Slash-and-burn
318:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
275:
274:
269:
264:
254:
249:
248:
247:
242:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
180:
174:
173:
168:
167:
164:
163:
157:
156:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
131:
130:
129:
124:
119:
111:
110:
109:
104:
102:Ancient Greece
99:
91:
90:
89:
84:
79:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
61:
58:
57:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2958:
2957:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:Meat industry
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Biotechnology
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2771:Environmental
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Sheep farming
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:Dairy farming
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:Farming Types
2629:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:Ancient Egypt
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Paludiculture
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2378:Biotechnology
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Agriculturist
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2193:on 2019-07-20
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2164:
2163:MIT Media Lab
2160:
2154:
2151:
2140:
2139:MIT Media Lab
2136:
2130:
2127:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1996:. 2015-04-21.
1995:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1978:. 2015-02-05.
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1837:9781482282375
1833:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:Massey-Harris
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:Fiat Trattori
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1343:Manufacturers
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:MIT Media Lab
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:plastic mulch
1102:
1098:
1097:Transplanters
1094:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
994:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
935:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:petrol engine
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:steam engines
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
837:
833:
828:
821:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
794:
790:
782:
777:
775:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
719:
714:
712:
707:
705:
700:
699:
697:
696:
693:
683:
682:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:Meat industry
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
646:Biotechnology
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
619:
618:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
584:
583:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
553:
550:
548:
545:
544:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:Paludiculture
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
429:
428:Biotechnology
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
383:
382:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
346:
345:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:Sharecropping
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
253:
250:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
171:
166:
165:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
132:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
97:Ancient Egypt
95:
94:
92:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
72:
71:
65:
60:
59:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
37:
32:
19:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2806:Overdrafting
2665:Goat farming
2576:Ancient Rome
2482:Permaculture
2440:Horticulture
2385:Agroforestry
2343:Agribusiness
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2186:
2177:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:
2129:
2118:. Retrieved
2115:ekylibre.com
2114:
2105:
2078:
2054:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:
2028:. Retrieved
2025:farmlabs.org
2024:
2014:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1955:. Retrieved
1949:
1939:
1915:
1908:
1880:
1860:. Retrieved
1858:. 2019-12-06
1855:
1846:
1827:
1821:
1806:
1791:
1763:
1734:
1726:free content
1718:
1614:Balwaan Agri
1317:
1306:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1248:
1223:management.
1203:
1169:
1133:
1120:crop sprayer
1082:
1003:
944:
916:, and later
912:; first the
907:
840:
786:
769:
743:. There are
728:
727:
532:Permaculture
490:Horticulture
435:Agroforestry
393:Agribusiness
350:Hydroculture
326:Smallholding
314:
107:Ancient Rome
2956:Wikiproject
2796:Overgrazing
2731:Pig farming
2714:Paddy field
2687:Hydroponics
2660:Fur farming
2645:Aquaculture
2640:Agrivoltaic
2621:Monoculture
2542:Prehistory
2492:Polyculture
2313:Farm worker
2291:Occupations
2261:Agriculture
2052:(in French)
1459:Kirov Plant
1337:Open Phenom
1214:helicopters
1195:fertilizers
894:gear ratios
854:steam power
822:Steam power
753:power tools
741:agriculture
542:Polyculture
368:Hydroponics
358:Aquaculture
299:Paddy field
284:Monoculture
178:Agrivoltaic
152:Monoculture
73:Prehistory
46:Agriculture
2971:Categories
2822:Categories
2487:Plantation
2435:Free range
2430:Feed ratio
2197:2019-07-20
2168:2019-07-20
2144:2019-07-20
2120:2019-07-20
2111:"Ekylibre"
2056:2019-07-20
2030:2019-07-20
1957:2024-05-13
1862:2020-08-13
1742:References
1544:SAS Motors
1449:John Deere
1414:Deutz-Fahr
1199:pesticides
1183:irrigation
1152:fungicides
1148:herbicides
1144:pesticides
1140:fertilizer
1118:A British
1069:sunflowers
998:John Deere
974:John Deere
954:implements
848:or other
793:harvesting
749:hand tools
733:mechanical
622:Categories
537:Plantation
485:Free range
480:Feed ratio
373:Aeroponics
363:Aquaponics
230:Free-range
225:Fertilizer
2987:Machinery
2854:Livestock
2697:Livestock
2425:Farmhouse
2097:0248-6016
1951:404 Media
1925:cite book
1599:YTO Group
1589:Versatile
1579:Valpadana
1549:SDF Group
1218:livestock
1210:airplanes
1124:Lite-Trac
1101:seedlings
1021:winnowing
1017:gathering
1013:threshing
856:came the
830:A German
808:threshing
739:or other
656:Livestock
475:Farmhouse
257:Intensive
220:Extensive
2920:Category
2746:Orchards
2719:Pastoral
2390:Agronomy
1672:See also
1609:Zoomlion
1574:Ursus SA
1529:Shibaura
1484:LS Mtron
1379:ARGO SpA
1252:computer
1136:sprayers
1130:Sprayers
1079:Planters
1073:rapeseed
1057:soybeans
988:Combines
946:Tractors
941:Tractors
757:tractors
440:Agronomy
304:Ranching
2944:Commons
2756:Terrace
2702:Pasture
2670:Grazing
2616:Organic
2536:History
2450:animals
2373:Digital
2333:General
2277:History
2272:Outline
1715:Sources
1479:Lindner
1474:Landini
1429:Goldoni
1409:Daedong
1389:Case IH
1179:alfalfa
1109:plastic
1085:planter
1065:linseed
1053:sorghum
1009:reaping
1005:Combine
982:chisels
958:Tillage
898:drawbar
804:wheeled
778:History
761:organic
747:, from
737:farming
500:animals
423:Digital
386:Related
331:Terrace
315:Colonia
294:Organic
289:Orchard
279:Natural
262:animals
235:Grazing
215:Dryland
198:poultry
170:On land
147:Organic
64:History
2932:Portal
2773:impact
2724:Bocage
2650:Cattle
2318:Herder
2308:Farmer
2095:
1896:
1834:
1779:
1620:Former
1594:Yanmar
1584:Valtra
1524:Pronar
1464:Kubota
1359:Agrale
1348:Active
1212:, and
1206:trucks
1175:balers
1093:drills
1041:barley
1019:, and
888:. The
882:pulley
866:energy
188:cattle
2878:Lists
2741:Ranch
2709:Mixed
2460:crops
2282:Index
1994:Wired
1976:Wired
1604:Zetor
1559:Steyr
1554:Stara
1439:Jacto
1434:Iseki
1424:Fendt
1399:Claas
1374:Arbos
1191:water
1187:pumps
1089:crops
1049:maize
1025:wheat
966:weeds
922:power
842:Power
836:Claas
816:seeds
800:blade
796:grain
587:Lists
510:crops
272:crops
252:Hobby
210:Dairy
203:sheep
2455:pigs
2420:Farm
2093:ISSN
1931:link
1894:ISBN
1832:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1646:Ford
1564:TAFE
1539:SAME
1354:AGCO
1321:SaaS
1313:DMCA
1275:The
1265:maps
1235:and
1221:herd
1197:and
1142:and
1071:and
1061:flax
1045:corn
1033:oats
1029:rice
978:U.S.
970:plow
962:soil
950:farm
908:The
886:belt
878:oxen
751:and
505:pigs
470:Farm
267:pigs
193:pigs
2083:doi
1886:doi
1769:doi
1569:TYM
1444:JCB
1327:'s
1256:GPS
1172:hay
1122:by
1067:),
1051:),
1037:rye
834:by
755:to
2973::
2185:.
2161:.
2137:.
2113:.
2091:.
2077:.
2065:^
2048:.
2023:.
1992:.
1974:.
1948:.
1927:}}
1923:{{
1892:.
1871:^
1854:.
1775:.
1750:^
1208:,
1201:.
1150:,
1075:.
1059:,
1055:,
1043:,
1039:,
1035:,
1031:,
1027:,
1015:,
1011:,
996:A
846:ox
802:,
2253:e
2246:t
2239:v
2200:.
2171:.
2147:.
2123:.
2099:.
2085::
2059:.
2033:.
1960:.
1933:)
1902:.
1888::
1865:.
1840:.
1785:.
1771::
1063:(
1047:(
717:e
710:t
703:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
